CN110004963B - Deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system and deviation rectifying method for sinking process of sinking well - Google Patents
Deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system and deviation rectifying method for sinking process of sinking well Download PDFInfo
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- CN110004963B CN110004963B CN201910312808.6A CN201910312808A CN110004963B CN 110004963 B CN110004963 B CN 110004963B CN 201910312808 A CN201910312808 A CN 201910312808A CN 110004963 B CN110004963 B CN 110004963B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
- E02D23/14—Decreasing the skin friction while lowering
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D35/00—Straightening, lifting, or lowering of foundation structures or of constructions erected on foundations
Abstract
The invention discloses a deviation correcting and preventing alarm system in the whole sinking process of a sunk well, which comprises a jacking and rectifying mechanism, wherein more than three groups of jacking and rectifying mechanisms are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of a section of a well bore to be sunk, the jacking and rectifying mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a jacking iron connected with an extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder, an embedding groove is formed in the jacking surface of the jacking iron, a tetrafluoro plate rubber support is embedded in the embedding groove, the shape of the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support is matched with the outer surface of the section of the well bore to be sunk, and the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support is used for being in sliding fit with the outer surface of the section of the well bore to be sunk. The invention also discloses a sinking correction method of the sinking correction alarm system of the sinking whole process of the sinking well. The invention can realize timely deviation correction in the whole sinking process of the shaft, has high deviation correction efficiency, does not need excavation deviation correction, does not need deviation correction after the deviation is to a large extent, is convenient and efficient, consumes less labor and has lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction, in particular to a sinking technology of a sinking well.
Background
The open caisson construction is completed by utilizing the dead weight of a prefabricated reinforced concrete well body and manually or mechanically digging soil in the well to be matched with the well body for sinking. The body of an open caisson is made up of one or more wellbore sections, which are submerged one at a time. Sinking a shaft section when the depth of the open caisson is smaller; when the depth of the open caisson is large, a plurality of shaft sections need to be sunk to form the complete open caisson.
The construction of the open caisson method ensures the relative stability of soil around the well body, but also has certain quality risks, such as stopping sinking of the well body, deflection of the well body, sinking stall, excessive sinking and the like in the open caisson process. Well body deflection is a common problem in open caisson construction in the sinking process, countermeasures in the prior art are post correction, and after the well body deflection is found, over-excavation correction is carried out on the deflection side. The existing deviation correction belongs to passive deviation correction, has limited deviation correction effect, and ensures that the successful probability of returning the well body to the vertical direction is not great. The traditional deviation rectifying method is that the deviation is rectified only after the deviation degree of the shaft is high, the deviation rectifying is difficult, and the deviation rectifying cost is high.
The tetrafluoro plate rubber support is widely applied to bridges, is horizontally arranged and is used for supporting a superstructure. The tetrafluoro plate rubber support is set horizontally according to the specification of the industry standard of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge and culvert design (JTGD 62-2004). When determining the open caisson construction scheme, the person skilled in the art cannot find the need to horizontally arrange the tetrafluoro plate rubber support, so that the tetrafluoro plate rubber support never appears in open caisson construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system for the sinking whole process of a sinking well, which has high deviation rectifying efficiency and low deviation rectifying cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system for the sinking process of the sinking well comprises a jacking deviation rectifying mechanism, wherein more than three groups of jacking deviation rectifying mechanisms are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of a section of a well to be sunk, and each jacking deviation rectifying mechanism is directly supported on the ground after excavation of the periphery of the sinking well barrel or supported on the ground after excavation of the periphery of the section of the well to be sunk through a bracket;
each jacking deviation correcting mechanism is lower than the target height L meters of the open caisson wellhead in the vertical direction; the height of the section of the well drum to be sunk is H meters, and L/H is less than or equal to one third and more than or equal to one sixth;
each group of jacking deviation correcting mechanisms are identical in structure and comprise a hydraulic cylinder and a jacking iron connected with an extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder, one surface of the jacking iron adjacent to the section of the sunk well cylinder is a jacking surface, an embedded groove is formed in the jacking surface of the jacking iron, a tetrafluoro plate rubber support is embedded in the embedded groove, one surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support, which is matched with the section of the sunk well cylinder, is a jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support, the shape of the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support is matched with the outer surface of the section of the sunk well cylinder, and the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support is used for being in sliding fit with the outer surface of the section of the sunk well cylinder.
Each jacking deviation correcting mechanism further comprises a sizing block, and the sizing block is connected with the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder; the sizing blocks of the jacking deviation correcting mechanisms are connected together through annular brackets.
A film pressure sensor is arranged between the tetrafluoro plate rubber support and the bottom of the caulking groove, a connecting seat is arranged on the side surface of the top iron, a distance sensor is arranged on the connecting seat, and the distance sensor faces to the axial direction of the section of the sinking well cylinder to be sunk; the distance between the distance sensor and the axis of the section of the open caisson to be sunk is larger than the distance between the top iron pressing surface and the axis of the section of the open caisson to be sunk;
the device also comprises an electric control device, wherein the distance sensor and the film pressure sensor are connected with the electric control device through connecting lines, and the electric control device is connected with a display screen and an audible and visual alarm.
L/H is equal to two-fifths.
The invention also discloses a sinking deviation rectifying method of the sinking whole process deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system of the sinking well, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, measuring and paying off the construction position of the open caisson;
the second step is to set up the jacking deviation correcting mechanism; four groups of jacking deviation correcting mechanisms are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the construction position of the open caisson; ensuring that L/H is less than or equal to one third and greater than or equal to one sixth corresponding to the target location of the wellbore section to be submerged;
the third step is sinking the section of the cylinder section of the open caisson to be sunk; the pressing force between the pressing surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support and the outer wall of the shaft, which is detected by each film pressure sensor, is N1, N2, N3 and N4, and the units of N1, N2, N3 and N4 are cattle or kg; the average top pressure NP= (N1+N2+N3+N4)/4 of the top pressure surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support and the outer wall of the shaft, and the units of NP are the same as the units of N1;
when the sinking of the shaft begins, the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support in each jacking deviation correcting mechanism is in tight fit with the outer wall of the shaft, the pressing force between the jacking surface and the outer wall of the shaft is the preset pressure, the position of the shaft is regulated, the actual axis of the shaft is basically coincident with the axis when the shaft is at the preset target position, so that the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP are all smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75;
performing pressure alarming and adjusting operation in the sinking process of the shaft;
the pressure alarming and adjusting operation is as follows: the outer wall of the shaft is in jacking sliding fit with the jacking surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support; the electric control device detects the values of the film pressure sensors in real time, obtains specific values of N1, N2, N3 and N4, and calculates the value of NP; when the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP are all less than or equal to 2 and more than or equal to 0.5, keeping the sinking state unchanged; when any one of the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP is more than 2 or less than 0.5, the electric control device controls the audible and visual alarm to give out audible and visual alarm, and the staff adjusts each hydraulic cylinder;
in the pressure alarming and adjusting operation, the method for adjusting each hydraulic cylinder by the staff is as follows: n1/np=a; n2/np=b; n3/np=c; n4/np=d; a. the values b, c and d correspond to the hydraulic cylinders of the jacking deviation correcting mechanism where the corresponding film pressure sensors are located respectively, and the value larger than NP in the values a, b, c and d is a pressure approaching value; controlling the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to each pressure approach value to extend inwards and push the shaft; the extension principle of the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder is as follows: the pressure approaching values are compared with each other, and the extending length of the extending rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the larger pressure approaching value is larger than that of the extending rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the smaller pressure approaching value;
the staff continuously adjusts each hydraulic cylinder until the values of a, b, c and d displayed by the display screen are all smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75, and then the extending rods of each hydraulic cylinder are controlled to synchronously recover, so that NP is recovered to a preset pressure; then stopping adjusting each hydraulic cylinder, and continuing normal sinking operation;
the third step is continued until the open caisson is submerged in place.
In the sinking process of the shaft, the pressure alarming and adjusting operation is carried out, and meanwhile, the distance alarming and adjusting operation is carried out;
in the third step, each distance sensor detects the distance between the distance sensor and the outer wall of the shaft, the distance detected by each distance sensor is L1, L2, L3 and L4, and the units of L1, L2, L3 and L4 are all millimeter; average distance lp= (l1+l2+l3+l4)/4 between each distance sensor and the outer wall of the wellbore, the unit of LP is the same as L1;
at the beginning of the sinking of the well bore, maintaining values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP to be less than or equal to 1.3 and greater than or equal to 0.75 while maintaining values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP to be less than or equal to 1.3 and greater than or equal to 0.75;
in the sinking process of the shaft, the distance alarming and adjusting operation is as follows: the outer wall of the shaft is in jacking sliding fit with the jacking surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support; the electric control device detects the values of each distance sensor in real time, obtains specific values of L1, L2, L3 and L4, and calculates the value of LP; when the values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP are all smaller than or equal to 2 and larger than or equal to 0.5, keeping the sinking state unchanged; when any one of the values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP is more than 2 or less than 0.5, the electric control device controls the audible and visual alarm to give out audible and visual alarm, and the staff adjusts each hydraulic cylinder;
in the distance alarming and adjusting operation, the method for adjusting each hydraulic cylinder by the staff is as follows: l1/lp=e; l2/lp=f; L3/LP = g; l4/lp=h; e. f, g and h correspond to the hydraulic cylinders of the jacking deviation correcting mechanism where the corresponding distance sensors are located respectively; e. among the four values f, g and h, the value greater than LP is a distance approach value; controlling the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to each distance approach value to extend inwards and push the shaft; the extension principle of the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder is as follows: the distance approaching values are compared with each other, and the extending length of the extending rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the larger distance approaching value is larger than that of the extending rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the smaller distance approaching value;
the staff continuously adjusts each hydraulic cylinder until the values of e, f, g and h displayed by the display screen are smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75, and then the extending rods of each hydraulic cylinder are controlled to synchronously recover, so that NP is recovered to a preset pressure; and then stopping adjusting each hydraulic cylinder, and continuing normal sinking operation.
The pressure alarming and adjusting operation and the distance alarming and adjusting operation are active deviation correcting operation; the active deviation correcting operation is carried out, and meanwhile, the passive deviation correcting operation is carried out;
the passive deviation rectifying operation is as follows:
when the axis of the submerged shaft section is not deflected, the axis is vertical to the horizontal plane; when the section of the sinking well barrel deflects in the sinking process, the included angle between the axis of the section of the sinking well barrel and the horizontal line forms an obtuse angle and an acute angle in the vertical plane where the axis of the section of the sinking well barrel is positioned; and (3) performing overexcavation on soil outside the section of the open caisson at the acute angle side, so that the supporting force of the section of the open caisson at the acute angle side is reduced, and the section of the open caisson is subjected to passive deviation correction under the action of gravity.
The deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system for the sinking whole process of the sinking well has a simple structure, can timely rectify the sinking whole process of the shaft, has high rectification efficiency, does not need to excavate and rectify the sinking well, does not need to rectify the sinking well after the sinking whole process of the shaft is deviated to a large extent, is convenient and efficient, consumes less labor and has lower cost.
The invention creatively uses the tetrafluoro plate rubber support, vertically arranges the tetrafluoro plate rubber support which can only be used as horizontal bearing later, and is used as a compressing and sliding matching structure for sinking of a shaft, thereby creating preconditions for deviation correction and adjustment in the sinking process.
When the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends inwards to press against the outer wall of the section of the wellbore to be sunk, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder and the sizing block are necessarily subjected to an outward reaction force, which may cause displacement of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder.
The sizing blocks of the jacking deviation correcting mechanisms are connected together through the annular support, so that the reaction force born by each hydraulic cylinder can be applied to the annular support through the sizing blocks and offset each other on the annular support, the stability of the jacking deviation correcting mechanisms is greatly enhanced, and the hydraulic cylinders are prevented from being displaced during deviation correction.
The distance between the distance sensor and the axis of the section of the sunk well cylinder to be sunk is larger than the distance between the jacking surface of the top iron and the axis of the section of the sunk well cylinder to be sunk, so that the safety in use of the distance sensor is ensured even if the tetrafluoro plate rubber support is pressed and deformed in the process of jacking the section of the sunk well cylinder to be sunk well cylinder.
If the L/H value is too large, the construction efficiency is reduced because the construction amount is increased by too deep excavation when the space for installing the jacking deviation correcting mechanism is excavated. If the value of L/H is too small, a larger offset may occur at the bottom end of the submerged wellbore section even if the offset of the submerged wellbore section at the top pressure deviation correcting mechanism is small.
L/H is less than or equal to one third and more than or equal to one sixth, so that the engineering quantity is not excessively increased, the bottom end of the sinking shaft section is prevented from being greatly deviated, and the deviation rectifying effect is ensured.
The sinking deviation correcting method of the sinking well is simple and efficient, the deviation phenomenon of the shaft section can be timely found in the sinking process of the shaft section through the pressure and the distance, and after audible and visual alarm, a worker can timely control the hydraulic cylinders of all the jacking deviation correcting mechanisms to effectively correct the deviation. The setting of the alarm condition can not only give an alarm in time and prevent deviation correction difficulty caused by too late alarm, but also avoid too frequent adjustment, and take into account the requirements of efficient construction and timely deviation correction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a deviation correcting and preventing alarm system in the whole sinking process of a sinking well;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a deviation correcting and preventing alarm system in the whole sinking process of a sinking well;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is an electrical schematic of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the deviation-correcting and preventing alarm system in the whole sinking process of the sinking well comprises a jacking deviation-correcting mechanism 2, wherein more than three groups of jacking deviation-correcting mechanisms 2 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of a section 1 of the sinking well cylinder, and each jacking deviation-correcting mechanism 2 is directly supported on the ground after the peripheral excavation of the section 1 of the sinking well cylinder or supported on the ground after the peripheral excavation of the section 1 of the sinking well through a bracket;
each jacking deviation correcting mechanism 2 is lower than the target height (i.e. the height of the well head of the sinking shaft 1 when sinking to a preset position) L meters of the well head of the sunk well in the vertical direction; the height of the section 1 of the sinking well cylinder is H meters, and L/H is less than or equal to one third and more than or equal to one sixth;
each group of jacking deviation correcting mechanisms 2 are identical in structure and comprise a hydraulic cylinder 3 and a jacking iron 4 connected with an extending rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3, one surface, adjacent to the section 1 of the sunk well cylinder, of the jacking iron 4 is a jacking surface, an embedded groove is formed in the jacking surface of the jacking iron 4, a tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 is embedded in the embedded groove, one surface, matched with the section 1 of the sunk well cylinder, of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 is a jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5, the shape of the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 is matched with the outer surface of the section 1 of the sunk well cylinder, and the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 is used for being in sliding fit with the outer surface of the section 1 of the sunk well cylinder. In this embodiment, the well bore 1 is a cylinder, so that the pressing surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 in fig. 1 and 3 is a curved surface; when the shaft is square, the top surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 is plane.
Each jacking deviation correcting mechanism 2 further comprises a sizing block 6, and the sizing block 6 is connected with the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 3; the sizing blocks 6 of the jacking deviation correcting mechanisms 2 are connected together through annular brackets 7.
The ring support 7 may be made of i-steel. The ring support 7 can be embedded on the pit wall of the foundation pit around the periphery of the open caisson to be constructed, so that the ring support 7 can be used as the support of each hydraulic cylinder more firmly and cannot displace. When the periphery of the open caisson to be constructed is not provided with a foundation pit, the annular support is downwards provided with I-steel as a support of the annular support.
Taking the direction pointing to the axis of the section 1 of the sunk well cylinder to be sunk as an inward direction and the reverse direction as an outward direction; when the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 extends inwards to press against the outer wall of the section 1 of the open caisson to be lowered, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 3 and the sizing block 6 are necessarily subjected to an outward reaction force, which may cause displacement of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 3.
The sizing blocks 6 of the jacking deviation correcting mechanisms 2 are connected together through the annular support 7, so that the reaction force born by the hydraulic cylinders 3 can be applied to the annular support 7 through the sizing blocks 6 and offset each other on the annular support 7, the stability of the jacking deviation correcting mechanisms 2 is greatly enhanced, and the hydraulic cylinders 3 are prevented from displacement during deviation correction.
A film pressure sensor 8 is arranged between the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 and the bottom of the caulking groove, a connecting seat 9 is arranged on the side surface of the top iron 4, a distance sensor 10 is arranged on the connecting seat 9, and the distance sensor 10 faces to the axis of the section 1 of the sinking well cylinder to be sunk; the distance between the distance sensor 10 and the axis of the section 1 of the open caisson to be sunk is larger than the distance between the top pressing surface of the top iron 4 and the axis of the section 1 of the open caisson to be sunk;
the device also comprises an electric control device 11, wherein the distance sensor 10 and the film pressure sensor 8 are connected with the electric control device 11 through connecting lines, and the electric control device 11 is connected with a display screen 12 and an audible and visual alarm 13.
In operation, the detection values of the respective film pressure sensors 8 and the distance sensor 10 are displayed on the display screen 12.
The connection line of the film pressure sensor 8 needs to pass through the top iron 4 and then be connected with the electric control device 11. The connection line is passed through various stress structures as in the prior art, and the specific passage of the connection line through the top iron 4 is not shown.
The distance between the distance sensor 10 and the axis of the section 1 of the sunk well is larger than the distance between the jacking surface of the top iron 4 and the axis of the section 1 of the sunk well, so that the section 1 of the sunk well cannot necessarily contact with the distance sensor 10 (but is blocked by the top iron 4) even if the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 is deformed due to the pressure in the process of jacking the section 1 of the sunk well by the hydraulic cylinder 3, and the use safety of the distance sensor 10 is ensured.
If the L/H value is too large, the construction efficiency is reduced because the construction amount is increased by too deep excavation when the space for installing the jacking deviation correcting mechanism 2 is excavated. If the value of L/H is too small, a larger offset may occur at the bottom end of the submerged wellbore section even if the offset of the submerged wellbore section 1 at the top pressure deviation correcting mechanism 2 is small.
L/H is less than or equal to one third and more than or equal to one sixth, so that the engineering quantity is not excessively increased, the bottom end of the sinking shaft section is prevented from being greatly deviated, and the deviation rectifying effect is ensured. The preferred value of L/H is two-fifths.
The invention also discloses a sinking deviation rectifying method of the sinking whole process deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system of the sinking well, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, measuring and paying off the construction position of the open caisson;
the second step is to set up the jacking deviation correcting mechanism 2; four groups of jacking deviation correcting mechanisms 2 are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the construction position of the open caisson; ensuring that L/H is less than or equal to one third and more than or equal to one sixth corresponding to the target position of the section 1 of the sunk well cylinder;
the third step is sinking the section 1 of the open caisson to be sunk; the pressing force between the pressing surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 and the outer wall of the shaft 1 detected by each film pressure sensor 8 is N1, N2, N3 and N4, and the units of N1, N2, N3 and N4 are cattle or kg; the unit of the average jacking pressure NP= (N1+N2+N3+N4)/4 of the jacking surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 and the outer wall of the shaft 1 is the same as that of N1;
when the well bore 1 begins to sink, the top pressing surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5 in each top pressing deviation correcting mechanism 2 is in pressing fit with the outer wall of the well bore 1, the pressing force between the top pressing surface and the outer wall of the well bore 1 is the preset pressure, the position of the well bore 1 is regulated, the actual axis of the well bore 1 is basically coincident with the axis when the well bore 1 is at the preset target position, so that the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP are all smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75;
the pressure alarming and adjusting operation is carried out in the sinking process of the shaft 1;
the pressure alarming and adjusting operation is as follows: the outer wall of the shaft 1 is in jacking sliding fit with the jacking surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5; the electric control device 11 detects the value of each film pressure sensor 8 in real time, obtains the specific values of N1, N2, N3 and N4, and calculates the value of NP; when the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP are all less than or equal to 2 and more than or equal to 0.5, keeping the sinking state unchanged; when any one of the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP is more than 2 or less than 0.5, the electric control device 11 controls the audible and visual alarm 13 to give out audible and visual alarm, and the staff adjusts each hydraulic cylinder 3;
in the pressure alarming and adjusting operation, the method for adjusting each hydraulic cylinder 3 by the staff is as follows: n1/np=a; n2/np=b; n3/np=c; n4/np=d; a. the values b, c and d correspond to the values of the hydraulic cylinders 3, a, b, c and d of the jacking deviation correcting mechanism 2 where the corresponding film pressure sensor 8 is positioned respectively, and the value larger than NP is a pressure approaching value; the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 corresponding to each pressure approach value is controlled to extend inwards (namely towards the axis of the cylinder body) and push the shaft 1; the principle of extension of the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is: the pressure approaching values are compared with each other, and the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 corresponding to the larger pressure approaching value extends longer than the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 corresponding to the smaller pressure approaching value; the pressure detected by the diaphragm pressure sensor 8 is large because the wellbore 1 is inclined; when the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 extends, the pressure detected by the film pressure sensor 8 increases; when the well bore 1 is restored to its normal state, the pressure against the tetrafluoro plate rubber bearing 5 naturally decreases.
The staff continuously adjusts each hydraulic cylinder 3 until the values of a, b, c and d displayed by the display screen 12 are smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75, and then controls the extending rods 14 of each hydraulic cylinder 3 to synchronously recover, so that NP is recovered to a preset pressure; then stopping adjusting each hydraulic cylinder 3, and continuing normal sinking operation;
the third step is continued until the open caisson is submerged in place.
In the sinking process of the shaft 1, the distance alarming and adjusting operation is carried out while the pressure alarming and adjusting operation is carried out;
in the third step, each distance sensor 10 detects the distance between itself and the outer wall of the wellbore 1, the distances detected by each distance sensor 10 are L1, L2, L3 and L4, and the units of L1, L2, L3 and L4 are all millimeters; average distance lp= (l1+l2+l3+l4)/4 between each distance sensor 10 and the outer wall of the wellbore 1, the unit of LP is the same as L1;
at the beginning of sinking of the well bore 1, maintaining values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP to be 1.3 or more and 0.75 or more while maintaining values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP to be 1.3 or less and 0.75 or more;
in the sinking process of the shaft 1, the distance alarming and adjusting operation is as follows: the outer wall of the shaft 1 is in jacking sliding fit with the jacking surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support 5; the electric control device 11 detects the values of the distance sensors 10 in real time, obtains specific values of L1, L2, L3 and L4, and calculates the value of LP; when the values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP are all smaller than or equal to 2 and larger than or equal to 0.5, keeping the sinking state unchanged; when any one of the values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP is more than 2 or less than 0.5, the electric control device 11 controls the audible and visual alarm 13 to give out audible and visual alarm, and the staff adjusts each hydraulic cylinder 3;
in the distance alarming and adjusting operation, the method for adjusting each hydraulic cylinder 3 by the staff is as follows: l1/lp=e; l2/lp=f; L3/LP = g; l4/lp=h; e. the four values f, g and h correspond to the hydraulic cylinders 3 of the jacking deviation correcting mechanism 2 where the corresponding distance sensors 10 are positioned respectively; e. among the four values f, g and h, the value greater than LP is a distance approach value; the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 corresponding to each distance approach value is controlled to extend inwards (namely towards the axis of the cylinder body) and push the shaft 1; the principle of extension of the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is: the distance approaching values are compared with each other, and the length of the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 corresponding to the larger distance approaching value is larger than the length of the extension rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 corresponding to the smaller distance approaching value;
the staff continuously adjusts each hydraulic cylinder 3 until the values of e, f, g and h displayed by the display screen 12 are smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75, and then controls the extending rods 14 of each hydraulic cylinder 3 to synchronously recover, so that NP is recovered to a preset pressure; then, the adjustment of each hydraulic cylinder 3 is stopped, and the normal sinking operation is continued.
The pressure alarming and adjusting operation and the distance alarming and adjusting operation are active deviation correcting operation; the active deviation correcting operation is carried out, and meanwhile, the passive deviation correcting operation is carried out;
the passive deviation rectifying operation is as follows:
when the axis of the submerged shaft section is not deflected, the axis is vertical to the horizontal plane; when the section of the sinking well barrel deflects in the sinking process, the included angle between the axis of the section of the sinking well barrel and the horizontal line forms an obtuse angle and an acute angle in the vertical plane where the axis of the section of the sinking well barrel is positioned; and (3) performing overexcavation on soil outside the section of the open caisson at the acute angle side, so that the supporting force of the section of the open caisson at the acute angle side is reduced, and the section of the open caisson is subjected to passive deviation correction under the action of gravity.
The passive deviation correcting operation is used for assisting the active deviation correcting operation, so that a better deviation correcting effect can be achieved.
When the well body of the open caisson is composed of a plurality of shaft sections, repeating the sinking deviation correcting method of the open caisson, and completing the whole sinking construction of the open caisson after all the shaft sections to be sunk are sunk.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be encompassed by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. Deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system for sinking whole process of sinking well, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a jacking deviation correcting mechanism, wherein more than three groups of jacking deviation correcting mechanisms are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of a shaft section to be sunk, and each jacking deviation correcting mechanism is directly supported on the ground after excavation of the periphery of the sunk shaft section or supported on the ground after excavation of the periphery of the shaft section to be sunk through a bracket;
each jacking deviation correcting mechanism is lower than the target height L meters of the open caisson wellhead in the vertical direction; the height of the section of the well drum to be sunk is H meters, and L/H is less than or equal to one third and more than or equal to one sixth;
each group of jacking deviation correcting mechanisms have the same structure and comprise a hydraulic cylinder and a jacking iron connected with an extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder, wherein one surface of the jacking iron adjacent to the section of the open caisson section is a jacking surface, a caulking groove is formed in the jacking surface of the jacking iron, a tetrafluoro plate rubber support is embedded in the caulking groove, one surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support matched with the section of the open caisson section is a jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support, the shape of the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support is matched with the outer surface of the section of the open caisson section, and the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support is used for being in sliding fit with the outer surface of the section of the open caisson section;
each jacking deviation correcting mechanism further comprises a sizing block, and the sizing block is connected with the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder; the sizing blocks of the jacking deviation correcting mechanisms are connected together through annular brackets;
a film pressure sensor is arranged between the tetrafluoro plate rubber support and the bottom of the caulking groove, a connecting seat is arranged on the side surface of the top iron, a distance sensor is arranged on the connecting seat, and the distance sensor faces to the axial direction of the section of the sinking well cylinder to be sunk; the distance between the distance sensor and the axis of the section of the open caisson to be sunk is larger than the distance between the top iron pressing surface and the axis of the section of the open caisson to be sunk;
the device also comprises an electric control device, wherein the distance sensor and the film pressure sensor are connected with the electric control device through connecting lines, and the electric control device is connected with a display screen and an audible and visual alarm.
2. A sinking deviation rectifying method of a sinking whole process deviation rectifying and preventing alarm system of a sinking well, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, measuring and paying off the construction position of the open caisson;
the second step is to set up the jacking deviation correcting mechanism; four groups of jacking deviation correcting mechanisms are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the construction position of the open caisson; ensuring that L/H is less than or equal to one third and greater than or equal to one sixth corresponding to the target location of the wellbore section to be submerged;
the third step is sinking the section of the cylinder section of the open caisson to be sunk; the pressing force between the pressing surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support and the outer wall of the shaft, which is detected by each film pressure sensor, is N1, N2, N3 and N4, and the units of N1, N2, N3 and N4 are cattle or kg; the average top pressure NP= (N1+N2+N3+N4)/4 of the top pressure surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support and the outer wall of the shaft, and the units of NP are the same as the units of N1;
when the sinking of the shaft begins, the jacking surface of the tetrafluoro plate rubber support in each jacking deviation correcting mechanism is in tight fit with the outer wall of the shaft, the pressing force between the jacking surface and the outer wall of the shaft is the preset pressure, the position of the shaft is regulated, the actual axis of the shaft is basically coincident with the axis when the shaft is at the preset target position, so that the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP are all smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75;
performing pressure alarming and adjusting operation in the sinking process of the shaft;
the pressure alarming and adjusting operation is as follows: the outer wall of the shaft is in jacking sliding fit with the jacking surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support; the electric control device detects the values of the film pressure sensors in real time, obtains specific values of N1, N2, N3 and N4, and calculates the value of NP; when the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP are all less than or equal to 2 and more than or equal to 0.5, keeping the sinking state unchanged; when any one of the values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP is more than 2 or less than 0.5, the electric control device controls the audible and visual alarm to give out audible and visual alarm, and the staff adjusts each hydraulic cylinder;
in the pressure alarming and adjusting operation, the method for adjusting each hydraulic cylinder by the staff is as follows: n1/np=a; n2/np=b; n3/np=c; n4/np=d; a. the values b, c and d correspond to the hydraulic cylinders of the jacking deviation correcting mechanism where the corresponding film pressure sensors are located respectively, and the value larger than NP in the values a, b, c and d is a pressure approaching value; controlling the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to each pressure approach value to extend inwards and push the shaft; the extension principle of the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder is as follows: the pressure approaching values are compared with each other, and the extending length of the extending rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the larger pressure approaching value is larger than that of the extending rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the smaller pressure approaching value;
the staff continuously adjusts each hydraulic cylinder until the values of a, b, c and d displayed by the display screen are all smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75, and then the extending rods of each hydraulic cylinder are controlled to synchronously recover, so that NP is recovered to a preset pressure; then stopping adjusting each hydraulic cylinder, and continuing normal sinking operation;
the third step is continued until the open caisson is submerged in place.
3. The method for correcting the sinking of the open caisson according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the sinking process of the shaft, the pressure alarming and adjusting operation is carried out, and meanwhile, the distance alarming and adjusting operation is carried out;
in the third step, each distance sensor detects the distance between the distance sensor and the outer wall of the shaft, the distance detected by each distance sensor is L1, L2, L3 and L4, and the units of L1, L2, L3 and L4 are all millimeter; average distance lp= (l1+l2+l3+l4)/4 between each distance sensor and the outer wall of the wellbore, the unit of LP is the same as L1;
at the beginning of the sinking of the well bore, maintaining values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP to be less than or equal to 1.3 and greater than or equal to 0.75 while maintaining values of N1/NP, N2/NP, N3/NP and N4/NP to be less than or equal to 1.3 and greater than or equal to 0.75;
in the sinking process of the shaft, the distance alarming and adjusting operation is as follows: the outer wall of the shaft is in jacking sliding fit with the jacking surface of each tetrafluoro plate rubber support; the electric control device detects the values of each distance sensor in real time, obtains specific values of L1, L2, L3 and L4, and calculates the value of LP; when the values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP are all smaller than or equal to 2 and larger than or equal to 0.5, keeping the sinking state unchanged; when any one of the values of L1/LP, L2/LP, L3/LP and L4/LP is more than 2 or less than 0.5, the electric control device controls the audible and visual alarm to give out audible and visual alarm, and the staff adjusts each hydraulic cylinder;
in the distance alarming and adjusting operation, the method for adjusting each hydraulic cylinder by the staff is as follows: l1/lp=e; l2/lp=f; L3/LP = g; l4/lp=h; e. f, g and h correspond to the hydraulic cylinders of the jacking deviation correcting mechanism where the corresponding distance sensors are located respectively; e. among the four values f, g and h, the value greater than LP is a distance approach value; controlling the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to each distance approach value to extend inwards and push the shaft; the extension principle of the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder is as follows: the distance approaching values are compared with each other, and the extending length of the extending rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the larger distance approaching value is larger than that of the extending rod of the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the smaller distance approaching value;
the staff continuously adjusts each hydraulic cylinder until the values of e, f, g and h displayed by the display screen are smaller than or equal to 1.3 and larger than or equal to 0.75, and then the extending rods of each hydraulic cylinder are controlled to synchronously recover, so that NP is recovered to a preset pressure; and then stopping adjusting each hydraulic cylinder, and continuing normal sinking operation.
4. A method of correcting a sinking in a caisson according to claim 3, wherein: the pressure alarming and adjusting operation and the distance alarming and adjusting operation are active deviation correcting operation; the active deviation correcting operation is carried out, and meanwhile, the passive deviation correcting operation is carried out;
the passive deviation rectifying operation is as follows:
when the axis of the submerged shaft section is not deflected, the axis is vertical to the horizontal plane; when the section of the sinking well barrel deflects in the sinking process, the included angle between the axis of the section of the sinking well barrel and the horizontal line forms an obtuse angle and an acute angle in the vertical plane where the axis of the section of the sinking well barrel is positioned; and (3) performing overexcavation on soil outside the section of the open caisson at the acute angle side, so that the supporting force of the section of the open caisson at the acute angle side is reduced, and the section of the open caisson is subjected to passive deviation correction under the action of gravity.
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| CN111456066B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-08-03 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Self-correcting open caisson and correcting method thereof |
| CN111851506A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-10-30 | 江西基业科技集团有限公司 | Construction method of self-sinking type deep foundation pit retaining wall structure and underground space structure |
| CN112267481B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-02-18 | 郑州大学 | Steel cofferdam lowering construction method |
| CN113585315B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-10-21 | 宁波市政工程建设集团股份有限公司 | Sinking well with adjustable sinking frictional resistance |
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