CN109987147A - 用于车辆的车顶构造以及其中的半透明光伏面板 - Google Patents

用于车辆的车顶构造以及其中的半透明光伏面板 Download PDF

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CN109987147A
CN109987147A CN201811551416.7A CN201811551416A CN109987147A CN 109987147 A CN109987147 A CN 109987147A CN 201811551416 A CN201811551416 A CN 201811551416A CN 109987147 A CN109987147 A CN 109987147A
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roof construction
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S·德比
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English Nanofarad Retractable Roof System Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本公开涉及用于车辆的车顶构造以及其中的半透明光伏面板。一种用于车辆的车顶构造,该车辆在其固定车顶(2)中具有开口(1),该车顶构造包括用于至少关闭所述开口(1)的至少一个面板(3,3')。面板(3,3')包括第一和第二玻璃层(4,5)以及在所述第一和第二玻璃层之间作为第三层的光伏电池片(6)。光伏电池片(6)具有太阳能电池材料薄膜的有源层(7),并且还具有半透明的第一区域(8)和基本上不透明的第二区域(9)。

Description

用于车辆的车顶构造以及其中的半透明光伏面板
技术领域
本发明首先涉及一种用于车辆的车顶构造,该车辆在其固定车顶中具有开口,该车顶构造包括至少用于关闭所述开口的至少一个面板,所述面板包括第一和第二玻璃层以及位于所述第一和第二玻璃层之间作为第三层的光伏电池片。
背景技术
从US 8952236 B2中已知这种车顶构造,其中公开了一种混合类型的车顶面板,该车顶面板具有设置在面板中心的第一类型的半透明太阳能电池(例如,染料敏化太阳能电池模块)和在面板的边缘区域中具有更好的光伏性能的第二类型的太阳能电池(例如,硅太阳能电池模块)。第一类型和第二类型的太阳能电池可以借助于导线电互连。这种混合模块的缺点在于,由于每种类型的太阳能电池模块是单独制造的,并且具有可能并不相同的特定个体厚度,因此需要额外的工作量来将这些不同的太阳能电池模块类型并入到面板中,涉及采用不同厚度的电池以及在不同的太阳能模块之间采用单独电连接的额外措施。此外,当使用两种不同类型的太阳能电池模块时,可能出现颜色差异,出于美观原因,当在车辆中使用这种面板时,这是不太理想的。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种改进的当前类型的车顶构造。
为了达到该目的,该车顶构造的特征在于,光伏电池片具有太阳能电池材料薄膜的有源层,并且还具有半透明的第一区域和基本上不透明的第二区域。
以这种方式,由于整个光伏电池片的厚度相同并且第一和第二区域之间的电连接被集成在光伏电池片中,因此不需要在该区域中采取额外的措施,这使得本发明在制造上更便宜并且可以增加电可靠性。并且,在美学上,本发明对于在车辆中使用可更具吸引力,因为不同区域中的光伏电池的颜色是相同的。
在本发明的一个方面,半透明的第一区域基本上位于面板的中心区域,并且基本上不透明的第二区域位于面板的边缘附近。因此,光将在面板的这个中心定位的半透明区域中进入车辆的内部,以这种方式,可以达到高达20%的透明度。
根据本发明的另一方面,第一区域中光伏电池的半透明是通过将线激光雕刻到光伏电池的有源表面中使得可见光可以穿过雕刻线而产生的。
根据本发明的另一方面,通过产生激光雕刻线,不仅产生半透明,而且还产生隔离的光伏电池,使得光伏电池片包括个体光伏电池序列,其边界由光伏电池材料中的激光雕刻线形成,并且其中光伏电池彼此电连接。
根据本发明的另一方面,当使用这些隔离的光伏电池时,可以将它们电布置在并联和/或串联电路中。使得个体光伏电池的第一序列彼此串联电连接,并且其中光伏电池的所述第一序列在面板上沿着第一方向彼此相邻地延伸。
根据本发明的另一方面,在一个方向上,光伏电池串联产生,其确定一个方向上的电势,并且通过将这第一电池序列在第二方向上与其它相邻定位的第一序列并联地连入电路,可以将0.85V的基本电压增加到60伏的最大电压。这可以通过以下布置来完成:将串联连接的光伏电池的第一序列的第二序列彼此并联连接,并且其中串联连接的光伏电池的第一序列的所述第二序列在垂直于第一方向的第二方向上位于彼此相邻。
根据本发明的另一方面,最佳实践是将在光伏电池片上彼此相邻的并联连接的电池的第二序列的数量布置为整数值。
根据本发明的另一方面,第一光伏电池序列的第一方向是相对于车辆的纵向方向为纵向的方向。但是,可以构思第一方向在相对于车辆的横向方向上。
根据本发明的另一方面,光伏电池片的下侧沿着所述片的圆周边缘在第三区域中设有黑色墨水层。黑色墨水为UV光提供阻挡层,该阻挡层可以通过该特定区域中的雕刻线突出。这种UV光可能对PU封装材料或PU胶具有不利影响。因此,设置有黑色墨水层的第三区域覆盖在面板的下侧作为区域的投影的区域,包括机构支架和/或加强件以及用于借助于封装材料或胶水将所述支架和/或加强件固定到面板下侧的材料。
根据本发明的另一方面,光伏电池片包括薄支撑层和沉积在其上作为有源层的薄层太阳能电池材料。薄支撑层可以是厚度小于1毫米的塑料箔层或化学钢化玻璃薄膜。
在另一个实施例中,太阳能电池材料薄膜包括非晶硅材料层。
根据本发明的另一方面,在光伏电池片上提供的非晶硅的光伏电池是所谓的半透明单结、半透明串联结或三结的类型中的任一种。这些各种类型的光伏电池具有不同的效率水平,但它们的成本价格也不同。
在又一个实施例中,太阳能电池材料薄膜包括CIGS材料、CIS材料或钙钛矿材料中的任一种材料层。
根据本发明的另一方面,面板包括围绕面板的圆周边缘的封装材料,并且其中第一和第二玻璃层包括在每个所述层的下侧上的陶瓷层。陶瓷层在玻璃制造中是必需的,在该实施例中,陶瓷层对于第一和第二玻璃层可以具有基本相同的尺寸。根据本发明的另一方面,在第一半透明区域中串联连接的光伏电池序列包括具有第一方形区域的光伏电池,该第一方形区域小于第二不透明区域中的光伏电池的第二方形区域,并且其中第一半透明区域和不透明第二区域之间的边界是由具有第一方形区域的光伏电池和具有较大的第二方形区域的光伏电池之间的激光雕刻线序列产生的。因此,边界是雕刻在形成边界的有源材料中的尖锐的线。还可以想到的是,在另一个实施例中,第一半透明区域和不透明第二区域之间的边界是由从第一方形区域到第二方形区域逐渐地逐步增长的串联和并联连接的光伏电池的序列产生的。以这种方式,在两个区域之间没有尖锐的线,而是有尺寸逐渐增加的电池区域,这可在美学上具有价值。
在另一个实施例中,第一区域中光伏电池的半透明是通过将孔激光雕刻到光伏电池的有源层中使得可见光可以穿过雕刻的孔而产生的。
附图说明
在此之后,在参考附图的同时将进一步阐明本发明,其中:
图1是包括车顶构造的车辆的示意性透视图。
图2是车顶构造的面板的平面图。
图3是根据图2中的线III-III的面板的截面图。
图4是根据图2中的线IV-IV的截面图。
图5是光伏电池片的透视图,其示出了用虚线表示的雕刻线。
图6是图5的光伏电池片的详细截面图,其示出了单结非晶硅太阳能电池的有源层。
图7是示出构建面板的各个层的视图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,其中示出了在其固定车顶2中具有开口1以及用于关闭车顶开口1的两个面板3,3'的车辆。这两个面板3,3'是能够关闭车顶开口1以及至少部分地打开车顶开口1的敞开式车顶构造的一部分。在相对于车辆及其向前驱动方向的纵向向前方向上看到的两个面板3,3'中的最前面板3是可移动面板。例如,它可以是可倾斜的和/或可滑动的。后面板3'也可以是可移动的,但通常是静止面板。另一方面,面板3,3'都可以是静止的,或者固定车顶可以配备有一个大的静止面板3。
面板3,3'都配备有光伏电池6以便产生电能。可以想到的是,敞开式车顶构造仅包括一个具有光伏电池6的面板3。可移动面板3能够在车辆固定车顶的外侧向后移动,或者能够在固定车顶2下方向后移动。本发明不限于面板的数量,也不限于面板可移动的方面。在图1中,面板3,3'各自配备有一片光伏电池6。光伏电池6可以是非晶硅、CIGS、CIS或Perofskite材料类型中的任一种。在光伏电池6由非晶硅制成的情况下,可以想到的是,电池是单结(也被称为单一(mono)结)、双结或三结类型中的任一种。
在图2中,示出了前面板3,并且还示出了光伏电池片6,其包括用线表示的光伏电池序列。这些线12是雕刻在光伏电池片6的有源层7中的线。线12通过有源层7突出并允许光通过光伏电池片6。因此,当面板3处于关闭位置中,从而在日光条件下关闭固定车顶2中的开口1时,面板3的中心区域10下方的第一区域8将因此由于来自车辆外部的光而照亮。图2中的面板3的半透明中心区域的左侧和右侧的第二区域9是不透明的区域。可以注意到的是,光伏电池片6具有矩形形状。这在制造片材时是有益的,但是可以想到的是,也可以制造其它形状,例如,沿着面板的圆周边缘11的形状。光伏电池以两种类型的序列布置。第一序列13是在纵向方向上(换言之,是在图2中从上到下(或反之)的方向上)引导的序列。
该第一序列13中的光伏电池彼此串联连接。与该第一序列13相邻地,可以在横向方向上垂直地观察到或者在图2中从左到右的方向上看到第二序列14。该第二序列14包括彼此相邻放置的串联连接的光伏电池的第一序列13,并且由此在第一序列的开始和结束处的第一序列13彼此并联连接。在光伏电池是具有层的单结构造的非晶硅类型的情况下,每个电池提供0.85伏的电势。在该特定情况下,光伏电池6的第二序列14的宽度在2和12毫米之间,但是更优的范围是在4和10毫米之间。对于第一序列13,串联连接的光伏电池6的总电势可以累加到不超过60伏的最大值,并且因为第二序列14中的光伏电池6彼此并联连接,因此来自光伏电池片6的总电压电势不应超过60伏。出于美学和电学原因,第二序列14中的每个序列的宽度应该相同,并且第二序列14的数量应该是整数值。第一序列13可以如上所述在另一个方向上延伸,例如,在相对于车辆的纵向方向的横向方向上。在第二不透明区域中,仅在第二横向方向上形成9条雕刻线12。因此,一些光可以通过这些线12进入,但是在光伏电池片6的下侧放置有阻挡光线进入这些线12的一层黑色墨水15,如图3所示。此外,在图2中,光伏电池6被示出为在面板3的半透明第一区域8中具有第一方形区域24,并且较大的光伏电池在面板3的第二不透明区域9中具有第二方形区域25。具有第一和第二方形区域24,25的这些光伏电池6之间的边界是沿着第一方向延伸的激光雕刻线12。可以想到的是,第一和第二方形区域24,25之间的差异由具有从第一方形区域24到第二方形区域25逐步增加的方形区域的一个或多个光伏电池6产生。
在图3中,示出了根据图2的线III-III通过面板3的一部分的截面。该部分示出了第一和第二玻璃层4,5。这些玻璃层4,5可以具有半回火质量。另外,示出了第三层,该第三层是位于第一和第二层4,5之间的光伏电池片6。
光伏电池片6的下侧包括靠近面板的边缘11的区域中的黑色墨水层15。该黑色墨水层15可以具有从光伏片6的边缘延伸到位于向内朝向片材10的中心的线的宽度。
玻璃层4,5各自具有定位在玻璃层4,5各自的下侧的陶瓷层21。这些陶瓷层21加强了玻璃层4,5的边缘并且是不透明的并且在位于从玻璃层4,5的边缘测量最小20毫米的范围的距离内延伸。面板3还包括封装材料19的边缘,其不仅形成前述层的附加边缘11,而且还封装用于连接到敞开式车顶构造的其余部分(即,机构(未示出))的机构支架17。这种封装材料19可以是PU材料或PVC材料。在玻璃层4,5下方延伸的封装材料19的区域可以不暴露于UV光,以避免封装材料19和玻璃材料4,5之间的粘附性劣化。为了保护玻璃层4,5下方的密封材料19的这个区域,陶瓷材料层21和黑色墨水层15恰好在该密封区域的投影上延伸,使得UV照射不会到达密封材料19。如图3所示,在陶瓷层21和黑色墨水层15的凸起中存在小的重叠。
在图4中,示出了根据线IV-IV的面板3的截面图。该部分中的封装材料19在玻璃层4,5的下表面下方封装加强件18。同样如这里的图3所示,示出了在第一和第二玻璃层4,5各自的下侧上形成的陶瓷材料层21。还示出了黑色墨水层15。从图4中可以清楚地看到,黑色墨水层15从光伏电池片6的边缘向内延伸(到图4中的左侧)并且在某一点处停止,由此黑色墨水层15覆盖连接到面板3的底侧的封装材料19的投影区域。
在图5中示出了光伏电池片6,其包括由虚线示出的雕刻线12、半透明的第一区域8和不透明的第二区域9。
在图6中,截取图5的光伏电池片6的截面。这里所示的实施例是具有有源材料7的单结构造的非晶硅材料。图中的上层是支撑层20,其可以是薄玻璃层或塑料箔层。有源层7包括TCO(透明导电氧化物)材料的顶层27和底层27。其之间的层分别是非晶硅层28和微晶硅层29。在图6中,这里的一部分示出了激光雕刻线12,其允许可见光从光伏片6的上侧通过它到光伏片6的下侧。
在图7中,示出了没有封装材料19的面板3的特写截面图。两个玻璃层4,5都被示出为具有陶瓷层21,示出了光伏层6并且在其上具有黑色墨水层15。这里还示出了PVB层22,23,其提供了玻璃层4,5和光伏片6彼此的粘附。
本发明不限于附图中所示和上面描述的实施例,这些实施例可以在由所附权利要求限定的范围内以不同的方式变化。由此,代替于借助于直线12产生半透明,也可以借助于诸如圆孔26的激光雕刻或借助于不直的线形成其它形状。还可以想到的是,代替于具有两个玻璃层4,5的面板,可以具有仅有一个玻璃层的面板,该玻璃层被定位成与车辆的固定车顶形成连续表面的上层。光伏电池片6形成到玻璃层底侧的层,并由一个或多个塑料PVB和EVA层保护,以避免从下面损坏。各种实施例的各方面可以以其它组合使用。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于车辆的车顶构造,所述车辆在其固定车顶(2)中具有开口(1),所述车顶构造包括至少用于关闭所述开口(1)的至少一个面板(3,3'),所述面板(3,3')包括第一和第二玻璃层(4,5)以及在所述第一和第二玻璃层之间作为第三层的光伏电池片(6),
其特征在于,光伏电池片(6)具有太阳能电池材料薄膜的有源层(7),并且还具有半透明的第一区域(8)和基本上不透明的第二区域(9)。
2.如权利要求1所述的车顶构造,其中半透明的第一区域(8)基本上位于面板的中心区域(10),并且基本上不透明的第二区域(9)位于面板(3,3')的边缘(11)附近。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车顶构造,其中第一区域(8)中的光伏电池(6)的半透明是通过将线(12)激光雕刻到光伏电池的有源层(7)中使得可见光能够穿过雕刻线(12)而产生的。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车顶构造,其中光伏电池片(6)包括个体光伏电池的序列(13,14),其边界由光伏电池材料的有源层(7)中的激光雕刻线(12)形成,并且其中光伏电池彼此电连接。
5.如权利要求4所述的车顶构造,其中个体光伏电池(13)的第一序列(13)彼此串联电连接,并且其中光伏电池的所述第一序列(13)在面板(3,3')上沿着第一方向彼此相邻地延伸。
6.如权利要求5所述的车顶构造,其中串联连接的光伏电池的第一序列的第二序列(14)彼此并联连接,并且其中串联连接的光伏电池的第一序列(13)的所述第二序列(14)在垂直于第一方向的第二方向上位于彼此相邻。
7.如权利要求6所述的车顶构造,其中在光伏电池片上彼此相邻的并联连接的电池的第二序列(14)的数量是整数值。
8.如权利要求5或6所述的车顶构造,其中光伏电池的第一序列(13)的第一方向是相对于车辆的纵向方向为纵向的方向。
9.如权利要求1所述的车顶构造,其中光伏电池片(6)的下侧沿着所述片(6)的圆周边缘在第三区域(16)中设有黑色墨水层(15)。
10.如权利要求9所述的车顶构造,其中设有黑色墨水层(15)的第三区域(16)覆盖在面板的下侧作为区域的投影的区域,包括机构支架(17)和/或加强件(18)以及用于借助于封装材料(19)或胶水将所述支架和/或加强件固定到面板的下侧的材料。
11.如权利要求1所述的车顶构造,其中光伏电池片(6)包括薄支撑层(20)和沉积在其上作为有源层(7)的太阳能电池材料薄层。
12.如权利要求11所述的车顶构造,其中所述薄支撑层(20)是厚度小于1毫米的塑料箔层或化学钢化玻璃薄膜。
13.如权利要求1所述的车顶构造,其中所述太阳能电池材料薄膜,即,有源层(7),包括非晶硅材料层。
14.如权利要求13所述的车顶构造,其中在光伏电池片(6)上设置的非晶硅的光伏电池是所谓的半透明单结、半透明串联结或三结的类型中的任一种。
15.如权利要求1所述的车顶构造,其中作为有源层(7)的太阳能电池材料薄膜包括CIGS材料、CIS材料或钙钛矿材料中的任意材料的层。
16.如权利要求1所述的车顶构造,其中面板(3,3')包括围绕面板的圆周边缘(11)的封装材料(19),并且其中第一和第二玻璃层(4,5)包括在每个所述层(4,5)的下侧上的陶瓷层(21)。
17.如权利要求6所述的车顶构造,其中在第一半透明区域中串联连接的光伏电池的第一序列(13)包括具有第一方形区域(24)的光伏电池,第一方形区域(24)小于第二不透明区域(9)中的光伏电池的第二方形区域(25),并且其中第一半透明区域(8)和不透明第二区域(9)之间的边界是由具有第一方形区域(24)的光伏电池和具有较大第二方形区域(25)的光伏电池之间的激光雕刻线的序列(12)产生的。
18.如权利要求6所述的车顶构造,其中第一半透明区域(8)和不透明第二区域(9)之间的边界是由从第一方形区域(24)到第二方形区域(25)逐渐地逐步增长的串联和并联连接的光伏电池的序列(13,14)产生的。
19.如权利要求2所述的车顶构造,其中第一区域(8)中的光伏电池的半透明是通过将孔(26)激光雕刻到光伏电池的有源层(7)中使得可见光能够穿过雕刻的孔而产生的。
20.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车顶构造,其中至少一个面板(3)是可移动的,以便形成敞开式车顶构造。
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