CN1100103C - 反应型中性松香胶 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种抄纸用的反应型中性松香胶,它具有如下通式:式中R为C6~C18正构或异构烷基、苯基,Y为O或NH,X为带有一个以上不饱和键的二酸酐。该反应型中性施胶剂能在中性及碱性条件下对纸浆及纸页进行施胶,施胶率高,基本不用铝盐,同时成本低、对应用条件波动不敏感,易生物降解、污染少。
Description
本发明涉及造纸中添加到纸浆的非纤维性材料,特别是抄纸用的施胶剂。
长期以来造纸工业应用的施胶剂主要是以松香经皂化或直接乳化制成施胶剂乳液,以硫酸铝作为胶料留着剂,将松香分子以络合配位的形式结合于纤维表面。由于应用时须在酸性条件下(PH4.5~5.5)进行,因此会产生如下不良后果,a使纸页呈酸性、易水解、脆化,贮存寿命变短;b不能应用质优价廉的碱性填料;c大量涂布类废纸无法回用;d抄纸白水污染环境又腐蚀设备。于是国际造纸工业由酸性抄纸向中性抄纸转化。有人以松香为原料制备中性施胶剂如阳离子松香胶、松香酯类施胶剂等。但都属于非反应型的施胶剂,仍需应用铝盐等留着剂将施胶剂固着于纤维上,不能成为中性施胶剂的主流产品。后来人们发明出不以松香为原料的中性施胶剂如在美国专利US2,627,477中公开了一种中性施胶剂即烷基烯酮二聚体(简称AKD),又在美国专利US,3,102,064中公开了另一种中性施胶剂即烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)。这两种中性施胶剂均为反应型胶剂,在纸页的抄纸过程中与纤维素的羟基反应形成酯键结合,与传统的酸性松香胶相比具有施胶效率高,能在中性、碱性条件下应用等优点。但不足之处是成本昂贵,应用条件较苛刻;施胶后纸页摩擦系数降低,难以生物降解。
本发明的目的在于提供一种成本低、对应用条件波动不敏感、易生物降解的可在中性及碱性条件下对纸浆及纸页进行施胶的在抄纸条件下与纤维素纤维产生化学键结合的以松香为基本原料的反应型中性松香胶。
本发明的目的可通过以下措施来实现:
一种抄纸用的反应型中性松香胶,其特征在于:它具有如下通式:
式中:R为C6~C18正构或异构烷基、苯基
Y为O或NH
X为带有一个以上不饱和键的二酸酐的二价基团。
上述反应型中性松香胶的制备方法,其特征在于:
①反应物的摩尔比为:松香∶醇或酰化剂∶加成反应物=1∶1~4∶0.2~1.5,松香与催化剂的重量比为1∶0~2.0%,②酯化或酰化的温度为90~320℃,时间为1.5~14小时,③加成反应的温度为120~220℃,时间为1~6小时,④反应在氮气中进行。
最好反应物的摩尔比为:松香∶醇或酰化剂∶加成反应物=1∶1.1~1.6∶0.5~1.0,松香与催化剂的重量比为1∶0.5%~1.0%。酯化或酰化的温度为130~260℃,时间为6~10小时。加成反应的温度为160~200℃,时间为2~4小时。
式中:R为C6~C18正构或异构烷基、苯基
Y为O或NH
X为带有一个以上不饱和键的二酸酐的二价基团。
由于具有该通式的物质R、Y、X基团不同,物化性质也有很大差异。通常产物为淡黄色至棕黄色粘稠液体,熔点在-14~6℃,沸点在200~300℃。
本发明产物的制备是由两步反应来实现的。第一步为酯化或酰化反应。①酯化反应是松香与醇类的反应,其适用的醇为具有C6~C18的正构或异构烷基的醇类;②酰化反应是松香与酰化剂如胺类及异氰酸酸类的反应,其适用的胺和异氰酸酯为具有C6~C18的正构或异构烷基、苯基的胺类和异氰酸酯类。在上述反应中松香与醇或酰化剂的用量有如下比例关系,即松香∶醇或酰化剂=1∶1~4(摩尔比),最好是1∶1.1~1.6(摩尔比)。上述酯化或酰化反应可以是松香直接与醇或酰化剂反应,也可以是在催化剂存在的条件下进行,其所用的催化剂有质子酸如硫酸、盐酸、磷酸,还有路易士酸如氧化锌、氯化锌、硫酸锌、醋酸锌还有三氯化磷、三氯化铝以及对甲苯磺酸等。催化剂的用量与松香有如下比例关系,即松香∶催化剂=1∶0~2.0%(重量比),最好是1∶0.5~1.0%(重量比)。该酯化或酰化反应一般在90~320℃温度下进行,最好在130~260℃温度下进行。反应所需要的时间一般用1.5~14小时,最好用6~10小时。第二步为加成反应,即将酯化或酰化得到的产物与带有一个以上不饱和键的二酸酐进行反应,该二酸酐可以是顺甲基丁烯二酸酐、四氢苯二酸酐、顺丁烯二酸酐、亚甲基丁烯二酸酐、十二烯基丁二酸酐等。在该加成反应中作为反应物的二酸酐与松香用量有如下比例关系,即松香∶二酸酐=1∶0.2~1.5(摩尔比),最好是1∶0.5~1.0(摩尔比)。该加成反应一般在120~220℃温度下进行,最好是在160~200℃温度下进行。反应所需要的时间一般在1~6小时,最好在2~4小时。
本发明产品外观为淡黄色至棕黄色粘稠液体,或膏状物,采用核磁共振氢谱(H′NMR)、质谱(MS)及红外光谱(IR)检测,确定该物质即为本发明新产品。
本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点:
1、与传统的松香胶相比,施胶效率高,基本不用铝盐、减少污染,可在中性及碱性条件下应用。
2、与ASA、AKD等反应型施胶剂相比,成本仅为上述施胶剂的1/6~1/2,且施胶效果与之相近。对应用条件适应性强,可方便地由酸性松香施胶系统进行中性施胶转化。
例1
在备有搅拌器的反应容器中加入60.4份松香和0.12份氧化锌。向反应容器内通入氮气。加热反应容器,使松香逐渐熔融,待松香全部熔融后向反应容器内加入48.4份十二醇,控制反应温度在220~260℃,经过6小时后降温至120℃,向上述产物中再加入20份顺丁烯二酸酐,控制反应温度在120~140℃,经过3.5小时后得到外观为淡黄色的粘状液体,该终产物的转化率为73%,其熔点为-6~-4℃,沸点260℃。产物提纯后用Finnigan MAT 3121 SS200质谱分析,操作条件为:加速电压3KV,电离电压70eV,扫描范围45~500Amu,离子源温度200℃,所得分析数据为:586(M+,32)553(7),541(26),526(10),470(100),453(10),354(34),339(47),302(13),255(88),187(28),173(29)121(17)。产物又经FX90QJEOL核磁共振仪分析,操作条件是TMS内标,CCl4溶液,所得分析数据为:0.60(3H),0.86(3H),0.90~0.92(3H),1.02(6H),1.14~1.25(20H),1.50~1.70(10H),3.0~3.1(2H),3.95~4.10(2H),5.5(1H),经质谱(MS)和核磁共振氢谱(HNMR)检测确证主产物的结构式为:
将上述产物加入乳化剂,制备成10%乳液。施胶条件为:亚硫酸氢镁法漂白苇浆(45°SR),胶用量1.0%(对绝干浆)硫酸铝用量1.0%(对绝干浆)。聚丙烯酰胺用量0.1%(对绝干浆),在PH值7.0~8.0下施胶,纸页施胶度2.0mm(划线法)。在PH8.5~9.0下施胶,施胶度1.75mm,在PH4.5~5.5下施胶,施胶度2.0mm。同样施胶条件下,应用ASA施胶,相应施胶度为2.0mm、2.0mm、1.0mm。
例2
重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份、十六胺77.1份、催化剂三氯化磷0.6份。酰化反应温度260~290℃,反应时间8小时,加成反应的反应物为顺丁烯二酸酐,其用量为29.4份。加成反应温度180~200℃,反应时间3小时,终产物的转化率为68%,外观为黄色膏状物,熔点19~23℃,沸点290~294℃,质谱(MS)分析数据为:623(M+,16),608(6),580(17),597(32),525(100),257(90),239(46),213(40),187(9),113(11),105(14)。核磁共振氢谱(H′NMR)分析数据:0.90(3H),0.86(3H),0.90~0.93(3H),1.04(6H)1.12~1.20(10H),1.22~1.25(2H),3.20~3.30(2H),5.5(1H)。经检测确认主产物的结构式为:CH3CONHC16H33 例3重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份、十八醇59.4份、催化剂氧化锌0.6份。酯化反应温度240~270℃,反应时间8小时。加成反应的反应物为顺丁烯二酸酐,其用量为10.0份。加成反应温度160~180℃,反应时间2.5小时。终产物的转化率为70%,外观为淡黄色粘稠液体,熔点4~6℃,沸点280~284℃,质谱(MS)分析数据为:652(M+,24),609(9),580(8),526(86),509(9),410(43),395(40),339(51),302(16),255(83),239(92),213(17),187(30),173(23)。核磁共振氢谱(H′NMR)分析数据:0.60(3H),0.86(3H),1.02(6H),1.14~1.20(12H),1.22~1.25(32H),3.01~3.10(2H),3.95~4.10(2H),5.5(1H),经检测确认主产物的结构式为:
重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份,十八氯代烷86.4份,酰化反应温度90~120℃,反应时间1.5小时。加成反应的反应物为顺丁烯二酸酐,其用量为13.7份。加成反应温度200~220℃;反应时间3小时。经产物的转化率为74%,其外观、熔点、沸点,质谱(MS)分析数据、核磁共振氢谱(HNMR)分析数据及主产品的结构式与例3相同。
例5
重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份,正己醇163.2份,催化剂磷酸1.2份。酯化反应温度130~160℃,反应时间8小时,加成反应的反应物为亚甲基丁烯二酸酐,其用量为5.0份。加成反应温度140~160℃,反应时间1.0小时。终产物的转化率为72%,其外观为淡黄色液体,熔点-12℃,沸点168~170℃。质谱(MS)分析数据:498(M+,46)483(6),426(7),386(19),257(90),242(63),239(18),147(16),121(24),105(17)。用Perkin-Elmer FTIR-1700红外光谱(KBr压片)分析数据为:ν(cm-1):1690(-COOH)消失,1725
蜂出现,1862,1781(
)出现,2855,2926烷烃出现。经检测确认主产物的结构式为:
例6
重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份,苯乙醇95.2份,催化剂对甲苯磺酸0.12份。酯化反应温度190~210℃,反应时间12小时。加成反应的反应物为顺甲基于烯二酸酐,其用量11.2份。加成反应温度180~200℃,反应时间3小时。终产物的转化率69%,其外观为黄褐色粘状液体,熔点0~2℃,沸点212~214℃,质谱(MS)分析数据,528(M+,43),400(31),372(20),328(19),302(21),257(100),241(60),149(80),121(86),105(100)。经检测确认生产物的结构式为:
例7
重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份,仲辛醇104份,催化剂氯化锌0.3份。酯化反应温度150~180℃,反应时间14小时。加成反应的反应物为亚甲基丁烯二酸酐,其用量为22.4份。加成反应温度160~180℃,反应时间4小时。终产物的转化率为69%,外观为淡黄色液体,熔点-8~-10℃,沸点186~190℃。质谱(MS)分析数据为:528(M+,43),400(31),372(20),328(19),302(21),257(100),241(60),149(80),121(86),105(100)。红外光谱(IR)分析数据:ν(cm-1):1690(-COOH)峰消失,1725(
)出现,1860,
将上述产物用于亚硫酸盐漂白苇浆(45°SR)施胶条件为:纸页定量80克/m2,胶用量0.5%(对绝干浆),施胶PH值7.0~8.0,阳高子淀粉用量1.0%(对绝干浆)。聚丙烯酰胺用量0.05%(对绝干浆),纸页施胶度1.0mm,若施胶PH值5.0~6.0,纸页施胶度1.0mm。
例8
重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份,十八胺59.2份,催化剂三氯化磷0.6份。酰化反应温度290~320℃,反应时间8小时。加成反应的反应物为十二烯基丁二酸酐,其用量为42.6份。加成反应温度140~160℃,反应时间6小时。终产物的转化率为67%,其外观为黄色硬膏状体,熔点40~42℃,沸点302~306℃。核磁共振氢谱(HNMR)分析数据:0.60(3H),0.86(3H),0.90~0.92(3H),1.04(6H),1.12~1.18(10H),1.20~1.25(40H),3.0~3.15(2H),3.20~3.30(2H),5.5(1H),红外光谱(IR)分析数据,ν(cm-1):3460,3390,1700;1865,1780,1210(
)2920,2836,725,(-CH2-);1370,1380
;1685,1075(环骨架),经检测确认主产物的结构式为:
其中R1与R2碳数目之和为12
将上述产物加入乳化剂制备成10%乳液。施胶条件为:亚硫酸氢镁法漂白苇浆80%,杨木CTMP漂白浆20%,(混合浆52°SR),胶用量0.5%(对绝干浆),阳离子淀粉用量1.0%,聚丙烯酰胺用量0.1%(均对绝干浆)。施胶PH值7.5~8.5,纸页施胶度1.25mm(划线法)同样条件下,应用ASA施胶,施胶度为1.0mm。
例9
重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份,正已胺20.5份,催化剂三氯化铝0.48份。酰化反应温度120~140℃,反应时间4小时。加成反应的反应物为顺甲基丁烯二酸酐,其用量为11.3份。加成反应温度140~160℃,反应时间4小时。终产物的转化率为71%,其外观为黄色液体,熔点-16℃,沸点140~144℃。质谱(MS)分析数据:497(M+,26),470(9),426(17),397(14),385(90),342(26),302(7),257(49),239(21),213(32),105(20)。红外光谱(IR)分析数据:ν(cm-1):1690(-COOH)消失,3420(
)出现,1860,1760(
)出现。经检测确认该主产物的结构式为:
例10
重复例1的操作,其中松香60.4份,异氰酸苯酯96份。酰化反应温度120~140℃,反应时间3小时,加成反应的反应物为四氢苯二甲酸酐,其用量为30份。加成反应温度160~180℃,反应时间2.5小时。终产物的转化率为74%,其外观为黄褐色液体,熔点-4~-2℃,沸点140~142℃。质谱(MS)分析数据:530(M,17),459(19),437(31),409(28),257(70),214(14),193(18),149(84),121(46),104(71)。红外光谱(IR)分析数据:ν(cm-1):3342,1700;1248,1780,1865(
);1600,1500(ph-NH-CO)。经检测确认该主产物的结构式为:
将上述产物用于烧碱法麦草浆施胶,施胶条件为:纸页定量80克/m2,胶用量0.5%(对绝干浆)施胶PH值7.0~7.5,两性聚丙烯酰胺用量0.2%(对绝干浆),纸页施胶度1.25mm。同样施胶条件,采用ASA施胶,纸页施胶度1.25mm。
注:实施例的投料量均为重量份数。
Claims (5)
2、权利要求1所述的反应型中性松香胶的制备方法,其特征在于:
①反应物的摩尔比为松香∶醇或酰化剂∶加成反应物=1∶1~4∶0.2~1.5,松香与催化剂的重量比为1∶0~2.0%,②酯化或酰化的温度为90~320℃,时间为1.5~14小时,③加成反应的温度为120~220℃,时间为1~6小时,④反应在氮气中进行,其中加成反应物为带有一个以上不饱和键的二酸酐。
3、根据权利要求2所述的反应型中性松香胶的制备方法,其特征在于:反应物的摩尔比为松香∶醇或酰化剂∶加成反应物=1∶1.1~1.6∶0.5~1.0,松香与催化剂的重量比为1∶0.5%~1.0%。
4、根据权利要求3所述的反应型中性松香胶的制备方法,其特征在于:酯化或酰化的温度为130~260℃,时间为6~10小时。
5、根据权利要求4所述的反应型中性松香胶的制备方法,其特征在于:加成反应的温度为160~200℃,时间为2~4小时。
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