CN109975874B - Controllable seismic source scanning signal design method based on damping rake wavelets - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for designing a vibroseis scanning signal based on damping Rake wavelets, which comprises the following steps: setting parameters of damping Rake wavelets according to the requirement of the frequency band of the exploration area; setting scanning parameters of start-stop frequency, scanning length and start-stop slope length of scanning signals; obtaining a damping Rake wavelet frequency spectrum; performing low-frequency energy compensation according to the requirement of the initial frequency, and redistributing the time corresponding to each sampling frequency according to the frequency spectrum to obtain a function t (); performing inverse transformation on the time function () to obtain a time-frequency function (); and (4) integrating the time frequency function () to obtain an instantaneous phase, and further obtaining a sine controllable seismic source scanning signal. The vibroseis scanning signal generated by the invention has the characteristics of wide frequency band and good wavelet morphology, and overcomes the problems of poor wavelet morphology, lower energy in low frequency band and high frequency band and narrower excitation single shot frequency band in the prior art, thereby greatly improving the seismic data quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic exploration of controlled sources of oil fields, in particular to a method for designing scanning signals of controlled sources based on damping Rake wavelets.
Background
The controllable seismic source dispersedly transmits energy into the ground within a relatively long time, and then the dispersed long scanning signal energy is concentrated and compressed into short pulses with narrow width by using the related technology, and the controllable seismic source is a set of autocorrelation functions (wavelets) of scanning signals with modified earth reflection and propagation characteristics, and the quality of the autocorrelation wavelets directly influences the quality of data acquired by the controllable seismic source. For a sweep signal, if the lobes decay very slowly, then such lobes of the wavelet associated with the shallow reflection signal in the correlated seismic record will interfere with the deep reflection signal, i.e., the lobes on either side of the central peak of the associated wavelet will act as noise. This noise is an accessory generated by the correlation operation itself, and is therefore called correlated noise. The existence of side lobes, particularly the first side lobe, is undesirable and directly affects the resolution and detection of adjacent formations.
The design method of scanning signals is multiple, the most common linear and nonlinear scanning methods are adopted, wherein the linear signals are most widely applied and easy to realize, the energy of each frequency is uniformly distributed and scanned, and the energy occupied by the unit frequency is the same; the nonlinear scanning signals are mainly provided because the absorption attenuation of the stratum to the seismic waves is not linear, and two types of applications are mainly used, namely exponential function scanning and logarithmic function scanning, and can be used for supplementing low-frequency or high-frequency components, but the linear and nonlinear autocorrelation wavelets used at present have larger side lobes, generate stronger correlated noise and influence the acquisition quality.
In order to reduce the correlation side lobe, scanning methods such as analog frequency conversion scanning, combined scanning, or pseudo random scanning have been studied, but they are not widely used. Zhang hong le analyzes the signal and the characteristic of the wavelet related to the signal to obtain the 'rotating phase, logarithm segmentation' scanning signal which meets the requirement. The 'rotation phase, logarithm segmentation' scanning signal is really obtained through analysis and demonstration and is a scanning signal capable of improving the characteristics of related wavelets, and the scanning signal is in a theoretical analysis stage (Zhang Hongmao compiling, a scanning signal capable of improving the characteristics of the related wavelets) 'rotation phase, logarithm segmentation' scanning signal, geophysical prospecting equipment, 1999.08 (3): 17-20). In order to further verify the advantages of the 'rotating phase, logarithmic segmentation' scanning signals, namely Zhang-Hongmao, the Wangmei carries out a seismic exploration and data acquisition comparison test on the logarithmic segmentation scanning signals and the common linear scanning signals. Test results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic records is obviously improved (Zhang hong le, Wang Mei Sheng, a scanning signal for improving the characteristics of related wavelets, geophysical prospecting equipment, 2006.8 (S1): 33-41). In order to design a 'rotating phase and logarithm segmentation' scanning signal, eastern geophysical prospecting auspicious et al propose a shaping algorithm, the principle of which designs a scanning signal by using the waveform characteristics of Rake wavelets, and the frequency spectrum of the signal and the frequency spectrum of the Rake wavelets are solved through the continuous phase change of the signal in the design process to carry out multiple iterative fitting (Naocheng, Li Xixiangqing, Guohuaki. shaping design method of vibroseis scanning signal. oil geophysical prospecting, 2009.11 (6): 611-614). However, the method adopts the scanning signal frequency spectrum consistent with the Rake wavelet frequency spectrum, the low frequency band and the high frequency band of the scanning signal frequency spectrum are lower in energy, the excitation single shot frequency band is narrower, and the method is not beneficial to high-resolution seismic exploration.
Therefore, a novel method for designing the scanning signal of the controllable seismic source based on the damping rake wavelets is invented, the technical problems are solved, and the sidelobe of the wavelet related to the scanning signal is extremely small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibroseis scanning signal design method based on damping rake wavelets, which has the characteristics of rich low frequency, wide frequency band and small wavelet sidelobe and can greatly improve the quality of seismic data.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the method for designing the vibroseis scanning signal based on the damping rake wavelet comprises the following steps: step 1, setting parameters of damping Rake wavelets according to the requirements of frequency bands of an exploration area; step 2, setting scanning parameters of start-stop frequency, scanning length and start-stop slope length of the scanning signal; step 3, solving a damping Rake wavelet frequency spectrum; step 4, performing low-frequency energy compensation according to the requirement of the initial frequency, redistributing the time corresponding to each sampling frequency according to the frequency spectrum, and solving a function t (f); step 5, inverse transformation is carried out on the time function t (f) to obtain a time frequency function f (t); and 6, integrating the time-frequency functions f (t) to obtain an instantaneous phase, and further obtaining a scanning signal of the sine controllable seismic source.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in step 1, the modified Rake wavelet formula constructs a new wavelet, called damped Rake wavelet σ (t):
σ(t)＝[1-2(πf0t)2]·exp[-B·(πf0t)2](1)
in the formula: t- - -damping rake wavelet instant time;
f0-damping the dominant frequencies of the rake wavelets;
b- -damping coefficient.
In step 3, the wavelet spectrum a (f) of the scanning signal is found by fourier transform from the given damped rake wavelet σ:
in the formula: t- - -damping rake wavelet instant time;
f- -damping the Rake wavelet instantaneous frequency.
In step 4, according to the starting frequency given in step 2, and with the low-frequency vibration capability of the vibroseis, performing targeted energy compensation to obtain a new frequency spectrum a' (f):
in the formula:
Fs-the magnitude of the vibroseis output force;
Fmax-maximum vibroseis output force;
f-scanning the instantaneous frequency of the signal;
q- - -the instantaneous flow of vibroseis vibration hydraulic oil;
Qmax-maximum hydraulic oil flow;
f1-a scanning signal start frequency;
f2-a sweep signal termination frequency;
fkwhen Fs/Fmax＝Q/QmaxInstantaneous frequency of time;
a (f) wavelet spectra of the scanned signals.
And according to the scanning time of each frequency, the time function t (f) corresponding to each sampling frequency is redistributed according to the proportional relation between the scanning time and the amplitude required by the frequency component.
In step 5, inverse transform is performed on the time-frequency curve t (f) to obtain a time-frequency curve f (t) with equal time intervals.
In step 6, the phase of the scanning signal is obtained according to the time-frequency function f (t), and a sine vibroseis scanning signal is output:
in the formula:
s (t) -a vibroseis sweep signal;
b (t) -Blackman ramp (Blackman) function;
t-vibroseis sweep signal instant time.
The design method of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the damping rake wavelets innovatively provides a wavelet with small side lobe and wide frequency band, damps the rake wavelets, establishes the design method flow of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the damping rake wavelets, and solves the problems that the conventional scanning signal has poor wavelet morphology, the energy of scanning signals with 'rotating phase and logarithmic segmentation' in a low frequency band and a high frequency band is low, and the excitation single shot frequency band is narrow, and the designed scanning signal has good related wavelet morphology so as to greatly improve the quality of vibroseis seismic data.
Compared with the conventional linear and nonlinear scanning signals, the scanning signal has the characteristic of abundant low frequency and has extremely small autocorrelation wavelets of relevant side lobes, so that the seismic data excited by the signal has abundant low-frequency energy and signal-to-noise ratio, and the quality of the seismic data of the controllable seismic source is greatly improved.
With the development of the controllable seismic source exploration field, the exploration area extends to more complex ground surface and underground conditions, and the controllable seismic source acquisition technology also evolves to high-precision and high-resolution seismic exploration, so that the quality of a controllable seismic source scanning signal is particularly important, and the controllable seismic source scanning signal has an important influence on the improvement of the seismic exploration effect. From the successful application in certain area of Xinjiang, the design method of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the damping Rake wavelet has good applicability and application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for designing a vibroseis scanning signal based on damped rake wavelets in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a vibroseis sweep signal generated using the present invention in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison plot of time-frequency curves of three exemplary embodiments of linear scan, "rotational phase, log segmented" scan, and damped Rake wavelets in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of the spectral analysis of three exemplary embodiments of the linear scan, "rotated phase, log segmented" scan, and damped Rake wavelets in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a comparison of autocorrelation wavelet analysis for three exemplary scanning signals, linear scanning, "rotational phase, log segmented" scanning, and damped Rake wavelets, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration of a single shot record of an embodiment of Sinkiang with a linear scan of a region in Sinkiang in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a "rotational phase, log segment" scan of a single shot record of an embodiment of the invention in a region of Sinkiang in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a single shot record of an embodiment of a damped Rake wavelet scan in Xinjiang in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a single shot target layer energy analysis of three scanning signals, namely, linear scanning, "rotational phase, log segmented" scanning in a certain area of Xinjiang, and damped Rake wavelets in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of an analysis of signal-to-noise ratio of a single shot layer for three scanning signals, linear scanning, "rotational phase, log segmented" scanning, and damped Rake wavelets, for a certain area of Xinjiang, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below to clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
According to the principle of vibroseis scanning signals, the frequency spectrum of the scanning signal is consistent with the frequency of the self-correlation wavelet, so that the scanning signal can be designed according to the correlation wavelet. The design essence of the scanning signal is the design of a time-frequency curve, and a sinusoidal scanning signal which can be used by the controllable seismic source is calculated according to a nonlinear scanning signal formula.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a structural flow chart of a vibroseis scanning signal design method based on a damped rake wavelet according to the present invention.
In step 101, a new wavelet is constructed by improving the rake wavelet, which is called a damping rake wavelet, and has the characteristics of small side lobe, rich low frequency and wide frequency band. Constructing and setting damping Rake wavelet sigma (t), damping coefficient B and damping Rake wavelet central frequency f according to the requirement of exploration area frequency band0。
σ(t)＝[1-2(πf0t)2]·exp[-B·(πf0t)2](1)
In the formula: t- - -damping rake wavelet instant time;
f0-damping the dominant frequencies of the rake wavelets;
b-damping coefficient;
in one embodiment, the damping coefficient B is 2, the dominant frequency f of the damping Rake wavelet is selected according to the requirement of the scanning frequency and energy of the exploration area 030 Hz. Flow proceeds to step 102.
In step 102, the start-stop frequency f of the scan signal is designed1、f2A scan length T and a start-stop ramp length. In one embodiment, the start-stop frequency is 2-84Hz and the sweep length is 18s, with the start-stop ramp being 1000ms and 300ms, respectively, depending on the sweep frequency and energy requirements of the survey area. The flow proceeds to step 103.
In step 103, wavelet spectrum a (f) of the scanning signal is obtained by fourier transform of wavelet σ in step 101:
flow proceeds to step 104.
In step 104, according to the initial frequency of the sweep parameters in step 102, and in combination with the low-frequency vibration capability of the vibroseis, performing targeted energy compensation to obtain a new sweep signal spectrum a' (f):
in the formula:
Fs-the magnitude of the vibroseis output force;
Fmax-maximum vibroseis output force;
f-scanning the instantaneous frequency of the signal;
q- - -the instantaneous flow of vibroseis vibration hydraulic oil;
Qmax-maximum hydraulic oil flow;
f1-a scanning signal start frequency;
f2-a sweep signal termination frequency;
fkwhen Fs/Fmax＝Q/QmaxInstantaneous frequency of time.
In one embodiment, the vibration parameters for a Nomad65 vibroseis are selected, and the maximum output force F of the vibroseis ismax276 kN; maximum hydraulic oil flow Qmax125 gpm; and according to the scanning time of each frequency, the time function t (f) corresponding to each sampling frequency is redistributed according to the proportional relation between the scanning time and the amplitude required by the frequency component. The flow proceeds to step 105.
In step 105, the instantaneous frequency of the scanning signal is obtained, which is the inverse function f (t) of t (f), and the expression of f (t) is actually solved by the above formula; in one embodiment, the time-frequency relationship is transformed to obtain time-frequency curve data of equal time intervals. Flow proceeds to step 106.
In step 106, the phase of the scanning signal is obtained according to the time-frequency function f (t), and a sine vibroseis scanning signal is output:
in the formula:
s (t) -a vibroseis sweep signal;
b (t) -Blackman ramp (Blackman) function;
in one embodiment, shown in FIG. 2, a vibroseis sweep signal based on a damped Rake wavelet, a start-stop frequency of 2-84Hz, a sweep length of 18s, and a start-stop slope of 1000ms and 300ms, respectively, is derived.
In an embodiment of the invention, the damping coefficient B of the Rake wavelet based on damping is 2 and the dominant frequency f is selected according to the requirements of scanning frequency and energy of a certain exploration area in Xinjiang030Hz, 2-84Hz and 18s scan length, the start and stop slopes are 1000ms and 300ms respectively, the signal design is carried out by applying the invention, the specific implementation steps are shown in figure 1,the generated vibroseis scanning signal is shown in fig. 2, and time-frequency analysis is carried out on three signals of a linear scanning signal, a 'rotation phase, logarithm segmentation' scanning signal and a scanning signal based on damping rake wavelets, as shown in fig. 3; performing a spectral analysis, as shown in fig. 4; autocorrelation wavelet analysis was performed, as shown in FIG. 5, and FIGS. 3-5 show the significant improvement in the autocorrelation sub-morphology of the scan signal produced by the present invention. After the scanning signal generated by the invention is tested to be qualified, the scanning signal is input into a controllable seismic source to carry out operation, as shown in fig. 6-8, the scanning signal is a linear scanning signal (6-84Hz), a 'rotating phase, logarithmic segmentation' scanning signal (6-84Hz) and a seismic single shot 20-40Hz filtering record obtained by scanning based on damping Rake wavelet scanning signals (2-84Hz), and as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the energy and signal-to-noise ratio of a target layer are respectively analyzed on the three single shots generated by the seismic source. Compared with the conventional linear scanning signal, the scanning signal of the invention has smaller side lobe autocorrelation wavelets, and the excited seismic data has higher energy and signal-to-noise ratio, and is improved compared with the conventional signal scanning data.
Claims (5)
1. The method for designing the scanning signal of the controllable seismic source based on the damping Rake wavelets is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, setting parameters of damping Rake wavelets according to the requirements of frequency bands of an exploration area;
step 2, setting scanning parameters of start-stop frequency, scanning length and start-stop slope length of the scanning signal;
step 3, solving a damping Rake wavelet frequency spectrum;
step 4, performing low-frequency energy compensation according to the requirement of the initial frequency, redistributing the time corresponding to each sampling frequency according to the frequency spectrum, and solving a frequency-time function T (f);
step 5, inverse transformation is carried out on the frequency-time function T (f) to obtain a time-frequency function H (t);
step 6, integrating the time-frequency function H (t) to obtain an instantaneous phase, and further obtaining a sine vibroseis scanning signal;
in step 1, the modified Rake wavelet formula constructs a new wavelet, called damped Rake wavelet σ (t):
σ(t)＝[1-2(πf0t)2]·exp[-B·(πf0t)2](1)
in the formula:
t- - -signal instant time;
f0-damping the dominant frequencies of the rake wavelets;
b- -damping coefficient.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the wavelet spectrum a (f) of the sweep signal is obtained by fourier transform from a given damped rake wavelet σ:
in the formula: t- - -signal instant time;
f- -the instantaneous frequency of the signal.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, a new spectrum a' (f) is obtained by performing a targeted energy compensation according to the starting frequency given in step 2 and with the low-frequency vibration capability of the vibroseis:
in the formula:
Fs-the magnitude of the vibroseis output force;
Fmax-maximum vibroseis output force;
f- - -signal instantaneous frequency;
q- - -the instantaneous flow of vibroseis vibration hydraulic oil;
Qmax-maximum hydraulic oil flow;
f1-signal start frequency;
f2-signal termination frequency;
fkwhen Fs/Fmax＝Q/QmaxInstantaneous frequency of the signal;
a (f) wavelet spectrum of the scanned signal;
and according to the scanning time of each frequency, the frequency-time function T (f) corresponding to each sampling frequency is redistributed according to the proportional relation between the scanning time and the amplitude required by the frequency component.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, the time-frequency function t (f) is inverse transformed to obtain the time-frequency function h (t) with equal time intervals.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 6, the phase of the scanning signal is obtained according to the time-frequency function h (t), and the scanning signal of the sinusoidal vibroseis is output:
in the formula: s (t) -a vibroseis sweep signal;
b (t) -Blackman ramp (Blackman) function;
t-signal instant time.
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| US4768174A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1988-08-30 | Chevron Research Company | Method for generating and collecting random vibratory seismic data wherein a pre-specified wavelet of minimum side lobe content is always produced in the final correlations by maintaining domain consistency |
| CN105572723A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-05-11 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Autocorrelation-wavelet-based design method for scanning signal of vibroseis |
| CN107367758A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2017-11-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method for the controlled source weighting correlation for improving signal to noise ratio |
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| US4768174A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1988-08-30 | Chevron Research Company | Method for generating and collecting random vibratory seismic data wherein a pre-specified wavelet of minimum side lobe content is always produced in the final correlations by maintaining domain consistency |
| CN105572723A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-05-11 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Autocorrelation-wavelet-based design method for scanning signal of vibroseis |
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Effective date of registration: 20211231 Address after: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee after: SINOPEC Group Patentee after: SINOPEC OILFIELD SERVICE Corp. Patentee after: SINOPEC PETROLEUM ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: SHENGLI BRANCH OF SINOPEC PETROLEUM ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS Co.,Ltd. Address before: 7 / F, block a, Beichen world center, 8 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 Patentee before: SINOPEC OILFIELD SERVICE Corp. Patentee before: Shengli branch of Sinopec petroleum engineering geophysics Co., Ltd |