CN109997786A - 一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,包括如下步骤:(1)选育(2)按顺序给雏鸡喂食主饲料;再喂食混合饲料,期间内隔天喂食1次艾草水煮液;然后喂食混合饲料和营养剂,期间每天喂食2次艾草水煮液,养成90日龄雏鸡(3)将饲养场地划分S1、S2和S3区域,S1区域种植艾草、红景天和肉苁蓉,在S2区域种芦根、鸡血藤和余甘子,S3区域种植麦芽、杜仲和炙红芪作为放养鸡的青饲料(4)放养管理,春、秋季节在S1区域放养,夏季在S2区域放养,冬季在S3区域放养(5)常见鸡病防治。本发明的方法采用不同阶段不同的特制饲料喂食,配合干艾草熏养,可以起到增强鸡群免疫力,减少疾病的发生,改善鸡的品质,肉质鲜美、口感好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及禽类养殖技术领域,具体是一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法。
背景技术
目前,规模化养鸡大多数采用笼舍高密度饲养,在恶劣拥挤的饲养条件下,动物免疫力下降,容易受到病毒侵害。同时,人工添加饲料喂养和生长素的应用,虽然能促进鸡的成长,但饲养出来的鸡肉肉质差,同时环境污染严重。
现代化禽类养殖产业已进入了转型化阶段,即从普及发展转为提高生产效率和产品质量阶段。在转型期常规的技术已暴露出明显的弱点,例如饲料的选取和常见鸡病的预防,对于饲料的选取,市场上所售饲料,难以满足鸡生长过程营养成分均衡的供给;而在常见鸡病预防方面,则是在饲养鸡的过程给鸡喂养抗生素、注射各类疫苗,而导致药物在鸡的体内残留有害物质,妨碍鸡的健康生长,还会影响鸡的吸钙性能;与此同时,生态环境也会受到污染。
现有技术关于鸡的绿色生态养殖方法,通常存在如下缺陷:
(1)难以实现从源头上防病治病,鸡肉品质有待提高,汤味涩口;
(2)肉鸡在临近出售阶段精神状态不佳,而且经常拉稀;
(3)残留农药成分导致肉鸡检测出含有微量农药成分。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的不足,适应现实发展,提供一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)选育,选生长发育良好,年龄在3~18个月内的待育鸡,按公母鸡比例1:(8~10)组成基础群放入艾草种植场地进行养殖,产蛋孵化后,选择符合品种特征、健康的雏鸡;
(2)育雏,先将孵化出壳后的雏鸡用干艾草烟熏10~30min,再移至育雏室,并在雏鸡移至育雏室5h内控制育雏室的温度在33~35℃、湿度在63~65%;从第六小时开始,控制育雏室的温度在24~30℃、湿度在58~60%;待雏鸡开始饮水7~9h,再开始给雏鸡喂食主饲料10~20d,养成10~20日龄的雏鸡;
给上述10~20日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料20~30d,在该期间内隔天喂食1次艾草水煮液,养成30~50日龄的雏鸡;
给上述30~50日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料和营养剂,在该期间内每天喂食2次艾草水煮液,养成90日龄的雏鸡;
(3)饲养场地划分,选具沙质的土坡作为饲养场地,并将饲养场地划分为S1、S2和S3区域,三个区域之间通过围栏或围网相隔,在S1区域种植艾草、红景天和肉苁蓉,在S2区域种植芦根、鸡血藤和余甘子,在S3区域种植麦芽、杜仲和炙红芪以作为放养鸡的青饲料;
根据饲养量在饲养场地内搭建多个鸡舍,鸡舍的四周除门以外围上不透风的围墙,上盖避雨材料,下铺水泥,围墙上端与避雨材料之间留有空隙;
(4)放养管理,对90日龄的雏鸡进行放养,春、秋季节在S1区域放养,夏季在S2区域放养,冬季在S3区域放养;
(5)常见鸡病防治,将金龙胆草20~30份、金果榄15~25份、青叶胆10~20份和青葙子5~10份煮水,以每周3~5次的频率给放养鸡饮用,并且定期对鸡舍进行消毒处理。
对上述基础技术方案优选,所述待育鸡选自于鸡、乌骨鸡、野山鸡中的一种。
对上述基础技术方案优选,所述主饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:高粱20~30份、艾草15~25份、红薯丁12~20份、石斛8~14份、熟地黄6~10份、桂圆肉3~9份、炙甘草5~7份、虾壳粉3~5份、山药3~9份和豆粕2~5份。
对上述基础技术方案优选,所述混合饲料由主饲料和副饲料混成,所述副饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:杠板归8~12份、谷芽6~10份和山楂1~2份。
对上述基础技术方案优选,所述营养剂由如下重量份的原料混合制成颗粒剂:氯化钠10~15份、碳酸镁10~15份、硫酸亚铁5~8份、硫酸锌5~8份、硒蛋白3~6份和葡萄糖40~60份。
对上述基础技术方案优选,所述主饲料的制备方法如下:将主饲料用80~100℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理10~20min,对主饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为5~8%。
对上述基础技术方案优选,所述副饲料的制备方法如下:将副饲料用80~100℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理10~20min,对副饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为5~8%。
对上述基础技术方案优选,所述饲养场地的坡度为0~15°,所述围栏或围网的高度为1.5~2米,所述鸡舍的高度为1.8~2.2米。
对上述基础技术方案优选,S1区域艾草的种植密度为10000~30000株/亩。
对上述基础技术方案优选,放养密度为100~500只/亩。
艾草,栽培或野生,全国大部分地区均有生产,原植物生于荒地林缘,喜温暖湿润气候,耐旱、耐荫,以土层深厚肥沃、富含腐殖质的壤土最宜生长;艾草清香四溢,味苦辛,对身体保健特别有益处;艾的“本草”记载《名医别录》:味苦,微温,无毒。主炙百病,可作煎,止下痢,吐血,下部匿疮,妇人漏血,利阴气,生肌肉,辟风寒,使人有子。又,艾,生寒熟热。主下血,衄血、脓血痢,水煮及丸散任用。
红景天,甘、苦,平。归肺、心经。益气活血,通脉平喘。用于气虛血瘀,胸痹心痛,中风偏瘫,倦怠气喘。
肉苁蓉,甘、咸,温。归肾、大肠经。补肾阳,益精亂,润肠通便。用于肾阳不足,精血亏虛,阳痿不孕,腰膝酸软,筋骨无力,肠燥便秘。
芦根,甘,寒。归肺、胃经。清热泻火,生津止渴,除烦,止呕,利尿。用于热病烦渴,肺热咳嗽,肺痈吐脓,胃热呕哕,热淋涩痛。
鸡血藤,苦、甘,温。归肝、肾经。活血补血,调经止痛,舒筋活络。用于月经不调,痛经,经闭,风湿痹痛,麻木瘫痰,虚虚萎黄。
余甘子,甘、酸、湩,凉。归肺、胃经。清热凉血,消食健胃,生津止咳。用于血热血搬,消化不良,腹胀,晐嗽,喉痛,口干。
麦芽,甘,平。归脾、胃经。行气消食,健脾开胃,回乳消胀。用于食积不消,脘腹胀痛,脾虛食少,乳汁郁积,乳房胀痛,妇女断乳,肝郁胁痛,肝胃气痛。生麦芽健脾和胃,疏肝行气。用于脾虚食少,乳汁郁积。炒麦芽行气消食回乳。用于食积不消,妇女断乳。焦麦芽消食化滞。用于食积不消,脘腹胀痛。
杜仲,甘,温。归肝、肾经。补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎。用于肝肾不足,腰膝酸痛,筋骨无力,头晕目眩,妊娠漏血,胎动不安。
炙红芪,散寒燥湿,醒脾消食。用于脘腹冷痛,食积胀满,呕吐泄泻,饮酒过多。
金龙胆草,苦,寒。归肺、肝经。清热化痰,止咳平喘,解毒利湿,凉血止血。用于肺热咳嗽,痰多气喘,咽痛,口疮,湿热黄疸,衄血,便血,崩漏,外伤出血。
金果榄,苦,寒。归肺、大肠经。清热解毒,利咽,止痛。用于咽喉肿痛,痈疽疔毒,泄泻,痢疾,脘腹疼痛。
青叶胆,苦、甘,寒。归肝、胆、膀胱经。清肝利胆,澝热利湿。用于肝胆湿热,黄疸尿赤,胆胀胁痛,热淋涩痛。
青葙子,苦,微寒。归肝经。清肝泻火,明目退翳。用于肝热目赤,目生翳膜,视物昏花,肝火眩晕。
红薯,含有丰富而特殊的维生素C、维生素E和钾元素。其中维C能明显地增强人体对感冒等多种病毒的抵抗力;维E则能促进人的性欲、延缓衰老。钾元素能有效地防止高血压、中风和心血管病的发生。日本科学家研究发现薯块中含有一种不能从鸡、鸭、鱼肉类获得的胶原粘液蛋白,该物质能保持人体动脉血管壁的弹性,有效地防止动脉血管粥样硬化。
石斛,甘,微寒。归胃、肾经。益胃生津,滋阴清热。用于热病津伤,口干烦渴,胃阴不足,食少干呕,病后虚热不退,阴虚火旺,骨蒸劳热,目暗不明,筋骨痿软。
熟地黄,甘,微温。归肝、肾经。补血滋明,益精填髓。用于血虚萎黄,心悸怔忡,月经不调,崩漏下血,肝肾阴虛,腰膝酸软,骨蒸潮热,盗汗遗精,内热消渴,眩晕,耳鸣,须发早白。
桂圆肉,益心脾,补气血,安神志。主治虚劳羸弱,心悸任忡,失眠健忘,脾虚腹泻,产后浮肿,精神不振,自汗盗汗等病症。
炙甘草,甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾和胃,益气复脉。用于脾胄虚弱,倦怠乏力,心动悸,脉结代。
虾壳粉,含有丰富的蛋白质和矿物质,尤其是钙的含量极为丰富,有“钙库”之称,是缺钙者补钙的较佳途径。含有丰富的镁元素,镁对心脏活动具有重要的调节作用,能很好地保护心血管系统,可以减少血液中的胆固醇含量,对于预防动脉硬化、高血压及心肌梗死有一定的作用。还具有镇定作用,常用来治疗神经衰弱、植物神经功能紊乱等症。老年人常食虾皮,可预防自身因缺钙所致的骨质疏松症;老年人的饭菜里放一些虾皮,对提高食欲和增强体质都很有好处。
山药,甘,平。归脾、肺、肾经。补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。用于脾虚食少,久泻不止,肺虚喘咳,肾虚遗精,带下,尿频,虚热消渴。麸炒山药补脾健胃。用于脾虚食少,泄泻便溏,白带过多。
杠板归,酸,微寒。归肺、膀胱经。清热解毒,利水消肿,止咳。用于咽喉肿痛,肺热咳嗽,小儿顿咳,水肿尿少,湿热泻痢,湿疹,疖肿,蛇虫咬伤。
谷芽,甘,温。归脾、胃经。消食和中,健脾开胃。用于食积不消,腹胀口臭,脾胃虚弱,不饥食少。炒谷芽偏于消食,用于不饥食少。焦谷芽善化积滞,用于积滞不消。
山楂,酸、甘,微温。归脾、胃、肝经。消食健胃,行气散瘀,化浊降脂。用于肉食积滞,胃脘胀满,泻痢腹痛,瘀血经闭,产后瘀阻,心腹刺痛,胸痹心痛,疝气疼痛,髙脂血症。焦山楂消食导滞作用增强。用于肉食积滞,泻痢不爽。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和积极效果如下:
本发明生态方法养殖的艾草鸡的鸡肉肉质好,艾草鸡的屠宰率提高了8.2%,半净膛率提高了5.9%,全净膛率提高了5.5%;氨基酸总量提高了7.8%,同时,该方法显著提高了鸡的免疫和抗病能力,提高了鸡的生长机能,以便于从源头上防治治病,进而提高鸡肉品质,本发明生态方法养殖的艾草鸡患病率降低了42.6%,死亡率降低了45.2%,1周岁龄的鸡体重提高了17.4%,平均蛋重提高了6.2%,并且该方法养殖的鸡在临近出售阶段精神状态良好,各项体征检测均正常,体内没有残留农药,另外,本发明方法不会污染环境。
本发明方法采用不同阶段不同的特制饲料喂食,有利于在鸡的体内产生大量的维生素、氨基酸和多种酶促生长因子,配合干艾草点燃,将孵化后的仔鸡烟熏10~30分钟,可以起到增强鸡群免疫力,抑制病原菌的繁殖,减少疾病的发生,还可以改善鸡的品质,使鸡皮毛色泽光滑发亮、肉质鲜美、口感好,减少抗生素的使用,同时减少其它药物在动物体内的残留,提高食用安全性。
本发明将药效功能不同的饲料进行复配,协同配合艾草水煮液,通过本发明养殖的鸡保健功效明显提高,强筋骨、益精血,生津益肺,解毒化毒、驱风去湿、杀菌、补血、清热。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施例做详细说明。
实施例1
一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)选育,选生长发育良好,年龄在12个月的乌骨鸡,按公母鸡比例1:9组成基础群放入艾草种植场地进行养殖,产蛋孵化后,选择符合品种特征、健康的雏鸡;
(2)育雏,先将孵化出壳后的雏鸡用干艾草烟熏20min,再移至育雏室,并在雏鸡移至育雏室5h内控制育雏室的温度在34℃、湿度在64%;从第六小时开始,控制育雏室的温度在27℃、湿度在59%;待雏鸡开始饮水8h,再开始给雏鸡喂食主饲料15d,养成15日龄的雏鸡;
给上述15日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料25d,在该期间内隔天喂食1次艾草水煮液,养成40日龄的雏鸡;
给上述40日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料和营养剂,在该期间内每天喂食2次艾草水煮液,养成90日龄的雏鸡;
(3)饲养场地划分,选具沙质的土坡作为饲养场地,并将饲养场地划分为S1、S2和S3区域,三个区域之间通过围栏或围网相隔,在S1区域种植艾草、红景天和肉苁蓉,在S2区域种植芦根、鸡血藤和余甘子,在S3区域种植麦芽、杜仲和炙红芪以作为放养鸡的青饲料;
根据饲养量在饲养场地内搭建多个鸡舍,鸡舍的四周除门以外围上不透风的围墙,上盖避雨材料,下铺水泥,围墙上端与避雨材料之间留有空隙;
所述饲养场地的坡度为10°,所述围栏或围网的高度为1.8米,所述鸡舍的高度为2.0米;
S1区域艾草的种植密度为20000株/亩;
(4)放养管理,对90日龄的雏鸡进行放养,春、秋季节在S1区域放养,夏季在S2区域放养,冬季在S3区域放养,放养密度为300只/亩;
(5)常见鸡病防治,将金龙胆草25份、金果榄20份、青叶胆15份和青葙子8份煮水,以每周3~5次的频率给放养鸡饮用,并且定期对鸡舍进行消毒处理。
所述主饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:高粱25份、艾草20份、红薯丁16份、石斛10份、熟地黄8份、桂圆肉6份、炙甘草6份、虾壳粉4份、山药6份和豆粕3.5份,所述主饲料的制备方法如下:将主饲料用90℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理15min,对主饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为6%。
所述混合饲料由主饲料和副饲料混成,所述副饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:杠板归10份、谷芽8份和山楂1.5份,所述副饲料的制备方法如下:将副饲料用90℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理15min,对副饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为6%。
所述营养剂由如下重量份的原料混合制成颗粒剂:氯化钠12份、碳酸镁12.5份、硫酸亚铁12.5份、硫酸锌6.5份、硒蛋白4.5份和葡萄糖50份。
实施例2
一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)选育,选生长发育良好,年龄在18个月内的野山鸡,按公母鸡比例1:10组成基础群放入艾草种植场地进行养殖,产蛋孵化后,选择符合品种特征、健康的雏鸡;
(2)育雏,先将孵化出壳后的雏鸡用干艾草烟熏30min,再移至育雏室,并在雏鸡移至育雏室5h内控制育雏室的温度在35℃、湿度在65%;从第六小时开始,控制育雏室的温度在30℃、湿度在60%;待雏鸡开始饮水9h,再开始给雏鸡喂食主饲料20d,养成20日龄的雏鸡;
给上述20日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料30d,在该期间内隔天喂食1次艾草水煮液,养成50日龄的雏鸡;
给上述50日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料和营养剂,在该期间内每天喂食2次艾草水煮液,养成90日龄的雏鸡;
(3)饲养场地划分,选具沙质的土坡作为饲养场地,并将饲养场地划分为S1、S2和S3区域,三个区域之间通过围栏或围网相隔,在S1区域种植艾草、红景天和肉苁蓉,在S2区域种植芦根、鸡血藤和余甘子,在S3区域种植麦芽、杜仲和炙红芪以作为放养鸡的青饲料;
根据饲养量在饲养场地内搭建多个鸡舍,鸡舍的四周除门以外围上不透风的围墙,上盖避雨材料,下铺水泥,围墙上端与避雨材料之间留有空隙;
所述饲养场地的坡度为15°,所述围栏或围网的高度为2米,所述鸡舍的高度为2.2米;
S1区域艾草的种植密度为30000株/亩;
(4)放养管理,对90日龄的雏鸡进行放养,春、秋季节在S1区域放养,夏季在S2区域放养,冬季在S3区域放养,放养密度为500只/亩;
(5)常见鸡病防治,将金龙胆草30份、金果榄25份、青叶胆20份和青葙子10份煮水,以每周5次的频率给放养鸡饮用,并且定期对鸡舍进行消毒处理。
所述主饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:高粱30份、艾草25份、红薯丁20份、石斛14份、熟地黄10份、桂圆肉9份、炙甘草7份、虾壳粉5份、山药9份和豆粕5份,所述主饲料的制备方法如下:将主饲料用100℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理10min,对主饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为8%。
所述混合饲料由主饲料和副饲料混成,所述副饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:杠板归12份、谷芽10份和山楂2份,所述副饲料的制备方法如下:将副饲料用100℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理10min,对副饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为8%。
所述营养剂由如下重量份的原料混合制成颗粒剂:氯化钠15份、碳酸镁15份、硫酸亚铁8份、硫酸锌8份、硒蛋白6份和葡萄糖60份。
实施例3
一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)选育,选生长发育良好,年龄在3个月内的鸡,按公母鸡比例1:8组成基础群放入艾草种植场地进行养殖,产蛋孵化后,选择符合品种特征、健康的雏鸡;
(2)育雏,先将孵化出壳后的雏鸡用干艾草烟熏10min,再移至育雏室,并在雏鸡移至育雏室5h内控制育雏室的温度在33℃、湿度在63%;从第六小时开始,控制育雏室的温度在24℃、湿度在58%;待雏鸡开始饮水7h,再开始给雏鸡喂食主饲料10d,养成10日龄的雏鸡;
给上述10日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料20d,在该期间内隔天喂食1次艾草水煮液,养成30日龄的雏鸡;
给上述30日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料和营养剂,在该期间内每天喂食2次艾草水煮液,养成90日龄的雏鸡;
(3)饲养场地划分,选具沙质的土坡作为饲养场地,并将饲养场地划分为S1、S2和S3区域,三个区域之间通过围栏或围网相隔,在S1区域种植艾草、红景天和肉苁蓉,在S2区域种植芦根、鸡血藤和余甘子,在S3区域种植麦芽、杜仲和炙红芪以作为放养鸡的青饲料;
根据饲养量在饲养场地内搭建多个鸡舍,鸡舍的四周除门以外围上不透风的围墙,上盖避雨材料,下铺水泥,围墙上端与避雨材料之间留有空隙;
所述饲养场地为平地,所述围栏或围网的高度为1.5米,所述鸡舍的高度为1.8米;
S1区域艾草的种植密度为10000株/亩;
(4)放养管理,对90日龄的雏鸡进行放养,春、秋季节在S1区域放养,夏季在S2区域放养,冬季在S3区域放养,放养密度为100只/亩;
(5)常见鸡病防治,将金龙胆草20份、金果榄15份、青叶胆10份和青葙子5份煮水,以每周3次的频率给放养鸡饮用,并且定期对鸡舍进行消毒处理。
所述主饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:高粱20份、艾草15份、红薯丁12份、石斛8份、熟地黄6份、桂圆肉3份、炙甘草5份、虾壳粉3份、山药3份和豆粕2份,所述主饲料的制备方法如下:将主饲料用80℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理20min,对主饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为5%。
所述混合饲料由主饲料和副饲料混成,所述副饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:杠板归8份、谷芽6份和山楂1份,所述副饲料的制备方法如下:将副饲料用80℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理20min,对副饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为5%。
所述营养剂由如下重量份的原料混合制成颗粒剂:氯化钠10份、碳酸镁10份、硫酸亚铁5份、硫酸锌5份、硒蛋白3份和葡萄糖40份。
对比例1
以现有的如下方法进行乌骨鸡养殖,具体步骤如下:
(1)放养管理:对大于1个月月龄的鸡进行放养,放养密度为41只/亩(共30亩)。
(2)育雏管理:对0~1个月月龄的鸡,在育雏室喂养,饲喂由高粱、豆粕、骨粉和食盐按照以下质量配比制成的饲料:17:4:3:2;对大于一个月月龄的鸡,每日在放养的同时,饲喂由玉米、高粱、蚯蚓和和食盐按照33:13:10:4质量配比制成的饲料;育雏室温度参设置数如下:对1~5日龄的鸡,温度设34℃,之后,每5天温度下降2℃;育雏室的相对湿度参数设置如下:对1~5日龄的鸡,相对湿度设68%,之后,每5天下降2%,但不低于65%;所述饲料为颗粒剂。
对比例2
以现有的如下方法进行野山鸡养殖,具体步骤如下:
(1)牧场区域划分:将牧场划分为三个区域S1、S2和S3,三个区域之间通过围栏或围网相隔,在S1区域中种植当归、何首乌和柴胡,在S2区域种植苍术、青蒿、益母草和车前草,在S3区域中种植马兜铃和甘草,以作为鸡的青饲料;
牧场的面积为30亩,坡度为0°;围栏或围网的高度2米;通过搭建顶棚、尼龙网、铺设稻草垫等方式牧场的温度为10℃;S1区域当归、何首乌和柴胡的种植面积之比3:2:4,S2区域苍术、青蒿、益母草和车前草的种植面积之比2:5:4:3,S3区域马兜铃和甘草的种植面积之比2:5;S1区域当归的种植密度5500株/亩。
(2)放养管理,对大于1个月月龄的鸡进行放养,春、秋季节在S1区域内放养,夏季在S2区域放养,冬季在S3区域放养,放养密度为40只/亩。
(3)饲养管理:对0~1个月月龄的鸡,在育雏室喂养,饲喂由高粱、豆粕、骨粉和食盐按照15:5:3:2质量配比制成的饲料;对大于一个月月龄的鸡,每日在放养的同时,饲喂由玉米、高粱、蚯蚓和和食盐按照30:15:9:3质量配比制成的饲料;育雏室温度参设置数如下:对1~5日龄的鸡,温度35℃,之后,每5天温度下降2℃;育雏室的相对湿度参数设置如下:对1~5日龄的鸡,相对湿度68%,之后,每5天下降2%,但不低于65%;所述饲料为散剂。
对比例3
以现有的如下方法进行鸡养殖,具体步骤如下:
(1)饲养场地选择:以具有林木的沙质土坡作为饲养场地,根据饲养量在饲养场地内搭建多个鸡舍,鸡舍四周除门外围上不透风的围墙,上盖避雨材料,下铺水泥,围墙上端与避雨材料之间留有空隙;整个饲养场地四周均围上两米高的围栏。
(2)饲养管理
第1阶段:鸡从1日龄到30日龄采用室内喂养,喂食主饲料;
第2阶段:鸡从31日龄饲养到45日龄采用林下喂养,喂食主饲料;其中鸡在35日龄和45日龄时各喂养一次南蛇簕水煮液;
第3阶段:鸡从46日龄到180日龄采用林下喂养,喂食由以下重量份原料配制成的混合饲料:30份主饲料、4份草本水煮液;
上述草本水煮液按重量份在锅中分别加入:2份密蒙花、2份甘草、2份海金砂、12份滑石粉、2份藿香烧至水滚30分钟即可;
在第3阶段每隔15天喂养一次南蛇簕水煮液。
上述3个阶段过程的南蛇簕水煮液配制方法如下:在锅中加入重量份数原料2份南蛇簕、30份水烧至水滚60分钟即可;
上述3个阶段过程主饲料由重量份以下原料混合配制而成:玉米粉12份、麦麸3份、豆粕3份、淡水鱼粉4份、骨粉4份。
上述第2、3阶段喂食南蛇簕水煮液方式如下:向主饲料中加入15%主饲料重量的南蛇簕水煮液混合喂养。
上述1~3阶段饲养场地内均设置南蛇簕水煮液供鸡自由饮用,鸡通过上述3阶段饲养,即可成为肉鸡出售。
检测试验
分别选取采用上述实施例1~3和对比例1~3的方法养殖的180日龄的肉鸡各200只,经福建省疾病检测与预防控制中心抽样检测,检测上述实施例1~3养殖的鸡和对比例1~3养殖的鸡的平均残留农药量,结果如下表1所示;
表1平均残留农药对比
由上表1的结果可以看出,本发明方法饲养鸡可以有效降低或消除食物中的残留农药对鸡的影响,能够满足人们对绿色安全食品的要求。
分别选取采用上述实施例1~3和对比例1~3的方法养殖的250日龄的肉鸡,按照常规的方法烹饪煮制鸡汤,由5位省级食品专家分别品尝打分,计算平均值,分数越高品质越好,满分10分,结果如下表2所示;
表2鸡肉品质对比
由上表2的结果可以看出饲养的鸡在肉香、汤味、口感和滋味等方面均优于对比组方法饲养的鸡,能够满足人们对于鸡肉口感、滋味和肉香等方面日益提高的需求,因此,本发明具有更好的推广空间。
本发明生态方法养殖的艾草鸡的屠宰率提高了8.2%,半净膛率提高了5.9%,全净膛率提高了5.5%;氨基酸总量提高了7.8%,同时,该方法显著提高了鸡的免疫和抗病能力,提高了鸡的生长机能,以便于从源头上防治治病,进而提高鸡肉品质,本发明生态方法养殖的艾草鸡患病率降低了42.6%,死亡率降低了45.2%,1周岁龄的鸡体重提高了17.4%,平均蛋重提高了6.2%,并且该方法养殖的鸡在临近出售阶段精神状态良好。
上述实施例仅是本发明的较优实施方式,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修饰、修改及替代变化,均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)选育,选生长发育良好,年龄在3~18个月内的待育鸡,按公母鸡比例1:(8~10)组成基础群放入艾草种植场地进行养殖,产蛋孵化后,选择符合品种特征、健康的雏鸡;
(2)育雏,先将孵化出壳后的雏鸡用干艾草烟熏10~30min,再移至育雏室,并在雏鸡移至育雏室5h内控制育雏室的温度在33~35℃、湿度在63~65%;从第六小时开始,控制育雏室的温度在24~30℃、湿度在58~60%;待雏鸡开始饮水7~9h,再开始给雏鸡喂食主饲料10~20d,养成10~20日龄的雏鸡;
给上述10~20日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料20~30d,在该期间内隔天喂食1次艾草水煮液,养成30~50日龄的雏鸡;
给上述30~50日龄的雏鸡喂食混合饲料和营养剂,在该期间内每天喂食2次艾草水煮液,养成90日龄的雏鸡;
(3)饲养场地划分,选具沙质的土坡作为饲养场地,并将饲养场地划分为S1、S2和S3区域,三个区域之间通过围栏或围网相隔,在S1区域种植艾草、红景天和肉苁蓉,在S2区域种植芦根、鸡血藤和余甘子,在S3区域种植麦芽、杜仲和炙红芪以作为放养鸡的青饲料;
根据饲养量在饲养场地内搭建多个鸡舍,鸡舍的四周除门以外围上不透风的围墙,上盖避雨材料,下铺水泥,围墙上端与避雨材料之间留有空隙;
(4)放养管理,对90日龄的雏鸡进行放养,春、秋季节在S1区域放养,夏季在S2区域放养,冬季在S3区域放养;
(5)常见鸡病防治,将金龙胆草20~30份、金果榄15~25份、青叶胆10~20份和青葙子5~10份煮水,以每周3~5次的频率给放养鸡饮用,并且定期对鸡舍进行消毒处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述待育鸡选自于鸡、乌骨鸡、野山鸡中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述主饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:高粱20~30份、艾草15~25份、红薯丁12~20份、石斛8~14份、熟地黄6~10份、桂圆肉3~9份、炙甘草5~7份、虾壳粉3~5份、山药3~9份和豆粕2~5份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述混合饲料由主饲料和副饲料混成,所述副饲料由如下重量份的原料组成:杠板归8~12份、谷芽6~10份和山楂1~2份。
5.根据权利要求1~4任意一项所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述营养剂由如下重量份的原料混合制成颗粒剂:氯化钠10~15份、碳酸镁10~15份、硫酸亚铁5~8份、硫酸锌5~8份、硒蛋白3~6份和葡萄糖40~60份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述主饲料的制备方法如下:将主饲料用80~100℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理10~20min,对主饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为5~8%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述副饲料的制备方法如下:将副饲料用80~100℃的艾草水煮液浸泡处理10~20min,对副饲料进行滤干水分,并控制水分含量为5~8%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述饲养场地的坡度为0~15°,所述围栏或围网的高度为1.5~2米,所述鸡舍的高度为1.8~2.2米。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,S1区域艾草的种植密度为10000~30000株/亩。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾草鸡的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,放养密度为100~500只/亩。
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