CN110144457A - The method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in the pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash - Google Patents

The method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in the pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash Download PDF

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CN110144457A
CN110144457A CN201910401876.XA CN201910401876A CN110144457A CN 110144457 A CN110144457 A CN 110144457A CN 201910401876 A CN201910401876 A CN 201910401876A CN 110144457 A CN110144457 A CN 110144457A
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aluminium
alloy
carbon block
waste cathode
cathode carbon
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CN110144457B (en
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罗洪杰
王耀武
梁英坚
吴林丽
高国磊
曲杨
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Northeastern University China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/06—Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The present invention provides the methods that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in the pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash, Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block and paper pulp dry powder are uniformly mixed and powder is made, then mixture is pressed into pelletizing and carries out high-temperature vacuum distillation, so that the fluoride, chloride in aluminium ash and the fluoride in waste cathode carbon block and metallic sodium volatilization, and then it is separated with aluminium ash and waste cathode carbon block, while the cyanide in waste cathode carbon block is decomposed；Distillation slag is crushed again and ingredient and mix with flyash, using the material based on aluminium oxide and silica that be reducing agent high temperature reduction of the fixed carbon in waste cathode carbon block and then the AL-Si-Fe alloy of preparation certain ingredients in electric arc furnaces；The whole of cyanide in the decomposition and waste cathode carbon block of aluminum nitride in aluminum ash are completed during high temperature reduction simultaneously to decompose, the comprehensive utilization of a variety of dangerous wastes, solid waste is realized in the same technique.

Description

The method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in the pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sides that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in electrometallurgy field more particularly to a kind of pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash Method.
Background technique
Ferro-silicon-aluminium production method is broadly divided into metal mix-melting method and electric reduction process.Metal mix-melting method is to utilize pure metal Aluminium, silicon, iron form alloy to mixing in the molten state according to a certain percentage；Electric reduction process is containing aluminium, silicon, iron Oxide is raw material, using carbonaceous material as reducing agent, prepares alloy by electric arc furnaces reduction melting.Wherein metal mix-melting method exists The problems such as the reheating of pure metal, secondary scaling loss and high production cost.And there is also pure raw mineral materials is short for electric reduction process It lacks, the problems such as production process is less economical.
A large amount of aluminium ash is generated in aluminium electroloysis, aluminium processing, aluminium scrap remelting removal process.These aluminium ash is handled at present Method is mainly: aluminium ash after screening, carries out remelting to the aluminium ash of bulk and obtains metallic aluminium；Or it is grey using grey machine processing aluminium is fried It recycles metallic aluminium therein, and sieves or fry remaining aluminium ash after grey machine processing, normally referred to as Quadratic aluminum dust, at present Main use fills or stores up formal layout Quadratic aluminum dust.The aluminium ash generated in aluminum smelting technology and process usually contains 50- 80% metallic aluminium, after conventional recovery processing, remaining Quadratic aluminum dust main component is metallic aluminium, aluminium oxide and nitridation Aluminium, wherein the metallic aluminium containing 5-10%, 40% or more aluminium oxide and the aluminium nitride of 10-25%.According to essence used in each producer Refining mode is different, also fluoride and chloride containing 5-10% in aluminium ash.Due to meeting water containing a large amount of aluminium nitride in aluminium ash Ammonia can be generated, while the chloride and fluoride that contain in aluminium ash can also be dissolved in water, in aluminium ash in 2016 by national environmental protection Portion is included in danger wastes register.At present to the processing method of Quadratic aluminum dust not only without utilizing valuable resource therein, but also There are huge ecological risks.
Aluminium cell is the capital equipment for producing metallic aluminium.Aluminium cell can generate a large amount of electrolysis after damaged overhaul Groove overhaul slag.Slag from delining is made of cathode carbon pieces, cathode paste, refractory brick, insulating brick, Impervious Materials and heat-insulating shield etc..Further may be used Slag from delining is divided into waste cathode carbon block (cathode carbon pieces, cathode paste) and the waste refractory materials liner corroded by villiaumite electrolyte is (anti- Bleed, refractory brick, insulating brick) two major parts, and the mass ratio of waste cathode carbon block and waste refractory materials about respectively accounts for 50%. Currently, every one ton of metallic aluminium of production generates the waste cathode carbon block of 5-10kg and the waste refractory materials of 5-10kg.Waste cathode carbon block Main component is carbonaceous material, other than carbonaceous material, component it is most be exactly electrolyte.Electrolyte component in waste cathode carbon block Mainly there are NaF, Na3AlF6、Na5Al3F14And CaF2Deng.Carbon content is generally in 60%-70%, electricity in aluminium electroloysis waste cathode carbon block Solve matter constituent content 15-25%.In addition, aluminium electroloysis is given up, there are the alkali metal of 4%-8%, mainly metallic sodium in cathode.Work as electricity When having sylvite in solution matter ingredient, there is also metallic potassiums in waste cathode carbon block.In addition to above-mentioned three kinds of main components, in waste cathode carbon block Also contain a small amount of carbide, nitride, oxide and cyanide, wherein cyanide content accounts for about waste cathode carbon gross mass 0.1%-0.2%.NaCN, complicated cyanide and fluoride in waste cathode carbon block are environmentally hazardous principal elements.Cyanide It is all dissolved in water with most of fluoride, the waste and old cathode carbon block meeting polluted underground water and surface water accumulated for a long time, to ring It causes seriously to pollute in border.Two classes are divided into for the processing of waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell carbon block, one kind is processing technique, even if useless cathode Charcoal block of material is utilized by innoxious rear landfill or by other industry, such as pyrohydrolysis technology, combustion power generation technology, production high-speed rail Slag former, the fuel as cement industry and the raw mineral materials of industry are converted into the inert material that can be filled etc.；It is another kind of to be back Receive utilization technology, mainly recycling waste cathode carbon block in fluoride and charcoal, as wet-leaching recycling fluoride, as cathode, Anode carbon block additive, floatation separates electrolysis of fluorides matter and carbon block etc., but the processing of existing waste cathode carbon block has not yet been reached Industrialized level.
One ton of coal of every burning can generate 0.15-0.3 tons of flyash, and the high coal of ash content can at most generate 0.4-0.5 tons of powder Coal ash.Currently, the fine coal ash quantity that China generates every year reaches 600,000,000 tons or more.A small amount of aluminous fly-ash can be used for extracting oxidation Aluminium, and a large amount of low aluminium powder coal ash is then mainly for the production of various construction materials, such as cement blending agent, concrete additive and builds Material deep processed product, and floating bead is extracted to produce fire resisting and thermal insulation material from flyash, but these methods can not be from root The Utilizing question of flyash is solved in sheet.Also, it is low to produce construction material added value, must be abutted using enterprise populous Big city, therefore this using method mainly east China province use.And it is distributed in Shanxi, Inner Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, sweet The flyash on the ground such as respectful and Xinjiang is not utilized effectively, most of still to be handled in a manner of storing up, filling.
As can be seen from the above analysis: dangerous waste, the solid waste that existing electrolytic aluminium, aluminium processing and power industry generate all are to be divided Other places reason, it is largely in the harmless treatment stage, effective resource utilization is still in conceptual phase, causes not from root The problem of environmental pollution of these solid waste is solved in sheet.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of pretreatment carbon thermal reductions of aluminium ash to produce ferro-silicon-aluminium Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block and paper pulp dry powder are uniformly mixed and are made powder, then suppresses mixture by the method for alloy At pelletizing and high-temperature vacuum distillation is carried out, so that the fluoride, chloride in aluminium ash and fluoride and gold in waste cathode carbon block Belong to sodium volatilization, and then is separated with aluminium ash and waste cathode carbon block, while the cyanide in waste cathode carbon block is decomposed；Again by distillation slag It crushes and carries out ingredient with flyash and mix, using the fixed carbon in waste cathode carbon block as reducing agent high temperature reduction in electric arc furnaces The AL-Si-Fe alloy of material and then preparation certain ingredients based on aluminium oxide and silica；It is complete during high temperature reduction simultaneously It is decomposed at the whole of cyanide in the decomposition of aluminum nitride in aluminum ash and waste cathode carbon block, a variety of danger is realized in the same technique Useless, solid waste comprehensive utilization.In order to achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction, includes the following steps:
Step 1, according to target the ingredient of AL-Si-Fe alloy determines the dosage of Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash and waste cathode carbon block, with Contained fixed carbon is that reducing agent stoichiometrically calculates Al in reduction Quadratic aluminum dust in waste cathode carbon block2O3、SiO2Aoxidize produce The amount of raw metallic aluminium, silicon, then calculate the Al with waste cathode carbon block reduction flyash2O3、SiO2The obtained metal of oxide The amount of aluminium, silicon, the aluminium obtained with reduction flyash, silicon amount deploy the amount of the metallic aluminium, silicon that restore Quadratic aluminum dust and obtain to get arriving The ingredient of aluminium, silicon in prepared AL-Si-Fe alloy and the dosage of Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash and waste cathode carbon block；It will be secondary Aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block and paper pulp dry powder are put into togerther in ball mill and grind and be uniformly mixed, and then will be mixed using ball press Material is pressed into pelletizing；
Step 2, then pelletizing is fitted into vacuum tank and carries out high-temperature vacuum distillation, vapo(u)rizing temperature is 900-1100 DEG C, is steamed Evaporating the time is 2-10h, vacuum degree 0.1-100Pa；Fluoride, chloride and the metallic sodium of volatilization enter condenser system, and steam Still residue stays in vacuum tank；
Step 3, distillation slag is taken out from vacuum tank and is crushed with pulverizer；And keep distillation slag powder and flyash equal Even mixing；
Step 4, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, when bottom arc area temperature is 1900-2300 DEG C, will mix Uniform material is closed to be sent in electric arc furnaces by coreless armature；It is put when fusion process reaches 2~6 small Shi Houcong electric arc furnace bottoms The AL-Si-Fe alloy formed out.
The ingredient of above-mentioned Quadratic aluminum dust is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O340~80%, AlN≤20%, Al≤10%, SiO2≤ 5%, Na2O≤5%, Fe2O3≤ 5%, chloride≤10%, fluoride≤10%.
The ingredient of above-mentioned waste cathode carbon block is in mass ratio are as follows: C 60~80%, Al2O3≤ 3%, Na 4~10%, fluoride Electrolyte, electrolysis of fluorides matter is mainly ice crystal, sodium fluoride and calcirm-fluoride, or contains lithium fluoride and potassium fluoride.
The ingredient of above-mentioned paper pulp dry powder is in mass ratio are as follows: calcium lignosulfonate >=90%, butt moisture >=8%.
Above-mentioned fine coal ash composition is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O315~50%, SiO230~50%, Fe2O3≤ 10%, CaO ≤ 5%, MgO≤5%, Na2O≤3%, K2O≤3%, TiO2≤ 3%, other single metal oxide content < 1%.
Above-mentioned steps 1, in pelletizing pressing process, powder granularity is equal after the Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block ball milling Less than 100 mesh, ball press pressing pressure 100-200MPa, pelletizing diameter 30-50mm.
Above-mentioned steps 2, granularity is less than 100 mesh after the distillation slag crushes.Fluoride, the chlorine separated is evaporated in vacuo Compound and metallic sodium are separately recovered after cooling, and wherein electrolysis of fluorides matter returns to electrolytic cell and uses.
Above-mentioned steps 4, in arc furnace smelting procedure, the pressure of hollow passageway and conveying powder material among coreless armature Contracting gas piping is connected, and granular material is sent to electric arc reaction area through hollow passageway using compressed gas as carrier, completes fast fast thawing Refining reaction；The diameter of the hollow passageway is 20mm-200mm；The pressure of the compressed gas controls between 0.1-0.8MPa.
The compressed gas is one of argon gas, air, carbon monoxide.
Prepared AL-Si-Fe alloy can be used as deoxidizer in steel production and magnesium smelting reducing agent；It is generated in arc furnace smelting procedure Cigarette ash and clinker return to burden process and continue to use.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, present aluminium ash, waste cathode carbon block and flyash are to separate processing, that is to say, that use kinds of processes With more set processing systems.Wherein, most aluminium ashes is all made of wet-treating, makes the aluminium nitride in aluminium ash by wet-treating It is reacted with water and generates ammonia, waste residue generates a large amount of chlorinated and fluorinated ammonia-containing water for producing refractory material, treatment process, and useless Aluminium nitride decomposes incomplete in slag.Waste cathode carbon block treatment process is also classified into wet process and pyrogenic process, and based on wet process, is to use Strong acid or highly basic are leached, and so that fluoride is converted into soluble hydrogen fluoride or sodium fluoride is separated with carbonaceous material, treatment process Same generate largely contains acid or contains alkali waste water, be easy to cause secondary pollution.The present invention be directed to a variety of dangerous wastes, solid waste and develop A kind of integrated treatment technology, Quadratic aluminum dust and waste cathode carbon block first pass through vacuum distillation and isolate fluoride, chloride And metallic sodium, ingredient then is carried out with flyash again and AL-Si-Fe alloy is prepared by electrocarbothermic reduction process.It is being evaporated in vacuo Vaporization at high temperature separation and the cyanide of fluoride, chloride and metallic sodium in aluminium ash and waste cathode carbon block are realized in the process Pyrolytic；Not only realize the pyrolytic of main noxious material aluminium nitride in carbothermic reduction process, and aluminium ash with Metal oxide in waste cathode carbon block is reduced into AL-Si-Fe alloy, and generation of the whole process without waste residue and waste water, is one The environmentally protective treatment process of kind.
2, the prior art when handling aluminium ash, the dangerous wastes such as waste cathode carbon block mainly based on innoxious, minimizing, it is of the invention Treatment process while innoxious, minimizing, realize the resource utilization of waste, i.e., with consolidating in waste cathode carbon block Determine carbon as reducing agent to restore aluminium oxide, silica, the iron oxide etc. in aluminium ash and flyash in a metallic form, together When fluoride, chloride and alkali metal are also recycled, realize the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another, and entire technical process is closed circuit Circulation.
3, using distillation slag as raw material, aluminium content in raw material, silicone content, this ingredient are adjusted as additive using flyash A variety of wastes are not only utilized in mode, and are easy to prepare the AL-Si-Fe alloy of various composition, and then adapt to the smelting of electric arc furnaces Refining process makes smelting process and alloying component be easy to regulate and control, advantageously reduces production cost, and the smelting for reducing AL-Si-Fe alloy is difficult Degree.
4, using coreless armature conveying powder material, entire arc furnace smelting procedure can be strengthened, promote going back for oxide Original especially accelerates the decomposable process of noxious material aluminium nitride and cyanide, improves production efficiency, reduces production cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart for the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For following waste material, technical solution of the present invention is elaborated.
Table 1 is a kind of object phase composition of treated Quadratic aluminum dust, different enterprises productions different with refinery practice due to casting There are difference for raw aluminium ash object phase composition and content.
The object phase composition of table 1 is a kind of treated Quadratic aluminum dust
Table 2 is a kind of main component of waste cathode carbon block, due to electrolysis process and electrolyte ingredient and bath life Difference, there are difference for the ingredient and content of the waste cathode carbon block of different enterprises.
A kind of main component of the waste cathode carbon block of table 2
Table 3 is a kind of main component of low aluminium powder coal ash.
A kind of main component of low aluminium powder coal ash of table 3
Embodiment 1
The method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in the pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash, includes the following steps:
Step 1, according to the ingredient of target AL-Si-Fe alloy: aluminum content 29%, silicon content 64%, remaining for iron, calcium, titanium and Other trace meters；Reducing metal oxide institute is stoichiometrically calculated as reducing agent using fixed carbon contained in waste cathode carbon block The quality of the Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash, waste cathode carbon block that need, wherein the metallic aluminium in Quadratic aluminum dust is closed by ferro-silicon-aluminium is fully entered Gold calculates, and aluminium nitride is all decomposed into metallic aluminium and nitrogen, and gained metallic aluminium is also by AL-Si-Fe alloy calculating is fully entered, finally The mass ratio for obtaining Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash and waste cathode carbon block is 1:15:8；Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block and paper pulp are done Powder is put into togerther in ball mill in proportion and grinds and be uniformly mixed, paper pulp dry powder additional amount be Quadratic aluminum dust and flyash quality it The 6% of sum；Then mixture is pressed into pelletizing using ball press；Pelletizing diameter 50mm.
Step 2, then pelletizing is fitted into vacuum tank and carries out high-temperature vacuum distillation, vapo(u)rizing temperature is 1100 DEG C, when distillation Between be 10h, vacuum degree 100Pa；Fluoride, chloride and the metallic sodium of volatilization enter condenser system, and distillation slag stays in very In empty container；
Step 3, distillation slag is taken out from vacuum tank and is crushed with pulverizer, granularity is less than 100 mesh after crushing, and makes Distillation slag powder is mixed with the uniform of flyash.
Step 4, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, it is when bottom arc area temperature is 2300 DEG C, mixing is equal Even material is sent in electric arc furnaces by coreless armature；The diameter of the hollow passageway is 200mm；The compressed gas uses Air, pressure control between 0.1MPa.The AL-Si-Fe alloy to be formed is released from electric arc furnace bottom after fusion process reaches 6h.
Embodiment 2
The method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in the pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash, includes the following steps:
Step 1, according to the ingredient of target AL-Si-Fe alloy: aluminum content 38%, silicon content 56%, remaining for iron, calcium, titanium and Other trace meters；Reducing metal oxide institute is stoichiometrically calculated as reducing agent using fixed carbon contained in waste cathode carbon block The quality of the Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash, waste cathode carbon block that need, wherein the metallic aluminium in Quadratic aluminum dust is closed by ferro-silicon-aluminium is fully entered Gold calculates, and aluminium nitride is all decomposed into metallic aluminium and nitrogen, and gained metallic aluminium is also by AL-Si-Fe alloy calculating is fully entered, finally The mass ratio for obtaining Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash and waste cathode carbon block is 1:5:3；It will be in Quadratic aluminum dust, aluminium cell slag from delining Waste cathode carbon block and paper pulp dry powder, which are put into togerther in ball mill, to be ground and is uniformly mixed, paper pulp dry powder additional amount be Quadratic aluminum dust with The 8% of the sum of flyash quality；Then mixture is pressed into pelletizing using ball press；Pelletizing diameter 40mm.
Step 2, then pelletizing is fitted into vacuum tank and carries out high-temperature vacuum distillation, vapo(u)rizing temperature is 1000 DEG C, when distillation Between be 6h, vacuum degree 10Pa；Fluoride, chloride and the metallic sodium of volatilization enter condenser system, and distillation slag stays in vacuum In container；
Step 3, distillation slag is taken out from vacuum tank and is crushed with pulverizer, granularity is less than 100 mesh after crushing, and makes Distillation slag powder is mixed with the uniform of flyash.
Step 4, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, it is when bottom arc area temperature is 2100 DEG C, mixing is equal Even material is sent in electric arc furnaces by coreless armature；The diameter of the hollow passageway is 100mm；The compressed gas uses Argon gas, pressure control between 0.4MPa.The AL-Si-Fe alloy to be formed is released from electric arc furnace bottom after fusion process reaches 4h.
Embodiment 3
The method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in the pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash, includes the following steps:
Step 1, according to the ingredient of target AL-Si-Fe alloy: aluminum content 51%, silicon content 44%, remaining for iron, calcium, titanium and Other trace meters；Reducing metal oxide institute is stoichiometrically calculated as reducing agent using fixed carbon contained in waste cathode carbon block The quality of the Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash, waste cathode carbon block that need, wherein the metallic aluminium in Quadratic aluminum dust is closed by ferro-silicon-aluminium is fully entered Gold calculates, and aluminium nitride is all decomposed into metallic aluminium and nitrogen, and gained metallic aluminium is also by AL-Si-Fe alloy calculating is fully entered, finally The mass ratio for obtaining Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash and waste cathode carbon block is 2:4:3；It will be in Quadratic aluminum dust, aluminium cell slag from delining Waste cathode carbon block and paper pulp dry powder, which are put into togerther in ball mill, to be ground and is uniformly mixed, paper pulp dry powder additional amount be Quadratic aluminum dust with The 10% of the sum of flyash quality；Then mixture is pressed into pelletizing using ball press；Pelletizing diameter 30mm.
Step 2, then pelletizing is fitted into vacuum tank and carries out high-temperature vacuum distillation, vapo(u)rizing temperature is 900 DEG C, distillation time For 2h, vacuum degree 0.1Pa；Fluoride, chloride and the metallic sodium of volatilization enter condenser system, and distillation slag stays in vacuum appearance In device；
Step 3, distillation slag is taken out from vacuum tank and is crushed with pulverizer, granularity is less than 100 mesh after crushing, and makes Distillation slag powder is mixed with the uniform of flyash.
Step 4, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, it is when bottom arc area temperature is 1900 DEG C, mixing is equal Even material is sent in electric arc furnaces by coreless armature；The diameter of the hollow passageway is 20mm；The compressed gas uses Carbon monoxide, pressure control between 0.8MPa.The ferro-silicon-aluminium to be formed is released from electric arc furnace bottom after fusion process reaches 2h Alloy.

Claims (10)

1. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in the pretreatment carbon thermal reduction of aluminium ash, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, according to target the ingredient of AL-Si-Fe alloy determines the dosage of Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash and waste cathode carbon block, with useless yin Contained fixed carbon is that reducing agent stoichiometrically calculates Al in reduction Quadratic aluminum dust in the carbon block of pole2O3、SiO2What oxide generated The amount of metallic aluminium, silicon, then calculate the Al with waste cathode carbon block reduction flyash2O3、SiO2The obtained metallic aluminium of oxide, silicon Amount, the aluminium obtained with reduction flyash, the metallic aluminium that silicon amount allotment reduction Quadratic aluminum dust obtains, silicon amount to get to being matched The ingredient of aluminium, silicon in AL-Si-Fe alloy processed and the dosage of Quadratic aluminum dust, flyash and waste cathode carbon block；By Quadratic aluminum dust, Waste cathode carbon block and paper pulp dry powder, which are put into togerther in ball mill, to be ground and is uniformly mixed, and is then suppressed mixture using ball press At pelletizing；
Step 2, then pelletizing is fitted into vacuum tank and carries out high-temperature vacuum distillation, vapo(u)rizing temperature is 900-1100 DEG C, when distillation Between be 2-10h, vacuum degree 0.1-100Pa；Fluoride, chloride and the metallic sodium of volatilization enter condenser system, and distillation slag It stays in vacuum tank；
Step 3, distillation slag is taken out from vacuum tank and is crushed with pulverizer, and make the uniform of distillation slag powder and flyash Mixing；
Step 4, start electric arc furnaces and in-furnace temperature is gradually increased, it is when bottom arc area temperature is 1900-2300 DEG C, mixing is equal Even material is sent in electric arc furnaces by coreless armature；It releases after fusion process reaches 2-6h and to be formed from electric arc furnace bottom AL-Si-Fe alloy.
2. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that two Secondary aluminium ash composition is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O340~80%, AlN≤20%, Al≤10%, SiO2≤ 5%, Na2O≤5%, Fe2O3≤ 5%, chloride≤10%, fluoride≤10%.
3. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that useless The ingredient of cathode carbon pieces is in mass ratio are as follows: C 60~80%, Al2O3≤ 3%, Na 4~10%, electrolysis of fluorides matter 10~ 20%.
4. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that paper The ingredient of paste dry powder is in mass ratio are as follows: calcium lignosulfonate >=90%, butt moisture >=8%.
5. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that powder Coal ash composition is in mass ratio are as follows: Al2O315~50%, SiO230~50%, Fe2O3≤ 10%, CaO≤5%, MgO≤ 5%, Na2O≤3%, K2O≤3%, TiO2≤ 3%, other single metal oxide content < 1%.
6. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that paper Paste dry powder additional amount is the 6-10% of the sum of Quadratic aluminum dust and flyash quality.
7. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step Rapid 1, in pelletizing pressing process, powder granularity is respectively less than 100 mesh, pressure ball after the Quadratic aluminum dust, waste cathode carbon block ball milling Machine pressing pressure 100-200MPa, pelletizing diameter 30-50mm.
8. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step Rapid 2, granularity is less than 100 mesh after the distillation slag crushes.
9. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step Rapid 4, hollow passageway and the compressed gas pipeline phase of conveying powder material in arc furnace smelting procedure, among coreless armature Even, granular material is sent to electric arc reaction area through hollow passageway using compressed gas as carrier, completes fast melting reaction；The sky The diameter in heart channel is 20mm-200mm；The pressure of the compressed gas controls between 0.1-0.8MPa.
10. the method that AL-Si-Fe alloy is produced in aluminium ash pretreatment carbon thermal reduction according to claim 8, which is characterized in that The compressed gas is one of argon gas, air, carbon monoxide.
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