CN109986010B - Hot forging die with internal cooling system and cooling method thereof - Google Patents
Hot forging die with internal cooling system and cooling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109986010B CN109986010B CN201910323770.2A CN201910323770A CN109986010B CN 109986010 B CN109986010 B CN 109986010B CN 201910323770 A CN201910323770 A CN 201910323770A CN 109986010 B CN109986010 B CN 109986010B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hot forging die with an internal cooling system and a cooling method thereof. The cooling method comprises the following steps: when the die is closed, the inner cooling of the punch is in a non-connection state, the inner cooling system of the lower die is connected, cooling water is sprayed towards the bottom of the hot forging piece, the die supporting cushion block mechanism is in a cooling state, after the hot forging is completed, the upper die is lifted, the inner cooling system of the upper die works, a flowing water environment is formed around the punch until the die is opened, a new hot forging piece is replaced, the water supply of the inner cooling system of the upper die is stopped in the descending process of the upper die, and the water supply of the inner cooling system of the lower die is. The invention ensures a stable water supply environment, ensures the cooling of the punch, the hot forging piece and the female die in the hot forging process, prolongs the service life of each part and improves the performance of the hot forging piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hot forging die with an internal cooling system and a cooling method thereof, belonging to the technical field of hot forging dies.
Background
When the traditional hot forging is carried out, the die needs to be heated to about 200 ℃, graphite suspension is sprayed on the surface of the die for lubricating the die, and the residual graphite after evaporation plays a role of a lubricating medium at high temperature. The lubricating mode has the disadvantage that a large amount of graphite steam is generated, and the working environment of a workshop is polluted. In the hot forging form of big water gaging, the mould does not need the heating, but needs timely cooling, keeps the mould to be in normal atmospheric temperature state in process of production, relies on remaining water on the mould surface to vaporize in the twinkling of an eye to become vapor when taking shape fast and lubricate, if cool off untimely, bonding phenomenon and the phenomenon that ejecting strength sharply increases can appear in mould and forging, great reduction the life-span of mould, can cause the unable shaping of product sometimes even, consequently, need lower mould internal cooling, go up mould internal cooling device and in time cool off.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention discloses a hot forging die with an internal cooling system and a cooling method thereof, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a hot forging die with an internal cooling system comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein the upper die comprises a die carrier system, a knockout mechanism is vertically arranged in the die carrier system, a punch assembly is arranged at the lower end of the knockout mechanism, the knockout mechanism is arranged in the die carrier system through a punch supporting cushion block system, the knockout mechanism drives the punch assembly to synchronously vertically move in the die carrier system, a hot forging piece on the die carrier is forged by a punch after the knockout mechanism descends,
the lower die comprises a lower die frame, a female die supporting cushion block mechanism, a female die and a female die fixing mechanism, the female die fixing mechanism surrounds the periphery of the female die, the female die supporting cushion block mechanism is arranged between the female die and the lower die frame,
an upper die inner cooling system is also arranged in the upper die and is arranged in the punch supporting cushion block system, the upper die inner cooling system and the punch assembly are lifted synchronously to form a flowing cooling water environment around the punch assembly,
and a lower die inner cooling system is arranged in the lower die, is introduced from the lower die frame and is sprayed out from between the die supporting cushion block mechanism and the die to cool the die, the hot forging piece and the die supporting cushion block mechanism.
Further, the die carrier system comprises an upper backing plate which is horizontally arranged, an upper die plate is tightly attached and fixed on the lower surface of the upper backing plate, the upper die plate is provided with a cavity with a convex-shaped longitudinal section, an upper T-shaped cushion block which is matched with the cavity in shape is arranged in the cavity, the center of the upper T-shaped cushion block and the upper backing plate are provided with a vertically through knockout hole,
an upper die ring is arranged below a cavity in the center of the upper die plate, the periphery of the upper die ring is embedded and fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the upper die plate, the center of the upper die ring is vertically communicated with a hollow cavity, and the punch supporting cushion block system is arranged in the upper die ring and forms a channel which is communicated with and coaxial with the knockout hole;
the material beating mechanism comprises a material beating rod arranged in a material beating hole, the lower end of the material beating rod is provided with a material beating cushion block and a discharging rod, the material beating cushion block is positioned between the material beating rod and the discharging rod, and the material beating rod, the material beating cushion block and the discharging rod are coaxially and fixedly arranged;
the punch assembly comprises a punch and a punch sleeve coaxially sleeved and fixed outside the punch, the punch sleeve comprises a punch sleeve inner layer and a punch sleeve outer layer which are in cold fit with each other, and the punch sleeve is provided with an air hole I which extends to the outside of the punch sleeve from the surface of the punch sleeve, which is in contact with the punch;
the punch supporting cushion block system comprises a first punch cushion block, an access cushion block and a second punch cushion block which are sequentially arranged in the upper die ring from top to bottom, through holes are formed in the axial centers of the first punch cushion block, the access cushion block and the second punch cushion block, the through holes are coaxially communicated with a material beating hole, and the material beating cushion block and a discharging rod are both penetrated in the through holes;
the ramming cushion block is located below the ramming rod, the diameter of the ramming cushion block is smaller than that of the ramming rod, a horizontal circular bead is formed, the diameter of the top of the discharging rod is the same as that of the ramming cushion block, the diameter of the bottom of the top of the discharging rod is reduced, and a limiting blocking circular bead is formed.
Further, the upper die inner cooling system comprises an upper ejector rod, a spring and a punch water inlet joint,
a water through cavity is axially arranged in the upper ejector rod, the top of the water through cavity is a blind end, the lower part of the water through cavity is an open end, a horizontal water inlet groove penetrating through the side wall is radially formed in the side wall, close to the upper part of the water through cavity, of the upper ejector rod, and the horizontal water inlet groove is communicated with the water through cavity;
the upper ejector rod axially penetrates through the access cushion block and the punch second cushion block, the top of the upper ejector rod is positioned in a through hole in the punch first cushion block, a spring is arranged above the upper ejector rod, a spring cushion block is arranged between the spring and the knockout mechanism, the periphery of the top of the spring cushion block is fixed with the upper T-shaped cushion block, the lower end of the spring cushion block is fixed with the access cushion block, the spring cushion block is sleeved outside the knockout mechanism,
the lower end of the upper ejector rod is pressed against the punch, the punch is axially provided with a cooling water channel, the lower end of the cooling water channel horizontally extends out of the punch, a water cavity of the upper ejector rod is communicated and butted with the cooling water channel of the punch in the vertical direction,
the punch water inlet joint is arranged in the access cushion block, and the access cushion block is provided with a water inlet channel for connecting the punch water inlet joint and the horizontal water inlet groove;
the insert cushion block comprises an insert cushion block inner layer and an insert cushion block outer layer which are in cold fit with a red sleeve, the upper ejector rods are two, the two upper ejector rods are located on two sides of the discharge rod, the equal axial direction penetrates through the insert cushion block inner layer, the insert cushion block inner layer is axially provided with an upper ejector rod moving channel, the upper ejector rod can vertically move on the upper ejector rod moving channel, the insert cushion block outer layer and the insert cushion block inner layer butt joint face are provided with groove rings around the circle of the insert cushion block outer layer, the insert cushion block inner layer is horizontally provided with water diversion holes communicated with the ejector rod moving channel and the groove rings, the water inlet channel is communicated with the groove rings, and the.
Further, the lower die frame comprises a lower backing plate and a lower die plate, the lower die plate is fixed on the lower backing plate, the lower backing plate and the lower die plate are provided with coaxial through holes, a lower T-shaped cushion block is arranged in each through hole, and a push rod through hole is vertically formed in each lower T-shaped cushion block;
the female die supporting cushion block mechanism comprises a next first cushion block and a next second cushion block which are arranged on a lower T-shaped cushion block, the next second cushion block is positioned above the next first cushion block, the next first cushion block and the next second cushion block are provided with coaxial through holes, and an adjusting block tightly attached to the lower T-shaped cushion block is arranged in the through hole of the next first cushion block;
the female die comprises a female die inner layer and a female die outer layer which are in cold fit with each other in a red sleeve manner, the female die is positioned on the lower second cushion block,
the die fixing mechanism comprises a die fastening ring, a lower die cavity and a die holder, the die fastening ring and the lower die cavity are all sleeved on the periphery of the die, the inner side of the periphery of the upper portion of the lower die cavity is provided with a concave groove, the die fastening ring is partially sunken in the concave groove, the die holder is arranged below the lower die cavity, and the die holder surrounds the die, a second lower cushion block and a next cushion block.
Further, the lower die inner cooling system comprises an inner water spraying push rod and a lower ejector rod, the inner water spraying push rod penetrates through the through hole of the lower T-shaped cushion block, an inner water spraying cavity is axially formed in the inner water spraying push rod, the lower end of the inner water spraying cavity is a blind end, the upper end of the inner water spraying cavity is an open end, a water inlet is formed in the side wall of the inner water spraying cavity and communicated with the inner water spraying cavity,
the middle part of the through hole of the lower T-shaped cushion block faces towards an expanded cavity which is expanded on the periphery, the diameter of the expanded cavity is larger than that of the through hole, the water inlet is positioned in the expanded cavity,
an inner water spraying channel block is horizontally arranged in the lower template, a water inlet channel is arranged in the center of the inner water spraying channel block, one end of the water inlet channel is an open end, the other end of the water inlet channel is a blind end, a water inlet hole is formed in the side wall of one side of the blind end, a female die water inlet joint is arranged in the water inlet hole, the open end faces to a lower T-shaped cushion block, and a water diversion channel communicated with the water inlet channel and the expansion cavity is formed in the lower T-shaped cushion block;
the center of the lower ejector rod is provided with a spray cavity, the lower end of the spray cavity is an open end, the upper end of the spray cavity is a blind end, the periphery of the open end is provided with a flange butted with an adjusting block, the center of the adjusting block is provided with a central hole communicated with the spray cavity and an inner water spray cavity, the top of the lower ejector rod is positioned in a central through hole of a second cushion block, the upper side wall of the lower ejector rod is provided with a plurality of water spray holes,
the diameter of a central through hole of the lower second cushion block is smaller than that of the central through hole of the lower first cushion block;
air holes II are respectively arranged between the next cushion block and between the next cushion block and the lower T-shaped cushion block,
and a side hole extending to the outside is formed in the side wall of the next cushion block.
Furthermore, the knockout mechanism, the punch component and the supporting cushion block system are in eccentric positions in the die carrier system,
the female die and the female die supporting cushion block mechanism are in eccentric positions in the female die fixing mechanism.
The internal cooling method of the hot forging die is characterized in that the hot forging die is internally provided with the upper die internal cooling system and the lower die internal cooling system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mold closing state: placing a hot forging piece in the female die, descending a press slide block to a bottom dead center, hot forging the hot forging piece on the lower die by using a punch, wherein the punch is subjected to resistance of the hot forging piece to prevent the punch from descending, the descending stroke of the punch and an upper ejector rod is smaller than the descending stroke of a punch supporting cushion block system and a punch sleeve, a water inlet channel connected to the cushion block is positioned below a horizontal water inlet groove of the upper ejector rod and is blocked, at the moment, a water inlet connector of the female die is connected with a water inlet system to convey water towards the water inlet connector, the water flows to an expansion cavity through the water inlet channel, the water fills the expansion cavity and enters an inner water spraying cavity from a water inlet of an inner water spraying push rod, the water level rises to the top of the lower ejector rod in the inner water spraying cavity, the water is sprayed out of a water spraying hole of the lower ejector;
step two: slightly lifting the upper die: after the hot forging is finished, the upper die is slightly lifted upwards, the hot forging pieces on the punch and the lower die are adhered, the punch is influenced by adhesion force, the punch is still at the horizontal height during the hot forging in the process of lifting the upper die, or the speed of the punch moving upwards is smaller than the speed of the upper die, at the moment, the upper die frame is lifted, the punch sleeve is synchronously lifted, but the position of the punch is unchanged, or the lifting distance is smaller than the lifting distance of the access cushion block, finally, the water inlet channel is horizontally aligned with the horizontal water inlet groove of the upper ejector rod, water of a cold system in the upper die enters the water through joint of the punch into the water through cavity in the upper ejector rod and flows downwards to the cooling water channel of the punch and is sprayed out from the lower end of the cooling water channel in the punch, and the position of the cold system in;
step three: lifting the upper die: the second step, the slide block of the press machine continues to move upwards, the upper die continues to move upwards, the upper ejector rod continues to move upwards, the punch throws and bonds the hot forging piece, the inner cooling system of the upper die is consistent with the second step, at the moment, the inner water spraying push rod, the adjusting block and the lower ejector rod synchronously move upwards, the adjusting block blocks the side hole of the next cushion block, the water inlet joint of the female die still conveys water towards the inner cooling system of the lower die all the time, and the water flows out from the air hole II between the next cushion block and the next second cushion block after being sprayed out from the water spraying hole of the lower ejector rod;
step four: the upper die is continuously lifted: thirdly, continuously lifting the slide block of the press machine, separating the punch head from the hot forging piece, continuously pressing the hot forging piece by the discharging rod, continuously ejecting the upper die internal cooling system upwards, ejecting water in the lower die internal cooling system from the water spraying hole of the lower ejector rod, overflowing the water into the cavity of the female die to cool the surface of the cavity of the female die, and discharging the water through an air hole II between the lower second cushion block and the next first cushion block;
step five: opening the mold: when the slide block of the press machine reaches the top dead center, the hot forging piece is transported away by the mechanical arm, water sprayed by the inner cooling system of the lower die directly fills the cavity of the female die, and the inner cooling system of the upper die is consistent with the second step;
step six: placing a blank hot forging piece: a blank hot forging piece is carried into a female die by a manipulator, a press slide block moves downwards, a horizontal water inlet groove of an upper ejector rod moves upwards and is blocked by an access cushion block, an upper die internal cooling system stops working, the blank hot forging piece extrudes water in a female die cavity, a lower ejector rod moves downwards, the lower die internal cooling system is in a working state, and water below an adjusting block is discharged from a side hole of a next cushion block;
step seven: the upper die continues to descend: the upper die continues to descend, the blank hot forging presses the lower ejector rod and the adjusting block to continue moving downwards, the cooling system in the lower die is in a working state, the adjusting block blocks the side hole of the next cushion block, and water below the adjusting block is discharged from the air hole II between the next cushion block and the lower T-shaped cushion block;
step eight: and (5) mold assembly again: and (5) when the slide block of the press machine reaches the bottom dead center, finishing the forming of the blank hot forging, and enabling the lower die inner cooling system and the upper die inner cooling system to be consistent with the first step.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the inner cooling system of the upper die skillfully realizes the switching between the cooling starting and the cooling stopping by utilizing the elastic performance of the spring and the self weight of the punch, ensures that the temperature of the blind hole of the punch towards the inner side wall is maintained at the normal temperature, and simultaneously ensures that the punch can protrude enough height, so that an external cooling system can act on the outer side wall of the blind hole of the punch, solves the problem that the concave shape of the forming part of the upper die cannot be cooled when a complex curved surface is formed in a hot forging mode of a large amount of water, realizes the sufficient cooling of the forming part of the upper die, prolongs the service life of the die, and improves the manufacturability of the hot forging of the large amount of water.
According to the lower die inner cooling system, the cooling water is filled in the through holes of the inner next cushion block and the lower second cushion block, the periphery of the lower ejector rod is filled with the cooling water, the inside and the outside of the female die supporting cushion block mechanism can be fully cooled, and the effect of taking both the internal cooling and the external cooling into consideration is achieved. After the hot forging piece is taken away, the cavity of the female die is filled with cooling water, and the female die is sufficiently, timely, efficiently and comprehensively cooled. The invention realizes that the fixed cooling system cools the female die, so that the female die is always in swimming water, the movement of an automatic device is not influenced, and the traditional dragging of a hose is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal cooling system of the upper die of the present invention in operation,
figure 2 is an enlarged view of figure 1 with the upper backing plate removed,
figure 3 is a schematic view of the internal cooling system of the cope mold of the present invention in an inoperative condition,
figure 4 is a schematic view of figure 3 with the knockout mechanism removed,
figure 5 is a schematic view of the state of figure 4 with the upper mat removed,
figure 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower die of the present invention,
figure 7 is a schematic view of the clamping state of the invention,
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a state where an upper mold is slightly lifted according to the present invention,
figure 9 is a schematic view of figure 8 after continued lifting,
figure 10 is a schematic view of figure 9 after it has been raised,
figure 11 is a schematic view of the open state of the present invention,
figure 12 is a schematic view of figure 11 after replacement with a new hot forging,
figure 13 is a schematic view of the upper die of figure 12 after it has been lowered,
figure 14 is a schematic view of the condition of the clamping of figure 13,
list of reference numerals: 1-upper die plate, 2-upper backing plate, 3-knockout pin, 4-upper T-shaped pad, 5-punch pad I, 6-upper die ring, 7-knockout pad, 8-punch pad II, 9-discharge pin, 10-punch, 11-punch inner layer, 12-punch outer layer, 13-punch sleeve, 14-insert pad inner layer, 15-insert pad outer layer, 16-insert pad, 17-water inlet joint, 18-upper ejector pin, 19-spring, 20-spring backing plate, 21-slide plate frame, 22-air hole I, 23-discharge hole, 24-water inlet hole, 25-groove ring, 26-water passage cavity, 27-horizontal water inlet groove, 28-knockout hole, 29-knockout hole, 30-pin, 31-cooling water passage, 32-water inlet passage, 33-lower backing plate, 34-lower die plate, 35-lower T-shaped pad, 36-inner water spray push rod, 37-inner cavity, 38-water spray nozzle, 39-an expansion cavity, 40-a water diversion channel, 41-an internal water spraying channel block, 42-a water inlet hole, 43-a water inlet joint, 44-an adjusting block, 45-a flange, 46-a lower ejector rod, 47-a water spraying hole, 48-a hot forging piece, 49-a female die inner layer, 50-a female die outer layer, 51-a female die, 52-a female die fastening ring, 53-a lower die chamber, 54-a lower die holder, 55-a lower second cushion block, 56-an air hole II, 57-a next cushion block, 58-a spraying cavity and 59-a side hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the following detailed description is illustrative of the invention only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a state of an upper die inner cooling system of an upper die of the present invention in operation, and fig. 2 is an enlarged view of fig. 1 with an upper backing plate removed, and it can be seen from the two drawings that a die carrier system, a knockout mechanism, a punch assembly, a punch backup block system, and an upper die inner cooling system are provided in the upper die of the present invention. The die carrier system includes the upper padding plate 2 of level setting, and the lower surface of upper padding plate 2 is hugged closely and is fixed with cope match-plate pattern 1, and cope match-plate pattern 1 and upper padding plate 2 pass through a plurality of pin 30 fixed connection of circumference. The upper die plate 1 is provided with a cavity with a convex-shaped longitudinal section, an upper T-shaped cushion block 4 with a shape matched with the shape is arranged in the cavity, a vertical through material beating hole 29 is formed in the center of the upper T-shaped cushion block 4 and the upper base plate 2, an upper die ring 6 is arranged below the cavity at the center of the upper die plate 1, the periphery of the upper die ring 6 is embedded and fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the upper die plate 1, the center of the upper die ring 6 is vertically communicated with the cavity, and a punch 10 supporting cushion block system is arranged in the upper die ring 6 and forms a channel communicated with and coaxial with the material beating hole 29.
The material beating mechanism comprises a material beating rod 3 arranged in a material beating hole 29, a material beating cushion block 7 and a discharging rod 9 are arranged at the lower end of the material beating rod 3, the material beating cushion block 7 is located between the material beating rod 3 and the discharging rod 9, and the material beating rod 3, the material beating cushion block 7 and the discharging rod 9 are coaxially and fixedly arranged. The knockout pad 7 is positioned in a knockout pad hole 28 in the center of the insertion pad 16, and the discharge rod 9 is positioned in a discharge hole 23 in the center of the knockout pad 7.
The punch assembly comprises a punch 10 and a punch sleeve 13 coaxially sleeved and fixed outside the punch 10, the punch sleeve 13 comprises a punch sleeve inner layer 11 and a punch sleeve outer layer 12 which are in cold fit with each other in a red sleeve mode, and the punch sleeve 13 is provided with an air hole I22 extending to the outside of the punch sleeve 13 from the surface, in contact with the punch 10, of the punch sleeve 13.
The punch supporting cushion block system comprises a punch 10 first cushion block 5, an access cushion block 16 and a punch 10 second cushion block 8 which are sequentially arranged inside the upper die ring 6 from top to bottom, wherein a through hole is formed in the axial center of the punch 10 first cushion block 5, the access cushion block 16 and the punch 10 second cushion block 8, the through hole is coaxially communicated with the knockout hole 29, and the knockout cushion block 7 and the discharge rod 9 are both penetrated through the through hole. The material beating cushion block 7 is located below the material beating rod 3, the diameter of the material beating cushion block 7 is smaller than that of the material beating rod 3, a horizontal circular bead is formed, the diameter of the top of the discharging rod 9 is the same as that of the material beating cushion block 7, the diameter of the lower portion of the top of the discharging rod 9 is reduced, and a limiting blocking circular bead is formed.
The inner cooling system of the punch 10 comprises an upper ejector rod 18, a spring 19 and a punch water inlet joint 17, a water through cavity 26 is axially arranged in the upper ejector rod 18, the top of the water through cavity 26 is a blind end, the lower part of the water through cavity is an open end, a horizontal water inlet groove 27 penetrating through the side wall is radially formed in the side wall, close to the upper part of the water through cavity 26, of the upper ejector rod 18, and the horizontal water inlet groove 27 is communicated with the water through cavity 26. An upper ejector rod 18 axially penetrates through an access cushion block 16 and a punch 10 second cushion block 8, the top of the upper ejector rod 18 is located in a through hole in a punch 10 first cushion block 5, a spring 19 is arranged above the upper ejector rod 18, a spring cushion block is arranged between the spring 19 and a knockout mechanism, the periphery of the top of the spring cushion block is fixed with an upper T-shaped cushion block 4, the lower end of the spring cushion block is fixed with the access cushion block 16, and the spring cushion block is sleeved outside the knockout mechanism. A spring cushion plate 20 is arranged above the upper ejector rod, the spring cushion plate 20 comprises a circular cushion plate and an intermediate rod vertically arranged in the middle of the circular cushion plate and extending upwards, and the intermediate rod is inserted into the axial center of the spring 19 and used for fixing the spring 19 and guiding the spring to move in a telescopic mode. The lower end of the upper ejector rod 18 is pressed against the punch 10, a cooling water channel 31 is axially formed in the punch 10, the lower end of the cooling water channel 31 horizontally extends out of the punch 10, and the water through cavity 26 of the upper ejector rod 18 is in through butt joint with the cooling water channel 31 of the punch 10 in the vertical direction. The punch water inlet joint 17 is arranged in the access cushion block 16, and the access cushion block 16 is provided with a water inlet channel 32 which is connected with the punch water inlet joint 17 and the horizontal water inlet groove 27. The access cushion block 16 comprises an access cushion block inner layer 14 and an access cushion block outer layer 15 which are in cold fit with a red sleeve, the number of the upper ejector rods 18 is two, the two upper ejector rods are located on two sides of the discharging rod 9, the two upper ejector rods axially penetrate through the access cushion block inner layer 14, the upper ejector rod 18 moving channel is axially arranged on the access cushion block inner layer 14, the upper ejector rod 18 can vertically move in the upper ejector rod 18 moving channel, the butt joint surface of the access cushion block outer layer 15 and the access cushion block inner layer 14 is provided with a groove ring 25 surrounding the circle of the access cushion block inner layer, the access cushion block inner layer 14 is horizontally provided with a water diversion hole 24 for communicating the ejector rod moving channel with the groove ring 25, the.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a state when the internal cooling system of the punch 10 of the present invention does not work, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of fig. 3 with the knockout mechanism removed, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of fig. 4 with the upper backing plate 2 removed, and it can be seen from the three drawings that when the internal cooling system of the punch 10 is in a non-working state, the water diversion hole 24 is staggered from the horizontal water inlet groove 27, and the horizontal water inlet groove 27 is blocked.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the lower die of the present invention, and as can be seen from the attached drawings, the lower die of the present invention comprises a lower die frame, a die 51 supporting cushion block mechanism, a die 51, a die fixing mechanism and a lower die internal cooling system.
The lower die frame comprises a lower backing plate 33 and a lower die plate 34, the lower die plate 34 is fixed on the lower backing plate 33, coaxial through holes are formed in the lower backing plate 33 and the lower die plate 34, a lower T-shaped cushion block 35 is arranged in each through hole, and a push rod through hole is vertically formed in the lower T-shaped cushion block 35.
The die supporting cushion block mechanism comprises a next first cushion block 57 and a next second cushion block 55 which are arranged on the lower T-shaped cushion block 35, the next second cushion block 55 is located above the next first cushion block 57, the next first cushion block 57 and the next second cushion block 55 are provided with coaxial through holes, and an adjusting block 44 tightly attached to the lower T-shaped cushion block 35 is arranged in the through hole of the next first cushion block 57.
The female die 51 comprises a female die inner layer 49 and a female die outer layer 50 which are in shrink fit, and the female die 51 is positioned on a lower second cushion block 55.
The female die fixing mechanism comprises a female die fastening ring 52, a lower die chamber 53 and a lower die base 54, the female die fastening ring 52 and the lower die chamber 53 are all sleeved on the periphery of the female die 51, the inner side of the periphery of the upper part of the lower die chamber 53 is provided with a concave groove, the female die fastening ring 52 is partially sunken in the concave groove, the lower die base 54 is arranged below the lower die chamber 53, and the lower die base 54 surrounds the female die 51, a lower second cushion block 55 and a lower first cushion block 57.
The lower die inner cooling system comprises an inner water spraying push rod 36 and a lower push rod 46, the inner water spraying push rod 36 penetrates through a through hole of the lower T-shaped cushion block 35, an inner water spraying cavity 37 is axially formed in the inner water spraying push rod 36, the lower end of the inner water spraying cavity 37 is a blind end, the upper end of the inner water spraying cavity is an open end, a water inlet 38 is formed in the side wall of the inner water spraying cavity 37, and the water inlet 38 is communicated with the inner water spraying cavity 37. The middle part of the through hole of the lower T-shaped cushion block 35 faces the enlarged cavity 39 with the periphery enlarged, the diameter of the enlarged cavity 39 is larger than that of the through hole, and the water inlet 38 is positioned in the enlarged cavity 39. An inner water spraying channel block 41 is horizontally arranged in the lower template 34, a water inlet channel 32 is formed in the center of the inner water spraying channel block 41, one end of the water inlet channel 32 is an open end, the other end of the water inlet channel is a blind end, a water inlet hole 42 is formed in the side wall of one side of the blind end, a female die water inlet joint 43 is installed in the water inlet hole 42, the open end faces to the lower T-shaped cushion block 35, and a water diversion channel 40 communicated with the water inlet channel 32 and the expansion cavity 39 is formed in the lower T-shaped cushion block 35. The center of the lower ejector rod 46 is provided with a spray cavity 58, the lower end of the spray cavity 58 is an open end, the upper end of the spray cavity is a blind end, the periphery of the open end is provided with a flange 45 butted with the adjusting block 44, the center of the adjusting block 44 is provided with a center hole for communicating the spray cavity 58 with the inner water spray cavity 37, the top of the lower ejector rod 46 is positioned in a center through hole of the lower second cushion block 55, and the upper side wall of the lower ejector rod 46 is provided with a plurality of water spray holes 47. The central through hole diameter of the lower second pad 55 is smaller than the central through hole diameter of the lower first pad 57. Air holes II 56 are formed between the next first cushion block 57 and the next second cushion block 55 and between the next first cushion block 57 and the lower T-shaped cushion block 35. The side wall of the next cushion block 57 is provided with a side hole 59 extending to the outside.
The knockout mechanism, the punch assembly and the supporting cushion block system are in eccentric positions in the die carrier system, and the female die 51 and the supporting cushion block mechanism of the female die 51 are also in eccentric positions in the female die fixing mechanism. Water passing through the air holes I22 and II 56 flows out through the gap at the eccentric position.
The application process of the invention in practical production is explained with reference to the accompanying fig. 7-14, and the internal cooling method of the hot forging die specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mold closing state: with reference to fig. 7, a hot forging piece 48 is placed in the female die, the press slide block descends to a bottom dead center, the punch thermally forges the hot forging piece on the lower die, the punch is subjected to resistance of the hot forging piece to prevent the punch from descending, the descending stroke of the punch and the upper ejector rod is smaller than the descending stroke of the punch supporting cushion block system and the punch sleeve, a water inlet channel connected to the cushion block is positioned below a horizontal water inlet groove of the upper ejector rod, the water inlet channel is blocked, at the moment, a water inlet connector of the female die is connected with a water inlet system and conveys water towards the water inlet connector, the water flows to an expansion cavity through the water inlet channel, the water fills the expansion cavity and enters an inner water spraying cavity from a water inlet of an inner water spraying push rod, the water level rises to the top of the lower ejector rod in the inner water spraying cavity and is sprayed out from the water spraying hole;
step two: slightly lifting the upper die: with reference to fig. 8, after the hot forging is completed, the upper die is slightly lifted upwards, the hot forged parts on the punch and the lower die are adhered, the punch is influenced by an adhesion force, the punch is still at the horizontal height during the hot forging in the process of lifting the upper die, or the speed of the punch moving upwards is smaller than the speed of the lifting of the upper die, at this time, the upper die frame is lifted, the punch sleeve is lifted synchronously, but the position of the punch is unchanged, or the lifting distance is smaller than the lifting distance of the access cushion block, finally, the water inlet channel is horizontally aligned with the horizontal water inlet groove of the upper ejector rod, water in a cold system in the upper die enters the water through the punch water inlet joint into the water through cavity in the upper ejector rod and flows downwards to the cooling water channel of the punch and is sprayed out from the lower end of the cooling water channel in the punch;
step three: lifting the upper die: with reference to fig. 9, in the second step, the press ram continues to move upwards, the upper die continues to move upwards, the upper ejector rod continues to move upwards, the punch head throws and adheres to the hot forging, the inner cooling system of the upper die is consistent with that in the second step, at the moment, the inner water spraying push rod, the adjusting block and the lower ejector rod synchronously move upwards, the adjusting block blocks the side hole of the next cushion block, the water inlet joint of the female die still conveys water towards the inner cooling system of the lower die, and the water flows out from the air hole ii between the next cushion block and the next second cushion block after being sprayed out from the water spraying hole of the lower ejector rod;
step four: the upper die is continuously lifted: with reference to the drawing 10, the third step is carried out, the slide block of the press machine is continuously lifted, the punch head is separated from the hot forging piece, the discharge rod continuously presses the hot forging piece, the upper die internal cooling system is consistent with the second step, the lower ejector rod continuously ejects upwards, water in the lower die internal cooling system is ejected from the water spraying hole of the lower ejector rod and overflows into the cavity of the female die to cool the surface of the cavity of the female die, and the water is discharged from the air hole II between the second lower cushion block and the first lower cushion block;
step five: opening the mold: with reference to fig. 11, when the slide block of the press reaches the top dead center, the hot forged piece is carried away by the manipulator, water sprayed by the inner cooling system of the lower die directly fills the cavity of the female die, and the inner cooling system of the upper die is consistent with the second step;
step six: placing a blank hot forging piece: with reference to fig. 12, a manipulator carries a blank hot forging into a female die, a press slide block moves downwards, a horizontal water inlet groove of an upper ejector rod moves upwards and is blocked by an access cushion block, an upper die internal cooling system stops working, the blank hot forging extrudes water in a female die cavity, a lower ejector rod moves downwards, a lower die internal cooling system is in a working state, and water below an adjusting block is discharged from a side hole of a next cushion block;
step seven: the upper die continues to descend: with reference to fig. 13, the upper die continues to descend, the blank hot forging presses the lower ejector rod and the adjusting block to continue to move downwards, the cooling system in the lower die is in a working state, the adjusting block blocks the side hole of the next cushion block, and water below the adjusting block is discharged from the air hole II between the next cushion block and the lower T-shaped cushion block;
step eight: and (5) mold assembly again: and (5) referring to fig. 14, when the slide block of the press reaches the bottom dead center, the blank hot forging forming is finished, and the lower die inner cooling system and the upper die inner cooling system are consistent with the first step.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed by the technical means, and the technical scheme also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical characteristics.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The internal cooling method of the hot forging die is characterized in that an upper die internal cooling system and a lower die internal cooling system are arranged in the hot forging die, and the internal cooling method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mold closing state: placing a hot forging piece in the female die, descending a press slide block to a bottom dead center, hot forging the hot forging piece on the lower die by using a punch, wherein the punch is subjected to resistance of the hot forging piece to prevent the punch from descending, the descending stroke of the punch and an upper ejector rod is smaller than the descending stroke of a punch supporting cushion block system and a punch sleeve, a water inlet channel connected to the cushion block is positioned below a horizontal water inlet groove of the upper ejector rod and is blocked, at the moment, a water inlet connector of the female die is connected with a water inlet system to convey water towards the water inlet connector, the water flows to an expansion cavity through the water inlet channel, the water fills the expansion cavity and enters an inner water spraying cavity from a water inlet of an inner water spraying push rod, the water level rises to the top of the lower ejector rod in the inner water spraying cavity, the water is sprayed out of a water spraying hole of the lower ejector;
step two: slightly lifting the upper die: after the hot forging is finished, the upper die is slightly lifted upwards, the hot forging pieces on the punch and the lower die are adhered, the punch is influenced by adhesion force, the punch is still at the horizontal height during the hot forging in the process of lifting the upper die, or the speed of the punch moving upwards is smaller than the speed of the upper die, at the moment, the upper die frame is lifted, the punch sleeve is synchronously lifted, but the position of the punch is unchanged, or the lifting distance is smaller than the lifting distance of the access cushion block, finally, the water inlet channel is horizontally aligned with the horizontal water inlet groove of the upper ejector rod, water of a cold system in the upper die enters the water through joint of the punch into the water through cavity in the upper ejector rod and flows downwards to the cooling water channel of the punch and is sprayed out from the lower end of the cooling water channel in the punch, and the position of the cold system in;
step three: lifting the upper die: the second step, the slide block of the press machine continues to move upwards, the upper die continues to move upwards, the upper ejector rod continues to move upwards, the punch head is still adhered to the hot forging piece, the inner cooling system of the upper die is consistent with the second step, at the moment, the inner water spraying push rod, the adjusting block and the lower ejector rod synchronously move upwards, the adjusting block blocks the side hole of the next cushion block, the water inlet joint of the female die still conveys water towards the inner cooling system of the lower die all the time, and the water is sprayed out of the water spraying hole of the lower ejector rod and then flows out of the air hole II between the next cushion block and the second cushion block;
step four: the upper die is continuously lifted: thirdly, continuously lifting the slide block of the press machine, separating the punch head from the hot forging piece, continuously pressing the hot forging piece by the discharging rod, continuously ejecting the upper die internal cooling system upwards, ejecting water in the lower die internal cooling system from the water spraying hole of the lower ejector rod, overflowing the water into the cavity of the female die to cool the surface of the cavity of the female die, and discharging the water through an air hole II between the lower second cushion block and the next first cushion block;
step five: opening the mold: when the slide block of the press machine reaches the top dead center, the hot forging piece is transported away by the mechanical arm, water sprayed by the inner cooling system of the lower die directly fills the cavity of the female die, and the inner cooling system of the upper die is consistent with the second step;
step six: placing a blank hot forging piece: a blank hot forging piece is carried into a female die by a manipulator, a press slide block moves downwards, a horizontal water inlet groove of an upper ejector rod moves upwards and is blocked by an access cushion block, an upper die internal cooling system stops working, the blank hot forging piece extrudes water in a female die cavity, a lower ejector rod moves downwards, the lower die internal cooling system is in a working state, and water below an adjusting block is discharged from a side hole of a next cushion block;
step seven: the upper die continues to descend: the upper die continues to descend, the blank hot forging presses the lower ejector rod and the adjusting block to continue moving downwards, the cooling system in the lower die is in a working state, the adjusting block blocks the side hole of the next cushion block, and water below the adjusting block is discharged from the air hole II between the next cushion block and the lower T-shaped cushion block;
step eight: and (5) mold assembly again: and (5) when the slide block of the press machine reaches the bottom dead center, finishing the forming of the blank hot forging, and enabling the lower die inner cooling system and the upper die inner cooling system to be consistent with the first step.
2. A method for cooling a hot forging die in an internal cooling manner according to claim 1, wherein the hot forging die comprises an upper die and a lower die, the upper die comprises a die frame system, a knockout mechanism is vertically arranged in the die frame system, a punch component is arranged at the lower end of the knockout mechanism, the knockout mechanism is arranged in the die frame system through a punch supporting cushion block system, the knockout mechanism drives the punch component to synchronously vertically move in the die frame system, and after the knockout mechanism descends, a punch thermally forges a hot forging piece on the die frame,
the lower die comprises a lower die frame, a female die supporting cushion block mechanism, a female die and a female die fixing mechanism, the female die fixing mechanism surrounds the periphery of the female die, the female die supporting cushion block mechanism is arranged between the female die and the lower die frame,
the upper die inner cooling system is arranged in the upper die and in the punch supporting cushion block system, the upper die inner cooling system and the punch assembly are lifted synchronously to form a flowing cooling water environment around the punch assembly,
the lower die inner cooling system is arranged in the lower die, is introduced from the lower die frame and is sprayed out from between the die supporting cushion block mechanism and the die to cool the die, the hot forging piece and the die supporting cushion block mechanism.
3. The internal cooling method of a hot forging die according to claim 2, wherein the die carrier system comprises an upper backing plate horizontally arranged, an upper die plate is tightly attached and fixed to the lower surface of the upper backing plate, the upper die plate is provided with a cavity with a vertical section in a shape like a Chinese character 'tu', an upper T-shaped cushion block with a shape matched with the cavity is arranged in the cavity, a vertically through knockout hole is formed in the center of the upper T-shaped cushion block and the upper backing plate,
an upper die ring is arranged below a cavity in the center of the upper die plate, the periphery of the upper die ring is embedded and fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the upper die plate, the center of the upper die ring is vertically communicated with a hollow cavity, and the punch supporting cushion block system is arranged in the upper die ring and forms a channel which is communicated with and coaxial with the knockout hole;
the material beating mechanism comprises a material beating rod arranged in a material beating hole, the lower end of the material beating rod is provided with a material beating cushion block and a discharging rod, the material beating cushion block is positioned between the material beating rod and the discharging rod, and the material beating rod, the material beating cushion block and the discharging rod are coaxially and fixedly arranged;
the punch assembly comprises a punch and a punch sleeve coaxially sleeved and fixed outside the punch, the punch sleeve comprises a punch sleeve inner layer and a punch sleeve outer layer which are in cold fit with each other, and the punch sleeve is provided with an air hole I which extends to the outside of the punch sleeve from the surface of the punch sleeve, which is in contact with the punch;
the punch supporting cushion block system comprises a first punch cushion block, an access cushion block and a second punch cushion block which are sequentially arranged in the upper die ring from top to bottom, through holes are formed in the axial centers of the first punch cushion block, the access cushion block and the second punch cushion block, the through holes are coaxially communicated with a material beating hole, and the material beating cushion block and a discharging rod are both penetrated in the through holes;
the ramming cushion block is located below the ramming rod, the diameter of the ramming cushion block is smaller than that of the ramming rod, a horizontal circular bead is formed, the diameter of the top of the discharging rod is the same as that of the ramming cushion block, the diameter of the bottom of the top of the discharging rod is reduced, and a limiting blocking circular bead is formed.
4. A method of internal cooling of a hot forging die as claimed in claim 3, wherein said internal cooling system includes an upper ram, a spring and a punch water inlet joint,
a water through cavity is axially arranged in the upper ejector rod, the top of the water through cavity is a blind end, the lower part of the water through cavity is an open end, a horizontal water inlet groove penetrating through the side wall is radially formed in the side wall, close to the upper part of the water through cavity, of the upper ejector rod, and the horizontal water inlet groove is communicated with the water through cavity;
the upper ejector rod axially penetrates through the access cushion block and the punch second cushion block, the top of the upper ejector rod is positioned in a through hole in the punch first cushion block, a spring is arranged above the upper ejector rod, a spring cushion block is arranged between the spring and the knockout mechanism, the periphery of the top of the spring cushion block is fixed with the upper T-shaped cushion block, the lower end of the spring cushion block is fixed with the access cushion block, the spring cushion block is sleeved outside the knockout mechanism,
the lower end of the upper ejector rod is pressed against the punch, the punch is axially provided with a cooling water channel, the lower end of the cooling water channel horizontally extends out of the punch, a water cavity of the upper ejector rod is communicated and butted with the cooling water channel of the punch in the vertical direction,
the punch water inlet joint is arranged in the access cushion block, and the access cushion block is provided with a water inlet channel for connecting the punch water inlet joint and the horizontal water inlet groove;
the insert cushion block comprises an insert cushion block inner layer and an insert cushion block outer layer which are in cold fit with a red sleeve, the upper ejector rods are two, the two upper ejector rods are located on two sides of the discharge rod, the equal axial direction penetrates through the insert cushion block inner layer, the insert cushion block inner layer is axially provided with an upper ejector rod moving channel, the upper ejector rod can vertically move on the upper ejector rod moving channel, the insert cushion block outer layer and the insert cushion block inner layer butt joint face are provided with groove rings around the circle of the insert cushion block outer layer, the insert cushion block inner layer is horizontally provided with water diversion holes communicated with the upper ejector rod moving channel and the groove rings, the water inlet channel is communicated with the groove rings, and the.
5. The internal cooling method for the hot-forging die according to claim 2, wherein the lower die frame comprises a lower backing plate and a lower template, the lower template is fixed on the lower backing plate, the lower backing plate and the lower template are provided with coaxial through holes, lower T-shaped cushion blocks are arranged in the through holes, and push rod through holes are vertically formed in the lower T-shaped cushion blocks;
the female die supporting cushion block mechanism comprises a next first cushion block and a next second cushion block which are arranged on a lower T-shaped cushion block, the next second cushion block is positioned above the next first cushion block, the next first cushion block and the next second cushion block are provided with coaxial through holes, and an adjusting block tightly attached to the lower T-shaped cushion block is arranged in the through hole of the next first cushion block;
the female die comprises a female die inner layer and a female die outer layer which are in cold fit with each other in a red sleeve manner, the female die is positioned on the lower second cushion block,
the die fixing mechanism comprises a die fastening ring, a lower die cavity and a die holder, the die fastening ring and the lower die cavity are all sleeved on the periphery of the die, a concave groove is formed in the inner side of the periphery of the upper portion of the lower die cavity, the die fastening ring is partially sunken in the concave groove, the die holder is arranged below the lower die cavity, and the die holder surrounds the die, a second lower cushion block and a next cushion block.
6. The internal cooling method for a hot forging die according to claim 5, wherein the lower die internal cooling system comprises an internal water spray push rod and a lower ejector rod, the internal water spray push rod penetrates through the through hole of the lower T-shaped cushion block, an internal water spray cavity is axially formed in the internal water spray push rod, the lower end of the internal water spray cavity is a blind end, the upper end of the internal water spray cavity is an open end, a water inlet is formed in the side wall of the internal water spray cavity, and the water inlet is communicated with the internal water spray cavity,
the middle part of the through hole of the lower T-shaped cushion block is provided with an enlarged cavity which is enlarged towards the periphery, the diameter of the enlarged cavity is larger than that of the through hole, the water inlet is positioned in the enlarged cavity,
an inner water spraying channel block is horizontally arranged in the lower template, a water inlet channel is formed in the center of the inner water spraying channel block, one end of the water inlet channel is an open end, the other end of the water inlet channel is a blind end, a water inlet hole is formed in the side wall of one side of the blind end, a female die water inlet joint is installed in the water inlet hole, the open end faces to the lower T-shaped cushion block, and a water diversion channel communicated with the water inlet channel and the expansion cavity is formed in the lower T-shaped cushion block;
the center of the lower ejector rod is provided with a spray cavity, the lower end of the spray cavity is an open end, the upper end of the spray cavity is a blind end, the periphery of the open end is provided with a flange butted with an adjusting block, the center of the adjusting block is provided with a central hole communicated with the spray cavity and an inner water spray cavity, the top of the lower ejector rod is positioned in a central through hole of a second cushion block, the upper side wall of the lower ejector rod is provided with a plurality of water spray holes,
the diameter of a central through hole of the lower second cushion block is smaller than that of the central through hole of the lower first cushion block;
air holes II are respectively arranged between the next cushion block and between the next cushion block and the lower T-shaped cushion block,
and a side hole extending to the outside is formed in the side wall of the next cushion block.
7. A method of internal cooling of a hot forging die as claimed in claim 2, wherein said knockout mechanism, punch assembly and punch shoe system are in an eccentric position in the die carrier system,
the female die and the female die supporting cushion block mechanism are in eccentric positions in the female die fixing mechanism.
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| CN111112516B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-04-15 | 上海呈略自动化工程有限公司 | Cutting and separating system of metal winding pipe |
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| JP2005305491A (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-11-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Device and method for cooling forming die for forging |
| CN203649295U (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-06-18 | 江苏森威精锻有限公司 | Device for warm forging and spray cooling of universal joint |
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