CN110000609B - Ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system - Google Patents
Ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110000609B CN110000609B CN201910305323.4A CN201910305323A CN110000609B CN 110000609 B CN110000609 B CN 110000609B CN 201910305323 A CN201910305323 A CN 201910305323A CN 110000609 B CN110000609 B CN 110000609B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system, which comprises a front cutter handle, a rear cutter handle, a cutter head, a PCD blade, a vibration piezoelectric ceramic component, a force measuring structure component, a charge amplifier, a data acquisition card and a PC (personal computer), wherein: the tool bit is arranged at the end part of the front tool handle, and the PCD blade is fixed on the tool bit; the vibration piezoelectric ceramic component is fixed between the rear knife handle and the front knife handle; the force measuring structure component comprises a sensing section, a clamp and a sensing piezoelectric ceramic group; the sensing section is connected with the clamp through a bolt; the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group is pasted on the sensing section; the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group is connected with a charge amplifier through a lead wire, the charge amplifier is connected with a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with a PC. The invention drives vibration through piezoelectric ceramics to enable the tool nose to generate an elliptical track with tiny amplitude, thereby prolonging the service life of the tool and improving the processing quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting tool system.
Background
With the continuous development of society, the mechanical processing industry has rapidly developed. The quality of the machined product depends to a large extent on the machining tool. There are many existing machining tools, of which turning tools are the most commonly used. The diamond cutter cutting ferrous metal is easy to cause graphitization damage to the cutter, and simultaneously generates a large amount of cutting heat, accelerates cutter abrasion and influences cutter machining precision.
Two-dimensional elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting is an effective processing method, a certain amplitude is introduced into the position of a tool tip to generate an elliptical cutting track, a continuous cutting process can be converted into an intermittent cutting process, chips are prevented from sticking to the tool, cutting force is reduced, and the service life of the tool is prolonged. The existing two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutter is divided into a resonant type and a non-resonant type, the non-resonant type cutter is simple in design and processing, but generally has lower vibration frequency, and under the condition of ultra-precise high-speed cutting, the separation of a cutter workpiece is not easy to realize, so that the service life of the cutter is influenced; most of the existing resonant ultrasonic vibration cutters aim at high-amplitude cutting, an amplitude transformer structure needs to be introduced, the structural size is large, the clamping of the cutters is affected, and the ultra-precision machining process is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system, which enables a cutter point to generate an elliptical track with tiny amplitude by driving vibration through piezoelectric ceramics, and improves the service life and the processing quality of a cutter. In addition, a high-frequency force sensing system is designed, so that the influence of vibration on force measurement is avoided, and the organic combination of ultrasonic vibration and cutting force monitoring is realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an ultrasonic vibration cutting and integrated cutter system of cutting force real-time supervision, includes preceding handle of a knife, back handle of a knife, tool bit, PCD blade, vibration piezoceramics subassembly, dynamometry structure subassembly, charge amplifier, data acquisition card and PC, wherein:
the tool bit is arranged at the end part of the front tool handle, and the PCD blade is fixed on the tool bit;
the vibration piezoelectric ceramic component comprises a longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group and a transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group;
the longitudinal piezoelectric vibration ceramic group and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group are fixed between the rear knife handle and the front knife handle and rotate 90 degrees between the longitudinal piezoelectric vibration ceramic group and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group;
the longitudinal piezoelectric vibration ceramic group and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group are both formed by two pairs of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces, an electrode plate is clamped in each pair of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces, the electrode plate clamped in each pair of piezoelectric ceramic pieces in the same vibration direction is connected with the anode of an ultrasonic power supply, and the electrode plate clamped in each pair of piezoelectric ceramic pieces in different vibration directions is connected with the cathode of the ultrasonic power supply;
the front knife handle and the rear knife handle are respectively provided with a fastening hole, and the fastening holes are tightly clamped by the head of the fastening screw and connected with the force measuring structure component;
the force measuring structure component comprises a sensing section, a clamp and a sensing piezoelectric ceramic group;
the sensing section is connected with the clamp through a bolt;
the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group is pasted on the sensing section;
the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group is connected with a charge amplifier through a lead wire, the charge amplifier is connected with a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with a PC.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. based on the ultrasonic transducer theory, the invention adopts a direct sandwich type cutter, takes piezoelectric ceramics as a driving device, abandons an amplitude transformer structure, adopts a three-section bending vibration mode, improves the resonance frequency, obtains higher vibration frequency, and in addition, leads the cutter structure to be more compact and reduces the processing cost.
2. The damage of the cutting tool can be reflected on the change of the cutting force, the abrasion condition of the tool can be found at the first time by introducing the real-time monitoring of the cutting force, the rejection rate is reduced, and meanwhile, the cost is also reduced.
3. The product at the present stage is difficult to combine ultrasonic vibration cutting with cutting force monitoring, and the cutter system successfully combines ultrasonic vibration cutting with cutting force monitoring, so that the performance and the function of the cutter are improved.
4. The two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting turning tool system designed by the invention has a simple structure, the piezoelectric ceramic driving element is clamped between the tool bars, the elliptic vibration track of the tool nose is realized, the intermittent contact between the tool and a workpiece is ensured, the service life of the tool is prolonged while the processing quality is improved, and meanwhile, the real-time cutting force monitoring function is introduced, so that the tool is ensured to work in a normal state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the connection of the ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated tool system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of the vibrating cutter;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the cutter system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system, which comprises a front cutter handle 2, a rear cutter handle 1, a cutter head 5, a PCD blade 6, a vibration piezoelectric ceramic component, a force measuring structure component, a charge amplifier 12, a data acquisition card 13 and a PC (personal computer) 14, as shown in figures 1-3, wherein:
the tool bit 5 is arranged at the end part of the front tool handle 2, and the PCD blade 6 is directly fixed on the tool bit 5 in a welding mode;
the front knife handle 2 and the rear knife handle 1 are respectively provided with 4 fastening holes 7 for fixing a knife, and the fastening holes 7 are tightly clamped by 8 fastening screw heads and connected with the force measuring structure component;
the vibration piezoelectric ceramic component comprises a longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 3 and a transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 4;
the longitudinal piezoelectric vibration ceramic group 3 and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 4 are fixed between the rear knife handle 1 and the front knife handle 2 through screws, and the longitudinal piezoelectric vibration ceramic group 3 and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 4 rotate for 90 degrees;
the longitudinal piezoelectric vibration ceramic group 3 and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 4 are both composed of two groups of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces, each group of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces is composed of two semicircular pieces, each two semicircular pieces form a whole circular ring, an electrode piece is clamped in each group of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces, the electrode piece clamped in each group of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces is connected with the anode of the ultrasonic power supply 8, and the cathode of the ultrasonic power supply 8 is connected between the two groups of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces;
the force measuring structure component comprises a sensing section 9, a clamp 10 and a sensing piezoelectric ceramic group 11;
the sensing section 9 is connected with the clamp 10 through 8 bolts;
the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group 11 is four square pieces and is adhered to the periphery of the sensing section 9 through epoxy resin glue;
the vibrating cutter assembly is positioned inside the sensing section 9;
the vibration cutter component comprises a front cutter handle 2, a rear cutter handle 1, a cutter head 5, a PCD blade 6, a vibration piezoelectric ceramic group and an electrode slice;
the lead-out wire of the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group 11 is connected with a charge amplifier 12, the charge amplifier 12 is connected with a data acquisition card 13, and the data acquisition card 13 is connected with a PC 14.
In the invention, the rear knife handle 1 and the front knife handle 2 are connected by a 40Cr screw, and the whole cutter system is fixedly clamped by fastening screws to fasten fastening holes 7 on the rear knife handle 1 and the front knife handle 2.
In the invention, a groove is reserved at the position of the tool bit 5, so that the PCD blade 6 is convenient to weld and assemble.
In the invention, the vibration piezoelectric ceramic component is fixed between the front knife handle 2 and the rear knife handle 1 through screws, so that the piezoelectric ceramic is always in a compressed state, and the service life of the piezoelectric ceramic is prolonged.
In the invention, the longitudinal piezoelectric vibration ceramic group 3 and the transverse piezoelectric vibration ceramic group 4 rotate 90 degrees, so that bending vibration can be generated in two orthogonal directions, and the cutter point performs elliptic vibration in combination, and the trajectory of the cutter point is ensured.
In the invention, a part of the electrode plates clamped by each pair of piezoelectric ceramic plates are alternately connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the ultrasonic signal generator, wherein the electrode plates contacted with the front knife handle and the rear knife handle are connected with the negative electrode, so that an alternating electric field is generated between the piezoelectric ceramic plates, the cutter body is ensured to be uncharged, and the safety is improved.
In the invention, the fastening holes 7 on the front and rear tool shanks must be arranged at the positions of vibration nodes, so that the vibration mode of the tool cannot be influenced by the fixation of the tool.
In the invention, the sensing section 11 sacrifices certain rigidity, and higher sensitivity of the force sensor is obtained.
The working principle of the vibration structure of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring turning tool system is as follows:
the signal end of an ultrasonic power supply 8 is respectively connected with a longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 3 and a transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 4 by using a wire, the power supply is switched on, the frequency of the signal generator is adjusted to be the three-order resonant frequency of a cutter, two output ends of the ultrasonic power supply 8 respectively output signals with the same frequency and the phase difference of 90 degrees, the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 3 and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group 4 respectively perform unidirectional bending vibration, the phase difference exists between the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group, the cutter point performs elliptic vibration in combination, the voltage value of the signal generator can be adjusted according to different cutting conditions, and the vibration displacement amplitude of the cutter point is adjusted. The 8 fastening screws clamp the fastening holes 7 in the front tool handle 2 and the rear tool handle 1, and the fastening holes 7 are located at the positions of vibration nodes of the tool, so that the fastening of the tool cannot influence the vibration mode and cannot influence the force measurement signal.
The working principle of the force measuring structure of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring turning tool system is as follows:
the sensing section 9 is provided with 8 threaded holes and is fixedly connected with the rear handle 1 and the front handle 2 through set screws, when a workpiece is cut, force is transmitted to the sensing section 9 through the rear handle 1 and the front handle 2 to cause the sensing section 9 to deform slightly, so that the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group 11 bonded on the sensing section 9 generates strain, charges with different sizes are generated on the surface of the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group 11 according to the piezoelectric effect principle, the charges are transmitted to the charge amplifier 12 through a lead to be subjected to signal conditioning, then are transmitted to the data acquisition card 13, and finally are led into the PC 14, and the measurement of three-dimensional force is realized by applying a specific decoupling method.
The cutting force real-time monitoring system has another function of indirectly detecting the sharpening effect of the turning tool. When the turning tool is used after sharpening, when the system reaches a steady state, if a force measuring signal changes suddenly, the sharpening effect of the turning tool is poor, and the turning tool needs to be changed or sharpened again.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an ultrasonic vibration cutting and integrated cutter system of cutting force real-time supervision, its characterized in that the system includes preceding handle of a knife, back handle of a knife, tool bit, PCD blade, vibration piezoceramics subassembly, dynamometry structure subassembly, charge amplifier, data acquisition card and PC, wherein:
the tool bit is arranged at the end part of the front tool handle, and the PCD blade is fixed on the tool bit;
the vibration piezoelectric ceramic component comprises a longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group and a transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group;
the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group are fixed between the rear knife handle and the front knife handle;
the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group are both formed by two pairs of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces, an electrode plate is clamped in each pair of vibration piezoelectric ceramic pieces, the electrode plate clamped in each pair of piezoelectric ceramic pieces in the same vibration direction is connected with the anode of an ultrasonic power supply, and the electrode plate clamped in each pair of piezoelectric ceramic pieces in different vibration directions is connected with the cathode of the ultrasonic power supply;
each pair of vibration piezoelectric ceramic plates consists of two semicircular ring plates, and each two semicircular ring plates form a whole circular ring;
the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group rotate 90 degrees;
the front knife handle and the rear knife handle are respectively provided with a fastening hole, and the fastening holes are tightly clamped by the head of the fastening screw and connected with the force measuring structure component;
the force measuring structure component comprises a sensing section, a clamp and a sensing piezoelectric ceramic group;
the sensing section is connected with the clamp through a bolt;
the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group is pasted on the sensing section;
the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group is connected with a charge amplifier through a lead wire, the charge amplifier is connected with a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with a PC.
2. The integrated ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring cutter system according to claim 1, wherein the PCD blade is directly fixed on the cutter head by welding.
3. The ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated tool system according to claim 1, wherein the rear tool shank and the front tool shank are connected by a screw.
4. The ultrasonically-vibratable cutting and real-time monitoring integrated tool system of claim 1, wherein the fastening hole is opened at a vibration node position.
5. The ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic group and the transverse vibration piezoelectric ceramic group are fixed between the front cutter handle and the rear cutter handle through screws.
6. The ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing piezoelectric ceramic group is four square pieces which are adhered to the periphery of the sensing section through epoxy resin glue.
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| CN201910305323.4A CN110000609B (en) | 2019-04-16 | 2019-04-16 | Ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system |
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| CN201910305323.4A CN110000609B (en) | 2019-04-16 | 2019-04-16 | Ultrasonic vibration cutting and cutting force real-time monitoring integrated cutter system |
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| CN110000609B true CN110000609B (en) | 2022-01-21 |
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| CN114378641A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-04-22 | 西南交通大学 | Four-component cutting force online monitoring intelligent knife handle |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106312689A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏工大金凯高端装备制造有限公司 | Combined type intelligent tool system with two-dimensional supersonic vibration function and real-time cutting force detection function |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101712128B (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-07-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | System for monitoring ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting state on line by utilizing electrical characteristic of energy transducer |
| CN101804575B (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2013-05-01 | 清华大学 | Elliptical ultrasonic vibration auxiliary cutting device with adjustable track |
| CN102699362B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2013-10-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Intelligent diamond cutter with real-time sensing and monitoring system and cutter body matched with intelligent diamond cutter |
| CN103495751A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-08 | 佳木斯大学 | Piezoelectric type dynamic cutting force measuring turning tool |
| US20170129062A1 (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-05-11 | Branson Ultrasonics Corporation | Work Piece Processing Device With Servo-Elastic Actuator System With Simultaneous Precision Force And Position Control |
| CN109129015A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-04 | 东华理工大学 | A kind of cutting force measurement system for Supersonic Vibration Turning |
| CN109500604B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-08-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Five-dimensional manual displacement platform, turning auxiliary system comprising five-dimensional manual displacement platform and debugging method of turning auxiliary system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106312689A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏工大金凯高端装备制造有限公司 | Combined type intelligent tool system with two-dimensional supersonic vibration function and real-time cutting force detection function |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 基于FBG的切削力测量装置设计与分析;刘明尧;《武汉理工大学学报》;20120430;第171-174页 * |
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