CN110000415A - A kind of high-speed milling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high-speed milling machines, including can control the first transfer mechanism that workbench moves along X-direction, can control the second transfer mechanism that head moves along Y direction, can control third transfer mechanism and linear guides that head moves along Z-direction, head controls balance by balance cylinder and balancing pole, head is set on spindle box, balancing pole and balance cylinder are located at the two sides of spindle box, and the two sides of spindle box have also been arranged in pairs Z axis linear guides and the two Z axis linear guides and two balancing poles on same perpendicular.High-speed milling machine sound construction of the invention, and the head section balance quality of milling machine is good, in the case where head high speed turn up 8000-16000 turns, the milling cutter on lathe still can be operated steadily.

Description

A high-speed milling machine

technical field

The invention relates to a high-speed milling machine.

Background technique

Milling machines mainly refer to machine tools that use milling cutters to process various surfaces of workpieces. Usually, the milling cutter mainly moves by rotation, and the movement of the workpiece and the milling cutter is the feed movement. It can process planes, grooves, and various curved surfaces, gears, etc. A milling machine is a machine tool that uses a milling cutter to mill a workpiece. In addition to milling planes, grooves, gear teeth, threads and spline shafts, milling machines can also process more complex profiles, with higher efficiency than planers, and are widely used in machinery manufacturing and repair departments. A machine tool for milling, drilling and boring of workpieces, and the rotating speed of the milling cutter of the existing milling machine is usually 4000-5000 rpm.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-speed milling machine with a milling cutter rotational speed of 8000-16000 revolutions.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A high-speed milling machine, comprising a first transfer mechanism capable of controlling the movement of the worktable along the X-axis direction, a second transfer mechanism capable of controlling the movement of the machine head along the Y-axis direction, The third transfer mechanism and linear guide that can control the movement of the machine head along the Z-axis. The balance of the machine head is controlled by the balance cylinder and the balance rod. The linear guide includes X-axis linear guide, Y-axis linear guide and Z-axis linear guide. The axial linear guide, the Y-axis linear guide and the Z-axis linear guide can respectively control the first transfer mechanism, the second transfer mechanism and the third transfer mechanism to move along a straight line in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. On the spindle box, the balance rod and the balance cylinder are located on both sides of the spindle box, and Z-axis linear guide rails are arranged on both sides of the spindle box in pairs, and the two Z-axis linear guide rails and the two balance rods are on the same vertical plane. .

Further, connecting pieces are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the spindle box. The connecting pieces are connected with the balance cylinder through a balance rod. One end of the balance rod is fixedly connected with the balance cylinder, and the other end is movably connected with the connecting piece. The balance rod is also sleeved with a balancer. The balance bar can move back and forth along the Z-axis on the balance block, and the bottom surface of the balance block is in contact with the saddle.

Further, the first transfer mechanism is arranged on the base, the first transfer mechanism includes a first drive motor and an X-axis screw, the bottom of the worktable is provided with a sliding seat, and the sliding seat is connected with the X-axis screw for controlling the edge of the worktable. It moves horizontally in the direction of the X-axis. X-axis linear guide rails are arranged on both sides of the sliding seat, and X-axis sliding grooves are arranged on the base. The X-axis linear guide rails can slide along the X-axis sliding grooves.

Further, the second transfer mechanism includes a second drive motor and a Y-axis screw, the machine head is mounted on the saddle, the saddle is connected with the second transfer mechanism, the Y-axis linear guide rail is arranged on the beam, and the Y-axis is provided on the saddle. Axis chute, the Y-axis linear guide rail can slide along the Y-axis chute, and the saddle is provided with a Y-axis chute corresponding to the Y-axis linear guide rail on the upper surface and side of the beam, so that the saddle is horizontal and In the vertical direction, the connection is guided by the Y-axis linear guide rail.

Further, a plurality of mutually parallel T-shaped grooves are arranged at intervals on the surface of the worktable, and the T-shaped grooves can be connected with the first processing board or the second processing board.

Further, the upper surface of the balance block is provided with a stepped boss, and the balance rod protrudes from the boss.

Further, the connecting piece is provided with a connecting column, the end of the balance rod is provided with a connecting ring, the connecting column and the connecting ring are movably connected, and a convex ring that can abut against the top surface of the boss is arranged below the connecting ring.

Further, X-axis linear guide rails are arranged at intervals on both sides of the sliding seat.

Further, a waste chute is also provided on the base, and the waste chute is arranged in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the first transfer mechanism and below the side edge of the worktable in the longitudinal direction.

Further, the interior of the spindle box is hollowed out, the machine head and the rotating motor are installed inside the spindle box, the outer surface of the spindle box is provided with a rectangular groove, and the side surface of the spindle box is provided with reinforcing ribs.

To sum up, the high-speed milling machine of the present invention has a firm structure, and the head part of the milling machine has good balance performance. When the high-speed rotation speed of the head reaches 8000-16000 rpm, the milling cutter on the machine tool can still operate smoothly.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a perspective view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the structure of the present invention.

3 is a schematic side view of the structure of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the sliding saddle, the third transfer mechanism and the spindle box of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of the structure at B of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at C of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the workbench and the first processing plate of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the workbench and the second processing plate of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1-10, a high-speed milling machine includes a first transfer mechanism 1 that can control the movement of the table 4 along the X-axis direction, a second transfer mechanism 2 that can control the movement of the machine head 51 along the Y-axis direction, and The third transfer mechanism 3 and the linear guide 8 that control the movement of the head 51 along the Z-axis direction. The head 51 is provided with a balancing cylinder 71 for balancing the head 51. The linear guide 8 includes an X-axis linear guide 81 and a Y-axis linear guide. The guide rail 82 and the Z-axis linear guide 83, the X-axis linear guide 81, the Y-axis linear guide 82 and the Z-axis linear guide 83 can respectively control the first transfer mechanism 1 and the second transfer in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. The mechanism 2 and the third transfer mechanism 3 move in a straight line.

The base 61 is provided with a first transfer mechanism 1 , the first transfer mechanism 1 includes a first drive motor 11 and an X-axis screw rod 12 , a sliding seat 41 is provided at the bottom of the worktable 4 , and the sliding seat 41 is connected with the X-axis screw rod 12 It is used to control the horizontal movement of the worktable 4 along the X-axis direction. The X-axis linear guide rails 81 are provided on both sides of the sliding seat 41, and the X-axis sliding grooves 64 are provided on the base 61. The X-axis linear guide rails 81 can slide along the X-axis. The slot 64 slides to ensure the horizontal linear movement of the table 4 . The screw drive is actually a kind of linear reciprocating motion that converts the rotary motion of the motor into a push rod. After the motor is decelerated by the gear, it drives a pair of screw nuts to turn the rotary motion of the motor into a linear motion. To complete the push rod action, a pair of lead screw nuts have high precision requirements. The center points of the lead screw and the nut are required to be on the same straight line, so as to accurately ensure that they have been doing linear reciprocating motion, thus ensuring that the worktable 4 In order to ensure that the center points of the screw and the nut are on the same straight line, the linear guide 8 can ensure its guiding performance, and the X-axis linear guide 81 provided on both sides can further ensure its guiding performance. direction. In order to reduce the friction between the X-axis linear guide rail 81 and the X-axis chute 64, so that the first transfer mechanism 1 can perform linear reciprocating motion in the X-axis direction more effortlessly, the two sides of the sliding seat 41 are spaced with X Axial linear guide 81 .

The base 61 is also provided with a waste slot 67. The waste slot 67 is arranged corresponding to the length direction of the first transfer mechanism 1 and is located below the side edge of the work table 4 in the length direction. Scrap, easy to clean and organize the workbench 4. In addition, the surface of the table 4 is provided with a plurality of T-shaped grooves 42 parallel to each other at intervals. The T-shaped grooves 42 can not only fix the mold or workpiece used for processing, but also can be used to connect with the first processing plate 43 or the second processing plate 44. connect. Specifically, there are three working modes on the worktable 4: First, the T-slot 42 is directly connected to the mold or workpiece used for processing, and the mold or workpiece used for processing is fixed on the worktable 4 through the T-slot 42 to ensure that When the milling machine is processing the workpiece, the stability of the workpiece; the second, as shown in FIG. 9 , the T-slot 42 is provided with a first processing plate 43, and the first processing plate 43 is a whole block with a plurality of circular Through-hole plate, the first processing plate 43 can add a connection method between the table 4 and the mold or workpiece used for processing, and the workpiece to be processed is overhead, which is more conducive to heat dissipation; the third type, as shown in Figure 10 , the T-shaped groove 42 is provided with a plurality of second processing plates 44, the bottom of each second processing plate 44 is connected with a T-shaped groove 42 and there is a gap between two adjacent second processing plates 44, not only can Increasing the height of the worktable 4 can also increase the heat dissipation performance and reduce the friction between the workpiece and the panel of the worktable 4 .

The side of the base 61 is provided with two uprights 62, the two uprights 62 are connected by a beam 63, the second transfer mechanism 2 is arranged on the beam 63, and the second transfer mechanism 2 includes the second drive motor 21 and the Y-axis screw 22, that is, The Y-axis screw 22 and the X-axis screw 12 are perpendicular to each other, the handpiece 51 is mounted on the saddle 9, and the saddle 9 is connected to the second transfer mechanism 2, that is, the handpiece 51 can move along the Y-axis direction. . The cross beam 63 is provided with a Y-axis linear guide rail 82, and the sliding saddle 9 is provided with a Y-axis sliding groove 65. The Y-axis linear guide rail 82 can slide along the Y-axis sliding groove 65 to ensure the horizontal linear movement of the sliding saddle 9. Specifically, In other words, the upper surface and side of the beam 63 are provided with Y-axis linear guide rails 82, and the sliding saddle 9 is provided with Y-axis sliding grooves 65 corresponding to the Y-axis linear guide rails 82 on the upper surface and side of the beam 63, so that the sliding The saddle 9 is guided and connected by the Y-axis linear guide rail 82 in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, which increases the contact area between the beam 63 and the saddle 9, thereby strengthening the connection strength of the two. Guiding in the direction. Since the second transfer mechanism 2 is located between the two Y-axis linear guide rails 82, it can further ensure that the second transfer mechanism 2 can move the handpiece 51 horizontally along the Y-axis. Preferably, the Y-axis linear guide rail 82, the beam 63 and the column 62 are all hollow structures, and the upper surfaces of the Y-axis linear guide 82, the beam 63 and the column 62 are provided with a plurality of through holes, which can reduce their weight and reduce the Small material cost.

The third transfer mechanism 3 , the spindle box 52 and the head 51 are installed on the sliding saddle 9 . A balance cylinder 71 for controlling the balance of the handpiece 51 and a Z-axis linear guide 83 for controlling the guiding of the handpiece 51 are provided. Since the machine head 51 is installed on the spindle box 52, the machine head 51 can be rotated under the driving of the rotary motor 57, and a milling cutter is often installed on the machine head 51, and the machining parts are usually processed by the rotation of the milling cutter. In the process of machining, the milling cutter rotates at a high speed, and the spindle box 52 will bear a large reaction force, and the machining of parts requires high requirements on the balance performance of the machine head. Protect. The first protection is that the balance cylinder 71 can give the spindle box 52 a bearing force, which can not only give the spindle box 52 an upward force, but also give the spindle box 52 a downward force, and can adjust the spindle box according to the actual situation. 52 left and right balance problems. The second layer of protection is the Z-axis linear guide rail 83 . The Z-axis linear guide rail 83 mainly acts as a guiding force for the handpiece 51 , especially since the third transfer mechanism 3 includes the third drive motor 31 and the Z-axis screw rod 32 , And through the screw drive is actually a kind of linear reciprocating motion that converts the rotary motion of the motor into a push rod. After the motor is decelerated by the gear, it drives a pair of screw nuts to turn the rotary motion of the motor into a linear motion. The forward and reverse rotation completes the push rod action, and a pair of screw nuts has high requirements for matching its precision. It is required that the center points of the screw rod and the nut are on the same straight line, so as to accurately ensure that they have been doing linear reciprocating motion, so as to ensure that the machine The head 51 is also doing linear reciprocating motion all the time. In order to ensure that the center points of the screw rod and the nut are on the same straight line, the Z-axis linear guide rail 83 can ensure its guiding performance.

Z-shaped connecting pieces 53 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the spindle box 52. The connecting pieces 53 are connected with the balance cylinder 71 through the balance rod 54. One end of the balance rod 54 is fixedly connected with the balance cylinder 71, and the other end is movably connected with the connecting piece 53. That is to say, the connecting member 53 is provided with a connecting column, the end of the balance rod 54 is provided with a connecting ring 56, the connecting column and the connecting ring 56 are movably connected, and the connecting ring 56 can rotate around the connecting column, that is, the balance rod 54 can also be rotated. Rotate around the connecting column. The balance rod 54 is also sleeved with a balance block 55, the balance rod 54 can move back and forth along the Z-axis direction on the balance block 55, the bottom surface of the balance block 55 is in contact with the saddle 9, and the balance block 55 can ensure that the balance cylinder 71 pushes the balance The direction of force when the block 55 moves is along the Z-axis direction. Preferably, the upper surface of the balance block 55 is provided with a stepped boss 551, the balance rod 54 passes through the boss 551, and a convex ring 552 is provided below the connecting ring 56 that can abut against the top surface of the boss 551, The design of the boss 551 increases the contact area between the balance rod 54 and the balance block 55 , and better guarantees the force movement direction of the balance rod 54 . The connecting piece 53 is zigzag-shaped, the side close to the spindle box 52 is provided with a reinforcing plate 521, and the side away from the spindle box 52 is provided with an anti-collision inclined surface 522. The reinforcing plate 521 is used to strengthen the firmness of the connecting piece 53, so that the connecting piece 53 can withstand the force generated by the larger balance cylinder 71, and the anti-collision slope 522 can cooperate with the balance block 55 to control the maximum angle that the balance rod 54 can rotate.

Since the pair of screw nuts of the third transfer mechanism 3 requires high precision, the balance cylinder 71 and the Z-axis linear guide 83 play the role of balance and guidance for double protection, ensuring the accuracy of micro-feeding and machining. . Both sides of the spindle box 52 are provided with a balance rod 54 and a balance cylinder 71 for controlling the balance of the machine head 51. Z-axis linear guide rails 83 are provided in pairs on both sides of the spindle box 52, and the two Z-axis linear guide rails 83 are connected with the two balancers. The rods 54 are all on the same vertical plane, which enables the balance cylinder 71 and the Z-axis linear guide rail 83 to play the role of balance and guidance for maximum double protection. The inner surface of the spindle box 52 is also provided with Z-axis linear guide rails 83 in pairs. The inner surface of the spindle box 52 refers to a surface that is perpendicular to both sides of the spindle box 52 and is close to the inside of the sliding saddle 9. The sliding saddle 9 is provided with There are Z-axis sliding grooves 66 cooperating with the two pairs of Z-axis linear guide rails 83 . In order to facilitate the observation of the height relationship of the headstock 52 relative to the sliding saddle 9 or to increase the flexibility thereof, the Z-axis linear guide rail 83 is provided with oil holes 831 that are evenly spaced. The oil hole 831 can be filled with lubricating oil, and the oil hole 831 is sealed by the interference fit of the silicone cover, and the lubricating oil can make the Z-axis linear guide 83 and the Z-axis chute 66 slide more flexibly.

The side of the Z-axis linear guide rail 83 is provided with a concave portion, and the Z-axis sliding groove 66 is provided with a convex portion, and the convex portion can slide along the concave portion, thereby further ensuring the stability of its guiding performance. Since the rotation of the milling cutter will generate a large reaction force on the headstock 52 during the machining process, there are higher requirements for the installation of the machine head 51 and the rotary motor 57 . In order to reduce the weight of the spindle box 52, the inside of the spindle box 52 is hollowed out. A window 58 is provided on the side of the spindle box 52 , in order to increase the firmness of the spindle box 52 , a reinforcing rib is arranged on the side of the spindle box 52 .

Example 2:

The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that the machine head 51 and the rotary motor 57 can move up and down in the headstock 52 under the control of the lifting device, which means that there are two up and down adjustment in the Z-axis direction. The two sets of devices that can be adjusted up and down can meet the processing requirements of different precision, that is, the spindle box 52 can move up and down under the control of the third transfer mechanism 3, thereby driving the head 51 to adjust up and down. In addition, the head 51 itself It can also move up and down in the headstock 52 , of course, whenever the milling cutter installed on the machine head is exposed to the surface of the headstock 52 . When the precision of the workpiece to be processed is relatively small, it is only necessary to adjust the position of the machine head 51 relative to the spindle box 52. When the precision of the workpiece to be processed is required to be high, the position of the spindle box 52 can be adjusted by the screw rod to ensure accurate accuracy.

In addition, a window 58 is provided on the outer surface of the spindle box 52. The window 58 includes an inspection window 581 and a gear window 582. The area of the inspection window 581 is larger than that of the gear window 582; 51 and the maintenance of the rotary motor 57, and the gear window 582 can observe the height of the movement of the machine head 51 relative to the headstock 52.

Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-speed milling machine, characterized in that it comprises a first transfer mechanism (1) that can control the movement of the worktable (4) along the X-axis direction, and a second transfer mechanism (1) that can control the head (51) to move along the Y-axis direction. A transfer mechanism (2), a third transfer mechanism (3) capable of controlling the movement of the handpiece (51) along the Z-axis direction, and a linear guide rail (8), the handpiece (51) passes through a balance cylinder (71) and a balance rod (54) ) to control the balance, the linear guide (8) includes X-axis linear guide (81), Y-axis linear guide (82) and Z-axis linear guide (83), X-axis linear guide (81), Y-axis linear guide (82) and the Z-axis linear guide rail (83) can respectively control the first transfer mechanism (1), the second transfer mechanism (2) and the third transfer mechanism (3) to move along a straight line in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction , the machine head (51) is arranged on the spindle box (52), the balance rod (54) and the balance cylinder (71) are located on both sides of the spindle box (52), and the two sides of the spindle box (52) are also provided in pairs with Z The axis linear guide (83) and the two Z-axis linear guides (83) and the two balance bars (54) are all on the same vertical plane. 2 . The high-speed milling machine according to claim 1 , wherein the top of the spindle box ( 52 ) is symmetrically provided with connecting pieces ( 53 ) on both sides, and the connecting pieces ( 53 ) are connected to the balance rod ( 54 ) through the balance rod ( 54 ). 3 . The cylinder (71) is connected, one end of the balance rod (54) is fixedly connected with the balance cylinder (71), and the other end is movably connected with the connecting piece (53). (54) can move back and forth along the Z-axis direction on the balance block (55), and the bottom surface of the balance block (55) is in contact with the saddle (9). 3. A high-speed milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first transfer mechanism (1) is arranged on the base (61), and the first transfer mechanism (1) comprises a first drive motor (11) and a The X-axis screw (12), the bottom of the worktable (4) is provided with a sliding seat (41), and the sliding seat (41) is connected with the X-axis screw (12) for controlling the worktable (4) along the X-axis direction For horizontal movement, X-axis linear guide rails (81) are provided on both sides of the sliding seat (41), and X-axis sliding grooves (64) are provided on the base (61), and the X-axis linear guide rails (81) can follow the X-axis sliding grooves. (64) SLIDE. 4. A high-speed milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second transfer mechanism (2) comprises a second drive motor (21) and a Y-axis screw (22), and the machine head (51) is mounted on the On the sliding saddle (9), the sliding saddle (9) is connected with the second transfer mechanism (2), the Y-axis linear guide rail (82) is arranged on the beam (63), and the sliding saddle (9) is provided with a Y-axis chute ( 65), the Y-axis linear guide rail (82) can slide along the Y-axis chute (65), and the sliding saddle (9) is provided with the Y-axis linear guide rail (82) corresponding to the upper surface and the side of the beam (63). The Y-axis chute (65) of the y-axis, so that the saddle (9) is guided and connected by the Y-axis linear guide rail (82) in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. 5. A high-speed milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of mutually parallel T-slots (42) are arranged on the surface of the worktable (4) at intervals, and the T-slots (42) can be connected with the first A processing board (43) or a second processing board (44) is connected. 6 . The high-speed milling machine according to claim 2 , wherein a stepped boss ( 551 ) is provided on the upper surface of the balance block ( 55 ), and the balance rod ( 54 ) extends from the boss ( 551 ). 7 . wear out. 7 . The high-speed milling machine according to claim 2 , characterized in that: the connecting piece ( 53 ) is provided with a connecting column, the end of the balance rod ( 54 ) is provided with a connecting ring ( 56 ), the connecting column and the connection The ring (56) is movably connected, and a convex ring (552) capable of abutting against the top surface of the boss (551) is arranged below the connecting ring (56). 8 . The high-speed milling machine according to claim 3 , wherein X-axis linear guide rails ( 81 ) are provided at intervals on both sides of the sliding seat ( 41 ). 9 . 9. The high-speed milling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the base (61) is further provided with a waste slot (67), and the waste slot (67) is arranged at a length corresponding to the first transfer mechanism (1). direction and below the side edge in the length direction of the table (4). 10. The high-speed milling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the interior of the headstock (52) is hollowed out, the machine head (51) and the rotary motor (57) are installed inside the headstock (52), and the headstock (52) is installed inside the headstock (52). The outer surface of (52) is provided with a rectangular groove (58), and the side surface of the spindle box (52) is provided with reinforcing ribs.