CN110001170B - 一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110001170B
CN110001170B CN201910263442.8A CN201910263442A CN110001170B CN 110001170 B CN110001170 B CN 110001170B CN 201910263442 A CN201910263442 A CN 201910263442A CN 110001170 B CN110001170 B CN 110001170B
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butyl rubber
honeycomb
carbon fiber
sound
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吴护林
李忠盛
孙彩云
董玲抒
吴永鹏
舒露
吴道勋
黄安畏
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No 59 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industry
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Abstract

一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构从下到上依次包括约束阻尼层1、隔音层2、吸音层3、隔音层4和约束阻尼层5，其中所述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5为粘接薄膜材料的阻尼橡胶、所述隔音层2、隔音层4为硬质纤维板、所述吸音层3为柔性泡沫填充蜂窝；本发明的为吸音、隔音、阻尼减震一体的夹层结构，提高了产品的隔音减震性能，隔音吸音效果好，隔音量可高达51.2dB，夹层结构坚固，易于加工成型，制备方法简单可行，值得市场推广应用。

Description

一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构及其制备方法。
背景技术
民用直升机在定常飞行状态下，座舱内部噪声污染严重，舱内噪声总声压级达90dB～120dB。强噪声不仅严重危害飞行员和作战人员的听力系统，危害乘员的身体健康，而且，长期工作在强噪声环境中容易使人产生疲劳，降低飞行员的注意力，使诱发危险事故的可能性大大提高。
直升机噪声源主要来自旋翼、尾桨、发动机和传动系统等，上述系统和部件采用了降噪设计，从声源上进行了控制，但受加工和装配精度的限制，旋翼和传动系统仍是主要的噪声源，舱内噪声仍超出规定的噪声限值，需要在噪声传递路径上采取降噪措施。直升机大量使用硬质纤维板/蜂窝复合材料夹层结构，蜂窝能有效地吸收外界震动并转化成芯材的变形能，然后缓慢释放，另外当声波进入蜂窝体后，会引起空气和材料的振动，由于摩擦阻力和粘滞阻力，使一部分声能转化为热能而散失，具有一定的降噪效果，但舱内1000Hz～3000Hz高频段声压级仍超过直升机设计最大限值，降噪效果、减震效果并不理想，还无法满足直升机舱内降噪的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术措施实现的：
一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构，其特征在于，它是从下到上依次包括约束阻尼层1、隔音层2、吸音层3、隔音层4和约束阻尼层5，其中所述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5为粘接薄膜材料的阻尼橡胶，所述隔音层2、隔音层4为硬质纤维板，所述吸音层3为柔性泡沫填充蜂窝。
进一步，上述吸音层3中的柔性泡沫为6mm～10mm厚的三聚氰胺泡沫，密度为7.5kg/m3～8.5kg/m3，降噪系数NRC为0.85～0.99，开孔率为95.0％～99.9％，所述吸音层3中的蜂窝为6mm～10mm厚的芳纶蜂窝。
进一步，上述的隔音层2、隔音层4构成的双层结构是由碳纤维板组成，所述双层结构的两层为不同厚度的同种材料，不使用相同厚度的同种材料，避免两层出现相同的吻合频率，影响隔声性能，所述双层结构碳纤维板的厚度分别为1mm～2mm。
为了进一步提高隔音效果，上述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5均由0.6mm～2mm厚的丁基橡胶和0.03mm～0.04mm厚的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成。
一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构的制备方法，其特征在于，它是包括下列步骤制得：
(1)在丁基橡胶和碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，再将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和三聚氰胺泡沫分别粘接在碳纤维板两面，在室温下固化1h～2h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫的结构。
(2)将粘接好带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和三聚氰胺泡沫的碳纤维板铺垫在平面上，所述柔性泡沫朝上，将芳纶蜂窝内部各个面均匀涂覆聚氨酯胶，然后放在三聚氰胺泡沫上方，使用压机对涂覆聚氨酯胶的芳纶蜂窝施加垂直压力并推压，压强大小为6MPa～10MPa，使其陷入三聚氰胺泡沫并粘接牢固，在室温加压下，固化1h～2h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3的复合结构。
(3)在丁基橡胶和碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，再将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶粘接在碳纤维板上，将碳纤维面板粘接到三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝面，使用压机对最上层的粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶施加垂直压力，压强大小为1MPa～2MPa，在室温加压下，固化6h～12h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3、碳纤维板隔音层4、粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层5复合结构。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构为吸音、隔音、阻尼减震一体的夹层结构，提高了产品的隔音减震性能，隔音吸音效果好，隔音量可高达51.2dB，夹层结构坚固，易于加工成型，制备方法简单可行，值得市场推广应用。
附图说明
图1：为本发明夹层结构示意图，图中从下至上依次为约束阻尼层1，隔音层2，吸音层3，隔音层4和约束阻尼层5。
图2：为本发明隔音性能测试原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述，有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下，对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换，均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构：从下到上依次包括约束阻尼层1，隔音层2，吸音层3，隔音层4和约束阻尼层5，其中所述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5为粘接薄膜材料的阻尼橡胶，所述隔音层2、隔音层4为硬质纤维板，所述吸音层3为柔性泡沫填充蜂窝；所述吸音层3中的柔性泡沫为6mm厚的三聚氰胺泡沫，密度为7.5kg/m3，降噪系数NRC为0.90，开孔率为98.5％，所述吸音层3中的蜂窝为6mm厚的芳纶蜂窝；所述的隔音层2、隔音层4是由碳纤维板组成，所述隔音层的两层为不同厚度的同种材料，不使用相同厚度的同种材料，避免两层出现相同的吻合频率，影响隔声性能，所述隔音层2、隔音层4的厚度分别为1mm、1.3mm；所述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5均由0.6mm厚的丁基橡胶和0.03mm厚的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成。
上述一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构，是按如下步骤制得：
(1)在厚度为0.6mm丁基橡胶和厚度为1mm的碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将厚度为0.03mm的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和厚度为6mm的三聚氰胺泡沫分别粘接到在碳纤维板两面，在室温下固化1h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫的结构。
(2)将粘接好带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和三聚氰胺泡沫的碳纤维板铺垫在平面上，所述柔性泡沫朝上，将芳纶蜂窝内部各个面均匀涂覆聚氨酯胶，然后轻放在三聚氰胺泡沫上方，使用压机对涂覆聚氨酯胶的芳纶蜂窝施加垂直压力并推压，压强大小为8MPa，使其陷入三聚氰胺泡沫并粘接牢固，在室温加压下，固化1h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3的复合结构。
(3)在厚度为0.6mm丁基橡胶和1.3mm碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆胶粘剂，将厚度为0.03mm的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶粘接在碳纤维板上，再将碳纤维面板粘接到三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝面，使用压机对最上层的带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶施加垂直压力，压强大小为1.5MPa，在室温加压下，固化9h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3、碳纤维板隔音层4、粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层5复合结构。
实验1：隔音减震效果对比实验：
首先制备厚度分别为9.5mm、8.2mm的标准试样1(
Figure BDA0002016033110000042
各1件)、试样2(
Figure BDA0002016033110000043
各1件)，试样1为实施例1制得的产品，试样2由芳纶蜂窝和碳纤维板组成。按照GB/Z 27764-2011《声学阻抗管中传声损失的测量传递矩阵法》进行隔声性能测试，具体步骤如下：
降噪性能测试示意图如附图2所示。样品安装在试件安置管中，管中的平面波由激励源产生，信号可以是无规噪声、伪随机序列噪声或线性调频脉冲。在前管中靠近样品的两个位置上测量声压，求得两个传声器信号的声压传递函数；同样，在后管中靠近样品的两个位置上测量声压，求得两个传声器信号的声压传递函数。由传递矩阵法计算试件的法向入射传声损失(隔声量)TL。经测试，试样1在100Hz～5000Hz的1/3倍频程平均隔声量为50.4dB，试样2样品平均隔声量为35.7dB，试样1比试样2平均隔声量提高了14.7dB，试样1、试样2在100Hz～5000Hz的1/3倍频程隔声量值见下表。
实验2：隔音减震效果对比实验：
Figure BDA0002016033110000041
首先制备厚度均为9.5mm的标准试样1(
Figure BDA0002016033110000044
各1件)、试样2(
Figure BDA0002016033110000045
各1件)，试样1为实施例1制得的产品，试样2结构与实施例1相同，不同之处是填充蜂窝的泡沫为聚氨酯泡沫。按照GB/Z 27764-2011《声学阻抗管中传声损失的测量传递矩阵法》进行隔声性能测试，具体步骤如下：
降噪性能测试示意图如附图2所示。样品安装在试件安置管中，管中的平面波由激励源产生，信号可以是无规噪声、伪随机序列噪声或线性调频脉冲。在前管中靠近样品的两个位置上测量声压，求得两个传声器信号的声压传递函数；同样，在后管中靠近样品的两个位置上测量声压，求得两个传声器信号的声压传递函数。由传递矩阵法计算试件的法向入射传声损失(隔声量)TL。经测试，试样1在100Hz～5000Hz的1/3倍频程平均隔声量为50.4dB，试样2平均隔声量为41.1dB，试样1比试样2平均隔声量提高了9.3dB，试样1、试样2在100Hz～5000Hz的1/3倍频程隔声量值见下表。
实施例2
Figure BDA0002016033110000051
一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构：从下到上依次包括约束阻尼层1，隔音层2，吸音层3，隔音层4和约束阻尼层5，其中所述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5为粘接薄膜材料的阻尼橡胶，所述隔音层2、隔音层4为硬质纤维板，所述吸音层3为柔性泡沫填充蜂窝；所述吸音层3中的柔性泡沫为8mm厚的三聚氰胺泡沫，密度为8.0kg/m3，降噪系数NRC为0.95，开孔率为99.3％，所述吸音层3中的蜂窝为8mm厚的芳纶蜂窝；所述的隔音层2、隔音层4是由碳纤维板组成，所述隔音层的两层为不同厚度的同种材料，不使用相同厚度的同种材料，避免两层出现相同的吻合频率，影响隔声性能，所述隔音层2、隔音层4的厚度分别为1mm、1.5mm；所述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5均由1mm厚的丁基橡胶和0.035mm厚的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成。
上述一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构，是按如下步骤制得：
(1)在厚度为1mm丁基橡胶和厚度为1mm的碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将厚度为0.035mm的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，再将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和厚度为8mm的三聚氰胺泡沫分别粘接在碳纤维板两面，在室温下固化1.5h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫的结构。
(2)将粘接好带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和三聚氰胺泡沫的碳纤维板铺垫在平面上，所述柔性泡沫朝上，将芳纶蜂窝内部各个面均匀涂覆聚氨酯胶，然后轻放在三聚氰胺泡沫上方，使用压机对涂覆聚氨酯胶的蜂窝施加垂直压力并推压，压强大小为6MPa，使其陷入三聚氰胺泡沫并粘接牢固，在室温加压下，固化1.5h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3的复合结构。
(3)在厚度为1mm丁基橡胶和1.5mm碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将厚度为0.035mm的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶粘接在碳纤维板上，再将碳纤维面板粘接到三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝面，使用压机对最上层的带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶施加垂直压力，压强大小为1MPa，在室温加压下，固化12h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充蜂窝吸音层3、碳纤维板隔音层5、粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层5复合结构。
按实施例1的实验方法，测定实施例2的隔音减震效果，实验结果表明，试样在100Hz～5000Hz的1/3倍频程平均隔声量为50.8dB，本发明隔音减震效果性能优异。
实施例3
一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构：从下到上依次包括约束阻尼层1，隔音层2，吸音层3，隔音层4和约束阻尼层5，其中所述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5为粘接薄膜材料的阻尼橡胶，所述隔音层2、隔音层4为硬质纤维板，所述吸音层3为柔性泡沫填充蜂窝；所述吸音层3中的柔性泡沫为10mm厚的三聚氰胺泡沫，密度为8.5kg/m3，降噪系数NRC为0.85，开孔率为95.8％，所述吸音层3中的蜂窝为10mm厚的芳纶蜂窝；所述的隔音层2、隔音层4是由碳纤维板组成，所述隔音层的两层为不同厚度的同种材料，不使用相同厚度的同种材料，避免两层出现相同的吻合频率，影响隔声性能，所述隔音层2、隔音层4的厚度分别为2mm、1.5mm；所述约束阻尼层1、约束阻尼层5均由1.5mm厚的丁基橡胶和0.04mm厚的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成。
上述一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构，是按如下步骤制得：
(1)在厚度为1.5mm丁基橡胶和厚度为2mm的碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将厚度为0.04mm的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，再将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和厚度为10mm的三聚氰胺泡沫分别粘接在碳纤维板面板两面，在室温下固化2h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫的结构。
(2)将粘接好带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和三聚氰胺泡沫的碳纤维板铺垫在平面上，所述柔性泡沫朝上，将芳纶蜂窝内部各个面均匀涂覆聚氨酯胶，然后轻放在三聚氰胺泡沫上方，使用压机对涂覆聚氨酯胶的蜂窝施加垂直压力并推压，压强大小为10MPa，使其陷入三聚氰胺泡沫并粘接牢固，在室温加压下，固化2h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3的复合结构。
(3)在厚度为1.5mm丁基橡胶和1mm碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将厚度为0.04mm的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，再将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶粘接在碳纤维板上，将碳纤维面板粘接到三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝面，使用压机对最上层的带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶施加垂直压力，压强大小为2MPa，在室温加压下，固化6h后，由下至上形成了粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3、碳纤维板隔音层4、粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶约束阻尼层5复合结构。
按实施例1的实验方法，测定实施例3的隔音减震效果，实验结果表明，试样在100Hz～5000Hz的1/3倍频程平均隔声量为51.2dB，本发明隔音减震效果性能优异。

Claims (4)

1.一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构的制备方法，其特征在于，它是包括下列步骤制得：
A．在丁基橡胶和碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，再将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和三聚氰胺泡沫分别粘接在碳纤维板两面，在室温下固化1h～2h后，由下至上形成了丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫的结构；
B．将粘接好带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶和三聚氰胺泡沫的碳纤维板铺垫在平面上，所述三聚氰胺泡沫朝上，将芳纶蜂窝内部各个面均匀涂覆聚氨酯胶，然后放在三聚氰胺泡沫上方，使用压机对涂覆聚氨酯胶的芳纶蜂窝施加垂直压力并推压，压强大小为6MPa～10MPa，使其陷入三聚氰胺泡沫并粘接牢固，在室温加压下，固化1h～2h后，由下至上形成了丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3的复合结构；
C．在丁基橡胶和碳纤维板双面均匀地涂覆聚氨酯胶，将镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接到丁基橡胶上，再将带镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶粘接在碳纤维板上，将碳纤维面板粘接到三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝面，使用压机对最上层的粘接镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜的丁基橡胶施加垂直压力，压强大小为1MPa～2MPa，在室温加压下，固化6h～12h后，由下至上形成了丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1、碳纤维板隔音层2、三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3、碳纤维板隔音层4、丁基橡胶约束阻尼层5复合结构。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构的制备方法，其特征在于，所述三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3中的三聚氰胺泡沫厚度为6mm～10mm，密度为7.5kg/m3～8.5kg/m3，降噪系数NRC为0.85～0.99，开孔率为95.0%～99.9%，所述三聚氰胺泡沫填充芳纶蜂窝吸音层3中的填充蜂窝为6mm～10mm厚的芳纶蜂窝。
3.如权利要求2所述的所述的一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构的制备方法，其特征在于，所述碳纤维板隔音层2、碳纤维板隔音层4构成的双层结构是由碳纤维板组成，所述双层结构的两层为不同厚度的同种材料，不使用相同厚度的同种材料，所述双层结构碳纤维板的厚度分别为1mm～2mm。
4.如权利要求3所述的所述的一种柔性泡沫填充蜂窝约束阻尼夹层结构的制备方法，其特征在于，所述丁基橡胶约束阻尼层1和丁基橡胶约束阻尼层5由0.6mm～2mm厚的丁基橡胶和0.03mm～0.04mm厚的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成。
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