CN109997884B - Method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using biological inhibitor - Google Patents
Method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using biological inhibitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109997884B CN109997884B CN201910282318.6A CN201910282318A CN109997884B CN 109997884 B CN109997884 B CN 109997884B CN 201910282318 A CN201910282318 A CN 201910282318A CN 109997884 B CN109997884 B CN 109997884B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using a biological inhibitor, which utilizes straw vinegar liquid and fresh plant fermentation liquid as spirogyra inhibitors, not only can realize high-value utilization of straws, but also can promote garbage classification and reduction, and can promote greening and environmental protection of paddy rice planting; the spirogyra inhibitor has the characteristics of naturalness, environmental protection, simple production and the like; the inhibitor contains various substances and microorganisms such as acids, alcohols, phenols, enzymes and the like, has the characteristic of inhibiting the growth of spirogyra, and has multiple effects of resisting diseases, expelling parasites, promoting growth and purifying water quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using a multifunctional natural biological inhibitor.
Background
Over the years, in the rice planting process, the amount of chemical fertilizers is continuously increased, and particularly, a large amount of phosphate fertilizers are used, so that the water eutrophication degree of a rice field is gradually serious, large-area growth of rice field spirogyra is caused, and good growth and fructification of rice are influenced. Meanwhile, due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the stress resistance of rice is weakened, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is more and more serious, so that the quality of rice is reduced; these factors severely restrict the green sustainable development of the rice industry in China. The use of green agricultural inputs (pesticides, fertilizers) with multiple efficacies is a necessary choice for the development of agricultural cycles.
Straw resources are the most abundant resources in the world, the comprehensive utilization of crop straws is more and more concerned, and the straws can be pyrolyzed to obtain various products such as biochar, vinegar liquid, biogas and the like. The domestic garbage is piled up like a mountain, which affects the township construction and the beautiful countryside construction, and fresh plant wastes are used as raw materials to obtain fermentation liquor and fermentation solids through microbial fermentation treatment. The use of green and environment-friendly input products in the rice planting process is the key point for promoting the sustainable development of the rice.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a method for controlling rice field spirogyra using multifunctional natural biostatic agents.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using a biological inhibitor, which utilizes straw vinegar and fresh plant fermentation liquor as spirogyra inhibitors, not only can realize high-value utilization of straws, but also can promote garbage classification and reduction, and can promote greening and environmental protection of paddy rice planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using a biological inhibitor comprises the following specific steps:
(1) crushing and drying crop straws, compressing the crop straws, pyrolyzing the crop straws in a pyrolysis furnace, cooling and collecting pyrolysis liquid, standing for 20-30 days, and taking a middle layer to obtain straw vinegar liquid;
(2) mixing plant waste and pulverized buckwheat according to the weight ratio of 8-9: 1 to obtain a plant material mixture;
(3) mixing the plant raw material mixture obtained in the step (2) with molasses and water according to the ratio of 3: 1: 10, fully stirring, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30 days, carrying out completely sealed anaerobic fermentation for 60 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the fermentation is finished, and taking supernatant to obtain plant fermentation liquor;
(4) mixing the straw vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the plant fermentation liquid obtained in the step (3) according to the ratio of 1: 1-5, adding water with volume of 5-8 times, mixing to obtain biological inhibitor, sealing, and storing in shade;
(5) diluting the biological inhibitor obtained in the step (4) to 100-200 times, and irrigating the rice field for 2-3 times to avoid irrigating in rainy days.
Further, the crushing and drying in the step (1) comprises the following specific steps: pulverizing crop straw to 1-2 cm, and drying at 105 deg.C for 4 hr.
Further, the pyrolysis temperature in the step (1) is 400-500 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 3-5 h.
Further, the plant wastes in the step (2) comprise a plurality of fresh samples such as vegetable leaves and fruit peels.
Further, the plant waste in the step (2) is cut to 1-2 cm, and the buckwheat is crushed and sieved by a 50-mesh sieve.
Further, the solid-liquid separation in the step (3) can adopt a solid-liquid separator, centrifugal separation or filtration and other modes.
Further, the application of the straw vinegar liquid in controlling the paddy field spirogyra.
Further, application of plant fermentation liquor in controlling paddy field spirogyra
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for controlling the paddy field spirogyra by using the biological inhibitor is disclosed, and the straw vinegar liquid and the fresh plant fermentation liquid are used as the spirogyra inhibitor, so that the high-value utilization of the straw can be realized, the garbage classification and reduction can be promoted, and the greening and environmental protection of the paddy rice planting can be promoted; the spirogyra inhibitor has the characteristics of naturalness, environmental protection, simple production and the like; the inhibitor contains various substances and microorganisms such as acids, alcohols, phenols, enzymes and the like, has the characteristic of inhibiting the growth of spirogyra, and has multiple effects of resisting diseases, expelling parasites, promoting growth and purifying water quality. The straw vinegar liquid and the plant fermentation liquid are independently used, and the effect of controlling spirogyra can be achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the morphological changes of a sponge treated with straw vinegar of different dilutions in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the morphological changes of a lower sponge treated with different dilutions of a plant fermentation broth according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the chlorophyll content in spirogyra treated with different ratios of the bio-inhibitor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of spirogyra before and after treatment with the biostatic agent of the present invention;
wherein, A is untreated spirogyra (blank control), and B is a micrograph of spirogyra treated by the biological inhibitor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Crushing crop straws to 1-2 cm, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 105 ℃ for 4 hours, compressing, and pyrolyzing in a pyrolysis furnace at the pyrolysis temperature of 450 ℃ for 4 hours; cooling, collecting pyrolysis liquid, standing for 25 days, and collecting the middle layer to obtain straw vinegar liquid.
The obtained straw vinegar was diluted 100, 300, 500, 700 and 900 times, respectively, and the results are shown in FIG. 1, with the cotton treated and untreated as a Control (CK).
The results in FIG. 1 show that the color of the spirogyra changes from green to yellow after the straw vinegar liquid is treated by different dilutions, the spirogyra body changes from hard to soft, the spirogyra is black at 100 dilutions, the spirogyra body is soft, and the growth of the spirogyra is greatly inhibited.
Example 2
Cutting vegetable leaves, fruit peels and other plant wastes into 1-2 cm, crushing buckwheat, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, and mixing the plant wastes and the buckwheat according to the weight ratio of 8: 1 to obtain a plant material mixture; mixing the plant raw material mixture with molasses and water according to the weight ratio of 3: 1: 10, fully stirring, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30 days (fully stirring once every day), then carrying out completely sealed anaerobic fermentation for 60 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the fermentation is finished, and taking supernatant to obtain plant fermentation liquor.
The obtained plant fermentation liquids were diluted by 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 times, respectively, and the results are shown in FIG. 2, in which spirogyra was treated and untreated was used as a Control (CK).
The results in FIG. 2 show that the color of the spirogyra obtained after the treatment of the plant fermentation liquid with the dilution of 20-60 is changed from green to yellow, the spirogyra body is also damaged by the cell structure and is changed from hard to soft, and the growth of the spirogyra is influenced.
Example 3
A method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using a biological inhibitor comprises the following specific steps:
(1) crushing crop straws to 1-2 cm, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 105 ℃ for 4 hours, compressing, and pyrolyzing in a pyrolysis furnace at the pyrolysis temperature of 450 ℃ for 4 hours; cooling and collecting pyrolysis liquid, standing for 25 days, and taking the middle layer to obtain straw vinegar liquid;
(2) cutting vegetable leaves, fruit peels and other plant wastes into 1-2 cm, crushing buckwheat, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, and mixing the plant wastes and the buckwheat according to the weight ratio of 8: 1 to obtain a plant material mixture;
(3) mixing the plant raw material mixture obtained in the step (2) with molasses and water according to the ratio of 3: 1: 10, fully stirring, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30 days (fully stirring once every day), then carrying out completely sealed anaerobic fermentation for 60 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the fermentation is finished, and taking supernatant to obtain plant fermentation liquor;
(4) respectively mixing the straw vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the plant fermentation liquid obtained in the step (3) according to the weight ratio of 1: 1. 1: 2. 1: 3. 1: 4. 1: 5, adding water with the volume 5 times that of the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological inhibitor, and sealing and storing in shade and cool and dark places;
(5) and (5) diluting the biological inhibitor obtained in the step (4) to 100 times, and irrigating the rice field for 2 times to avoid irrigating in rainy days.
Measuring the chlorophyll content of the treated spirogyra in 24h, 48h and 144h respectively; chlorophyll is a determination index of the growth of spirogyra, and the chlorophyll determination method adopts acetone: the results of the colorimetric ethanol (1:1) extraction are shown in FIG. 3, and the chlorophyll content is reduced by 56% at most after 144 hours, which is obviously lower than that of the untreated (blank control group).
The water temperature, COD and pH were measured at the same time, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The results in Table 1 show that the biological inhibitor of the invention in example 3 slightly increases the water temperature by 0.4-0.6 ℃, the pH value is reduced, the increase of the water temperature and the reduction of the pH value of the water body are beneficial to the growth of seedlings, the COD in the water body is obviously reduced, the water quality environment is improved, and the COD is determined by the national standard potassium dichromate method (GB/T11914).
Mixing straw vinegar liquid and plant fermentation liquid according to the proportion of 1: 3, diluting to 100 times, processing the spirogyra for 144h, and observing the spirogyra under an optical microscope at a magnification of 40 times, wherein the result is shown in figure 4; the results show that the structure of the treated spirogyra bodies has been disrupted, inhibiting their growth.
Example 4
A method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using a biological inhibitor comprises the following specific steps:
(2) crushing crop straws to 1-2 cm, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 105 ℃ for 4 hours, compressing, and pyrolyzing in a pyrolysis furnace at the pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃ for 3 hours; cooling and collecting pyrolysis liquid, standing for 30 days, and taking the middle layer to obtain straw vinegar liquid;
(2) cutting vegetable leaves, fruit peels and other plant wastes into 1-2 cm, crushing buckwheat, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, and mixing the plant wastes and the buckwheat according to the weight ratio of 9: 1 to obtain a plant material mixture;
(3) mixing the plant raw material mixture obtained in the step (2) with molasses and water according to the ratio of 3: 1: 10, fully stirring, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30 days (fully stirring once every day), then carrying out completely sealed anaerobic fermentation for 60 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the fermentation is finished, and taking supernatant to obtain plant fermentation liquor;
(4) respectively mixing the straw vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the plant fermentation liquid obtained in the step (3) according to the weight ratio of 1: 1. 1: 2. 1: 3. 1: 4. 1: 5, adding 8 times of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological inhibitor, and sealing and storing in shade and in dark;
(5) and (4) diluting the biological inhibitor obtained in the step (4) to 200 times, and irrigating the rice field for 3 times to avoid irrigating in rainy days.
When the spirogyra is treated by using the biological inhibitor prepared in the example 4, after 144 hours of treatment, the chlorophyll content of the spirogyra is obviously reduced, the water temperature is slightly increased, the pH value is reduced to some extent, and the COD is also obviously reduced.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using a biological inhibitor is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) crushing and drying crop straws, compressing, pyrolyzing, cooling, collecting pyrolysis liquid, standing for 20-30 days, and taking a middle layer to obtain straw vinegar liquid;
(2) mixing plant waste and pulverized buckwheat according to the weight ratio of 8-9: 1 to obtain a plant material mixture;
(3) mixing the plant raw material mixture obtained in the step (2) with molasses and water according to the ratio of 3: 1: 10, fully stirring, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30 days, carrying out completely sealed anaerobic fermentation for 60 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the fermentation is finished, and taking supernatant to obtain plant fermentation liquor;
(4) mixing the straw vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the plant fermentation liquid obtained in the step (3) according to the ratio of 1: 1-5, adding water with volume of 5-8 times, mixing to obtain biological inhibitor, sealing, and storing in shade;
(5) diluting the biological inhibitor obtained in the step (4) to 100-fold and 200-fold, and irrigating the rice field for 2-3 times.
2. The method for controlling paddy field spirogyra by using the biostatic agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushing and drying of step (1) comprises the following steps: pulverizing crop straw to 1-2 cm, and drying at 105 deg.C for 4 hr.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis temperature in step (1) is 400-500 ℃ and the pyrolysis time is 3-5 h.
4. The method for controlling paddy field spirogyra using biostatic agents as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant wastes of step (2) comprise leaves and peels of vegetables.
5. The method for controlling paddy field spirogyra with biostatic agents as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant waste of step (2) is a fresh sample, cut to 1-2 cm, and the buckwheat is pulverized and sieved with a 50 mesh sieve.
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