CN109980367B - Array antenna with rapid self-repairing capability and self-repairing method thereof - Google Patents
Array antenna with rapid self-repairing capability and self-repairing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an array antenna with a rapid self-repairing capability and a self-repairing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of array antennas. The array antenna comprises an array element array, a T/R cell array, a power distribution/addition network and a beam control system, wherein the T/R cell array comprises an input switching control module,kThe T/R cell detection device comprises T/R cells, a detection module and an output switching control module. The array antenna can realize the quick self-repairing of the array antenna through the quick switching of the T/R cells on the basis of quick self-detection, and in the self-repairing process, the original state of signals of each radiation array element is kept, the mutual coupling between the array elements is not changed, and the self-repairing effect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of array antennas, in particular to an array antenna with a quick self-repairing capability and a self-repairing method thereof.
Background
Due to the characteristics of high power, high gain, fast beam scanning and the like, the array antenna is widely applied to modern radar equipment. The array antenna is generally composed of a plurality of array elements, and high-power, high-gain and differently-directed beams are synthesized in the air through amplitude and phase changes of excitation signals of each array element. A large number of array elements are the basis of the array antenna, and the probability of the array having failed array elements is improved due to the increase of the number of the array elements.
The array antenna has a complex structure, and the array elements are not easy to replace and repair due to failure. Particularly, the repair cannot be carried out in time under the application environments of aerospace, battlefields and the like. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the influence of array element failure on the performance of the array antenna and perform self-repair of the array on the premise of ensuring the performance of the array antenna.
In the current array antenna self-repairing research, the performance of the array antenna is recovered to the maximum extent through reconfiguration of normal array element excitation in the array on the basis of the configurable excitation of each array element in the array, so that self-repairing is realized. The array element reconfiguration excitation is calculated mainly through a group intelligent algorithm, iterative FFT and model analysis. In the reconfiguration process, the amplitude and the phase of the excitation signal of each array element are changed, although the change of the excitation signal enables the theoretical value of the directional diagram of the array antenna to be close to the expected value, the mutual coupling between the array elements is also changed, and the self-repairing effect is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to provide an array antenna with high repair speed and good repair effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an array antenna with a rapid self-repairing capability is characterized in that: the power distribution/addition network is bidirectionally connected with the input switching control module, k wiring terminals of the input switching control module are respectively connected with one wiring terminal of the k T/R cells, the other wiring terminal of the k T/R cells is connected with the output switching control module, and n wiring terminals of the output switching control module are connected with n array elements in the array element array; the input switching control module is used for carrying out connection switching between n ports of the power distribution/addition network and k T/R cell inputs according to the detection result of the detection module so as to connect the working T/R cell to the power distribution/addition network; the output switching control module is used for performing connection switching between k T/R cell outputs and n array elements according to the detection result of the detection module, disconnecting the failed T/R cell from the array elements according to the failure information and keeping the connection between the working T/R cell and the array elements; the data output end of the k T/R cells is connected with the signal input end of the detection module, the control signal output end of the detection module is connected with the control end of the input switching control module, the control end of the output switching control module and the control ends of the k T/R cells, the detection module detects the states of the k T/R cells in real time, sends out fault signals according to detection results, and controls the T/R cells, the input switching control module and the output switching control module to act; and the control output end of the beam control system is connected with the coding control input ends of the k T/R cells and is used for generating a control code of each T/R cell according to the array antenna and other parameters and the beam pointing requirement and controlling the signal phase and amplitude of each receiving and transmitting channel, wherein k is more than or equal to n, and k and n are natural numbers more than 1.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the T/R cell comprises a controllable phase shifter, a controllable attenuator, a first switch, a receiving channel amplitude limiter, a receiving channel low noise amplifier, a transmitting channel low noise amplifier, a second switch, an address generator and a gene library, an array element is connected with a main terminal of the second switch, one tap terminal of the second switch is connected with an output terminal of the transmitting channel low noise amplifier, the other tap terminal of the second switch is connected with an input terminal of the receiving channel low noise amplifier through the receiving channel amplitude limiter, an output terminal of the receiving channel low noise amplifier is connected with one terminal of the first switch, an input terminal of the transmitting channel low noise amplifier is connected with the other terminal of the first switch, a common terminal of the first switch is connected with the phase shifter through the attenuator, and the phase shifter is connected with the power distribution/addition network, the input end of the address generator inputs an input address AiAnd a fault signal F, wherein one path of output end of the address generator outputs an address, the other path of output end is connected with the input end of the gene library, the gene library comprises a phase-shifting code library and an attenuation code library, and the output end of the attenuation code library is connected with the attenuatorThe output end of the phase shift code bank is connected with one input end of the adder, the other output end of the adder receives phase-scanning codes sent by a beam control system, and the output end of the adder is connected with the control end of the phase shifter;
the adder receives the phase-shifted code sent by the beam control system, and adds the phase-shifted code with the phase-shifted code to generate a phase shifter control code, so that the spatial scanning of the beam is realized;
the gene library stores n configuration genes of the whole array antenna, each gene comprises an attenuation code and a phase shift code and respectively controls the attenuation quantity of the attenuator and the phase shift quantity of the phase shifter in the radio frequency transceiver module; each T/R cell in the whole T/R cell array executes different genes respectively, so that the amplitude and the phase of the transmitted and received signals of different array elements are regularly distributed, and expected beams are realized;
the address generator is based on the input address AiGenerating the local cell address signal A by the sum of the failure signal FoAnd selecting the corresponding gene in the expression gene library according to the address. A. thei、F、AoThe relation between them is as shown in formula (1)
When the cell is normal, the fault signal F is equal to 0, and the cell address is the input address plus 1; when the cell is in failure, the failure signal F is 1, and the cell input address is equal to the cell output address;
the output address and the input address of the adjacent T/R cells are connected with each other to form a cell string, and then the address of each T/R cell sequentially increases according to the position of the T/R cell in the cell string, and the genes in the expressed gene library also sequentially increase; when a T/R cell with a fault occurs, the output address of the fault cell is equal to the input address of the fault cell, the calculated address of the cell behind the fault T/R cell is the same as the original fault T/R cell, and the fault T/R cell is replaced to perform corresponding radio frequency signal phase and amplitude adjustment, so that self-repairing of the array antenna is completed.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the detection module comprises a standard T/R cell, a detection control module, a comparison module, an input switch module and a set switch module, wherein the input end of the input switch is connected with the signal output end of the T/R cell, the output end of the input switch is connected with one input end of the comparison module, the output end of the standard T/R cell is connected with the other input end of the comparison module, the output end of the comparison module is connected with the input end of the set switch module, the output end of the set switch module is the output end of the detection module, and the control ends of the input switch module and the set switch module are connected with the control output end of the detection control module;
the standard T/R cells execute the functions of the T/R cells at different positions according to the control signals of the detection control module, and output the cells to the comparison module to provide comparison standards for the detection of each T/R cell in the array;
the input switch module is used for selecting a detection object, and the output of the detected T/R cell is sent to the comparison module for detection under the control of the detection control module;
the comparison module compares the output of the T/R cell to be detected sent by the input switch module with the output of the standard T/R cell, and judges whether the T/R cell to be detected is normal or not according to the comparison result;
the set switch module is used for setting the corresponding fault flag bit f of the detected T/R cell according to the detection result of the comparison module0、f1、…、fk-1Setting to a corresponding value; flag bit fi∈{0,1}，f i0 indicates that the ith T/R cell is normal, f i1 indicates the ith T/R cell failure;
the detection control module controls the whole detection process of the T/R cell array, and controls the input switch, the T/R cells and the setting switch to sequentially execute corresponding functions according to the detection process.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the output switching control module comprises a switch control module and n multi-way switches, the input ends of the multi-way switches are connected with the output ends of the T/R cells, the output ends of the multi-way switches are respectively connected with the array elements, and the control output ends of the switch control module are connected with the control ends of the multi-way switches;
each multi-way switch performs input T/R cell switching control of an array element, the input T/R cell range of the ith (i is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n-1) array element is i-i + k-n, and a switch control signal CiSelecting corresponding T/R cells to be connected with the ith array element under the control; ciFor multi-bit parallel binary control signals, at CiThe number of the T/R cell connected with the ith array element is i + dec (C)i) Wherein dec (C)i) Is CiDecimal value of (d);
switch control signal CiThe width of the array antenna is determined by the number n of array elements in the array antenna, the number k of T/R cells, the array structure of the T/R cells and a self-repairing method, and for the cell string type self-repairing method, CiHas a width of
Wherein width (C)i) Which represents the width of the signal or signals,
is an upward rounding function;
the switch control module takes the T/R cell array fault signal F as input and generates control signals C of n multi-way switches according to the T/R cell fault condition in the array0、C1、…、Cn-1；
F (0: n-1) is an n-bit binary array failure signal, F (i) ∈ {0,1} is a normal/failure state signal of the ith (0 ≦ i ≦ n-1) T/R cell, F (i) ═ 0 indicates that the ith T/R cell is normal, F (i) ═ 1 indicates that the ith cell is failed, and F (0: n-1) is all 0 for the initial normal T/R cell array.
The invention also discloses a self-repairing method of the array antenna, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the initial state, the first n T/R cells in the T/R cell array are connected with the power distribution/addition network and the array element array, corresponding genes are expressed according to the positions of the cells, and the amplitude and the phase of array element radiation signals at different positions of the array antenna are changed according to rules under the configuration of different attenuation codes and phase shift codes, so that beams meeting requirements are synthesized in space;
in the operation process of the array antenna, a detection module in the T/R cell array detects the state of each T/R cell in real time, and when a certain T/R cell breaks down, the detection module marks a state flag bit corresponding to the cell as 1, namely the fault state;
under the drive of the status flag bit, the functions of the failed T/R cell and the subsequent cells are sequentially moved backwards until a backup cell is used, so that the number of working cells is maintained to be n; meanwhile, the input switching control module and the output switching control module disconnect the connection of the failed T/R cell with the power distribution/addition network and the array element according to the change of the status flag bit, the connection state of the working cell is kept, and the self-repairing of the array antenna is completed.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the array antenna can realize the quick self-repairing of the array antenna through the quick switching of the T/R cells on the basis of quick self-detection, and in the self-repairing process, the original state of signals of each radiation array element is kept, the mutual coupling between the array elements is not changed, and the self-repairing effect is improved.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a basic structure diagram of an active array antenna in the prior art in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the basic architecture of a prior art embryonic electronic system in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of T/R cells in an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a detection module in the array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an output switching control module in the array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a normal array antenna in the method of the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of the array antenna after repair in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Array antenna basic structure:
a typical active array antenna structure is shown in fig. 1, and an array element array composed of an array element array, a T/R module, a beam control system, a power distribution/summation network, and the like is formed by arranging a plurality of radiation array elements in a certain form, and can be divided into a rectangular array, a circular array, a triangular array, and the like according to the form of the network between the array elements. If the array elements are arranged according to the same interval, the array elements are called a uniform interval array, otherwise, the array elements are called non-uniform intervals. In the non-uniform spacing array, if the array element pitches are all different or are integral multiples of the minimum pitch, the array is called a sparse array.
The T/R component comprises a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, a receiving/transmitting change-over switch, a controllable phase shifter and an attenuator, and the receiving and transmitting of radio frequency signals and the adjustment of phase and amplitude are realized through the phase shifter and the attenuator. Each T/R component and one radiating array element form a transceiving channel.
And the beam control system generates control codes of phase shifters and attenuators in each T/R assembly according to parameters such as the beam width, the main lobe-to-side lobe level ratio and the like of the phased array antenna and beam pointing requirements, and controls the signal phase and amplitude of each transmitting-receiving channel, so that the control of aerial radiation beams is realized.
Self-repairing of the array antenna:
the existing array antenna self-repairing research is based on the reconfiguration of array element excitation, and the directional diagram is corrected by modifying the control codes of a phase shifter and an attenuator in a normal T/R assembly in an array, so that the influence of a fault on a wave beam is reduced, the performance of an array antenna is recovered to a certain extent, and the self-repairing of the array antenna is realized.
The learner calculates phase shifter and attenuator control code of the normal T/R component by group intelligent algorithm, iterative FFT, matrix beam method and the like with the normal beam as a target and the fault position as a condition. And reconfiguring the T/R component by using the control code obtained by calculation so as to realize self repair of the array antenna.
The self-repairing method changes the excitation signals of the array elements in the array, simultaneously sets the excitation of the array elements of the path where the fault is located to be zero, so that the mutual coupling relation among different array elements is changed.
Embryonic electronic systems:
the embryonic electronic system is a novel bionic hardware structure with self-detection and self-repair capabilities, and is formed by arranging electronic cells with the same structure, and the structure is shown in figure 2.
The electronic cell is a logic unit with certain data processing capacity, and consists of a gene library, an address generator, an I/O unit, a logic unit and a self-Test unit (BIT): the gene bank stores all genes of the whole circuit, and different genes represent different cell functions and connection modes; the address generator calculates the position of the cell, generates a cell identifier, expresses a corresponding gene through the identifier and executes the gene function; the I/O unit is used for controlling the connection of the cells and the surrounding cells and controlling the signal interaction of the cells and other cells under the configuration of the expressed genes; the logic unit executes the logic function of the cell and executes different logic functions under different expression gene configurations; BIT detects the cell state in real time during cell operation.
The electronic cell expresses specific genes in the gene library according to the self position, determines the connection mode of the I/O unit and the logic function executed by the logic block, and all cells of the system complete the function of the target circuit together. In the operation process, the BIT module detects the cell state in real time, and when cell faults are detected, cell fault signals are sent outwards to trigger a repair mechanism, the faulty cells are removed, and the influence of the faults on a target circuit is eliminated. The remaining cells recalculate position and renew the expressed genes, performing new cellular functions and connections. Through the removal of the fault cells and the replacement of the normal cells, the function of the target circuit is maintained, and the self-repairing of the target circuit on the embryonic electronic system is completed.
In the existing self-repairing method, when one transceiving channel has a fault, a T/R assembly and an array element of the transceiving channel are not used, and only the fault-free transceiving channel is used, so that the coupling of the array element in the array is changed, and the self-repairing effect is influenced. In the array antenna, the reliability of the T/R component is low, and the reliability of the array element is high. In the self-repairing process, the array elements with high reliability can be reserved, only the T/R assembly is repaired, the position among the array elements is guaranteed to be unchanged by the array elements, and the coupling condition of the array elements is kept uniform.
The array antenna with the rapid self-repairing capability is shown in fig. 3 and comprises an array element array, a T/R cell array, a power distribution/addition network and a beam control system, wherein the T/R cell array comprises an input switching control module, k T/R cells, a detection module and an output switching control module, the power distribution/addition network is bidirectionally connected with the input switching control module, k terminals of the input switching control module are respectively connected with one terminal of the k T/R cells, the other terminal of the k T/R cells is connected with the output switching control module, and n terminals of the output switching control module are connected with n array elements in the array element array; and the data output ends of the k T/R cells are connected with the signal input end of the detection module, and the control signal output end of the detection module is connected with the control end of the input switching control module, the control end of the output switching control module and the control ends of the k T/R cells.
The T/R cell is used for realizing the receiving and transmitting of radio frequency signals and the adjustment of signal phase and amplitude. k T/R cells form a cell string, wherein k is more than or equal to n, and k-n is the backup number of the T/R cells, namely the repair failure frequency. Under normal state, the first n are working cells for signal receiving, transmitting and adjusting of array elements, and the last k-n are backup cells. When the working T/R cell is in failure, the function of the failure cell and the function of the following cell are sequentially moved backwards, and the function of the former cell is realized by the following cell until a backup cell is used.
The detection module detects the states of the k T/R cells in real time, sends out fault signals according to detection results, and controls the T/R cells, the input switching module and the output switching module.
And the input switching module performs connection switching between the n ports of the power distribution/addition network and the k T/R cell inputs according to the detection module result so as to connect the working T/R cell to the power distribution/addition network.
The output switching module is similar to the input switching module in function, connection switching between k T/R cell outputs and n array elements is carried out, connection between the fault T/R cell and the array element is disconnected according to fault information, and connection between the working T/R cell and the array element is kept.
T/R cell structure:
the structures of all T/R cells in the T/R cell array are the same, the configuration information of phase shifters and attenuators of all array elements of the whole array antenna is stored, and all the T/R cells are connected in sequence to form a cell string.
T/R cells can be divided into three states, working, failure and idle: the working cells are normal cells for executing attenuation and phase shift, the T/R cell array comprises n working cells with the same number as the array elements, and the working cells are connected with the power distribution/addition network and the array elements one by one; the fault cell indicates the cell which has fault and can not complete the functions of attenuation, phase shift and the like, and the cell is not connected with the power distribution/addition network and the array element; the idle cells refer to normal cells in a backup state, and when working cells are in failure, the idle cells can replace the failure cells to complete the functions of the working cells, so that the number of the working cells is n, and the functions of the array antenna are maintained.
Each T/R cell executes corresponding phase shifter and attenuator configuration according to the state and the position of the T/R cell, is connected to the power distribution/addition network and the corresponding radiation array element through the input switching control module and the output switching control module, and carries out different phase and amplitude conditioning on the receiving/transmitting frequency signals.
The overall T/R cell structure is shown in FIG. 4, and includes an RF transceiver module, a gene bank, and an address generator; the radio frequency transceiver module comprises a controllable attenuator, a controllable phase shifter, a transmission path Amplifier, a reception path limiter and Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a transceiver switch, an adder and the like.
Specifically, the T/R cell comprises a controllable phase shifter, a controllable attenuator, a first switch, a receiving channel amplitude limiter, a receiving channel low noise amplifier, a transmitting channel low noise amplifier, a second switch, an address generator and a gene library, wherein an array element is connected with a main terminal of the second switch, one tap terminal of the second switch is connected with an output terminal of the transmitting channel low noise amplifier, the other tap terminal of the second switch is connected with an input terminal of the receiving channel low noise amplifier through the receiving channel amplitude limiter, an output terminal of the receiving channel low noise amplifier is connected with one terminal of the first switch, an input terminal of the transmitting channel low noise amplifier is connected with the other terminal of the first switch, a common terminal of the first switch is connected with the phase shifter through the attenuator, and the phase shifter is connected with the power distribution/addition network, the input end of the address generator inputs an input address AiAnd a fault signal F, wherein one path of output end of the address generator outputs an address, the other path of output end of the address generator is connected with the input end of a gene library, the gene library comprises a phase-shifting code library and an attenuation code library, the output end of the attenuation code library is connected with the control end of the attenuator, the output end of the phase-shifting code library is connected with one input end of the adder, the other output end of the adder receives a phase-scanning code sent by a beam control system, and the output end of the adder is connected with the control end of the phase shifter.
The radio frequency transceiving module comprises a controllable attenuator, a controllable phase shifter, a transmitting path Amplifier, a receiving path amplitude limiter, a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a transceiving switch, an adder and the like, wherein one end of the radio frequency transceiving module is connected with a power distribution/addition network, and the other end of the radio frequency transceiving module is connected with an array element for transmitting and receiving the amplitude, phase adjustment and power amplification of radio frequency signals, and the radio frequency transceiving module performs different phase and amplitude adjustments on the transmitting/receiving signals under different configurations of phase shift codes and attenuation codes so as to realize the specific transmitting and receiving signals of the array element. The adder receives the phase-shifted code sent by the beam control system, and adds the phase-shifted code with the phase-shifted code to generate a phase shifter control code, so that the spatial scanning of the beam is realized;
the gene library stores n configuration genes of the whole array antenna, each gene consists of an attenuation code and a phase shift code, and the attenuation amount of an attenuator in the radio frequency transceiver module and the phase shift amount of a phase shifter are respectively controlled. Different genes are selected, and the radio frequency transceiver module can be configured to realize different attenuation and functions. Each cell in the whole T/R cell array executes different genes respectively, so that the amplitude and the phase of the transmitted and received signals of different array elements are distributed according to a certain rule, and expected wave beams are realized;
the address generator is based on the input address AiGenerating the local cell address signal A by the sum of the failure signal FoAnd selecting the corresponding gene in the expression gene library according to the address. A. thei、F、AoThe relation between them is as shown in formula (1)
When the cell is normal, the fault signal F is equal to 0, and the cell address is the input address plus 1; when a cell is faulty, the fault signal F is 1, and the cell input address is equal to the cell output address.
When the output address and the input address of the adjacent T/R cells are connected with each other to form a cell string, the addresses of the T/R cells sequentially increase according to the positions of the T/R cells in the cell string, and the genes in the expressed gene bank sequentially increase. When a T/R cell with a fault occurs, the output address of the fault cell is equal to the input address of the fault cell, the calculated address of the cell behind the fault T/R cell is the same as the original fault T/R cell, and the fault T/R cell is replaced to perform corresponding radio frequency signal phase and amplitude adjustment, so that self-repairing of the array antenna is completed.
Detecting the module structure:
the detection module performs function check on k cells in the T/R cell array, detects the position of a fault cell in time, sends a fault signal and triggers the self-repairing process of the array antenna.
The detection module adopts a circulation comparison mode to detect each T/R cell, the structure of the detection module is shown in figure 5, and the detection module comprises a detection standard T/R cell, a detection control module, a comparison module, an input switch module and a set switch module, wherein the input end of the input switch is connected with the signal output end of the T/R cell, the output end of the input switch is connected with one input end of the comparison module, the output end of the standard T/R cell is connected with the other input end of the comparison module, the output end of the comparison module is connected with the input end of the set switch module, the output end of the set switch module is the output end of the detection module, and the control ends of the input switch module and the set switch module are connected with the control output end of the detection control module;
the standard T/R cells execute the functions of the T/R cells at different positions according to the control signals of the detection control module, and output the cells to the comparison module, so that comparison standards are provided for the detection of the T/R cells in the array.
The input switch selects the detection object, and the output of the detected T/R cell is sent to the comparison module for detection under the control of the detection control module.
The comparison module compares the output of the T/R cell to be detected sent by the input switch with the output of the standard T/R cell, and judges whether the T/R cell to be detected is normal or not according to the comparison result.
The set switch is used for detecting the corresponding fault flag bit f of the detected T/R cell according to the detection result of the comparison module0、f1、…、fk-1Set to the corresponding value. Flag bit fi∈{0,1}，f i0 denotes the ith Tnormal/R cells, f i1 indicates the ith T/R cell failure.
The detection control module is the core of the detection module, performs the whole T/R cell array detection process control, and controls the input switch, the T/R cells and the setting switch to sequentially execute corresponding functions according to the detection process.
Input/output switching control module structure:
array elements and power distribution/addition network ports in the array antenna are n, the number of cells in the T/R cell array is k, wherein n are working cells, and the positions of the working cells are continuously changed along with the change of the cell states.
The input/output switching control module maintains the connection of the n working cells with the power distribution/addition network and the array elements, when the working cells break down, the connection of the broken cells is timely disconnected, switching is timely adjusted according to the position change of the working cells in the self-repairing process, the connection of the working cells with the power distribution/addition network and the array elements is guaranteed, and self-repairing of the array antenna is completed.
Taking the output switching control module as an example, the output switching control module performs switching control between k T/R cells and n array elements, and controls the connection mode according to the fault signal of the T/R cell array, so that n working cells in the array are always connected with the corresponding n array elements. The structure of the output switching control module is shown in fig. 6, and the output switching control module comprises a switch control module and n multi-way switches, wherein the input end of each multi-way switch is connected with the output end of the T/R cell, the output ends of the multi-way switches are respectively connected with the array elements, and the control output end of the switch control module is connected with the control end of the multi-way switch.
(1) Multi-way switch
Each multi-way switch performs input T/R cell switching control of an array element, the input T/R cell range of the ith (i is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n-1) array element is i-i + k-n, and a switch control signal CiAnd selecting corresponding T/R cells to be connected with the ith array element under the control. CiFor multi-bit parallel binary control signals, at CiThe number of the T/R cell connected with the ith array element is i + dec (C)i) Wherein dec (C)i) Is CiDecimal value of (d).
Switch control signal CiThe width of the array antenna is determined by the number n of array elements in the array antenna, the number k of T/R cells, the array structure of the T/R cells and a self-repairing method, and for the cell string type self-repairing method, CiHas a width of
Wherein width (C)i) Which represents the width of the signal or signals,
is an rounding-up function.
(2) Switch control module
The switch control module takes the T/R cell array fault signal F as input and generates control signals C of n multi-way switches according to the T/R cell fault condition in the array0、C1、…、Cn-1。
F (0: n-1) is an n-bit binary array failure signal, F (i) ∈ {0,1} is a normal/failure state signal of the ith (0 ≦ i ≦ n-1) T/R cell, F (i) ═ 0 indicates that the ith T/R cell is normal, and F (i) ═ 1 indicates that the ith cell is failed. For the initial normal T/R cell array, F (0: n-1) was all 0.
The invention also discloses a self-repairing method of the array antenna, which comprises the following steps:
in the initial state, the first n T/R cells in the T/R cell array are connected with a power distribution/addition network and a radiation array element, corresponding genes are expressed according to the positions of the cells, and the amplitude and the phase of array element radiation signals at different positions of the array antenna are changed according to a certain rule under the configuration of different attenuation codes and phase shift codes, so that beams meeting requirements are synthesized in space.
And in the operation process of the array antenna, a detection module in the T/R cell array detects the state of each T/R cell in real time. When a certain T/R cell has a fault, the detection module marks the state flag bit corresponding to the cell as 1, namely the fault state.
Under the drive of the status flag bit, the functions of the failed T/R cell and the subsequent cells are sequentially moved backwards until a backup cell is used, so that the number of working cells is maintained to be n; meanwhile, the input switching control module and the output switching control module disconnect the failed T/R cell from the power distribution/addition network and the array element in time according to the change of the state flag bit, the connection state of the working cell is kept, and the self-repairing of the array antenna is completed.
Taking the array antenna with n-3 and k-5 as an example, the first three cells (Cell 0-Cell 2) execute Cell genes (gene 0-gene 2) in the initial state, and the radiation array elements are connected, as shown in fig. 7, Cell3 and Cell4 are backup cells.
When Cell1 fails, its address generator output is the same as that of Cell0, then Cell2 expresses gene1, performing the Cell1 function; the backup Cell3 expresses gene2, and executes Cell2 function; meanwhile, the input/output switching control module disconnects the Cell1 from the power distribution/addition network and the array element, and connects the Cell2 and the Cell3 to the power distribution/addition network and the array element instead of the Cell1 and the Cell2, so that the functions of the array antenna are guaranteed, and self-repairing is completed, as shown in fig. 8.
The array antenna takes T/R cells as basic units to form a T/R cell array, and the amplitude and phase of each radiation array element signal in the array antenna have the function of adjusting. A T/R cell array structure, a T/R cell structure, a detection module structure and an input/output switching control module structure are designed, and a new technical approach is provided for array antenna self-repairing. The array antenna can realize the quick self-repairing of the array antenna through the quick switching of the T/R cells on the basis of quick self-detection, and in the self-repairing process, the original state of signals of each radiation array element is kept, the mutual coupling between the array elements is not changed, and the self-repairing effect is improved.
Claims (5)
1. An array antenna with a rapid self-repairing capability is characterized in that: the array element array comprises an array element array, a T/R cell array, a power distribution/addition network and a beam control system, wherein the T/R cell array comprises an input switching control module, k T/R cells, a detection module and an output switching control module, the power distribution/addition network is bidirectionally connected with the input switching control module, k terminals of the input switching control module are respectively connected with one terminal of the k T/R cells, the other terminal of the k T/R cells is connected with the output switching control module, and n terminals of the output switching control module are connected with n array elements in the array element array; the input switching control module is used for carrying out connection switching between n ports of the power distribution/addition network and k T/R cell inputs according to the detection result of the detection module so as to connect the working T/R cell to the power distribution/addition network; the output switching control module is used for performing connection switching between k T/R cell outputs and n array elements according to the detection result of the detection module, disconnecting the failed T/R cell from the array elements according to the failure information and keeping the connection between the working T/R cell and the array elements; the data output end of the k T/R cells is connected with the signal input end of the detection module, the control signal output end of the detection module is connected with the control end of the input switching control module, the control end of the output switching control module and the control ends of the k T/R cells, the detection module detects the states of the k T/R cells in real time, sends out fault signals according to detection results, and controls the T/R cells, the input switching control module and the output switching control module to act; and the control output end of the beam control system is connected with the coding control input ends of the k T/R cells and is used for generating a control code of each T/R cell according to the array antenna and other parameters and the beam pointing requirement and controlling the signal phase and amplitude of each receiving and transmitting channel, wherein k is more than or equal to n, and k and n are natural numbers more than 1.
2. The array antenna with the rapid self-repairing capability of claim 1, wherein: the T/R cell comprises a controllable phase shifter, a controllable attenuator, a first switch, a receiving channel amplitude limiter, a receiving channel low noise amplifier, a transmitting channel low noise amplifier, a second switch, an address generator and a gene library, an array element is connected with a main terminal of the second switch, one tapping line terminal of the second switch is connected with an output end of the transmitting channel low noise amplifier, and the other tapping line terminal of the second switch is connected with the receiving channel low noise amplifier through the receiving channel amplitude limiterThe input end of the noise amplifier is connected, the output end of the receiving path low noise amplifier is connected with one terminal of the first switch, the input end of the transmitting path low noise amplifier is connected with the other terminal of the first switch, the common terminal of the first switch is connected with the phase shifter through the attenuator, the phase shifter is connected with the power distribution/addition network, and the input end of the address generator inputs an input address AiThe output end of the attenuation code library is connected with the control end of the attenuator, the output end of the phase shift code library is connected with one input end of an adder, the other output end of the adder receives a phase scanning code sent by a beam control system, and the output end of the adder is connected with the control end of the phase shifter;
the adder receives the phase-shifted code sent by the beam control system, and adds the phase-shifted code with the phase-shifted code to generate a phase shifter control code, so that the spatial scanning of the beam is realized;
the gene library stores n configuration genes of the whole array antenna, each gene comprises an attenuation code and a phase shift code and respectively controls the attenuation quantity of the attenuator and the phase shift quantity of the phase shifter in the radio frequency transceiver module; each T/R cell in the whole T/R cell array executes different genes respectively, so that the amplitude and the phase of the transmitted and received signals of different array elements are regularly distributed, and expected beams are realized;
the address generator is based on the input address AiGenerating the local cell address signal A by the sum of the failure signal FoAnd selecting corresponding genes in the expression gene library according to the address; a. thei、F、AoThe relation between them is as shown in formula (1)
When the cell is normal, the fault signal F is equal to 0, and the cell address is the input address plus 1; when the cell is in failure, the failure signal F is 1, and the cell input address is equal to the cell output address;
the output address and the input address of the adjacent T/R cells are connected with each other to form a cell string, the address of each T/R cell is sequentially increased according to the position of the T/R cell in the cell string, and the genes in the expressed gene library are also sequentially increased; when a T/R cell with a fault occurs, the output address of the fault cell is equal to the input address of the fault cell, the calculated address of the cell behind the fault T/R cell is the same as the original fault T/R cell, and the fault T/R cell is replaced to perform corresponding radio frequency signal phase and amplitude adjustment, so that self-repairing of the array antenna is completed.
3. The array antenna with the rapid self-repairing capability of claim 1, wherein: the detection module comprises a standard T/R cell, a detection control module, a comparison module, an input switch module and a set switch module, wherein the input end of the input switch is connected with the signal output end of the T/R cell, the output end of the input switch is connected with one input end of the comparison module, the output end of the standard T/R cell is connected with the other input end of the comparison module, the output end of the comparison module is connected with the input end of the set switch module, the output end of the set switch module is the output end of the detection module, and the control ends of the input switch module and the set switch module are connected with the control output end of the detection control module;
the standard T/R cells execute the functions of the T/R cells at different positions according to the control signals of the detection control module, and output the cells to the comparison module to provide comparison standards for the detection of each T/R cell in the array;
the input switch module is used for selecting a detection object, and the output of the detected T/R cell is sent to the comparison module for detection under the control of the detection control module;
the comparison module compares the output of the T/R cell to be detected sent by the input switch module with the output of the standard T/R cell, and judges whether the T/R cell to be detected is normal or not according to the comparison result;
set switch module based on comparisonThe module detects the result and the corresponding fault flag bit f of the detected T/R cell0、f1、…、fk-1Setting to a corresponding value; flag bit fi∈{0,1}，fi0 indicates that the ith T/R cell is normal, fi1 indicates the ith T/R cell failure;
the detection control module controls the whole detection process of the T/R cell array, and controls the input switch, the standard T/R cell and the setting switch to sequentially execute corresponding functions according to the detection process.
4. The array antenna with the rapid self-repairing capability of claim 1, wherein: the output switching control module comprises a switch control module and n multi-way switches, the input ends of the multi-way switches are connected with the output ends of the T/R cells, the output ends of the multi-way switches are respectively connected with the array elements, and the control output ends of the switch control module are connected with the control ends of the multi-way switches;
each multi-way switch performs input T/R cell switching control of an array element, the input T/R cell range of the ith (i is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n-1) array element is i-i + k-n, and a switch control signal CiSelecting corresponding T/R cells to be connected with the ith array element under the control; ciFor multi-bit parallel binary control signals, at CiThe number of the T/R cell connected with the ith array element is i + dec (C)i) Wherein dec (C)i) Is CiDecimal value of (d);
switch control signal CiThe width of the array antenna is determined by the number n of array elements in the array antenna, the number k of T/R cells, the array structure of the T/R cells and a self-repairing method, and for the cell string type self-repairing method, CiHas a width of
Wherein width (C)i) Which represents the width of the signal or signals,
is an upward rounding function;
the switch control module takes the T/R cell array fault signal F as input and generates control signals C of n multi-way switches according to the T/R cell fault condition in the array0、C1、…、Cn-1；
F (0: n-1) is an n-bit binary array failure signal, F (i) ∈ {0,1} is a normal/failure state signal of the ith (0 ≦ i ≦ n-1) T/R cell, F (i) ═ 0 indicates that the ith T/R cell is normal, F (i) ═ 1 indicates that the ith cell is failed, and F (0: n-1) is all 0 for the initial normal T/R cell array.
5. The self-repairing method of the array antenna with the rapid self-repairing capability of any one of claims 1-4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the initial state, the first n T/R cells in the T/R cell array are connected with the power distribution/addition network and the array element array, corresponding genes are expressed according to the positions of the cells, and the amplitude and the phase of array element radiation signals at different positions of the array antenna are changed according to rules under the configuration of different attenuation codes and phase shift codes, so that beams meeting requirements are synthesized in space;
in the operation process of the array antenna, a detection module in the T/R cell array detects the state of each T/R cell in real time, and when a certain T/R cell breaks down, the detection module marks a state flag bit corresponding to the cell as 1, namely the fault state;
under the drive of the status flag bit, the functions of the failed T/R cell and the subsequent cells are sequentially moved backwards until a backup cell is used, so that the number of working cells is maintained to be n; meanwhile, the input switching control module and the output switching control module disconnect the connection of the failed T/R cell with the power distribution/addition network and the array element according to the change of the status flag bit, the connection state of the working cell is kept, and the self-repairing of the array antenna is completed.
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