CN110012015B - Block chain-based Internet of things data sharing method and system - Google Patents
Block chain-based Internet of things data sharing method and system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
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- H04L9/3268—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving certificates, e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]; Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements using certificate validation, registration, distribution or revocation, e.g. certificate revocation list [CRL]
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
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Abstract
The invention relates to a block chain-based Internet of things data sharing method and system, wherein the system comprises a certificate management module, a gateway module and a channel; the method comprises the steps that the Internet of things equipment applies for registration to a CA through a gateway module, and the CA returns a certificate to the gateway module and stores the certificate in a certificate management module in the gateway module; the gateway module receives and processes the data information and sends the data information to the node through the Fabric SDK; the node carries out endorsement and returns the endorsement to the Fabric SDK; the Fabric SDK sends the collected data information to a sequencing service according to an endorsement policy, and the sequencing service performs sequencing according to a time sequence, packages the data information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to nodes in a channel; and after receiving the block, the node verifies the block and writes the block into a local account book. According to the invention, on the premise of not using a single credible centralized mechanism, the method helps the participants to directly establish trust, ensures that data can be safely shared, improves the value transfer efficiency, and reduces the risk of data tampering by using the block chain data structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains and the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to a block chain-based Internet of things data sharing method and system.
Background
The internet of things is a network in which articles are connected through the internet to share information. With the development of the internet of things technology, the structure of the network is increasingly complex, the amount of collected data is increased explosively, the problem of information islanding is increasingly prominent, and how to safely share data among different parties becomes a great challenge. A typical approach is to introduce a trusted centralized authority responsible for collecting, transmitting and managing data, but this solution has some significant drawbacks:
1. the centralized mechanism needs to be responsible for the management of the equipment, the storage and the transmission of data, and once the centralized mechanism fails, the whole system is put into a crash.
2. The centralized authority is opaque to the participants and too powerful, and if an external attack is made, the data may be tampered.
3. Data transmission must go through a centralized authority, and some private data of the data provider may be more desirable to share directly with the data demander.
The block chain is originated from bitcoin, is a distributed account book technology which is maintained by multiple parties and cannot change data, and has the characteristics of decentralization, common maintenance, non-tampering, encryption safety and the like. The method can enable the participants to establish mutual trust under the condition of being separated from a centralized mechanism, and the advantage is suitable for improving the existing architecture of the Internet of things. The block chain ensures the consistency of the data of the ledger by a consensus mechanism, and any participant cannot absolutely obtain the control right of the ledger. The method packs data into blocks according to time sequence, each block comprises summary information of the previous block, so that a chain type data structure is formed, and the uplink data are guaranteed not to be falsified and forged in a cryptographic mode. The blockchain also generally contains an intelligent contract (also called a chain code), and rules or contracts can be coded into programs to be deployed on the blockchain, and the programs are automatically executed according to a predetermined contract after a condition is triggered.
The blockchains are generally classified into public, private, and alliance chains, depending on the authority of the participants. The open-source HyperLegend Fabric is a representative of a alliance chain, supports authority management and identity authentication in an increasing mode on the basis of retaining the advantages of a block chain to the greatest extent, is pluggable and extensible in design, can be flexibly replaced by a consensus mechanism, member services, an encryption algorithm, a bottom database and the like, and is convenient to meet the use requirements of different scenes. Hyperhedge Fabric implements rights management by means of CA (Certificate Authority), and isolates different participants by adopting a channel mechanism.
In the prior art, a centralized mechanism is introduced, so that the problem of single-point failure generally exists, data sharing is not transparent, the risk of tampering exists, and the usability and the safety of data cannot be guaranteed. According to the technical scheme, by utilizing the characteristic of block chain decentralization, the nodes providing services are dispersed, and the single-point fault risk is reduced; by using the data structure which is a block chain and can not be tampered, the transparency in sharing is improved, and the completeness and reliability of data are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method and the system for sharing the data of the Internet of things based on the block chain, so that the problem of single-point failure is effectively avoided, the data sharing efficiency is improved, the safety and the privacy of the system are ensured by the authority management scheme, and the risk of data tampering is reduced by the block chain data structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a block chain-based Internet of things data sharing method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the Internet of things equipment applies for registration to the first CA through the gateway module, and the first CA returns a certificate to the gateway module and stores the certificate in the certificate management module in the gateway module;
step 2: the gateway module receives data information of the Internet of things equipment, processes the data information, and sends the processed data information to nodes in the channel through the Fabric SDK;
and step 3: after receiving the data information sent by the Fabric SDK, the nodes in the channel endorse the data information and return the data information after endorsement to the Fabric SDK;
and 4, step 4: the Fabric SDK sends the collected data information after endorsement to a sequencing service according to an endorsement strategy, and the sequencing service sequences the received data information according to a time sequence, packs the data information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to nodes in a channel;
and 5: and after receiving the block, the node in the channel verifies the block and writes the verified block into a local account book.
The method for applying registration to the first CA through the gateway module by the Internet of things equipment comprises the following processes:
the gateway module sends an HTTP POST request to an enroll interface of the first CA, the first CA verifies the request after receiving the request, if the request is legal, a certificate is locally generated and returned to the gateway, and if the request is illegal, an illegal prompt is sent back to the gateway module.
The processing the data information comprises: format conversion, data cleaning and data normalization.
The endorsement is as follows: and the node checks the legality and authority of the data information sent by the Fabric SDK, if the check is passed, the state change generated by receiving the data information is simulated, and if the simulated data result is legal, the data information is ensured.
The verification comprises: transaction message structure, signature integrity, whether it is repeated, and whether the read-write set versions match.
The inquiry module applies for the certificate to the second CA, carries the certificate and accesses the account book in the channel by calling the chain code.
The gateway module includes:
the certificate management module is used for storing the certificate of the Internet of things equipment;
the data receiving and processing module is used for receiving and processing data information of the Internet of things equipment and sending the processed data information to the Fabric SDK;
fabric SDK for interacting with channels.
The ordering service is: and globally sorting all legal data information in the network, and combining the sorted data information in batches to generate a block structure.
A block chain-based Internet of things data sharing system comprises:
the Internet of things equipment is used for sending a registration application and data information to the gateway module;
the gateway module is used for applying registration to the first CA according to the registration application of the Internet of things equipment, and the certificate management module in the gateway module receives a certificate returned by the first CA; a data receiving and processing module in the gateway module receives data information of the Internet of things equipment and processes the data information; the Fabric SDK in the gateway module sends the processed data information to nodes in the channel and sends the collected data information after endorsement to a sequencing service in the channel according to the endorsement strategy;
the channel comprises a plurality of nodes and sequencing service, wherein after receiving the data information sent by the Fabric SDK, the nodes endorse the data information and return the endorsed data information to the Fabric SDK; the sequencing service sequences the received data information according to a time sequence, packs the data information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to nodes in a channel; and after receiving the block, the node in the channel verifies the block and writes the verified block into a local account book.
The system also comprises an inquiry module which applies for the certificate to the second CA and carries the certificate to access the account book in the channel by calling the chain code.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the topology of the Internet of things is decentralized, the nodes are highly autonomous, and even if some nodes break down, the whole system can still work normally;
2. the CA provides a safe and flexible authority management scheme to ensure that only authorized members read and write data and the data can be safely shared among different participants;
3. data is commonly maintained by a plurality of participants, the tampering of the data by one party cannot be accepted by the whole system, and the written data cannot be changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as modified in the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
A block chain-based Internet of things data sharing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the block chain network is constructed based on HyperLegger Fabric, and the configuration of the network is negotiated by the participants of the Internet of things and maintained together; the participators belong to respective organizations, the organizations carry out member identity management through CA and maintain sequencing services and nodes, and accounts in the nodes store data in a non-tampering mode by using a data structure of a block chain; the organizations are isolated from the outside by establishing channels so as to share data in the channels; these data are not controlled by a single party, but are maintained collectively based on negotiated channel policies;
the gateway module is responsible for processing and transmitting data between the Internet of things equipment and the block chain network and comprises a certificate management module, a data receiving and processing module and a Fabric SDK; the certificate management module helps newly-added Internet of things equipment to apply for a certificate to the CA, encrypts and stores the certificate after receiving the certificate returned by the CA in a local database, and records the corresponding relation between the certificate and the Internet of things equipment; the data receiving and processing module performs necessary processing such as cleaning, format conversion and packaging on data acquired by the Internet of things equipment; the Fabric SDK signs the data processed in the last step by using the certificate of the corresponding Internet of things equipment, encapsulates the data and sends the data to a corresponding channel; the Fabric SDK is a set of development tools and encapsulates service interfaces provided by the nodes.
The query module is used for querying data by a data demand party; the inquiry module carries a certificate of itself, calls the chain code to access the data recorded on the account book, and related personnel or equipment can further utilize the data.
And the gateway module monitors various events in the block chain network and takes the next operation based on the events.
Creating an auxiliary channel capable of recording a query log for the channel to form a double-chain system; each inquiry of the data on the channel writes the information of the inquiry items, the inquiry time and the like into the auxiliary channel by calling the chain code of the auxiliary channel in the chain code; once the data of the channel is leaked, weak links and the leakage range can be traced by analyzing the records of the auxiliary channel.
The privacy data are controlled in finer granularity, when the gateway module sends data to the channel, the privacy data are stored in a special domain, a link code on a node detects the special domain, the hash value of the privacy data is automatically calculated, the hash value is only broadcast to the channel subsequently, and the true value is stored in a node local database; when a data demander wishes to access private data, a request can be made to the node, if the data demander is granted permission, the node reads the data locally or returns the data after requesting the data from other nodes storing the data, and the data demander calculates a hash value of the received data and compares the hash value with a value recorded in a book to confirm the authenticity of the data.
Example (b):
the internet of things device is connected to the gateway through GPIO pins by using a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor in the embodiment.
The gateway uses raspberry pi 3B, is provided with a Raspian Stretch Lite system, and is connected with the CA and the block chain network through a wireless network. The CA is realized by Fabric CA and runs on a server. And the gateway runs Python script for receiving and processing data from the GPIO pin. The gateway then interacts with the CA as follows:
1. and the gateway confirms the identity of the newly added equipment of the Internet of things, acquires metadata such as the equipment type of the equipment, and sets the equipment ID.
2. If the equipment is confirmed to be correct, the gateway calls RESTful API of Fabric CA to apply for the identity certificate of the equipment to the CA of the organization.
And 3, after receiving the application, the CA generates necessary certificate materials and returns the certificate materials to the gateway. The CA has previously obtained authorization in the configuration of the components like channels, sequencing services, nodes etc. in the blockchain network, so that the ECerts (registration certificates), TCerts (transaction certificates), etc. it issues can be used in the network.
4. And after receiving the certificate, the gateway delivers the certificate to a local certificate management module, the certificate management module encrypts and stores the certificate in a local database, and records the corresponding relation between the certificate and the Internet of things equipment.
The blockchain network comprises 1 channel, 1 group of ordering services on the Apache Kafka, a plurality of nodes belonging to Org1 and Org2 organization, Org1 providing data, Org2 acquiring data. These components are deployed on different servers, communicating via the gRPC protocol.
Permission strategies are set in configuration files of the block chain network and the channels, and the condition that the members have specific permissions is limited.
And the gateway signs the processed data by using the certificate corresponding to the Internet of things equipment, packages the signed data into a transaction proposal and then sends the transaction proposal to the nodes in the channel through the Fabric SDK.
The node and the sequencing service endorses and sequences the received transactions, finally broadcasts the endorsements to all nodes in the channel and writes the endorsements into a local account book.
Preferably, the gateway monitors various events in the blockchain network, and takes further action based on the events.
Preferably, an auxiliary channel capable of recording the query log is created for the channel, and a related chain code calling the chain code of the auxiliary channel is instantiated on the channel, so that the range of the query and the information of the querier are recorded to the auxiliary channel for each query of the data.
Preferably, when the gateway module sends data to the node of the channel, the private data is stored in the special domain of the transition, the chain code on the node detects the special domain, the hash value of the private data is automatically calculated, the hash value is only broadcast to the channel subsequently, and the true value is stored in the local private database of the node. When a data demander wishes to access private data, a request can be made to the node, if the data demander is granted permission, the node reads the data locally or returns the data after requesting the data from other nodes storing the data, and the data demander calculates a hash value of the received data and compares the hash value with a value recorded in a book to confirm the authenticity of the data.
The query module is a Web application program, and the bottom layer calls the query chain code through an API provided by the Fabric SDK to provide data allowed by the channel policy for the data demand party.
Claims (7)
1. A block chain-based Internet of things data sharing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the Internet of things equipment applies for registration to the first CA through the gateway module, and the first CA returns a certificate to the gateway module and stores the certificate in the certificate management module in the gateway module;
step 2: the gateway module receives data information of the Internet of things equipment, processes the data information, and sends the processed data information to nodes in the channel through the Fabric SDK;
and step 3: after receiving the data information sent by the Fabric SDK, the nodes in the channel endorse the data information and return the data information after endorsement to the Fabric SDK;
and 4, step 4: the Fabric SDK sends the collected data information after endorsement to a sequencing service according to an endorsement strategy, and the sequencing service sequences the received data information according to a time sequence, packs the data information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to nodes in a channel;
and 5: after receiving the block, the node in the channel verifies the block and writes the verified block into a local account book;
the method for applying registration to the first CA through the gateway module by the Internet of things equipment comprises the following processes:
the gateway module sends an HTTP POST request to an enroll interface of a first CA, the first CA receives the request and then verifies the request, if the request is legal, a certificate is locally generated and returned to the gateway, and if the request is illegal, an illegal prompt is sent back to the gateway module;
the gateway module includes:
the certificate management module is used for storing the certificate of the Internet of things equipment;
the data receiving and processing module is used for receiving and processing data information of the Internet of things equipment and sending the processed data information to the Fabric SDK;
a Fabric SDK for interacting with the channel; the inquiry module applies for a certificate to a second CA, carries the certificate and accesses an account book in the channel by calling the chain code;
the certificate management module helps newly-added Internet of things equipment to apply for a certificate to the CA, encrypts and stores the certificate after receiving the certificate returned by the CA in a local database, and records the corresponding relation between the certificate and the Internet of things equipment;
and the Fabric SDK signs the processed data in the last step by using the certificate of the corresponding Internet of things equipment, encapsulates the data and sends the encapsulated data to the corresponding channel.
2. The block chain based internet of things data sharing method according to claim 1, wherein: the processing the data information comprises: format conversion, data cleaning and data normalization.
3. The block chain based internet of things data sharing method according to claim 1, wherein: the endorsement is as follows: and the node checks the legality and authority of the data information sent by the Fabric SDK, if the check is passed, the state change generated by receiving the data information is simulated, and if the simulated data result is legal, the data information is ensured.
4. The block chain based internet of things data sharing method according to claim 1, wherein: the verifying the block in the step 5 comprises: transaction message structure, signature integrity, whether it is repeated, and whether the read-write set versions match.
5. The block chain based internet of things data sharing method according to claim 1, wherein: the ordering service is: and globally sorting all legal data information in the network, and combining the sorted data information in batches to generate a block structure.
6. An Internet of things data sharing system based on the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
the Internet of things equipment is used for sending a registration application and data information to the gateway module;
the gateway module is used for applying registration to the first CA according to the registration application of the Internet of things equipment, and the certificate management module in the gateway module receives a certificate returned by the first CA; a data receiving and processing module in the gateway module receives data information of the Internet of things equipment and processes the data information; the Fabric SDK in the gateway module sends the processed data information to nodes in the channel and sends the collected data information after endorsement to a sequencing service in the channel according to the endorsement strategy;
the channel comprises a plurality of nodes and sequencing service, wherein after receiving the data information sent by the Fabric SDK, the nodes endorse the data information and return the endorsed data information to the Fabric SDK; the sequencing service sequences the received data information according to a time sequence, packs the data information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to nodes in a channel; and after receiving the block, the node in the channel verifies the block and writes the verified block into a local account book.
7. The system of claim 6, further comprising an inquiry module, which applies for a certificate to the second CA and carries the certificate to access the ledger in the channel by calling the chain code.
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