CN110004300A - The method for producing Antaciron as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash - Google Patents

The method for producing Antaciron as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash Download PDF

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CN110004300A
CN110004300A CN201910403084.6A CN201910403084A CN110004300A CN 110004300 A CN110004300 A CN 110004300A CN 201910403084 A CN201910403084 A CN 201910403084A CN 110004300 A CN110004300 A CN 110004300A
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aluminium
alloy
raw material
ash
carbon block
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CN110004300B (en
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罗洪杰
王耀武
吴林丽
高国磊
曲杨
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Northeastern University China
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Northeastern University China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/04—Chlorides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/02—Obtaining aluminium with reducing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The present invention provides the methods for producing Antaciron as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, using Quadratic aluminum dust as raw material, using waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell carbon block as reducing agent, the aluminium content in raw material is adjusted by additive of flyash, adjusts the silicone content in raw material by additive of diatomite waste residue, material of the high temperature reduction based on aluminium oxide and silica and then prepares certain ingredients AL-Si-Fe alloy in electric arc furnaces；Using plasma flame stream conveying powder material, reaction temperature can be improved by heated material, the reduction of accelerated oxidation object and the volatilization of fluoride, the decomposition of cyanide in the decomposition and waste cathode carbon block of aluminum nitride in aluminum ash is especially realized during high temperature reduction, and in material fluoride, chloride and alkali metal volatilization and recycling, strengthen the high-temperature reaction process of entire electric arc furnace smelting, improves production efficiency.The comprehensive utilization of a variety of dangerous wastes, solid waste is realized in the same technique.

Description

The method for producing Antaciron as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrometallurgy fields, more particularly to one kind to produce ferrosilicon by raw material plasma jet feeding of aluminium ash The method of alloy.
Background technique
Ferro-silicon-aluminium production method is broadly divided into metal mix-melting method and electric reduction process.Metal mix-melting method is to utilize pure metal Aluminium, silicon, iron form alloy to mixing in the molten state according to a certain percentage；Electric reduction process is containing aluminium, silicon, iron Oxide is raw material, using carbonaceous material as reducing agent, prepares alloy by electric arc furnaces reduction melting.Wherein metal mix-melting method exists The problems such as the reheating of pure metal, secondary scaling loss and high production cost.And there is also pure raw mineral materials is short for electric reduction process It lacks, the problems such as production process is less economical.
A large amount of aluminium ash is generated in aluminium electroloysis, aluminium processing, aluminium scrap remelting removal process.These aluminium ash is handled at present Method is mainly: aluminium ash after screening, carries out remelting to the aluminium ash of bulk and obtains metallic aluminium；Or it is grey using grey machine processing aluminium is fried It recycles metallic aluminium therein, and sieves or fry remaining aluminium ash after grey machine processing, normally referred to as Quadratic aluminum dust, at present Main use fills or stores up formal layout Quadratic aluminum dust.The aluminium ash generated in aluminum smelting technology and process usually contains 50- 80% metallic aluminium, after conventional recovery processing, remaining Quadratic aluminum dust main component is metallic aluminium, aluminium oxide and nitridation Aluminium, wherein the metallic aluminium containing 5-10%, 40% or more aluminium oxide and the aluminium nitride of 10-25%.According to essence used in each producer Refining mode is different, also fluoride and chloride containing 5-10% in aluminium ash.Due to meeting water containing a large amount of aluminium nitride in aluminium ash Ammonia can be generated, while the chloride and fluoride that contain in aluminium ash can also be dissolved in water, in aluminium ash in 2016 by national environmental protection Portion is included in danger wastes register.At present to the processing method of Quadratic aluminum dust not only without utilizing valuable resource therein, but also There are huge ecological risks.
Aluminium cell is the capital equipment for producing metallic aluminium.Aluminium cell can generate a large amount of electrolysis after damaged overhaul Groove overhaul slag.Slag from delining is made of cathode carbon pieces, cathode paste, refractory brick, insulating brick, Impervious Materials and heat-insulating shield etc..Further may be used The waste refractory materials liner that slag from delining is divided into waste cathode carbon block (cathode carbon pieces, cathode paste) and corroded by villiaumite electrolyte is (resistance to Firebrick, insulating brick, Impervious Materials) two major parts, and the mass ratio of waste cathode carbon block and waste refractory materials about respectively accounts for 50%. Currently, every one ton of metallic aluminium of production generates the waste cathode carbon block of 5-10kg and the waste refractory materials of 5-10kg.Waste cathode carbon block Main component is carbonaceous material, other than carbonaceous material, component it is most be exactly electrolyte.Electrolyte component in waste cathode carbon block Mainly there are NaF, Na3AlF6、Na5Al3F14And CaF2Deng.Carbon content is generally in 60%-70%, electricity in aluminium electroloysis waste cathode carbon block Solve matter constituent content 15-25%.In addition, aluminium electroloysis is given up, there are the alkali metal of 4%-8%, mainly metallic sodium in cathode.Work as electricity When having sylvite in solution matter ingredient, there is also metallic potassiums in waste cathode carbon block.In addition to above-mentioned three kinds of main components, in waste cathode carbon block Also contain a small amount of carbide, nitride, oxide and cyanide, wherein cyanide content accounts for about waste cathode carbon gross mass 0.1%-0.2%.NaCN, complicated cyanide and fluoride in waste cathode carbon block are environmentally hazardous principal elements.Cyanide It is all dissolved in water with most of fluoride, the waste and old cathode carbon block meeting polluted underground water and surface water accumulated for a long time, to ring It causes seriously to pollute in border.Two classes are divided into for the processing of waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell carbon block, one kind is processing technique, even if useless cathode Charcoal block of material is utilized by innoxious rear landfill or by other industry, such as pyrohydrolysis technology, combustion power generation technology, production high-speed rail Slag former, the fuel as cement industry and the raw mineral materials of industry are converted into the inert material that can be filled etc.；It is another kind of to be back Receive utilization technology, mainly recycling waste cathode carbon block in fluoride and charcoal, as wet-leaching recycling fluoride, as cathode, Anode carbon block additive, floatation separates electrolysis of fluorides matter and carbon block etc., but the processing of existing waste cathode carbon block has not yet been reached Industrialized level.
One ton of coal of every burning can generate 0.15-0.3 tons of flyash, and the high coal of ash content can at most generate 0.4-0.5 tons of powder Coal ash.Currently, the fine coal ash quantity that China generates every year reaches 600,000,000 tons or more.A small amount of aluminous fly-ash can be used for extracting oxidation Aluminium, and a large amount of low aluminium powder coal ash is then mainly for the production of various construction materials, such as cement blending agent, concrete additive and builds Material deep processed product, and floating bead is extracted to produce fire resisting and thermal insulation material from flyash, but these methods can not be from root The Utilizing question of flyash is solved in sheet.Also, it is low to produce construction material added value, must be abutted using enterprise populous Big city, therefore this using method mainly east China province use.And it is distributed in Shanxi, Inner Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, sweet The flyash on the ground such as respectful and Xinjiang is not utilized effectively, most of still to be handled in a manner of storing up, filling.
The roll of aluminium processing enterprise needs to be cooled down and lubricated using ROLLING OIL in process of production, and ROLLING OIL is using It just needs to filter after a period of time, and filter medium is using diatomite material.During aluminium rolling, due to aluminium compared with Soft, the abrasion of roll is less, so abrasion powder of the impurity in ROLLING OIL mainly from aluminium.When diatomite uses a timing Between after filtering accuracy when the use standard of ROLLING OIL is not achieved, it is necessary to regularly replace.The oil-containing waste diatomite quilt replaced It is considered as dangerous waste, not only there is the risk of environmental pollution, while also results in the significant wastage of resource.The main component of China's diatomite For silica, aluminium oxide and iron oxide.Diatomite waste residue caused by the ROLLING OIL of aluminum fabrication plant filtering at present, which mainly contains, to be rolled Liquefaction and aluminium powder, wherein ROLLING OIL can carry out de-oiling with oil removal machine, and the grease of abjection can be used for producing kerosene, and diatomite waste residue It is still not given to effectively handle.
As can be seen from the above analysis: dangerous waste, the solid waste that existing electrolytic aluminium, aluminium processing and power industry generate all are to be divided Other places reason, it is largely in the harmless treatment stage, effective resource utilization is still in conceptual phase, causes not from root The problem of environmental pollution of these solid waste is solved in sheet.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides one kind using aluminium ash as raw material plasma jet to overcome problems of the prior art The method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in feeding, using Quadratic aluminum dust as raw material, using waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell carbon block as reducing agent, with fine coal Ash is additive to adjust the aluminium content in raw material, adjust the silicone content in raw material by additive of diatomite waste residue, in electricity Material and then preparation certain ingredients AL-Si-Fe alloy of the arc furnace high-temperature reduction based on aluminium oxide and silica；In high temperature reduction Fluoride, chlorination in the decomposition of aluminum nitride in aluminum ash and the decomposition of cyanide in waste cathode carbon block and material are realized in the process The volatilization and recycling of object and alkali metal, realize the comprehensive utilization of a variety of dangerous wastes, solid waste in the same technique.It is above-mentioned in order to reach Purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In the method that aluminium ash produces AL-Si-Fe alloy as raw material plasma jet feeding, include the following steps:
Step 1, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and the diatomite waste residue in aluminium ash, aluminium cell slag from delining are respectively prepared Powder；
Step 2, aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue are determined according to the ingredient of target AL-Si-Fe alloy Dosage, using fixed carbon contained in waste cathode carbon block as reducing agent stoichiometrically calculate reduction Quadratic aluminum dust in Al2O3、 SiO2The amount of metallic aluminium, silicon that oxide generates, then calculate the Al with waste cathode carbon block reduction flyash, diatomite waste residue2O3、 SiO2The amount of the obtained metallic aluminium of oxide, silicon, the aluminium obtained with reduction flyash, diatomite waste residue, the allotment reduction of silicon amount The amount of metallic aluminium, silicon that Quadratic aluminum dust obtains is to get the grey, powder to the ingredient of aluminium, silicon in prepared AL-Si-Fe alloy and aluminium The dosage of coal ash, diatomite waste residue and waste cathode carbon block；By Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue powder Body is put into togerther in blender and is uniformly mixed；
Step 3, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, the electrode that electric arc furnaces uses is coreless armature, in electrode Between hollow passageway be connected with the flame outflux of plasma generator；When bottom arc area temperature is 1900-2300 DEG C, to produce Raw plasma flame stream is that granular material is sent to electric arc reaction area through hollow passageway by carrier, when to reach 1-3 small for fusion process Shi Houcong electric arc furnace bottom releases the AL-Si-Fe alloy melt to be formed and carries out external refining, and AL-Si-Fe alloy can be obtained；It should Alloy can be used as deoxidizer in steel production and magnesium smelting reducing agent, and refining slag returns to burden process and continues to use；
Step 4, by from electric arc furnaces collected overhead to cigarette ash water logging and filter, extraction temperature is 20~100 DEG C, leaching Process liquid-solid ratio is (2~10) out: 1, extraction time is 0.5~3h, is filtered after leaching, and leachate passes through evaporation recycling sodium carbonate And sodium chloride, leached mud carry out high temperature melting after the drying, fusion temperature is higher than 1000 DEG C, so that fluoride and oxide point From the electrolysis of fluorides matter of recycling returns to electrolytic cell and uses, and slag phase oxide returns to electric arc furnaces feed proportioning workshop as electric arc The raw material of furnace smelting ferro-silicon-aluminium.
Above-mentioned aluminium ash composition is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O340~80%, AlN≤20%, Al≤10%, SiO2≤ 5%, Na2O≤5%, Fe2O3≤ 5%, chloride≤10%, fluoride≤10%.
The ingredient of above-mentioned waste cathode carbon block is in mass ratio are as follows: C 60~80%, Al2O3≤ 3%, Na 4~10%, fluoride Electrolyte 10~20%, electrolysis of fluorides matter is mainly ice crystal, sodium fluoride and calcirm-fluoride, or contains lithium fluoride and fluorination Potassium.
Above-mentioned fine coal ash composition is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O315~50%, SiO230~50%, Fe2O3≤ 10%, CaO ≤ 5%, MgO≤5%, Na2O≤3%, K2O≤3%, TiO2≤ 3%, other single metal oxide content < 1%.
The ingredient of above-mentioned diatomite waste residue is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O3≤ 5%, SiO280~99%, Fe2O3≤ 10%.
Above-mentioned steps 1, the aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue powder granularity are respectively less than 100 Mesh.
Above-mentioned steps 3, the diameter in the electrode central hollow channel are 20mm-200mm.
The flow and flow rate of above-mentioned steps 3, the plasma flame stream is controllable, and the temperature of plasma flame stream is in 300- Between 3000 DEG C.
Above-mentioned steps 3, the working gas of plasma generator are one of argon gas, air, carbon monoxide.
Above-mentioned steps 3, refining agent used in external refining contain sodium chloride, potassium chloride and ice crystal, each component ratio range Sodium chloride 30~60%, potassium chloride≤30%, ice crystal≤30%；900~1500 DEG C of refining temperature.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, present aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, diatomite waste residue and flyash are to separate processing, that is to say, that are used Kinds of processes and more set processing systems.Wherein, most aluminium ashes is all made of wet-treating, keeps aluminium grey by wet-treating In aluminium nitride reacted with water and generate ammonia, for waste residue for producing refractory material, treatment process generates a large amount of chlorinated and fluorinated contains Ammonia waste water, and aluminium nitride decomposes not exclusively in waste residue.Waste cathode carbon block treatment process is also classified into wet process and pyrogenic process, and is with wet process It is main, it is to be leached using strong acid or highly basic, fluoride is made to be converted into soluble hydrogen fluoride or sodium fluoride and carbonaceous material point From treatment process equally generates largely containing acid or containing alkali waste water, be easy to cause secondary pollution.Oil-containing diatomite is at present to mention oil Based on, the diatomite waste residue formed after oil is mentioned based on storing up.The present invention be directed to a variety of dangerous wastes, solid waste and the one kind one developed Body processing technique, aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, diatomite waste residue and flyash are all at an electrocarbothermic reduction process completion Reason and recycling.The pyrolytic of main noxious material aluminium nitride and cyanide is not only realized in carbothermic reduction process, but also Realize the vaporization at high temperature separation of fluoride in aluminium ash and waste cathode carbon block, the gold in treatment process in aluminium ash and waste cathode carbon block Belong to oxide to be reduced into AL-Si-Fe alloy, generation of the whole process without waste residue and waste water is a kind of environmentally protective processing work Skill.
2, the prior art is when handling the dangerous wastes such as aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, diatomite waste residue mainly with innoxious, minimizing Based on, treatment process of the invention realizes the resource utilization of waste while innoxious, minimizing, i.e., with useless yin Aluminium oxide, silica, iron oxide etc. of the fixed carbon as reducing agent by aluminium in grey, diatomite waste residue and flyash in the carbon block of pole It restores in a metallic form, while fluoride and alkali metal is also recycled, realize the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another, and whole A technical process is closed cycle.
3, using Quadratic aluminum dust as raw material, aluminium content in raw material is adjusted, as additive using flyash with diatomite waste residue The silicone content in raw material is adjusted for additive, and a variety of wastes are not only utilized in this batching mode, and be easy to prepare each The AL-Si-Fe alloy of kind ingredient, and then the smelting process of electric arc furnaces is adapted to, make smelting process and alloying component be easy to regulate and control, favorably In reducing production cost, also created condition for subsequent processing.
4, using plasma flame stream conveying powder material can improve reaction temperature by heated material, accelerate oxygen The reduction of compound and the volatilization of fluoride especially promote the complete decomposition of noxious material aluminium nitride and cyanide, strengthen entire The high-temperature reaction process of electric arc furnace smelting improves production efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow for the method that the present invention produces AL-Si-Fe alloy using aluminium ash as raw material plasma jet feeding Figure.
Specific embodiment
For following waste material, technical solution of the present invention is elaborated.
Table 1 is a kind of object phase composition of treated Quadratic aluminum dust, different enterprises productions different with refinery practice due to casting There are difference for raw aluminium ash object phase composition and content.
The object phase composition of table 1 is a kind of treated Quadratic aluminum dust
Table 2 is a kind of main component of waste cathode carbon block, due to electrolysis process and electrolyte ingredient and bath life Difference, there are difference for the ingredient and content of the waste cathode carbon block of different enterprises.
A kind of main component of the waste cathode carbon block of table 2
Table 3 is a kind of main component of low aluminium powder coal ash.
A kind of main component of low aluminium powder coal ash of table 3
Table 4 is a kind of main component of diatomite waste residue.
A kind of main component of the diatomite waste residue of table 4
Embodiment 1
In the method that aluminium ash produces AL-Si-Fe alloy as raw material plasma jet feeding, include the following steps:
Step 1, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and the diatomite waste residue in aluminium ash, aluminium cell slag from delining are respectively prepared Powder, granularity are respectively less than 100 mesh；
Step 2, according to the ingredient of target AL-Si-Fe alloy, aluminum content 28%, silicon content 61%, remaining is iron, calcium, titanium and Other trace meters stoichiometrically calculate reducing metal oxide institute as reducing agent using fixed carbon contained in waste cathode carbon block The quality of the Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue that need, wherein the metallic aluminium in Quadratic aluminum dust is by all It is calculated into AL-Si-Fe alloy, aluminium nitride is all decomposed into metallic aluminium and nitrogen, and gained metallic aluminium is also by fully entering ferro-silicon-aluminium Alloy calculates, and the mass ratio for finally obtaining aluminium ash, flyash, diatomite waste residue and waste cathode carbon block is 1:10:1:6；By two Secondary aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue powder are put into togerther in blender and are uniformly mixed；
Step 3, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, the electrode that electric arc furnaces uses is coreless armature, in electrode Between hollow passageway be connected with the flame outflux of plasma generator；The diameter in electrode central hollow channel is 200mm.Work as bottom When the area Bu Hu temperature is 2300 DEG C, it is anti-that granular material is sent to electric arc through hollow passageway using the plasma flame stream of generation as carrier Area is answered, the temperature of plasma flame stream is 300 DEG C, and the working gas of plasma generator is air；When fusion process reaches 3 The AL-Si-Fe alloy melt to be formed is released from electric arc furnace bottom after hour and carries out external refining, and refining agent used contains chlorination Sodium, potassium chloride and ice crystal, each component ratio range are sodium chloride 50%, potassium chloride 40%, ice crystal 10%；Refining temperature 900 DEG C, AL-Si-Fe alloy can be obtained；The alloy can be used as deoxidizer in steel production and magnesium smelting reducing agent, and refining slag returns to ingredient work Sequence continues to use；
Step 4, by from electric arc furnaces collected overhead to cigarette ash water logging and filter, extraction temperature is 95 DEG C, is leached Journey liquid-solid ratio is 10:1, and extraction time 0.5h is filtered after leaching, and leachate passes through evaporation recycling sodium carbonate and sodium chloride；Leaching It slags tap and carries out high temperature melting after the drying, fusion temperature is 1200 DEG C, so that fluoride is separated with oxide, the fluoride of recycling Electrolyte returns to electrolytic cell and uses, and slag phase oxide returns to original of the electric arc furnaces feed proportioning workshop as electric arc furnace smelting ferro-silicon-aluminium Material.
Embodiment 2
In the method that aluminium ash produces AL-Si-Fe alloy as raw material plasma jet feeding, include the following steps:
Step 1, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and the diatomite waste residue in aluminium ash, aluminium cell slag from delining are respectively prepared Powder, granularity are respectively less than 100 mesh；
Step 2, according to the ingredient of target AL-Si-Fe alloy: aluminum content 35%, silicon content 54%, remaining for iron, calcium, titanium and Other trace meters；Reducing metal oxide institute is stoichiometrically calculated as reducing agent using fixed carbon contained in waste cathode carbon block The quality of the Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue that need, wherein the metallic aluminium in Quadratic aluminum dust is by all It is calculated into AL-Si-Fe alloy, aluminium nitride is all decomposed into metallic aluminium and nitrogen, and gained metallic aluminium is also by fully entering ferro-silicon-aluminium Alloy calculates, and the mass ratio for finally obtaining aluminium ash, flyash, diatomite waste residue and waste cathode carbon block is 2:8:1:6；It will be secondary Aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue powder are put into togerther in blender and are uniformly mixed；
Step 3, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, the electrode that electric arc furnaces uses is coreless armature, in electrode Between hollow passageway be connected with the flame outflux of plasma generator；The diameter in electrode central hollow channel is 100mm.Work as bottom When the area Bu Hu temperature is 2100 DEG C, it is anti-that granular material is sent to electric arc through hollow passageway using the plasma flame stream of generation as carrier Area is answered, the temperature of plasma flame stream is 1700 DEG C, and the working gas of plasma generator is carbon monoxide, works as fusion process The AL-Si-Fe alloy melt to be formed is released after reaching 2 hours from electric arc furnace bottom and carries out external refining, refining agent used contains Sodium chloride, potassium chloride and ice crystal, each component ratio range are sodium chloride 40%, potassium chloride 40%, ice crystal 20%；Refining temperature 1200 DEG C of degree, can be obtained AL-Si-Fe alloy；The alloy can be used as deoxidizer in steel production and magnesium smelting reducing agent, refining slag return is matched Material process continues to use；
Step 4, by from electric arc furnaces collected overhead to cigarette ash water logging and filter, extraction temperature is 60 DEG C, is leached Journey liquid-solid ratio is 6:1, and extraction time 1.5h is filtered after leaching, and leachate is leached by evaporation recycling sodium carbonate and sodium chloride Slag carries out high temperature melting after the drying, and 1100 DEG C of fusion temperature, so that fluoride is separated with oxide, the electrolysis of fluorides of recycling Matter returns to electrolytic cell and uses, and slag phase oxide returns to raw material of the electric arc furnaces feed proportioning workshop as electric arc furnace smelting ferro-silicon-aluminium.
Embodiment 3
In the method that aluminium ash produces AL-Si-Fe alloy as raw material plasma jet feeding, include the following steps:
Step 1, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and the diatomite waste residue in aluminium ash, aluminium cell slag from delining are respectively prepared Powder, granularity are respectively less than 100 mesh；
Step 2, according to the ingredient of target AL-Si-Fe alloy: aluminum content 43%, silicon content 47%, remaining for iron, calcium, titanium and Other trace meters；Reducing metal oxide institute is stoichiometrically calculated as reducing agent using fixed carbon contained in waste cathode carbon block The quality of the Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue that need, wherein the metallic aluminium in Quadratic aluminum dust is by all It is calculated into AL-Si-Fe alloy, aluminium nitride is all decomposed into metallic aluminium and nitrogen, and gained metallic aluminium is also by fully entering ferro-silicon-aluminium Alloy calculates, and the mass ratio for finally obtaining aluminium ash, flyash, diatomite waste residue and waste cathode carbon block is 2:2:2:3；It will be secondary Aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue powder are put into togerther in blender and are uniformly mixed；
Step 3, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, the electrode that electric arc furnaces uses is coreless armature, in electrode Between hollow passageway be connected with the flame outflux of plasma generator；The diameter in electrode central hollow channel is 20mm.Work as bottom When the area Bu Hu temperature is 1900 DEG C, it is anti-that granular material is sent to electric arc through hollow passageway using the plasma flame stream of generation as carrier Area is answered, for the temperature of plasma flame stream between 3000 DEG C, the working gas of plasma generator is argon gas；Work as fusion process The AL-Si-Fe alloy melt to be formed is released after reaching 1 hour from electric arc furnace bottom and carries out external refining, refining agent used contains Sodium chloride, potassium chloride and ice crystal, each component ratio range are sodium chloride 60%, potassium chloride 10%, ice crystal 30%；Refining temperature 1500 DEG C of degree, can be obtained AL-Si-Fe alloy；The alloy can be used as deoxidizer in steel production and magnesium smelting reducing agent, and refining slag returns to ingredient Process continues to use；
Step 4, by from electric arc furnaces collected overhead to cigarette ash water logging and filter, extraction temperature is 20 DEG C, is leached Journey liquid-solid ratio is 2:1, and extraction time 3h is filtered after leaching, and leachate passes through evaporation recycling sodium carbonate and sodium chloride, leached mud Carry out high temperature melting after the drying, 1000 DEG C of fusion temperature, so that fluoride is separated with oxide, the electrolysis of fluorides matter of recycling It returns to electrolytic cell to use, slag phase oxide returns to raw material of the electric arc furnaces feed proportioning workshop as electric arc furnace smelting ferro-silicon-aluminium.

Claims (10)

1. the method for producing AL-Si-Fe alloy as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, which is characterized in that including walking as follows It is rapid:
Step 1, powder is respectively prepared in waste cathode carbon block, flyash and the diatomite waste residue in aluminium ash, aluminium cell slag from delining；
Step 2, the use of aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue is determined according to the ingredient of target AL-Si-Fe alloy Amount stoichiometrically calculates Al in reduction Quadratic aluminum dust using fixed carbon contained in waste cathode carbon block as reducing agent2O3、SiO2Oxygen The amount of metallic aluminium, silicon that compound generates, then calculate the Al with waste cathode carbon block reduction flyash, diatomite waste residue2O3、SiO2Oxygen The amount of the obtained metallic aluminium of compound, silicon, the aluminium obtained with reduction flyash, diatomite waste residue, silicon amount allotment two secondary aluminiums of reduction The amount of metallic aluminium, silicon that ash obtains to get to the ingredient of aluminium, silicon in prepared AL-Si-Fe alloy and aluminium ash, flyash, The dosage of diatomite waste residue and waste cathode carbon block；Together by Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue powder It is put into blender and is uniformly mixed；
Step 3, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, the electrode that electric arc furnaces uses is coreless armature, among electrode Hollow passageway is connected with the flame outflux of plasma generator；When bottom arc area temperature is 1900-2300 DEG C, with generation Plasma flame stream is that granular material is sent to electric arc reaction area through hollow passageway by carrier, when fusion process reach 1-3 it is small when after The AL-Si-Fe alloy melt to be formed is released from electric arc furnace bottom and carries out external refining, and AL-Si-Fe alloy can be obtained；The alloy It can be used as deoxidizer in steel production and magnesium smelting reducing agent, refining slag returns to burden process and continues to use；
Step 4, by from electric arc furnaces collected overhead to cigarette ash water logging and filter, extraction temperature is 20~100 DEG C, is leached Journey liquid-solid ratio is 2~10:1, and extraction time is 0.5~3h, is filtered after leaching, and leachate passes through evaporation recycling sodium carbonate and chlorination Sodium, leached mud carry out high temperature melting after the drying, and fusion temperature is higher than 1000 DEG C, so that fluoride is separated with oxide, recycling Electrolysis of fluorides matter return electrolytic cell use, slag phase oxide return electric arc furnaces feed proportioning workshop as electric arc furnace smelting aluminium The raw material of ferrosilicon.
2. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, aluminium ash composition is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O340~80%, AlN≤20%, Al≤10%, SiO2≤ 5%, Na2O ≤ 5%, Fe2O3≤ 5%, chloride≤10%, fluoride≤10%.
3. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, the ingredient of waste cathode carbon block is in mass ratio are as follows: C60~80%, Al2O3≤ 3%, Na4~10%, electrolysis of fluorides Matter 10~20%.
4. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, fine coal ash composition is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O315~50%, SiO230~50%, Fe2O3≤ 10%, CaO≤ 5%, MgO≤5%, Na2O≤3%, K2O≤3%, TiO2≤ 3%, other single metal oxide content < 1%.
5. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, the ingredient of diatomite waste residue is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O3≤ 5%, SiO280~99%, Fe2O3≤ 10%.
6. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, step 1, the aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block, flyash and diatomite waste residue powder granularity are respectively less than 100 mesh.
7. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, step 3, the diameter in the electrode central hollow channel is 20mm-200mm.
8. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, step 3, the flow and flow rate of the plasma flame stream is controllable, and the temperature of plasma flame stream is in 300- Between 3000 DEG C.
9. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, step 3, the working gas of plasma generator is one of argon gas, air, carbon monoxide.
10. the method according to claim 1 that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced as raw material plasma jet feeding using aluminium ash, It is characterized in that, step 3, refining agent used in external refining contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride and ice crystal, each component ratio range chlorination Sodium 30~60%, potassium chloride≤30%, ice crystal≤30%；900~1500 DEG C of refining temperature.
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