CN110011377A - A kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger - Google Patents
A kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger Download PDFInfo
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- CN110011377A CN110011377A CN201910320788.7A CN201910320788A CN110011377A CN 110011377 A CN110011377 A CN 110011377A CN 201910320788 A CN201910320788 A CN 201910320788A CN 110011377 A CN110011377 A CN 110011377A
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010278 pulse charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00038—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors
- H02J7/00041—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors in response to measured battery parameters, e.g. voltage, current or temperature profile
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- H02J7/0026—
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- H02J7/0027—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0034—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using reverse polarity correcting or protecting circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H02J7/0072—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent chargers, including main charging circuit and single-chip microcontroller, it further include pulse charge control circuit, current detection circuit, voltage detecting circuit, reference voltage-stabilizing circuit, temperature sensing circuit and pulse charge condition indication circuit, the present invention realizes whole intelligent pulse charging, battery pack is filled fast, and battery is not damaged, and internal battery pack temperature is constant, battery not dehydration in charging process, not gassing；Charge mode is automatically selected, vulcanization battery pack is repaired, promotes battery capacity；Intelligent temperature compensation provides a set of charge mode for being suitble to this temperature according to environment temperature automatically, realizes that summer fills and does not rouse battery, what winter battery filled expires；In reversal connection, triode Q5 power loss is not turned on battery pack polarity, and relay K1 coil losing electricity is not attracted, and the bright indicating battery group of yellow indicator lamp LD6 is reversed, real-time 0 voltage output, anti-reverse, anti-short circuit；Have the function of high temperature protection, prevents charger from damaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to accumulator charging technology fields, more particularly to a kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger.
Background technique
With the rapid development of New Energy Industry, electric bicycle now on the market, electro-tricycle, electronic old generation
The new energy electricity sedan-chairs such as step vehicle become increasingly popular, and 95% or more uses plumbic acid valve control maintenance-free battery as power source, according to correlation
The service life of technical requirements, single battery is once calculated at 500 times or so by charging, electric discharge, but conventional charging side
Formula is all using three-stage DC charging mode, it may be assumed that constant current-constant pressure-floating charge three phases.Due to the process of battery charging
It is the process that an electric energy is converted to chemical energy, in this process, if persistently being continued direct current to battery group
Electric current charging, the chemical reaction of inside battery persistently carry out, it is easy to cause battery internal temperature to rise, so that battery goes out
Existing phenomenon of losing water, causes battery thermal out of control when serious, battery capacity occur and significantly decay or even phenomena such as bulge.
Battery thermal runaway reduces charging current in order to prevent for some charger producers at present, or charging even charging voltage
It reduces, come the result for preventing over-charging of battery, but occurring in this way is exactly that battery is not fully filled for a long time with this, influences in battery durable
Journey, battery as long-term charge less and generate sulfation, reduce the service efficiency of battery.Also the charger producer having
In order to promote oneself charger quality, improving charger even charging voltage, (single voltage reaches 15V or more, and battery list is only equal
Charging voltage is not above 14.8V) come to battery charging, it is to increase course continuation mileage, but sacrifice electricity in a short time in this way
The service life in pond.During the charging process, temperature-compensating must have lead-acid batteries, in order to which summer, which fills, does not rouse
Battery, winter allow battery to be full of, but the effect temperature compensation of most chargers is unobvious on the market now, by charger
The variation of internal temperature and change, and a stable ambient temperature value is not achieved, exacerbates the probability for filling bad battery instead.
So the present invention provides the new scheme of one kind to solve the problems, such as this.
Summary of the invention
For above situation, for the defect for overcoming the prior art, purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lead-acid accumulators
Group intelligent charger.
Its technical solution solved is: a kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger, including main charging circuit and single-chip microcontroller,
Further include pulse charge control circuit, current detection circuit, voltage detecting circuit, reference voltage-stabilizing circuit, temperature sensing circuit and
The input terminal of pulse charge condition indication circuit, the pulse charge control circuit connects the output of pulse signal of the single-chip microcontroller
End, the output end of pulse charge control circuit connect the output end of the main charging circuit, the input of the current detection circuit
End connects the pulse charge control circuit, and the output end of current detection circuit connects the current detecting input of the single-chip microcontroller
End, the input terminal of the voltage detecting circuit connect the output end of main charging circuit, and the output end of voltage detecting circuit connects institute
The voltage detecting input terminal of single-chip microcontroller is stated, the input terminal of the reference voltage-stabilizing circuit connects main charging circuit, reference voltage-stabilizing circuit
Output end connect the feeder ear of the temperature sensing circuit, the output end of temperature sensing circuit connects the temperature of the single-chip microcontroller
The feeder ear of detection input, the pulse charge condition indication circuit connects single-chip microcontroller.
Further, the main charging circuit includes AC220V power supply, and the firewire of AC220V power supply passes through adjustable resistance ZR1
The cathode of connection diode D2 and the anode of D4, the cathode of the zero curve connection diode D1 of AC220V power supply and the anode of D3, two
The plus earth of pole pipe D1, D2, cathode connection capacitor C1, C2 of diode D3, D4, one end of resistance R1, R2 and transformer B1
The first winding terminals 1, capacitor C1 the other end ground connection, resistance R1 the other end connection diode D6, voltage-stabiliser tube D5 cathode,
One end of capacitor C3 and the pin 7 of pulse width modulating chip U1, the anode of voltage-stabiliser tube D5 and the other end earth of capacitor C3, electricity
Hold the cathode of the other end connection diode D7 of C2, resistance R2, the first winding terminal of the anode connection transformer B1 of diode D7
The drain electrode of 2 and metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 of son, the anode of the grid connection diode D6 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and one end of resistance R3, R8, R9, resistance R3
The other end connection transformer B1 the second winding terminals 3, transformer B1 the second winding terminals 4 ground connection, resistance R8's is another
End connection pulse width modulating chip U1 pin 6, resistance R9 the other end connection metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 source electrode and resistance R7, R10 one
End, the other end ground connection of resistance R10, the pin 3 of the other end connection pulse width modulating chip U1 of resistance R7, pulse width modulating chip U1
Pin 3 also by resistance R6, R6*, capacitor C7 ground connection in parallel, the pin 2,5 of pulse width modulating chip U1 is grounded, pulsewidth modulation
The pin 8 of chip U1 connects one end of resistance R5, capacitor C6, the other end ground connection of capacitor C6, the pin 4 of pulse width modulating chip U1
The other end of resistance R5 is connected, and is grounded by capacitor C5, the pin 1 of pulse width modulating chip U1 connects drawing for photoelectrical coupler U2
Foot 4, and by resistance R4, capacitor C26 ground connection in parallel, the pin 3 of photoelectrical coupler U2 is grounded.
Further, the tertiary winding terminal 6 of the transformer B1 by diode D9 connection capacitor C16, resistance R32,
One end of R27 and the pin 1 of photoelectrical coupler U2, resistance R32 the other end connection capacitor C17 one end and resistance R34 one
End, the other end connection+12V power output end of resistance R34, the tertiary winding terminal 5 of transformer B1 are another with capacitor C16, C17's
One end earth, and capacitor C8 is also connected between the terminal 4,5 of transformer B1, the other end of resistance R27 connects photoelectric coupling
The pin 2 of device U2, and pass through the pin 2 of one end of resistance R26 connection capacitor C14 and controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q6, controllable accurate
The pin 1 of source of stable pressure Q6 connects the other end of capacitor C14 and one end of capacitor C15, resistance R28, R28*, R30, and controllable accurate is steady
The other end earth of the pin 3 of potential source Q6 and capacitor C15, resistance R28, R28*, the other end of resistance R30 pass through resistance
One end of R31 connection capacitor C17, C18, the cathode of diode D8 and relay K1 normally opened contact one end, capacitor C17's is another
End and the 4th winding terminals 7 of transformer B1 are grounded, and the other end of capacitor C18 passes through the anode of resistance R33 connection diode D8
With the 4th winding terminals 8 of transformer B1, the other end connection+48V power output end and resistance R35 of relay K1 normally opened contact
One end, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q5 of resistance R35 and one end of resistance R36, the emitter and electricity of triode Q5
Hinder R36 other end earth, triode Q5 collector connection diode D10 anode and relay K1 coil one
End, the cathode of diode D10 connect one end of resistance R34 and the anode of fan FAN with the other end of relay K1 coil.
Further, the pulse charge control circuit includes resistance R37, and one end of resistance R37 connects the single-chip microcontroller
Pulse signal output end, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q4 of resistance R37 and one end of resistance R38, triode Q4's
Collector connects one end, the cathode of voltage-stabiliser tube D11 and the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 of resistance R39, R40, and the other end of resistance R39 connects
Connect+48V power output end, one end of the source electrode connection resistance R41 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7, the other end of resistance R38, R40, R41, three poles
The emitter of pipe Q4 and the anode earth of voltage-stabiliser tube D11, one end of the drain electrode connection resistance R21 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 and cathode fill
Electric end, the anode of the other end connection yellow indicator lamp LD6 of resistance R21, the cathode of yellow indicator lamp LD6 pass through diode D16
Connection+48V power output end.
Further, the current detection circuit includes resistance R23, and one end of resistance R23 connects the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7,
Other end connection resistance R23*, one end of capacitor C20 and the current sense input of single-chip microcontroller of resistance R23, resistance R23*, electricity
Hold the other end ground connection of C20.
Further, the voltage detecting circuit includes diode D12, and the anode connection+48V power supply of diode D12 is defeated
Outlet, the cathode of diode D12 connect the voltage inspection of resistance R25, one end of capacitor C21 and single-chip microcontroller by resistance R24, R24*
Survey input terminal, the other end ground connection of resistance R25, capacitor C21.
Further, the reference voltage-stabilizing circuit includes decompression chip U3, is depressured the 3 connection+12V power supply of pin of chip U3
The pin 1 of one end of output end and capacitor C22, decompression chip U3 is grounded, and the 2 connection+3.3V power supply of pin for being depressured chip U3 is defeated
One end of outlet and capacitor C19, the other end ground connection of capacitor C22, C19.
Further, the temperature sensing circuit includes resistance R15 and thermistor NTC, and one end connection of resistance R15+
3.3V power output end, one end of the other end connection thermistor NTC of resistance R15 and the temperature detection input terminal of single-chip microcontroller,
The other end of thermistor NTC is grounded.
Further, the pulse charge condition indication circuit includes resistance R16-R20, and one end of resistance R16 connects single
The other end of first control terminal of piece machine, resistance R16 is grounded by red indicating light LD5, and one end of resistance R17 connects single-chip microcontroller
The second control terminal, the other end of resistance R17 is grounded by red indicating light LD4, the of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R18
The other end of three control terminals, resistance R18 is grounded by red indicating light LD3, the 4th control of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R19
The other end at end processed, resistance R19 is grounded by red indicating light LD2, the 5th control of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R20
End, the other end of resistance R20 are grounded by green indicator light LD1.
Further, the collector of the cathode connecting triode Q3 of the fan, the emitter ground connection of triode Q3, three poles
The base stage of pipe Q3 passes through the 6th control terminal of resistance R42 connection single-chip microcontroller, and is grounded by resistance R43.
By above technical scheme, the invention has the benefit that
1. the present invention realizes whole intelligent pulse charging, battery pack is filled fast, and battery is not damaged, and internal battery pack temperature is permanent
Determine, battery not dehydration in charging process, not gassing；
2. intelligence is repaired: automatically selecting charge mode, repair vulcanization battery pack, promote battery capacity；
3. intelligent temperature compensates: according to environment temperature, providing a set of charge mode for being suitble to this temperature automatically, realize that summer fills not
Drum battery, what winter battery filled expires；
4. battery pack polarity is in reversal connection, triode Q5 power loss is not turned on, and relay K1 coil losing electricity is not attracted, yellow indicator lamp
The bright indicating battery group of LD6 is reversed, real-time 0 voltage output, anti-reverse, anti-short circuit；
5. high temperature protection: when charger internal temperature reaches certain value, intelligent protection charger is without output, when charger internal temperature
Degree lowers restarts charger operation again, prevents charger from damaging.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural block diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is main charging circuit schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is pulse charge control circuit of the invention, current detection circuit, voltage detecting circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is reference voltage-stabilizing circuit schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 5 is temperature sensing circuit schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 6 is pulse charge condition indication circuit schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 7 is fan control circuitry schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
For the present invention aforementioned and other technology contents, feature and effect, in following cooperation with reference to figures 1 through attached drawing 7
To in the detailed description of embodiment, can clearly present.The structure content being previously mentioned in following embodiment is with specification
Attached drawing is reference.
Each exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger, including main charging circuit and single-chip microcontroller, it further include arteries and veins
Rush charging control circuit, current detection circuit, voltage detecting circuit, reference voltage-stabilizing circuit, temperature sensing circuit and pulse charge
Condition indication circuit, the pulse signal output end of the input terminal connection single-chip microcontroller of pulse charge control circuit, pulse charge control
The output end of circuit connects the output end of main charging circuit, and the input terminal of current detection circuit connects pulse charge control circuit,
The current sense input of the output end connection single-chip microcontroller of current detection circuit, the input terminal of voltage detecting circuit connect main charging
The output end of circuit, voltage detecting circuit output end connection single-chip microcontroller voltage detecting input terminal, reference voltage-stabilizing circuit it is defeated
Enter end and connects main charging circuit, the feeder ear of the output end connection temperature sensing circuit of reference voltage-stabilizing circuit, temperature sensing circuit
Output end connection single-chip microcontroller temperature detection input terminal, the feeder ear of pulse charge condition indication circuit connects single-chip microcontroller.Make
Used time, single-chip microcontroller select model STM32F030F4 low-power consumption high stability energy singlechip chip, can produce pulses range
For 20Hz-1KHz.
As shown in Fig. 2, main charging circuit includes AC220V power supply, the firewire of AC220V power supply is connected by adjustable resistance ZR1
Connect the cathode of diode D2 and the anode of D4, the cathode of the zero curve connection diode D1 of AC220V power supply and the anode of D3, two poles
The plus earth of pipe D1, D2, the cathode of diode D3, D4 connect capacitor C1, C2, one end of resistance R1, R2 and transformer B1
First winding terminals 1, the other end ground connection of capacitor C1, the other end of resistance R1 connect diode D6, the cathode of voltage-stabiliser tube D5, electricity
Hold one end of C3 and the pin 7 of pulse width modulating chip U1, the anode of voltage-stabiliser tube D5 and the other end earth of capacitor C3, capacitor
The cathode of the other end connection diode D7 of C2, resistance R2, the first winding terminals 2 of the anode connection transformer B1 of diode D7
With the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, the anode of the grid connection diode D6 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and one end of resistance R3, R8, R9, resistance R3's
The other end connects the second winding terminals 3 of transformer B1, the second winding terminals 4 ground connection of transformer B1, the other end of resistance R8
The pin 6 of pulse width modulating chip U1, the source electrode of the other end connection metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 of resistance R9 and one end of resistance R7, R10 are connected,
The other end of resistance R10 is grounded, the pin 3 of the other end connection pulse width modulating chip U1 of resistance R7, pulse width modulating chip U1's
Pin 3 is also by resistance R6, R6*, capacitor C7 ground connection in parallel, and the pin 2,5 of pulse width modulating chip U1 is grounded, pulsewidth modulation core
The pin 8 of piece U1 connects one end of resistance R5, capacitor C6, the other end ground connection of capacitor C6, and the pin 4 of pulse width modulating chip U1 connects
The other end of connecting resistance R5, and be grounded by capacitor C5, the pin 1 of pulse width modulating chip U1 connects the pin of photoelectrical coupler U2
4, and by resistance R4, capacitor C26 ground connection in parallel, the pin 3 of photoelectrical coupler U2 is grounded.
Transformer B1 uses high permeability high frequency transformer magnetic core, and full copper enameled wire adds special technique for coiling, so that charging
Device delivery efficiency is higher, energy saving.The tertiary winding terminal 6 of transformer B1 passes through diode D9 connection capacitor C16, resistance
One end of R32, R27 and the pin 1 of photoelectrical coupler U2, one end of the other end connection capacitor C17 of resistance R32 and resistance R34
One end, the other end connection+12V power output end of resistance R34, the tertiary winding terminal 5 of transformer B1 and capacitor C16, C17
Other end earth, and be also connected with capacitor C8 between the terminal 4,5 of transformer B1, the other end of resistance R27 connects photoelectricity
The pin 2 of coupler U2, and by the pin 2 of one end of resistance R26 connection capacitor C14 and controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q6, controllably
The pin 1 of precision voltage regulator Q6 connects the other end of capacitor C14 and one end of capacitor C15, resistance R28, R28*, R30, controllable essence
The other end earth of the pin 3 of close source of stable pressure Q6 and capacitor C15, resistance R28, R28*, the other end of resistance R30 pass through electricity
One end, the cathode of diode D8 and one end of relay K1 normally opened contact of R31 connection capacitor C17, C18 are hindered, capacitor C17's is another
The 4th winding terminals 7 of one end and transformer B1 are grounded, and the other end of capacitor C18 passes through the sun of resistance R33 connection diode D8
4th winding terminals 8 of pole and transformer B1, the other end connection+48V power output end and resistance of relay K1 normally opened contact
One end of R35, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q5 of resistance R35 and one end of resistance R36, the emitter of triode Q5 with
The other end earth of resistance R36, triode Q5 collector connection diode D10 anode and relay K1 coil one
End, the cathode of diode D10 connect one end of resistance R34 and the anode of fan FAN with the other end of relay K1 coil.
As shown in figure 3, pulse charge control circuit includes resistance R37, the pulse letter of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R37
The collector of number output end, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q4 of resistance R37 and one end of resistance R38, triode Q4 connects
One end of connecting resistance R39, R40, the cathode of voltage-stabiliser tube D11 and metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 grid, the other end connection+48V electricity of resistance R39
Source output terminal, one end of the source electrode connection resistance R41 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7, the hair of the other end of resistance R38, R40, R41, triode Q4
The anode earth of emitter-base bandgap grading and voltage-stabiliser tube D11, one end and cathode charging end of the drain electrode connection resistance R21 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7, resistance
The anode of the other end connection yellow indicator lamp LD6 of R21, the cathode of yellow indicator lamp LD6 pass through diode D16 connection+48V electricity
Source output terminal.
Current detection circuit includes resistance R23, and the source electrode of one end connection metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 of resistance R23, resistance R23's is another
End connection resistance R23*, one end of capacitor C20 and the current sense input of single-chip microcontroller, the other end of resistance R23*, capacitor C20
Ground connection.
Voltage detecting circuit includes diode D12, the anode connection+48V power output end of diode D12, diode D12
Cathode resistance R25, one end of capacitor C21 and the voltage detecting input terminal of single-chip microcontroller, resistance are connected by resistance R24, R24*
The other end ground connection of R25, capacitor C21.
As shown in figure 4, reference voltage-stabilizing circuit includes decompression chip U3, the 3 connection+12V power supply of pin for being depressured chip U3 is defeated
The pin 1 of one end of outlet and capacitor C22, decompression chip U3 is grounded, 2 connection+3.3V power supply of the pin output of decompression chip U3
The one end at end and capacitor C19, the other end ground connection of capacitor C22, C19.
As shown in figure 5, temperature sensing circuit includes resistance R15 and thermistor NTC, one end connection+3.3V of resistance R15
Power output end, one end of the other end connection thermistor NTC of resistance R15 and the temperature detection input terminal of single-chip microcontroller, temperature-sensitive
The other end of resistance NTC is grounded.
As shown in fig. 6, pulse charge condition indication circuit includes resistance R16-R20, one end of resistance R16 connects single-chip microcontroller
The first control terminal, the other end of resistance R16 is grounded by red indicating light LD5, the of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R17
The other end of two control terminals, resistance R17 is grounded by red indicating light LD4, the third control of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R18
The other end at end processed, resistance R18 is grounded by red indicating light LD3, the 4th control of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R19
End, the other end of resistance R19 are grounded by red indicating light LD2, the 5th control terminal of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R20,
The other end of resistance R20 is grounded by green indicator light LD1.
As shown in fig. 7, the collector of the cathode connecting triode Q3 of fan, the emitter ground connection of triode Q3, triode
The base stage of Q3 passes through the 6th control terminal of resistance R42 connection single-chip microcontroller, and is grounded by resistance R43.
It is of the invention that the specific working principle is as follows:
The battery pack that access correct first needs to charge, i.e. the charging anode connection+48V power output end of battery pack, battery pack
Charging cathode connect cathode charging end, if battery pack error-polarity connection at this time, triode Q5 power loss is not turned on, relay K1 coil
Power loss is not attracted, and the bright indicating battery group of yellow indicator lamp LD6 is reversed, real-time 0 voltage output, anti-reverse, anti-short circuit.Then it connects
AC220V power supply, counnter attack contact relay K1 are attracted, and the green indicator light LD1 of single-chip microcontroller control at this time is bright, and single-chip microcontroller enters self-test in 3 seconds
State, single-chip microcontroller records an environment temperature at this time according to the output valve of temperature sensing circuit, according to environment temperature at this time
A set of suitable charge mode is provided, this mode is the control of single-chip microcontroller internal processes, and this will not be detailed here.
Charger starts to charge work after the completion of after self-test, and after pulse signal is exported by single-chip microcontroller, driving pulse controls MOS
Pipe Q7 conducting, is charged in a manner of pulse current to battery pack: the first stage is the quick charge of 1KHz high-frequency impulse, at this time monolithic
Machine controls 4 red indicating light LD2-LD5 and starts lamp-based flashing of quickly having a ride on a horse；When voltage detecting circuit detects battery voltage
Reach single cell voltage be 14V-14.5V when, single-chip microcontroller pulse signal switchs to the resonant pulses charging stage automatically, this frequency view
Depending on the difference of the internal resistance of cell, red indicating light LD2-LD5 starts low speed horse race lamp-based flashing；When single voltage of battery pack reaches
When 14.8V, constant voltage charging phase is initially entered, charging current is gradually reduced；When current detection circuit detects that charging current exists
When lower than 800mA, single-chip microcontroller is automatically into the 1S ultralow frequency pulse charge stage, green indicator light LD1 and red indicating light at this time
LD2 alternately flashes, and charging current value also can just float, this stage running time is 1 hour；Switch to trickle spike after 1 hour
Stage pulse, green indicator light LD1 is bright at this time, and single-chip microcontroller can export a very faint spike and give battery pack floating charging,
Battery pack charging at this time has been completed, but can keep floating charge state for a long time, plays the role of maintenance to battery pack.
In above-mentioned charging process, high-frequency impulse: being converted into pulse dynamic current for DC current, and being mainly shown as can be big
Electric current charging, shorten the charging time while without aggravate inside battery calorific value, prevent battery dehydration, thermal runaway.
Whole pulse is assisted in frequency conversion: charger during the charging process, changes according to the internal resistance of cell (voltage ascending curve when charging),
Determine battery state of cure (vulcanization), single-chip microcontroller exports different pulse frequencies automatically, so that the different crystalline solid being attached on pole plate are all
It can smash, achieve the purpose that eliminate vulcanization.
Ultralow frequency pulse: this process is an intermittent charge stage, in the interval that charging stops, capable of allowing internal battery pack
There is the sufficient electrochemical reaction time, therefore can largely reduce the gassing rate of lead-acid battery in charging process, promotes battery
Reception ability, allow battery to fill fuller.
Trickle spike: this stage is a maintenance to lead-acid battery, when long using small spike
Between tiny vulcanization crystalline solid some in battery pack are smashed one by one so that battery pack is chronically at a good state.
Temperature-compensating: first 3 seconds of booting every time, single-chip microcontroller can detect certainly environment temperature according to the output valve of temperature sensing circuit
Degree exports a set of charging procedure for being suitble to temperature at this time according to environment temperature, does not rouse to realize that summer battery fills, winter battery
That fills expires.
High temperature protection: thermistor NTC can provide charger internal temperature change to single-chip microcontroller in real time during the charging process
Parameter, if charger internal temperature is excessively high, charger can enter high temperature protection state, stop charging, the weight after temperature lowers
New starting charging, had both avoided the damage of charger, moreover it is possible to prevent safety accident in this way.
In conclusion the present invention be effectively ensured lead-acid batteries during the charging process not dehydration, do not generate heat, and have one
Fixed maintenance balancing battery function, can winter is fully charged, summer not overcharge, effective extension battery.
The above is that further detailed description of the invention, and it cannot be said that the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiment
Specific implementation is limited only to this；Belonging to the present invention and for those skilled in the technology concerned, it is being based on skill of the present invention
Under the premise of art scheme thinking, it is made expansion and operating method, data replacement, should all fall in the scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger, including main charging circuit and single-chip microcontroller, it is characterised in that: further include pulse
Charging control circuit, current detection circuit, voltage detecting circuit, reference voltage-stabilizing circuit, temperature sensing circuit and pulse charge shape
The input terminal of state indicating circuit, the pulse charge control circuit connects the pulse signal output end of the single-chip microcontroller, and pulse is filled
The output end of electric control circuit connects the output end of the main charging circuit, described in the input terminal connection of the current detection circuit
Pulse charge control circuit, the output end of current detection circuit connect the current sense input of the single-chip microcontroller, the voltage
The input terminal of detection circuit connects the output end of main charging circuit, and the output end of voltage detecting circuit connects the electricity of the single-chip microcontroller
Detection input is pressed, the input terminal of the reference voltage-stabilizing circuit connects main charging circuit, the output end connection of reference voltage-stabilizing circuit
The feeder ear of the temperature sensing circuit, the output end of temperature sensing circuit connect the temperature detection input terminal of the single-chip microcontroller,
The feeder ear of the pulse charge condition indication circuit connects single-chip microcontroller.
2. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the main charging circuit includes
The firewire of AC220V power supply, AC220V power supply passes through the cathode of adjustable resistance ZR1 connection diode D2 and the anode of D4, AC220V
The cathode of the zero curve connection diode D1 of power supply and the anode of D3, the plus earth of diode D1, D2, the yin of diode D3, D4
Pole connects capacitor C1, C2, one end of resistance R1, R2 and the first winding terminals 1 of transformer B1, and the other end of capacitor C1 is grounded,
Resistance R1 the other end connection diode D6, the cathode of voltage-stabiliser tube D5, one end of capacitor C3 and pulse width modulating chip U1 pin
The other end earth of the anode of 7, voltage-stabiliser tube D5 and capacitor C3, the other end connection diode D7 of capacitor C2, resistance R2
Cathode, the drain electrode of the first winding terminals 2 and metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 of the anode connection transformer B1 of diode D7, the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 connect
Connect the anode of diode D6 and one end of resistance R3, R8, R9, the second winding terminals of the other end connection transformer B1 of resistance R3
The second winding terminals 4 of 3, transformer B1 are grounded, the pin 6 of the other end connection pulse width modulating chip U1 of resistance R8, resistance R9
The other end connection metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 source electrode and resistance R7, R10 one end, resistance R10 the other end ground connection, resistance R7's is another
The pin 3 of end connection pulse width modulating chip U1, the pin 3 of pulse width modulating chip U1 also pass through resistance R6, R6* in parallel, capacitor
C7 ground connection, the pin 2,5 of pulse width modulating chip U1 are grounded, the pin 8 of pulse width modulating chip U1 connect resistance R5, capacitor C6 one
End, the other end ground connection of capacitor C6, the pin 4 of pulse width modulating chip U1 connects the other end of resistance R5, and is connect by capacitor C5
Ground, the pin 1 of pulse width modulating chip U1 connects the pin 4 of photoelectrical coupler U2, and is connect by resistance R4, capacitor C26 in parallel
The pin 3 on ground, photoelectrical coupler U2 is grounded.
3. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the third of the transformer B1
Winding terminals 6 pass through diode D9 connection capacitor C16, one end of resistance R32, R27 and the pin 1 of photoelectrical coupler U2, resistance
One end of the other end connection capacitor C17 of R32 and one end of resistance R34, the other end connection+12V power supply output of resistance R34
The other end earth of end, the tertiary winding terminal 5 of transformer B1 and capacitor C16, C17, and the terminal 4,5 of transformer B1 it
Between be also connected with capacitor C8, the pin 2 of the other end connection photoelectrical coupler U2 of resistance R27, and pass through resistance R26 connection capacitor
One end of C14 and the pin 2 of controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q6, the pin 1 of controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q6 connect the other end of capacitor C14
With one end of capacitor C15, resistance R28, R28*, R30, the pin 3 of controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q6 and capacitor C15, resistance R28,
The other end of the other end earth of R28*, resistance R30 passes through one end of resistance R31 connection capacitor C17, C18, diode D8
Cathode and relay K1 normally opened contact one end, the 4th winding terminals 7 of the other end of capacitor C17 and transformer B1 are grounded,
The other end of capacitor C18 passes through the anode of resistance R33 connection diode D8 and the 4th winding terminals 8 of transformer B1, relay
One end of the other end connection+48V power output end and resistance R35 of K1 normally opened contact, the other end connecting triode of resistance R35
The base stage of Q5 and one end of resistance R36, the emitter of triode Q5 and the other end earth of resistance R36, triode Q5's
Collector connects the anode of diode D10 and one end of relay K1 coil, cathode and the relay K1 coil of diode D10
The other end connects one end of resistance R34 and the anode of fan FAN.
4. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the pulse charge control electricity
Road includes resistance R37, and one end of resistance R37 connects the pulse signal output end of the single-chip microcontroller, the other end connection of resistance R37
The base stage of triode Q4 and one end of resistance R38, one end of collector connection resistance R39, R40 of triode Q4, voltage-stabiliser tube D11
Cathode and metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 grid, the other end connection+48V power output end of resistance R39, the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 connects resistance
One end of R41, the anode earth of the other end of resistance R38, R40, R41, the emitter of triode Q4 and voltage-stabiliser tube D11,
One end and cathode charging end of the drain electrode connection resistance R21 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7, the other end connection yellow indicator lamp LD6's of resistance R21
The cathode of anode, yellow indicator lamp LD6 passes through diode D16 connection+48V power output end.
5. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the current detection circuit packet
Resistance R23, the source electrode of one end connection metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 of resistance R23 are included, the other end of resistance R23 connects resistance R23*, capacitor C20
One end and single-chip microcontroller current sense input, resistance R23*, capacitor C20 the other end ground connection.
6. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the voltage detecting circuit packet
Diode D12 is included, the cathode of the anode connection+48V power output end of diode D12, diode D12 passes through resistance R24, R24*
Connect resistance R25, one end of capacitor C21 and the voltage detecting input terminal of single-chip microcontroller, another termination of resistance R25, capacitor C21
Ground.
7. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the reference voltage-stabilizing circuit packet
Decompression chip U3 is included, one end of the pin 3 connection+12V power output end and capacitor C22 of chip U3 is depressured, decompression chip U3's
Pin 1 is grounded, and is depressured one end of the pin 2 connection+3.3V power output end and capacitor C19 of chip U3, capacitor C22, C19's is another
One end ground connection.
8. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the temperature sensing circuit packet
Resistance R15 and thermistor NTC are included, the other end of one end connection+3.3V power output end of resistance R15, resistance R15 connects heat
One end of quick resistance NTC and the temperature detection input terminal of single-chip microcontroller, the other end ground connection of thermistor NTC.
9. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the pulse charge state refers to
Show that circuit includes resistance R16-R20, one end of resistance R16 connects the first control terminal of single-chip microcontroller, and the other end of resistance R16 passes through
Red indicating light LD5 ground connection, the second control terminal of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R17, the other end of resistance R17 pass through red
Indicator light LD4 ground connection, the third control terminal of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R18, the other end of resistance R18 pass through red instruction
Lamp LD3 ground connection, the 4th control terminal of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R19, the other end of resistance R19 pass through red indicating light
LD2 ground connection, the 5th control terminal of one end connection single-chip microcontroller of resistance R20, the other end of resistance R20 pass through green indicator light LD1
Ground connection.
10. lead-acid batteries intelligent charger according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the cathode of the fan connects
The collector of triode Q3, the emitter ground connection of triode Q3 are connect, the base stage of triode Q3 passes through resistance R42 connection single-chip microcontroller
6th control terminal, and be grounded by resistance R43.
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| CN201910320788.7A CN110011377A (en) | 2019-04-20 | 2019-04-20 | A kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger |
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| CN201910320788.7A CN110011377A (en) | 2019-04-20 | 2019-04-20 | A kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113258637A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 浙江法然特浙科科技有限公司 | Control system of high-performance pulse type charger |
| CN113352909A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江法然特浙科科技有限公司 | Control system and method of hybrid universal charger |
| CN113394013A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-14 | 周龙珍 | Intelligent voltage transformer |
| CN116073497A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-05-05 | 深圳市凌康技术有限公司 | Battery charging circuit and battery charging method |
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| CN209709713U (en) * | 2019-04-20 | 2019-11-29 | 河南品志高新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lead-acid batteries intelligent charger |
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| CN113352909A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江法然特浙科科技有限公司 | Control system and method of hybrid universal charger |
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| CN116073497B (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-10-20 | 深圳市凌康技术有限公司 | Battery charging circuit and battery charging method |
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