CN109975874A - Controlled source scanning signal design method based on damping Ricker wavelet - Google Patents
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of controlled source scanning signal design method based on damping Ricker wavelet, comprising: according to the requirement of survey area frequency band, the parameter of setting damping Ricker wavelet；Set the start-stop frequency of scanning signal, sweep length and start-stop slope length these sweep parameters；Seek damping Ricker wavelet frequency spectrum；According to the requirement of initial frequency carry out low frequency energy compensation, and according to frequency spectrum redistribute each sample frequency corresponding to the time, seek function t ()；The function of time () progress inverse transformation is sought into time-frequency function ()；Instantaneous phase is sought by carrying out integral to time-frequency function (), and then seeks sinusoidal controlled source scanning signal.The controlled source scanning signal that the present invention generates has the characteristics that bandwidth, wavelet form are good, overcome wavelet poor morphology in the prior art, low-frequency range, high band energy it is lower, the relatively narrow problem of excitation single-shot frequency band can greatly improve seismic data quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil field Seismic Exploration with Vibrator field, specifically refer to it is a kind of based on damping Ricker wavelet can
Focus scanning signal design method is controlled,.
Background technique
Controlled source is that energy is dispersedly passed to underground within the long time, then with the relevant technologies by the length of dispersion
Scanning signal energy puts together and is collapsed into the short pulse of narrower in width, it be earth reflection and propagation characteristic finishing after
The set of the auto-correlation function (wavelet) of scanning signal, the superiority and inferiority of autocorrelation wavelet just directly affect controlled source collecting data
Quality.For a scanning signal, very slow, the earthquake record middle-shallow layer after correlation if these lobes decay
This kind of lobe for reflecting the correlation wavelet of signal will generate interference to deep reflex signal, that is correlation wavelet center wave crest two
Side wave valve plays noise contributions.This noise is the accessory generated due to related operation itself, so it is referred to as correlated noise.It is other
The presence of valve, the presence of especially the first secondary lobe are that we are undesirable, it will have a direct impact on the resolutions of adjacent earth formations with
Detection.
There are many scanning signal design method, and most common linear, nonlinear scanning, wherein linear signal application is the widest
It is general, it realizes and is easy, the energy that each frequency distribution uniform scanning energy mean allocation, cell frequency are occupied is identical；And it is non-thread
Property scanning signal mainly put forward since stratum is not linear to the attenuation by absorption of seismic wave, main application has two
Kind, exponential function scanning and logarithmic function scanning can be used to supplement low frequency or radio-frequency component, but it is used at present linearly with
Non-linear autocorrelation wavelet secondary lobe is larger, generates stronger coherent noise, influences acquisition quality.
In order to reduce correlation side lobes, people have studied the scannings such as simulated frequency conversion scanning, array sweeping or pseudo random scanning
Method, but be not widely applied.Zhang Hongle analyzes the characteristic of signal and signal correlation wavelet, obtains " rotatable phase, logarithm point
Section " scanning signal meets this requirement.Show that " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning signal is strictly one by analyzing, proving
Kind can improve the scanning signal of correlation wavelet feature, and in the theory analysis stage, (Zhang Hongle compiles a kind of improvement correlator baud of
Scanning signal-" rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning signal geophysical equipment of sign, 1999.08 (3): 17~20).In order into
The advantages of one step card " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning signal, Zhang Hongle, Wang Meisheng were to logarithm fractional scanning signal and general
Logical linear scan signal has carried out the test of seismic acquisition data comparison.Test result shows that S/N ratio of seismic records obtains
Be obviously improved (a kind of scanning signal geophysical equipment for improving correlation wavelet characteristic of Zhang Hongle, Wang Meisheng, 2006.8 (S1): 33
~41).In order to design " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning signal, east physical prospecting Cao Wuxiang et al. proposes a kind of shaping calculation
Method, its principle design scanning signal with Ricker wavelet wave character, and signal passes through the change of continuous phase in the design process
Change, the frequency spectrum and Ricker wavelet frequency spectrum for finding out signal carry out successive ignition fitting and realize that (Cao Wuxiang, Li Xianqing, Guo Hongqi are controllable
The plastics design method petroleum exploration of focus scanning signal, 2009.11 (6): 611~614).However this method is using scanning letter
Number frequency spectrum is consistent with Ricker wavelet frequency spectrum, and low-frequency range and high band energy are lower, and excitation single-shot frequency band is relatively narrow, is unfavorable for high score
Resolution seismic prospecting.
Thus we have invented a kind of new controlled source scanning signal design method based on damping Ricker wavelet, solve
The above technical problem, and its scanning signal correlation wavelet secondary lobe is minimum.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of scanning signals to have the characteristics that abundant low frequency, bandwidth, wavelet secondary lobe are small, can
To greatly improve the controlled source scanning signal design method based on damping Ricker wavelet of seismic data quality.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: should be based on the controlled source scanning of damping Ricker wavelet
Design of Signal method includes: step 1, according to the requirement of survey area frequency band, the parameter of setting damping Ricker wavelet；Step 2, if
Determine the start-stop frequency of scanning signal, sweep length and start-stop slope length these sweep parameters；Step 3, damping rake is sought
Wave frequency spectrum；Step 4, low frequency energy compensation is carried out according to the requirement of initial frequency, and each sampling frequency is redistributed according to frequency spectrum
Time corresponding to rate, seek function t (f)；Step 5, function of time t (f) progress inverse transformation is sought into time-frequency function f (t)；Step
Rapid 6, instantaneous phase is sought by carrying out integral to time-frequency function f (t), and then seek sinusoidal controlled source scanning signal.
The purpose of the present invention can be also achieved by the following technical measures:
In step 1, it improves Ricker wavelet formula and constructs a kind of new wavelet, referred to as damping Ricker wavelet σ (t):
σ (t)=[1-2 (π f0t)2]·exp[-B·(πf0t)2] (1)
In formula: t---- damps Ricker wavelet instantaneous time；
f0----damping Ricker wavelet dominant frequency；
B---- damped coefficient.
In step 3, the wavelet spectrum A of scanning signal is found out by fourier transform according to given damping Ricker wavelet σ
(f):
In formula: t---- damps Ricker wavelet instantaneous time；
F---- damps Ricker wavelet instantaneous frequency.
In step 4, it is directed to according to the initial frequency given in step 2 in conjunction with controlled source low-frequency vibration ability
The energy compensating of property, obtains new frequency spectrum A ' (f):
In formula:
FsThe size of ----controlled source power output；
Fmax----controlled source maximum output power；
F---- scanning signal instantaneous frequency；
Q---- controlled source vibrating hydraulic oil instantaneous flow；
Qmax----maximum hydraulic pressure oil stream amount；
f1----scanning signal initial frequency；
f2----scanning signal terminates frequency；
fk----work as Fs/Fmax=Q/QmaxWhen instantaneous frequency；
A (f) --- the wavelet spectrum of-scanning signal.
And it is carried out according to the sweep time of each frequency according to its relationship proportional with the amplitude of frequency content requirement
Redistribute function of time t (f) corresponding to each sample frequency.
In steps of 5, curve t (f) when frequency is sought to the time-frequency curve f (t) of constant duration by inverse transformation.
In step 6, the phase of scanning signal is sought according to time-frequency function f (t), exports sinusoidal controlled source scanning letter
Number:
In formula:
S (t) ----controlled source scanning signal；
B (t) ----Blacknam slope (Blackman) ramp function；
T---- controlled source scanning signal instantaneous time.
The controlled source scanning signal design method based on damping Ricker wavelet in the present invention, innovation propose a kind of side
Valve is small, bandwidth wavelet, damps Ricker wavelet, and establishes the controlled source scanning signal design based on damping Ricker wavelet
Method flow, overcomes that conventional sweep signal subspace wave morphology is poor, " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning signal is in low-frequency range and high frequency
The energy of section is lower, and the scanning signal of the relatively narrow problem of excitation single-shot frequency band, design has preferable correlation wavelet form, with big
It is big to improve controlled source seismic data quality.
With conventional linear compared with nonlinear scanning signal, scanning signal of the present invention has the characteristics that low frequency is abundant, and
Also with the autocorrelation wavelet of minimum dependence edge leaf, therefore, the seismic data of signal excitation of the present invention has more rich low
Frequency energy and signal-to-noise ratio, to greatly improve controlled source seismic data quality.
With the developing and development of controlled source Exploration Domain, survey area is prolonged to more complicated earth's surface, underground condition
It stretches, controlled source acquisition technique also further develops to high-precision, high-resolution seismic survey, therefore controlled source scanning signal
Quality it is particularly important, it to improve Seismic Exploration Effect have great influence.From the point of view of the successful application in In A Certain Place of Xinjiang area,
Controlled source scanning signal design method based on damping Ricker wavelet has good applicability and application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a specific embodiment of the controlled source scanning signal design method of the invention based on damping Ricker wavelet
Flow chart；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the controlled source scanning signal generated in a specific embodiment of the invention using the present invention；
Fig. 3 is linear scan in a specific embodiment of the invention, " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning and damping rake
The time-frequency curve comparison figure of three kinds of one specific embodiments of scanning signal of wavelet；
Fig. 4 is linear scan in a specific embodiment of the invention, " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning and damping rake
Three kinds of scanning signals of wavelet, one specific embodiment Spectrum Analysis Comparison figure；
Fig. 5 is linear scan in a specific embodiment of the invention, " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning and damping rake
Three kinds of scanning signals of wavelet, one specific embodiment autocorrelation wavelet analyzes comparison diagram；
Fig. 6 is that In A Certain Place of Xinjiang area linear scan one specific embodiment single shot record shows in a specific embodiment of the invention
It is intended to；
Fig. 7 is that In A Certain Place of Xinjiang area in a specific embodiment of the invention " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning one is specific real
Apply the schematic diagram of a single shot record；
Fig. 8 is that In A Certain Place of Xinjiang area damps Ricker wavelet one specific embodiment single-shot of scanning in a specific embodiment of the invention
The schematic diagram of record；
Fig. 9 is In A Certain Place of Xinjiang area linear scan in a specific embodiment of the invention, " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning
With damping three kinds of scanning signals of Ricker wavelet, one specific embodiment single-shot target zone energy spectrometer figure；
Figure 10 is In A Certain Place of Xinjiang area In A Certain Place of Xinjiang area linear scan in a specific embodiment of the invention, " rotatable phase, right
Number segmentation " scanning and damping three kinds of scanning signals of Ricker wavelet, one specific embodiment single-shot target zone Analysis signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) figure.
Specific embodiment
To enable above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention to be clearer and more comprehensible, preferably implementation is cited below particularly out
Example, and cooperate institute's accompanying drawings, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described
Embodiment is merely a part but not all of the embodiments of the present application.Based on the embodiment in the application, this field
Those of ordinary skill's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, all should belong to the application
The range of protection.
According to controlled source scanning signal principle it is found that the frequency spectrum of scanning signal and the frequency of autocorrelation wavelet are consistent
, therefore the design of signal can be scanned according to correlation wavelet.The design essence of scanning signal is exactly the design of time-frequency curve,
The sinusoidal scanning signal used for controlled source is calculated further according to nonlinear scanning signal formula.
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is the knots of the controlled source scanning signal design method of the invention based on damping Ricker wavelet
Structure flow chart.
It in step 101, improves Ricker wavelet and constructs a kind of new wavelet, referred to as damping Ricker wavelet, the small, low frequency with secondary lobe
The characteristics of abundant, bandwidth.According to the requirement of survey area frequency band, constructs and damping Ricker wavelet σ (t) and damped coefficient are set
B and damping Ricker wavelet centre frequency f0。
σ (t)=[1-2 (π f0t)2]·exp[-B·(πf0t)2] (1)
In formula: t---- damps Ricker wavelet instantaneous time；
f0----damping Ricker wavelet dominant frequency；
B---- damped coefficient；
In one embodiment, according to the requirement of survey area scan frequency and energy, damped coefficient B=2 is had chosen, is damped
Ricker wavelet basic frequency f0=30Hz.Process enters step 102.
In step 102, the start-stop frequency f of scanning signal is designed1、f2, sweep length T and start-stop slope length.Implement one
In example, according to the requirement of survey area scan frequency and energy, start-stop frequency 2-84Hz and sweep length 18s, start-stop are chosen
Slope is respectively 1000ms, 300ms.Process enters step 103.
The wavelet spectrum A of scanning signal is found out by the wavelet σ in step 101 by fourier transform in step 103
(f):
Process enters step 104.
In step 104, according to the initial frequency of sweep parameter in step 102, in conjunction with controlled source low-frequency vibration ability, into
Capable targetedly energy compensating, obtains new scanning signal frequency spectrum A ' (f):
In formula:
FsThe size of ----controlled source power output；
Fmax----controlled source maximum output power；
F---- scanning signal instantaneous frequency；
Q---- controlled source vibrating hydraulic oil instantaneous flow；
Qmax----maximum hydraulic pressure oil stream amount；
f1----scanning signal initial frequency；
f2----scanning signal terminates frequency；
fk----work as Fs/Fmax=Q/QmaxWhen instantaneous frequency.
In one embodiment, the vibration parameters of suitable Nomad65 type controlled source, controlled source maximum output power are had chosen
Fmax=276kN；Maximum hydraulic pressure oil stream amount Qmax=125gpm；And according to the sweep time of each frequency according to its with the frequency at
The relationship for dividing desired amplitude proportional carries out redistributing function of time t (f) corresponding to each sample frequency.Process enters
To step 105.
In step 105, seek the instantaneous frequency in scanning signal, it is exactly the inverse function f (t) of t (f), actually by
Above formula solves the expression formula of f (t)；In one embodiment, relationship when frequency is sought to the time-frequency curve of constant duration by transformation
Data.Process enters step 106.
In step 106, the phase of scanning signal is sought according to time-frequency function f (t), exports sinusoidal controlled source scanning letter
Number:
In formula:
S (t) ----controlled source scanning signal；
B (t) ----Blacknam slope (Blackman) ramp function；
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, having obtained based on damping Ricker wavelet, start-stop frequency 2-84Hz, sweep length
18s and start-stop slope are respectively the controlled source scanning signal of 1000ms, 300ms.
In an application specific embodiment of the invention, according to the requirement of Xinjiang exploration area scan frequency and energy, choosing
It takes based on damping Ricker wavelet damped coefficient B=2, dominant frequency f0=30Hz, start-stop frequency 2-84Hz and sweep length 18s rise
Only slope is respectively 1000ms, 300ms, carries out Design of Signal with the present invention, implements step such as Fig. 1, generation it is controllable
Focus scanning signal is as shown in Fig. 2, and to linear scan signal, " rotatable phase, logarithm are segmented " scanning signal and be based on damping
These three signals of Ricker wavelet scanning signal carry out time frequency analysis, such as Fig. 3；Carry out spectrum analysis, such as Fig. 4；Carry out auto-correlation
Wave analysis, such as Fig. 5, the sub- form of scanning signal auto-correlation that Fig. 3-Fig. 5 shows that the present invention generates have larger change.It will be of the invention
It after the scanning signal test passes of generation, is input in controlled source and just can be carried out operation, be as shown in figs 6-8 linear scan letter
Number (6-84Hz), " rotatable phase, logarithm segmentation " scanning signal (6-84Hz) with based on damping Ricker wavelet scanning signal (2-
84Hz) the obtained earthquake single-shot 20-40Hz filtering record of these three signal scannings, if Fig. 9, Figure 10 are respectively to generate to focus
Three single-shots carry out the energy of target zone, Analysis signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).The more conventional linear scan signal of scanning signal of the present invention is compared,
With smaller secondary lobe autocorrelation wavelet, the seismic data of excitation energy with higher and signal-to-noise ratio are scanned compared with normal signal and are provided
Material is improved.
Claims (6)
1. the controlled source scanning signal design method based on damping Ricker wavelet, which is characterized in that should be based on damping rake
The controlled source scanning signal design method of wave includes:
Step 1, according to the requirement of survey area frequency band, the parameter of setting damping Ricker wavelet；
Step 2, the start-stop frequency of scanning signal, sweep length and start-stop slope length these sweep parameters are set；
Step 3, damping Ricker wavelet frequency spectrum is sought；
Step 4, low frequency energy compensation is carried out according to the requirement of initial frequency, and each sample frequency institute is redistributed according to frequency spectrum
The corresponding time, seek function t (f)；
Step 5, function of time t (f) progress inverse transformation is sought into time-frequency function f (t)；
Step 6, instantaneous phase is sought by carrying out integral to time-frequency function f (t), and then seeks sinusoidal controlled source scanning letter
Number.
2. the controlled source scanning signal design method according to claim 1 based on damping Ricker wavelet, feature exist
In in step 1, improvement Ricker wavelet formula constructs a kind of new wavelet, referred to as damping Ricker wavelet σ (t):
σ (t)=[1-2 (π f0t)2]·exp[-B·(πf0t)2] (1)
In formula: t---- damps Ricker wavelet instantaneous time；
f0----damping Ricker wavelet dominant frequency；
B---- damped coefficient.
3. the controlled source scanning signal design method according to claim 1 based on damping Ricker wavelet, feature exist
In in step 3, according to given damping Ricker wavelet σ by fourier transform, finding out the wavelet spectrum A (f) of scanning signal:
In formula: t---- damps Ricker wavelet instantaneous time；
F---- damps Ricker wavelet instantaneous frequency.
4. the controlled source scanning signal design method according to claim 1 based on damping Ricker wavelet, feature exist
In in step 4, according to the initial frequency given in step 2, in conjunction with controlled source low-frequency vibration ability, progress is targetedly
Energy compensating obtains new frequency spectrum A ' (f):
In formula:
FsThe size of ----controlled source power output；
Fmax----controlled source maximum output power；
F---- scanning signal instantaneous frequency；
Q---- controlled source vibrating hydraulic oil instantaneous flow；
Qmax----maximum hydraulic pressure oil stream amount；
f1----scanning signal initial frequency；
f2----scanning signal terminates frequency；
fk----work as Fs/Fmax=Q/QmaxWhen instantaneous frequency；
A (f) --- the wavelet spectrum of-scanning signal.
And it is carried out again according to the sweep time of each frequency according to its relationship proportional with the amplitude of frequency content requirement
Distribute function of time t (f) corresponding to each sample frequency.
5. the controlled source scanning signal design method according to claim 1 based on damping Ricker wavelet, feature exist
In in steps of 5, curve t (f) when frequency being sought the time-frequency curve f (t) of constant duration by inverse transformation.
6. the controlled source scanning signal design method according to claim 1 based on damping Ricker wavelet, feature exist
In in step 6, seeking the phase of scanning signal according to time-frequency function f (t), export sinusoidal controlled source scanning signal:
In formula:
S (t) ----controlled source scanning signal；
B (t) ----Blacknam slope (Blackman) ramp function；
T---- controlled source scanning signal instantaneous time.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112764090A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-07 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Seismic source nonlinear scanning signal design method based on forced vibration |
| CN114384580A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 同济大学 | Vibroseis-based ideal wavelet customizing method |
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| CN112764090A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-07 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Seismic source nonlinear scanning signal design method based on forced vibration |
| CN112764090B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2024-04-09 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Seismic source nonlinear scanning signal design method based on forced vibration |
| CN114384580A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 同济大学 | Vibroseis-based ideal wavelet customizing method |
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