CN110006790B - Cartilage permeability measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Cartilage permeability measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110006790B CN110006790B CN201910279999.0A CN201910279999A CN110006790B CN 110006790 B CN110006790 B CN 110006790B CN 201910279999 A CN201910279999 A CN 201910279999A CN 110006790 B CN110006790 B CN 110006790B
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- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 201000008482 osteoarthritis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000012659 Joint disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000055008 Matrilin Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010072582 Matrilin Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001188 articular cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000915 pathological change Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036285 pathological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036262 stenosis Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cartilage permeability measuring device which is made of X-ray permeable materials and comprises a device main body, a porous pressure head, an upper pressurizing piece and a lower pressurizing piece; the sample chamber of the device main body is used for containing cartilage samples, and the upper chamber of the device main body is communicated with the sample chamber through a circular opening; the porous pressure head is a cylinder with the diameter consistent with that of the opening, a plurality of gaps penetrating through the bottom surface are formed in the side wall, the porous pressure head is nested in the opening and can move freely, the upper end of the porous pressure head stretches into the upper cavity, and the lower end of the porous pressure head stretches into the specimen chamber; the upper pressurizing piece is positioned in the upper cavity of the device main body, can move downwards to contact the upper end of the porous pressure head, and synchronously moves by extruding the porous pressure head; the lower pressurizing member is located in the lower chamber of the apparatus main body, and fixes the specimen bottom end by moving up and down. A method of measuring cartilage permeability is also provided. The device and the method can realize cartilage compression deformation and monitor the distribution process of the contrast agent in the cartilage, thereby obtaining the cartilage permeability result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cartilage permeability measurement device and method based on CT or micro CT, in particular to a device and method which are matched with CT for use and can circularly compress cartilage for permeability measurement, and belongs to the technical field of novel medical and scientific research detection instruments.
Background
Osteoarthritis is one of the clinical common joint diseases of orthopaedics, and is commonly influenced by a plurality of factors such as biology, mechanics, genetic genes and the like, and is mainly characterized by cartilage degeneration, matrix component reduction, joint gap stenosis, subchondral bone hardening and remodeling and the like. As the aging of the social population increases, the incidence of osteoarthritis increases year by year, and the health of humans has been seriously affected. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted around the mechanism of occurrence and the progress of the lesions of osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis, since the transmission of substances inside cartilage is inevitably affected due to changes in the important components of cartilage matrix and collagen arrangement, cartilage permeability becomes an important index for revealing the progress of osteoarthritis. Studies have shown that in early osteoarthritis, changes in cartilage permeability are more intuitive and pronounced than pathological changes in the matrix.
Currently, there are many methods for measuring cartilage permeability, mainly including contrast agent enhanced CT scanning, magnetic resonance delay enhanced imaging, fluorescent tracing, osmolarity measurement, and the like. The above measurement methods have advantages and disadvantages in practical measurement applications, and are mostly focused on a "measurement after soaking" mode, and the variable conditions are single. In the physiological structure of the joint, the cartilage bears the functions of uniformly transmitting load and buffering vibration, so that the measurement of the cartilage permeability needs to take mechanical factors into consideration, and the process of bearing dynamic load by the cartilage is simulated as much as possible so as to obtain more comprehensive cartilage permeability parameters. The traditional mechanical loading device limits the use of the loading module in the CT cabin body due to the use of metal parts, and can not realize synchronous regulation and control of tissue sample loading and CT scanning in the process of contrast agent permeation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cartilage permeability measuring device and a cartilage permeability measuring method, which can realize cartilage compression deformation and monitor the distribution process of contrast agent in cartilage so as to obtain cartilage permeability results.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A cartilage permeability measuring device is made of X-ray permeable materials and comprises a device main body, a porous pressure head, an upper pressurizing piece and a lower pressurizing piece; the device main body comprises an upper chamber, a specimen chamber and a lower chamber from top to bottom, wherein the specimen chamber is used for containing cartilage specimens, and the upper chamber is communicated with the specimen chamber through a circular opening; the porous pressure head is a cylinder with the diameter consistent with that of the opening, a plurality of gaps penetrating through the bottom surface are formed in the side wall, the porous pressure head is nested in the opening and can move freely, the upper end of the porous pressure head stretches into the upper cavity, and the lower end of the porous pressure head stretches into the specimen chamber; the upper pressurizing piece is positioned in the upper cavity of the device main body, can move downwards to contact the upper end of the porous pressure head, and synchronously moves by extruding the porous pressure head; the lower pressurizing member is located in the lower chamber of the apparatus main body, and fixes the specimen bottom end by moving up and down.
Further, the material is any one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene and polyether ether ketone.
Further, the inner side walls of the upper cavity and the lower cavity are provided with threads, the side walls of the upper pressure piece and the lower pressure piece are provided with matched threads, the upper pressure piece and the lower pressure piece are movably connected in the upper cavity and the lower cavity through threaded fit, and the positions of the upper pressure piece and the lower pressure piece are adjusted through rotation.
Further, the upper end face of the device main body is provided with scale marks encircling the port of the upper chamber and used for marking the rotating angle of the upper pressurizing piece.
Further, the upper chamber contains a contrast injection port.
The cartilage permeability measuring method adopts the cartilage permeability measuring device and comprises the following steps:
placing the cartilage specimen in a specimen chamber, moving an upper pressing piece to abut against the porous pressing head so that the lower end of the porous pressing head contacts the cartilage surface, and simultaneously moving a lower pressing piece to fix the bottom of the specimen;
Injecting a contrast agent into the upper chamber such that the contrast agent fills the pores of the porous multi-pressure head and contacts the cartilage surface;
Regulating the upper pressurizing piece to move downwards, extruding the porous pressure head to move downwards so as to compress the cartilage surface, regulating the upper pressurizing piece to move upwards again so as to recover the cartilage deformation, and reciprocating in this way so as to realize the cyclic compression deformation of the cartilage;
And (3) placing the cartilage permeability measurement into a CT machine for scanning to obtain contrast agent distribution images of the cartilage in different deformation states, determining the maintenance time of compression deformation according to the scanning time interval, realizing synchronous operation of cartilage compression deformation and CT scanning, and carrying out gray level-contrast agent content analysis on a CT image sequence according to a standard curve to obtain cartilage permeability parameters.
Further, the contrast agent is one of an anionic contrast agent, a cationic contrast agent and a neutral contrast agent.
Further, the CT machine is a medical clinical CT or a scientific research microscopic CT.
Further, the upper pressurizing piece is in threaded connection with the upper cavity of the device main body, the upper pressurizing piece is rotated to a certain angle to enable the porous pressure head to be pressed downwards to compress the cartilage surface, and the upper pressurizing piece is reversely rotated to the original position again to recover cartilage deformation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The device is combined with CT, can observe the diffusion process of the contrast agent in the cartilage deformation state in real time, and considers the mechanical factors to be more in line with the physiological state of the articular cartilage; dynamic and static deformation with different degrees can be applied to the cartilage, so that the acquisition of the permeation parameters is more comprehensive; the pressurizing device can penetrate X rays and can directly perform clinical CT or micro CT scanning; according to the correlation between the image gray level and the contrast agent content, the diffusion distribution condition of the contrast agent is directly calculated by a cartilage CT image, so that cartilage permeability parameters including the contrast agent content, the permeability rate and the permeability coefficient of different depths are obtained; the device has simple structure and measuring method, low processing cost and high reliability, can detect various soft tissue specimens, biological materials and other permeable materials, and has wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the cartilage permeability measurement device of the example (left panel) and an X-ray diagram after contrast agent (right panel).
In the figure: 1-upper pressurizing piece, 2-device main body, 3-porous pressure head, 4-contrast agent, 5-specimen chamber and 6-lower pressurizing piece.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of cartilage permeability measurement using the cartilage permeability measurement apparatus of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The embodiment specifically provides a cartilage permeability measuring device, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1, and the device comprises a device main body 2, a porous pressure head 3, an upper pressure piece 1 and a lower pressure piece 6; the device main body 2 comprises an upper chamber, a sample chamber 5 and a lower chamber from top to bottom, wherein the sample chamber 5 is used for containing cartilage samples, the upper chamber is communicated with the sample chamber 5 through a circular opening, and the upper end surface of the device main body 2 is provided with scale marks encircling the port of the upper chamber and used for marking the rotating angle of the upper pressurizing piece 1; the porous pressure head 3 is a cylinder with the diameter consistent with that of the opening, a plurality of gaps penetrating through the bottom surface are formed in the side wall, the porous pressure head 3 is nested in the opening and can move freely, the upper end of the porous pressure head is penetrated into the upper cavity, and the lower end of the porous pressure head is penetrated into the specimen chamber 5; the upper pressing piece 1 is positioned in an upper chamber of the device main body 2, is connected with the device main body 2 through threads, can move downwards through rotation to contact the upper end of the porous pressing head 3, and synchronously moves through extrusion of the porous pressing head 3; the lower pressurizing member 6 is located in the lower chamber of the apparatus main body 2, is screwed to the apparatus main body 2, and moves up and down by rotation to fix the specimen bottom end. The device is made of an X-ray transparent material which may be any one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene, polyetheretherketone. The upper chamber contains a contrast agent 4 injection port (not shown) through which contrast agent 4 is injected. The device applies compression deformation of different degrees to cartilage, obtains a distribution image of contrast agent in the cartilage by CT scanning, and obtains cartilage permeability parameters through image analysis. The device is reliable, the operation is simple, and the cartilage permeability under different compression modes can be measured.
The cartilage permeability measuring device is used for realizing the cartilage permeability measuring method provided by the invention, and for further explanation of the method, three application examples are listed below, and the whole process is shown in fig. 2.
Application example one: cartilage permeability in natural osmotic state
1. The osteochondral column specimen is fixedly arranged in the specimen chamber, the lower pressing piece is rotated to prop against the lower end of the specimen to fix the specimen, the edge of the cartilage surface is ensured to be in close contact with the sleeve of the main body, and only the cartilage surface of the central part is exposed. And placing the porous pressure head into the opening, enabling the bottom surface to contact the cartilage surface of the specimen, injecting a contrast agent, enabling the upper pressurizing piece to rotationally contact the porous pressure head, and ensuring that the porous pressure head is slightly contacted with the cartilage surface without applying excessive load.
2. The whole device is placed in a CT scanning cavity to scan at intervals of 0min, 30min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 5 hr and 7 hr.
3. And carrying out gray level-contrast agent content related conversion on the scanned pictures at each time point to obtain contrast agent content variation values in the specific region, and calculating to obtain permeability parameters.
Application example two: cartilage permeability in sustained compression
1. The osteochondral column specimen is fixedly arranged in the specimen chamber, the lower pressing piece is rotated to prop against the lower end of the specimen to fix the specimen, the edge of the cartilage surface is ensured to be in close contact with the sleeve of the main body, and only the cartilage surface of the central part is exposed. The porous pressure head is placed into the opening, the bottom surface is contacted with the cartilage surface of the specimen, contrast agent is injected, and the upper pressurizing piece rotates for a certain angle according to the scale marks, so that the porous pressure head is extruded, the exposed cartilage surface is subjected to compression deformation, the upper pressurizing piece is kept motionless, and the compression deformation of the cartilage is maintained.
2. The whole device is placed in a CT scanning cavity to scan at intervals of 0min, 30min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 5 hr and 7 hr.
3. And carrying out gray level-contrast agent content related conversion on the scanned pictures at each time point to obtain contrast agent content variation values in the specific region, and calculating to obtain permeability parameters.
Application example three: circulating pressurized osmosis
1. The osteochondral column specimen is fixedly arranged in the specimen chamber, the lower pressing piece is rotated to prop against the lower end of the specimen to fix the specimen, the edge of the cartilage surface is ensured to be in close contact with the sleeve of the main body, and only the cartilage surface of the central part is exposed. The porous pressure head is placed into the opening, the bottom surface is contacted with the cartilage surface of the specimen, contrast agent is injected, and the upper pressurizing piece rotates for a certain angle according to the scale marks, so that the porous pressure head is extruded, the exposed cartilage surface is subjected to compression deformation, the upper pressurizing piece is kept motionless, and the compression deformation of the cartilage is maintained.
2. The whole device is placed into a CT scanning cavity for scanning, after 30 minutes, the whole placing position of the device is kept unchanged, the upper pressurizing piece is reversely rotated, the porous pressure head is separated from the cartilage surface, the compression deformation of the cartilage is disappeared, the cartilage surface is restored to the original height, and at the moment, the CT scanning is performed again; after 30 minutes, screwing the pressurizing piece to a certain angle again to enable the cartilage surface to be compressed and deformed, and performing CT scanning at the moment; repeatedly screwing and releasing for 6-8 times, and CT scanning each time
3. And performing CT value-contrast agent content related conversion on the scanned pictures at each time point to obtain contrast agent content distribution values in a specific region, summarizing all time point data to obtain contrast agent contents at different times and specific depths, and further calculating parameters such as the obtainable permeability, the permeability coefficient and the like.
The method has simple data processing, the CT value of the image is directly converted into the contrast agent content value according to the standard curve, and no redundant intermediate variable is introduced, so that the requirement of the device on the real-time measurement of the permeability can be met, and the permeability data can be rapidly and accurately acquired. Based on the above, specific results can be obtained according to the permeability and the permeability coefficient calculation formula.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cartilage permeability measuring device is characterized by being made of an X-ray permeable material and comprising a device main body, a porous pressure head, an upper pressurizing piece and a lower pressurizing piece; the device main body comprises an upper chamber, a sample chamber and a lower chamber from top to bottom, wherein the sample chamber is used for containing cartilage samples, the upper chamber and the sample chamber are communicated through a circular opening, and the upper chamber comprises a contrast medium injection hole; the upper end face of the device main body is provided with scale marks encircling the port of the upper chamber and used for marking the rotating angle of the upper pressurizing piece; the porous pressure head is a cylinder with the diameter consistent with that of the opening, a plurality of gaps penetrating through the bottom surface are formed in the side wall, the porous pressure head is nested in the opening and can move freely, the upper end of the porous pressure head stretches into the upper cavity, and the lower end of the porous pressure head stretches into the specimen chamber; the upper pressurizing piece is positioned in the upper cavity of the device main body, can move downwards to contact the upper end of the porous pressure head, and synchronously moves by extruding the porous pressure head; the lower pressurizing member is located in the lower chamber of the apparatus main body, and fixes the specimen bottom end by moving up and down.
2. A cartilage permeability measurement device as defined in claim 1, wherein said material is any one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene, polyetheretherketone.
3. The cartilage permeability measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inner side walls of the upper and lower chambers are provided with screw threads, the side walls of the upper and lower pressure members are provided with screw threads adapted to movably connect the upper and lower pressure members to the upper and lower chambers by screw-fitting, and the positions of the upper and lower pressure members are adjusted by rotation.
4. A method of measuring cartilage permeability using the cartilage permeability measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
placing the cartilage specimen in a specimen chamber, moving an upper pressing piece to abut against the porous pressing head so that the lower end of the porous pressing head contacts the cartilage surface, and simultaneously moving a lower pressing piece to fix the bottom of the specimen;
Injecting a contrast agent into the upper chamber such that the contrast agent fills the pores of the porous ram and contacts the cartilage surface;
Regulating the upper pressurizing piece to move downwards, extruding the porous pressure head to move downwards so as to compress the cartilage surface, regulating the upper pressurizing piece to move upwards again so as to recover the cartilage deformation, and reciprocating in this way so as to realize the cyclic compression deformation of the cartilage;
And (3) placing the cartilage permeability measurement into a CT machine for scanning to obtain contrast agent distribution images of the cartilage in different deformation states, determining the maintenance time of compression deformation according to the scanning time interval, realizing synchronous operation of cartilage compression deformation and CT scanning, and carrying out gray level-contrast agent content analysis on a CT image sequence according to a standard curve to obtain cartilage permeability parameters.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the contrast agent is one of an anionic contrast agent, a cationic contrast agent, and a neutral contrast agent.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the CT machine is a clinical CT or a scientific microscopic CT.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the upper pressurizing member is screwed into the upper chamber of the device body, the porous pressure head is pressed down by the upper pressurizing member to compress the cartilage surface by rotating the upper pressurizing member to a certain angle, and the upper pressurizing member is reversely rotated again to the original position to restore the cartilage deformation.
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