CN110014037B - Combined remediation method for copper-polluted soil - Google Patents

Combined remediation method for copper-polluted soil Download PDF

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CN110014037B
CN110014037B CN201910388292.3A CN201910388292A CN110014037B CN 110014037 B CN110014037 B CN 110014037B CN 201910388292 A CN201910388292 A CN 201910388292A CN 110014037 B CN110014037 B CN 110014037B
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copper
culture medium
polluted soil
combined remediation
remediation method
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CN110014037A (en
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郭帅
张冬雪
文亚雄
邱尧
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Hunan Heavy Metal Polluted Cultivated Land Safe And Efficient Utilization Engineering Research Center Co ltd
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Hunan Taigu Ecological Engineering Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants

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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a combined remediation method of copper-contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: firstly, adding a microbial agent into copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 25-45 kg/mu and uniformly turning; and planting the arthrodia grassland in the copper-polluted soil containing the microbial agent, and removing the copper in the soil by utilizing the absorption of the arthrodia grassland on the copper and the strengthening effect of the microbial agent. Wherein the microbial agent is mixed spore powder of penicillium oxalicum and yellow-blue fungi. The combined remediation method for the copper-polluted soil provided by the invention utilizes the activation effect of microorganisms on insoluble state or weak acid salt binding state in the polluted soil to convert the insoluble state or weak acid salt binding state in the polluted soil into exchangeable copper ions which are easy to absorb by plants, and the plants are grown and propagated to enrich heavy metals in the plants, so that the heavy metals are removed.

Description

Combined remediation method for copper-polluted soil
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polluted soil treatment, in particular to a combined remediation method for copper-polluted soil.
Background
Soil is not only an important component of the earth's ecosphere, but also an important natural resource on which humans live. With the development of industrial and agricultural production, the heavy metal pollution of soil is getting more serious, and the soil pollution becomes one of the public hazards which is concerned. The problems of land reclamation and ecological restoration faced by people are very serious after years of accumulation. The traditional treatment and restoration method for copper pollution in soil is usually a physical and chemical method, such as a dilution and covering method, a vitrification technology, a heat treatment technology, a leaching method, an electrochemical method and the like, and although the traditional restoration method has obvious treatment effect and short duration, the traditional restoration method has the defects of high cost, difficult management and easy secondary pollution.
Equisetum arvense belongs to perennial herbaceous plants and is widely distributed. Research reports show that the biont of the Equisetum ramosissimum can increase the content of heavy metal organic binding state to different degrees and reduce the bioavailability of the heavy metal under the stress of single or compound pollution such as Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and the like through the research of the Oersetum ramosissimum population and pot experiment in a tailing area (Liyun et al, 2010; Wang Youyoubao et al, 2006).
Chinese patent CN 10867246a discloses a method for remedying high-copper ion concentration contaminated soil, which plants (chenopodium quinoa, setaria viridis, saxifrage and humulus scandens) with an annual heavy metal enrichment effect are planted in the contaminated soil, and the roots are harvested and post-treated to remove heavy metals after the harvesting period. The heavy metal contaminated soil can be effectively removed or the biological toxicity of the heavy metal can be reduced by properly utilizing the plants, but for the area with higher pollution degree, the heavy metal is difficult to be enriched, transported and removed to the national standard level through the plant planting of one year, and the resource investment is increased through the repeated planting process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a combined remediation method of copper-polluted soil, which aims to convert insoluble or weak acid salt combined state in the polluted soil into exchangeable copper ions which are easy to absorb by plants by utilizing the activation effect of microorganisms, enrich heavy metals in the plants through the growth and propagation of the plants, remove the heavy metals, remarkably reduce the content of the heavy metals in the copper-polluted soil and be used for remediation of copper-polluted soil areas with different degrees.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a combined remediation method of copper-contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
adding the microbial inoculum into copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 25-45 kg/mu and uniformly turning;
planting the arthrodia grassland in the soil polluted by the copper containing the microbial agent, and removing the copper in the soil by utilizing the activation effect of the microbial agent and the absorption and enrichment of the arthrodia grassland on the copper;
wherein the microbial agent is mixed spore powder of penicillium oxalicum and yellow-blue fungi.
Preferably, the preparation method of the penicillium oxalicum and yellow blueish mixed spore powder comprises the following steps:
1) slant culture
Respectively inoculating original strains of penicillium oxalicum and yellow bluefungus on a slant culture medium under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 26-28 ℃;
2) shaking table cultivation
Adding sterile water to the slant of the strain cultured in the step 1), scraping spores, and diluting to obtain the product with spore content of 1 × 106-1×107cfu/mL spore suspension is respectively inoculated in a seed culture medium under aseptic condition and cultured for 18-24 hours in a shaking table at 140-160r/min under the conditions of pH6.0-6.5 and temperature of 26-28 ℃;
3) cultivation in fermenter
Inoculating the strain cultured in the step 2) into a liquid fermentation culture medium in an inoculation amount of 15-18% by volume under aseptic conditions, and stopping fermentation when the produced mycelium accounts for 20% of the total volume after culturing for 72-96 hours under the conditions of pH6.0-7.0, tank pressure of 0.05-0.06 MPa, temperature of 26-28 ℃ and ventilation amount of 1: 0.6-0.8 vvm;
4) solid fermentation spore production
Inoculating the mycelium cultured in the step 3) to a solid fermentation culture medium, culturing for 168-180 hours, and stopping fermentation to obtain a mixed solid fermentation product;
5) drying and crushing the solid fermentation product obtained in the step 4) to prepare the mixed spore powder of the penicillium oxalicum and the yellow blueness bacteria.
Further, the formula of the slant culture medium is as follows: 20g/L of glucose, 200g/L of potato juice and 20g/L of agar.
Preferably, the formulation of the seed culture medium is 20-25g/L of sucrose, 5-7g/L of peptone, 0.2-0.3g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.3g/L of magnesium sulfate and 2-4g/L of sodium chloride.
Preferably, the formula of the liquid fermentation medium is as follows: 20-25g/L of starch, 5-6g/L of corn flour, 2-3g/L of bean cake powder, 20-25g/L of cane sugar, 5-6g/L of peptone, 0.2-0.3g/L of magnesium sulfate, 20-25g/L of sodium chloride and 0.05-0.08% of defoaming agent (v/v).
Preferably, the solid fermentation medium formula is as follows: mixing rice straw, corn flour and chaff according to the weight ratio of 7:2:1 to form a solid material, and adding water into the solid material for mixing to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium; wherein the weight ratio of the solid material to the water is 1: 0.6-0.65.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of carrying out periodic harvesting after the planting of the Equisetum ramosissimum; the harvesting occurs when the Equisetum ramosissimum grows for 18-22 knots, and the harvesting method comprises the following steps: harvesting 5-10cm away from the root of the Equisetum ramosissimum, and separating and extracting heavy metal copper enriched in the plant body by adopting a hydrothermal liquefaction method.
The scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a combined remediation method for copper-contaminated soil, which jointly removes copper in the soil by utilizing the activation of a microbial agent and the absorption and enrichment of the herba arthrodii for the copper, has simple operation mode and low cost, and is suitable for remediation of copper-contaminated areas.
In the combined remediation method for the copper-contaminated soil, the adopted strains of penicillium oxalicum and ceruleus flavus can tolerate heavy metal copper and have acid production characteristics, weak acid binding state copper in the contaminated soil is further activated through the synergy of the acid production functions of the two strains, so that the weak acid binding state copper is converted into an ionic state or an exchangeable state, copper is enriched through the growth and propagation of the arthrodia, and plants are further harvested for post-treatment to achieve the purpose of removing the heavy metal copper; in addition, a mixed solid fermentation method is adopted in the preparation process of the spore powder, so that the operation steps are simplified, and the time resource is saved.
Thirdly, in the combined remediation method for the copper-contaminated soil, the Equisetum ramosissimum is a perennial plant, and the effect of gradually removing the heavy metal copper can be achieved by planting once and periodically harvesting for many years, so that resources are saved; the microorganism-plant combined remediation method is simple and easy to operate, environment-friendly and low in consumption, can remarkably reduce the content of heavy metals in copper-polluted soil, and can be used for remediation of copper-polluted soil areas with different degrees.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, adding the microbial inoculum to copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 35 kg/mu, and uniformly turning by using mechanical equipment such as a turning machine and the like to uniformly distribute the microbial inoculum in a polluted area;
the preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following specific steps:
1) slant culture: respectively selecting 1 ring of original strains of penicillium oxalicum and yellow bluefungi under the aseptic condition, respectively inoculating the strains on a slant culture medium, and culturing for 72 hours at the temperature of 28 ℃; wherein, the formula of the slant culture medium is as follows: 20g/L of glucose, 200g/L of potato juice and 20g/L of agar, and the pH is natural;
2) shake cultivation: adding sterile water to the slant of the strain cultured in the step 1), scraping spores, and diluting to obtain the product with spore content of 1 × 107cfu/mL spore suspension is respectively inoculated in a seed culture medium under aseptic condition and cultured for 24 hours at 140r/min by a shaking table under the conditions of pH6.0-6.5 and 28 ℃; wherein, the formula of the seed culture medium is as follows: 20g/L of sucrose, 5g/L of peptone, 0.2g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate and 2g/L of sodium chloride;
3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating the strain cultured in the step (2) into a liquid fermentation culture medium in an inoculation amount of 15% by volume under aseptic conditions, and stopping fermentation when the produced mycelium accounts for 20% of the total volume after culturing for 72 hours under the conditions of pH6.0, tank pressure of 0.05MPa, temperature of 28 ℃ and ventilation quantity of 1:0.6 vvm; wherein the formula of the liquid fermentation medium is as follows: 20g/L of starch, 6g/L of corn flour, 2g/L of bean cake powder, 20g/L of cane sugar, 6g/L of peptone, 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate, 25g/L of sodium chloride and 0.08% of defoaming agent.
4) Solid fermentation spore production: inoculating the mycelium cultured in the fermentation tank in the step 3) to a solid fermentation culture medium, culturing for 168 hours, and stopping fermentation; wherein the formula of the solid fermentation medium is as follows: adding water into a solid material formed by mixing rice straws, corn flour and chaff according to the weight ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium, wherein the weight ratio of the solid material to the water is 1: 0.6;
5) drying and crushing the mixed solid fermentation product obtained in the step 4) to prepare penicillium oxalicum and yellow blueness bacterium mixed spore powder;
planting a plant with copper enrichment capacity, namely the Equisetum ramosissimum in the copper polluted area, and performing plant division propagation in a propagation mode, wherein the planting density is 12 plants/m2
Harvesting 18-22 knots of the arthrolicus to remove heavy metal copper at a position 5-10cm away from the root of the plant, and separating and extracting the heavy metal copper enriched in the plant body by adopting a hydrothermal liquefaction method;
in the implementation process of the method, the content change of heavy metal copper in the polluted soil is determined after the Equisetum ramosissimum is harvested.
Example 2
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, adding the microbial inoculum to copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 35 kg/mu, and uniformly turning by using mechanical equipment such as a turning machine and the like to uniformly distribute the microbial inoculum in a polluted area;
the preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following specific steps:
1) slant culture: respectively selecting 1 ring of original strains of penicillium oxalicum and yellow bluefungi under the aseptic condition, respectively inoculating the strains on a slant culture medium, and culturing for 48 hours at the temperature of 26 ℃; wherein, the formula of the slant culture medium is as follows: 20g/L of glucose, 200g/L of potato juice and 20g/L of agar, and the pH is natural;
2) shake cultivation: adding sterile water to the slant of the strain cultured in the step 1) to scrape spores, and diluting the spores to 1 x 106cfu/mL spore suspension is respectively inoculated in a seed culture medium under aseptic condition and cultured for 18 hours in a shaking table at 160r/min under the conditions of pH6.0-6.5 and 26 ℃; wherein the formula (g/L) of the seed culture medium is as follows: 25g/L of sucrose, 7g/L of peptone, 0.3g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g/L of magnesium sulfate and 4g/L of sodium chloride;
3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating the strain cultured in the step (2) into a liquid fermentation culture medium in an inoculation amount of 18% by volume under aseptic conditions, and stopping fermentation when the produced mycelium accounts for 20% of the total volume after 96 hours of culture under the conditions of pH7.0, tank pressure of 0.06MPa, temperature of 26 ℃ and ventilation quantity of 1:0.8 vvm; wherein the formula of the liquid fermentation medium is as follows: 25g/L of starch, 5g/L of corn flour, 3g/L of bean cake powder, 25g/L of cane sugar, 5g/L of peptone, 0.3g/L of magnesium sulfate, 20g/L of sodium chloride and 0.05% of defoaming agent (v/v).
4) Solid fermentation spore production: inoculating the mycelium cultured in the fermentation tank in the step 3) to a solid fermentation culture medium, culturing for 180 hours, and stopping fermentation; wherein the formula of the solid fermentation medium is as follows: adding water into a solid material formed by mixing rice straws, corn flour and chaff according to the weight ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium, wherein the weight ratio of the solid material to the water is 1: 0.65;
5) drying and crushing the mixed solid fermentation product obtained in the step 4) to prepare penicillium oxalicum and yellow blueness bacterium mixed spore powder;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
In the implementation process of the method, the content change of heavy metal copper in the polluted soil is determined after the Equisetum ramosissimum is harvested.
Example 3
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, adding the microbial inoculum to copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 30 kg/mu, and uniformly turning by using mechanical equipment such as a turning machine and the like to uniformly distribute the microbial inoculum in a polluted area;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, adding the microbial inoculum to copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 40 kg/mu, and uniformly turning by using mechanical equipment such as a turning machine and the like to uniformly distribute the microbial inoculum in a polluted area;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, adding the microbial inoculum to copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 45 kg/mu, and uniformly turning by using mechanical equipment such as a turning machine and the like to uniformly distribute the microbial inoculum in a polluted area;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 6
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the planting density of the Equisetum ramosissimum in the second step in example 1 was adjusted to 9 plants/m2
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 7
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the planting density of the arthroncus nodiflora in the second step in the example 1 is adjusted to 15 plants/m2
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 8
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, adding single-bacterium agent penicillium oxalicum spore powder to copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 35 kg/mu, and uniformly turning by using mechanical equipment such as a turning machine and the like to uniformly distribute the microbial agent in a polluted area;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 9
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, adding single microbial agent of bluish yellow spore powder to copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 35 kg/mu, and uniformly turning by using mechanical equipment such as a turning machine and the like to uniformly distribute the microbial agent in a polluted area;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
The results of remediation of soil contaminated with copper according to the methods described in examples 1 to 9 were shown in the following table, with only the treatment of Arthropoda japonica planted without any remediation treatment (control 1) and without any microbial agent (control 2).
Processing groups Initial effective copper content (mg/kg) Post harvest effective copper content (mg/kg)
Control group 1 412.23 412.12
Control group 2 413.01 401.26
Example 1 413.25 375.59
Example 2 414.03 376.23
Example 3 413.21 391.21
Example 4 414.37 381.56
Example 5 412.98 394.48
Example 6 413.13 377.27
Example 7 413.45 378.11
Example 8 412.99 394.34
Example 9 413.00 395.19
As can be seen from the data analysis in the table, the effective copper content in the contaminated soil can be reduced to different degrees by adopting the methods described in the examples 1 to 9, and the combined remediation effect of the microbial agent and the arthroncus is better than that of the control group 2;
the comparison of the tables 1, 2 and examples 1-2 shows that the experimental results of example 1 are better than those of example 2 under different fermentation conditions by the method of the present invention, and both can remove the available copper content in the contaminated soil to different degrees, and preferably, the fermentation conditions of the microbial inoculum are selected from those described in example 1.
The control groups 1, 2 and examples 1, 3, 4, 5 in the table illustrate the healing effect of the method of the invention at different microbial agent application rates; preferably, the application amount of the microbial agent in the invention is 35 kg/mu.
In the table, comparison groups 1 and 2 and examples 1, 6 and 7 illustrate the repairing effect of the method of the invention under different planting densities of the Equisetum ramosissimum; preferably, the planting density of the Equisetum ramosissimum in the invention is 10 plants/m2
In the table, comparison groups 1 and 2 and examples 1, 8 and 9 show that the application effects of the microbial mixed spore powder fungicide, the single penicillium oxalicum spore powder fungicide and the single bluish yellow fungus spore powder fungicide in combined remediation with the saxifraga stolonifera respectively are achieved, the examples 8 and 9 can reduce the content of effective copper in the polluted soil, but compared with the example 1, the effects are more different, and the mixed spore powder of the two strains can synergistically activate copper in the soil, so that the saxifraga stolonifera plants are enriched with more heavy metal copper.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. The combined remediation method for the copper-contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
adding the microbial inoculum into copper-polluted soil according to the application amount of 25-45 kg/mu and uniformly turning;
planting the arthrodia grassland in the copper-polluted soil containing the microbial agent, and removing copper in the soil by utilizing the activation effect of the microbial agent and the absorption and enrichment of the arthrodia grassland on the copper;
the method also comprises the step of carrying out periodic harvesting after the planting of the Equisetum ramosissimum; the harvesting occurs when the Equisetum ramosissimum grows for 18-22 knots, and the harvesting method comprises the following steps: harvesting 5-10cm away from the root of the Equisetum ramosissimum, and separating and extracting heavy metal copper enriched in the plant body by adopting a hydrothermal liquefaction method;
wherein the microbial agent is mixed spore powder of penicillium oxalicum and yellow-blue fungi.
2. The combined remediation method of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the penicillium oxalicum and ceruleus flavus mixed spore powder comprises the following steps:
1) slant culture
Respectively inoculating original strains of penicillium oxalicum and yellow bluefungus on a slant culture medium under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 26-28 ℃;
2) shaking table cultivation
Adding sterile water to the slant of the strain cultured in the step 1), scraping spores, and diluting to obtain the product with spore content of 1 × 106-1×107cfu/mL spore suspension is respectively inoculated in a seed culture medium under aseptic condition and cultured for 18-24 hours in a shaking table at 140-160r/min under the conditions of pH6.0-6.5 and temperature of 26-28 ℃;
3) cultivation in fermenter
Inoculating the strain cultured in the step 2) into a liquid fermentation culture medium in an inoculation amount of 15-18% by volume under aseptic conditions, and stopping fermentation when the produced mycelium accounts for 20% of the total volume after culturing for 72-96 hours under the conditions of pH6.0-7.0, tank pressure of 0.05-0.06 MPa, temperature of 26-28 ℃ and ventilation amount of 1: 0.6-0.8 vvm;
4) solid fermentation spore production
Inoculating the mycelium cultured in the step 3) to a solid fermentation culture medium, culturing for 168-180 hours, and stopping fermentation to obtain a mixed solid fermentation product;
5) drying and crushing the solid fermentation product obtained in the step 4) to prepare the mixed spore powder of the penicillium oxalicum and the yellow blueness bacteria.
3. The combined remediation method of claim 2, wherein the slant culture medium comprises the following formula: 20g/L of glucose, 200g/L of potato juice and 20g/L of agar.
4. The combined remediation method of claim 2, wherein the seed medium is formulated with sucrose 20-25g/L, peptone 5-7g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.3g/L, and sodium chloride 2-4 g/L.
5. The combined remediation method of claim 2, wherein the liquid fermentation medium comprises the following formula: 20-25g/L of starch, 5-6g/L of corn flour, 2-3g/L of bean cake powder, 20-25g/L of cane sugar, 5-6g/L of peptone, 0.2-0.3g/L of magnesium sulfate, 20-25g/L of sodium chloride and 0.05-0.08% of defoaming agent (v/v).
6. The combined remediation method of claim 2, wherein the solid fermentation medium comprises the following formula: mixing rice straw, corn flour and chaff according to the weight ratio of 7:2:1 to form a solid material, and adding water into the solid material for mixing to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium; wherein the weight ratio of the solid material to the water is 1: 0.6-0.65.
7. The combined remediation method of copper-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the arthroncus williamsii propagation mode adopts plant division propagation, and the planting density is as follows: 9-15 strains/m2
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