CN109990569A - A kind of annealing furnace furnace drying method based on cool-down dehumidification - Google Patents
A kind of annealing furnace furnace drying method based on cool-down dehumidification Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109990569A CN109990569A CN201910278928.9A CN201910278928A CN109990569A CN 109990569 A CN109990569 A CN 109990569A CN 201910278928 A CN201910278928 A CN 201910278928A CN 109990569 A CN109990569 A CN 109990569A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- annealing furnace
- temperature
- dew point
- drying method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
- F27D2007/063—Special atmospheres, e.g. high pressure atmospheres
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of annealing furnace furnace drying method based on cool-down dehumidification, includes the following steps: A) protective gas is passed through into annealing furnace, then successively carry out heat temperature raising, heat preservation；B after) keeping the temperature, continue to be passed through protective gas, make annealing furnace cooling down；Repeat step A) and B) keep stablizing to dew point in annealing furnace, and when reaching the dew point of design code, baker terminates.The present invention is using cool-down dehumidification principle to newly-built annealing furnace or to the aerial Kiln seasoned method of annealing of long-term blowing out exposure, the heat-barrier material of annealing furnace is enabled to dry saturating, drying, in subsequent production process, water vapour content in gas in burner hearth is stablized in the range of process stipulation, it is ensured that the stabilization of product quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to steel and iron manufacturing equipment technical fields, more particularly to one kind to newly-built annealing furnace or to long-term blowing out
The aerial Kiln seasoned method of annealing of exposure.
Background technique
Reason as known to industry, Kiln seasoned main purpose of annealing are exactly by moisture contained in heat-barrier material inner space
It is discharged with oxygen, instead the dry inert gas-nitrogen to shield.It is existing to newly-built annealing furnace or
To the Kiln seasoned method of the aerial annealing of long-term blowing out exposure, what is taken is all the method for heating dehumidifying, be especially by
Annealing furnace heat-keep the temperature-heat up-keep the temperature-heat up-is kept the temperature ... until process requirement temperature, it is intended to pass through by
Furnace wall heat-barrier material heat temperature raising, so that moisture contained in heat-barrier material inner space and the migration of oxygen ecto-entad are (here
The inner and outer of finger is for entire annealing furnace, i.e., outside is proximate to the side of the outer steel furnace shell of furnace), it is discharged in burner hearth, from
And be discharged inside heat-barrier material, guarantee during normal production, do not occurring moisture and the migration of oxygen ecto-entad, influences in burner hearth
Protective gas dew point, the phenomenon that influencing product quality.But since the heat transfer of the heat-barrier material of annealing furnace is very slow, when heated
Temperature gradient inside heat-barrier material is very big, for example, even if the gas inside burner hearth is heated to 400 DEG C, heat-barrier material inside
Temperature be also 400 DEG C, but the temperature in outside is not more than 60 DEG C.In other words, close to the water in the heat-barrier material of inside
It largely evaporates, the pressure of vapor is very high, and the water in the heat-barrier material in outside starts to evaporate not yet, water vapour pressure
It is very low, it will result in the phenomenon that water on the inside of heat-barrier material migrates outward in this way, but due to the effect of annealing furnace steel furnace shell,
It can not volatilize away, this is that direction that moisture desired by heat-barrier material migrates from the outside to the inside just phase is dried with us
Instead.Just because of this, it using this furnace drying method, tends not to thoroughly dry heat-barrier material, cause on the inside of heat-barrier material
The phenomenon that drying, large quantity of moisture is also contained in outside, although the dew point of furnace gas has had been reduced to defined temperature, this
It is illusion, it, will be into burner hearth after the moisture accumulation in the heat-barrier material of outside has arrived to a certain degree in subsequent production process
Migration, causes the phenomenon that moisture content cannot meet the technological requirements in local furnace gas, influences product quality.
Application No. is 201510663406.2 applications for a patent for invention to disclose a kind of cold rolled silicon steel continuous annealing furnace baker
Method, wherein as a kind of preferred embodiment using in staged temperature-rise period, etc. temperature when being increased to 400 DEG C, stop heating
100 DEG C are naturally cooled to hereinafter, be then warming up to 100 DEG C of heat preservation 8h according still further to 25 DEG C/h, is warming up to according to 25 DEG C/h from 100 DEG C
200 DEG C of heat preservation 8h are warming up to 400 DEG C of heat preservation 16h from 200 DEG C according to 25 DEG C/h, are warming up to 600 DEG C from 400 DEG C according to 25 DEG C/h
16h is kept the temperature, 800 DEG C of heat preservations is warming up to for 24 hours from 600 DEG C according to 25 DEG C/h, is warming up to 850 DEG C of heat preservations from 800 DEG C according to 25 DEG C/h
24h；It can prevent resistance to material from generating cracking, falling off.Inventors believe that although the technology includes primary cooling in temperature-rise period
Process, but just for the sake of " prevent resistance to material from generating cracking, fall off ", rather than in order to reach baking using the principle of cool-down dehumidification
The purpose for doing resistance to material, dries resistance to material uses or temperature-raising method, has substantive difference with the present invention.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of annealing based on cool-down dehumidification
Baking oven drying method, for solve in the prior art furnace drying method can not resistance to material on the outside of drying equipment, and then be unable to reach cooling and remove
The problems such as wet purpose.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a kind of annealing furnace drying side based on cool-down dehumidification
Method includes the following steps:
A it) is passed through protective gas into annealing furnace, then successively carries out heat temperature raising, heat preservation；
B after) keeping the temperature, continue to be passed through protective gas, make annealing furnace cooling down；
Repeat step A) and B) keep stablizing to dew point in annealing furnace, and when reaching the dew point of design code, baker
Terminate.
Above steps realizes that annealing furnace is heat-insulated during cooling using heating-heat preservation-cooling technique circulation
Steam, oxygen discharge in material, are replaced as dry protective gas.
According to actual needs, the number of circulation can be 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times or more.
Optionally, the protective gas is selected from nitrogen.
Optionally, the step A) in, design maximum temperature (example is disposably heated to the heating rate that equipment allows
Such as, 900 DEG C be can be), it is kept the temperature.
Optionally, the step A) in, soaking time 8-10h is specifically as follows 8h, 9h, 10h etc..
Optionally, the step A) in, it is warming up to 800-980 DEG C, is specifically as follows 800 DEG C, 850 DEG C, 900 DEG C, 950
DEG C, 980 DEG C etc., certainly, above-mentioned temperature range is not limited to, depending on the permitted highest design temperature of equipment.
Optionally, in first heat temperature raising-heat preservation-cooling down circulation, the dew point of protective gas is passed through lower than -40
℃。
Optionally, lower than upper one circulation of the protective gas dew point being passed through in each circulation.
Optionally, than upper one circulation of the protective gas dew point being passed through in each circulation is 10 DEG C low.
Optionally, the step A) in, furnace table steel billet temperature is detected when heat preservation, is kept constant in furnace table steel billet temperature, no
When rising again, stop heat preservation, enter step B), continue to be passed through dry protective gas.
Optionally, the step B) in, after heat preservation, being passed through protective gas makes in-furnace temperature drop to close to environment temperature
Degree.
Optionally, the step B) in, when temperature drops to close to environment temperature in annealing furnace, carry out furnace gas dew point in furnace
Detection after no longer rising, enter back into next circulation when dew point is kept constant.
Optionally, the dew point of design code is lower than -38 DEG C.
As described above, a kind of annealing furnace furnace drying method based on cool-down dehumidification of the invention, at least has below beneficial to effect
Fruit: the present invention is using cool-down dehumidification principle to newly-built annealing furnace or to the aerial Kiln seasoned side of annealing of long-term blowing out exposure
Method enables to the heat-barrier material of annealing furnace to dry saturating, drying, and in subsequent production process, the water in the gas in burner hearth steams
Gas content is stablized in the range of process stipulation, it is ensured that the stabilization of product quality.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The furnace drying method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
Step 1: annealing furnace is heated to 900 DEG C and keeps the temperature 10 in the case where being passed through nitrogen of the dew point lower than -40 DEG C
After hour, detects that stove outer covering steel billet temperature stabilization is no longer increased at 64 DEG C, in being off heat preservation, continue to be passed through dew point low
In -40 DEG C of nitrogen, in-furnace temperature is dropped to close into environment temperature, is kept for 8 hours, detects that furnace gas dew point is -19
DEG C, no longer rise；
Step 2: annealing furnace is heated to 900 DEG C again and is protected in the case where being passed through nitrogen of the dew point lower than -50 DEG C
Temperature detects that stove outer covering steel billet temperature stabilization is no longer increased at 62 DEG C, in being off heat preservation, continues to be passed through dew point after 9 hours
In-furnace temperature is dropped to close to environment temperature, is kept for 10 hours by the nitrogen lower than -50 DEG C, detect furnace gas dew point be -
33 DEG C, no longer rise；
Step 3: annealing furnace is heated to 900 DEG C again and is protected in the case where being passed through nitrogen of the dew point lower than -60 DEG C
Temperature detects that stove outer covering steel billet temperature stabilization is no longer increased at 61 DEG C, in being off heat preservation, continues to be passed through dew point after 9 hours
In-furnace temperature is dropped to close to environment temperature, is kept for 10 hours by the nitrogen lower than -60 DEG C, detect furnace gas dew point be -
41 DEG C, no longer rise；The dew point for having reached design code is lower than -38 DEG C of requirement, and baker success starts to produce.The present embodiment
Do not occur because of the defect that furnace gas dew point is high and generates.Front and back shares 5.5 days, is greatly reduced within 8~15 days than generally requiring.
In the subsequent production process of the present embodiment, in furnace dew point it is stable always at -39 DEG C hereinafter, and having becoming for decline
Gesture, the product of production do not have defect caused by any oxidisability as furnace gas.
The time that baker is carried out using the present invention is usually 5~7 days.
Facts proved that the present invention not only reduces furnace drying time, and effect is more preferable, and practicability is higher.
In conclusion the present invention in the case where being passed through dry protective atmosphere, according to the heating rate of design code, incites somebody to action
Annealing furnace is heated to the maximum temperature of design and keeps the temperature a period of time, and detects furnace table steel billet temperature simultaneously, in furnace table steel plate temperature
After degree stablizes no longer rising, stops heat preservation, continue to be passed through dry protective gas, in-furnace temperature is dropped to close into environment temperature
Degree.So circulation carries out heating and thermal insulation and cooling, until dew point reaches defined in furnace when being cooled to close to environment temperature
Until numerical value.Due to the present invention not instead of laser heating and heat preservation, there is the process of several temperature declines, exactly decline in temperature
During, it may appear that the case where temperature on the outside of heat-barrier material is higher than inside temperature, the moisture for allowing for outside can be smooth
It migrates inwardly, and enters burner hearth, discharge out of the furnace, the heat-barrier material in outside can also effectively dried.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, carries out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of annealing furnace furnace drying method based on cool-down dehumidification, which comprises the steps of:
A it) is passed through protective gas into annealing furnace, then successively carries out heat temperature raising, heat preservation；
B after) keeping the temperature, continue to be passed through protective gas, make annealing furnace cooling down；
Repeat step A) and B) keep stablizing to dew point in annealing furnace, and when reaching the dew point of design code, baker terminates.
2. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the protective gas is selected from nitrogen.
3. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step A) in, allowed with annealing furnace
Heating rate be heated to design maximum temperature, kept the temperature, it is preferable that the step A) in, be warming up to 800-980 DEG C.
4. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in first circulation, be passed through protective gas
Dew point be lower than -40 DEG C.
5. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the protective gas being passed through in each circulation
Lower than upper one circulation of dew point.
6. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the protective gas being passed through in each circulation
Than upper one circulation of dew point is 10 DEG C low.
7. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step A) in, when heat preservation, detects furnace
Table steel billet temperature, when furnace table steel billet temperature keeps stablizing, when no longer rising, stopping heat preservation entering step B), continue to be passed through protection
Gas.
8. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step B) in, after heat preservation, lead to
Entering protective gas makes in-furnace temperature drop to close to environment temperature.
9. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the step B) in, in-furnace temperature of annealing
When dropping to close to environment temperature, the detection of furnace gas dew point in furnace is carried out, when dew point is kept constant, after no longer rising, then into
Enter next circulation.
10. annealing furnace furnace drying method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step A) in, soaking time 8-
10h；
And/or the dew point of the design code is lower than -38 DEG C.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910278928.9A CN109990569B (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Annealing furnace drying method based on cooling and dehumidifying |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910278928.9A CN109990569B (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Annealing furnace drying method based on cooling and dehumidifying |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109990569A true CN109990569A (en) | 2019-07-09 |
| CN109990569B CN109990569B (en) | 2020-08-11 |
Family
ID=67132539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910278928.9A Active CN109990569B (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Annealing furnace drying method based on cooling and dehumidifying |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109990569B (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE9603776L (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-16 | Aga Ab | Method and apparatus for controlling and / or controlling the gas atmosphere in a heat treatment furnace |
| JPH11199944A (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 1999-07-27 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method for cooling annealing furnace, equipment therefor and strip continuous annealing line |
| WO2011064732A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-03 | Fives Stein | Device for maintaining the dryness of the atmosphere of an annealing furnace for metal strips, and furnace provided with said device |
| KR101059887B1 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2011-08-29 | 한성웰텍 (주) | Bung car for supporting bung of annealing furnace |
| CN104036888A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-10 | 湖州天洋线缆有限公司 | Preliminary drying method and preliminary drying mechanism of enameling machine annealing furnace |
| CN104220610A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-12-17 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Device and method for reducing dew point of ambient gas in annealing furnace, and method for producing cold-rolled annealed steel plate |
| CN104245972A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-12-24 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Method for lowering dew point of ambient gas within annealing furnace, device thereof, and method for producing cold-rolled annealed steel sheet |
| CN105112644A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-02 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for heating cold-rolled silicon steel continuous annealing furnace |
-
2019
- 2019-04-09 CN CN201910278928.9A patent/CN109990569B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE9603776L (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-16 | Aga Ab | Method and apparatus for controlling and / or controlling the gas atmosphere in a heat treatment furnace |
| JPH11199944A (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 1999-07-27 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method for cooling annealing furnace, equipment therefor and strip continuous annealing line |
| WO2011064732A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-03 | Fives Stein | Device for maintaining the dryness of the atmosphere of an annealing furnace for metal strips, and furnace provided with said device |
| KR101059887B1 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2011-08-29 | 한성웰텍 (주) | Bung car for supporting bung of annealing furnace |
| CN104220610A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-12-17 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Device and method for reducing dew point of ambient gas in annealing furnace, and method for producing cold-rolled annealed steel plate |
| CN104245972A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-12-24 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Method for lowering dew point of ambient gas within annealing furnace, device thereof, and method for producing cold-rolled annealed steel sheet |
| CN104036888A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-10 | 湖州天洋线缆有限公司 | Preliminary drying method and preliminary drying mechanism of enameling machine annealing furnace |
| CN105112644A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-02 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for heating cold-rolled silicon steel continuous annealing furnace |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109990569B (en) | 2020-08-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102124291B (en) | Process device for processing in particular stacked processed goods | |
| US20090178738A1 (en) | Self-annealing enclosure | |
| CN110195197A (en) | A kind of aluminium volume anneal oil removing method | |
| CN101676414A (en) | Continuous heat treatment furnace | |
| US20090260780A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for cooling bread just after baked | |
| JP5742950B2 (en) | Method for reducing dew point of atmospheric gas in annealing furnace, apparatus therefor, and method for producing cold-rolled annealed steel sheet | |
| US2813045A (en) | Method and apparatus for coating glassware | |
| CN109990569A (en) | A kind of annealing furnace furnace drying method based on cool-down dehumidification | |
| UA106871C2 (en) | METHOD OF ANIMATION OF COLD-ROLLED ALUMINUM WHEEL | |
| JP3683166B2 (en) | Substrate heat treatment method and continuous heat treatment furnace used therefor | |
| JP5874818B2 (en) | Method for reducing dew point of atmospheric gas in annealing furnace, apparatus therefor, and method for producing cold-rolled annealed steel sheet | |
| US20130029055A1 (en) | Method and device for coating metal strips | |
| CN106671237A (en) | Wood carbonizing treatment technology | |
| CN207231196U (en) | A kind of roller kilns | |
| CN108118134A (en) | A kind of controllable annealing furnace of temperature and humidity | |
| JP2011026653A (en) | Hardening apparatus | |
| JP2023507663A (en) | Secondary battery positive electrode material firing equipment | |
| CN106636576B (en) | A method of improving continuous annealing line and opens stove volume oxidation chromatic aberration defect | |
| JP2005114284A (en) | Kiln | |
| CN104911518A (en) | Heat treatment method of high-performance tungsten-based high-proportion alloy products | |
| JPH07109461A (en) | Production of coke | |
| RU2642500C2 (en) | Rotary oven | |
| KR101765471B1 (en) | Superheated steam generating apparatus for manufacturing process of secondary cell | |
| JPS6365060A (en) | Method for preheating aluminum and aluminum alloy slab in direct firing type slab heating furnace | |
| JP2003279256A (en) | Continuous heat treatment furnace |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |