CN106324663B - A kind of acquisition methods of quality factor - Google Patents
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- CN106324663B CN106324663B CN201510337485.8A CN201510337485A CN106324663B CN 106324663 B CN106324663 B CN 106324663B CN 201510337485 A CN201510337485 A CN 201510337485A CN 106324663 B CN106324663 B CN 106324663B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of acquisition methods of quality factor, belong to technical field of geological exploration, to solve in the prior art, when direct wave is larger by noise effect, and the unstable technical problem of the quality factor that estimates.The acquisition methods of the quality factor include：The time of the first detector is reached according to direct wave, obtains the wave field that goes directly；According to the through wave field of acquisition, direct wave frequency spectrum is obtained；According to direct wave frequency spectrum, obtain and the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree；Based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, the centroid frequency and variance of direct wave are calculated；According to the centroid frequency and variance of the direct wave being calculated, the quality factor on corresponding stratum is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of geological exploration, specifically, being related to a kind of acquisition methods of quality factor.
Background technology
It is increasingly fine with seismic prospecting, explore the increasingly sophisticated of object, to the high s/n ratio of data, high fidelity,
It is high-resolution require it is higher and higher.Influence of the near surface to seimic wave propagation rule is specified, the energy of deep layer data is improved, has
Pointedly stratum attenuation effect is accordingly compensated, seismic data resolution is improved, can more effectively instruct oil gas etc.
The exploration and development of mineral resources.Attenuation of seismic wave feature caused by viscoelastic medium is usually described with quality factor q.For ground
Shake data carries out the energy compensating based on Q values, can effectively improve deep seismic wave energy.
The factors such as Q values and the structure feature of media interior, permeability, saturation degree, porosity are closely related, and size is main
It is related with porosity, pore compressibility, saturated solution ingredient, the compaction on stratum etc. depending on the elastic property of rock matrix.
Currently, the method that Q value obtains is broadly divided into time-domain and frequency domain two major classes.
Time-domain method mainly has Rise time, amplitude damped method, analytic signal method etc., these methods are due to by wave
The factors such as field scattering, geometrical attenuation are affected, and merely with local message, the Q value precision of estimation are caused to reduce.Frequency domain
Method includes mainly spectrum than method, frequency displacement method etc..Compared with spectrum is than method, frequency displacement method is dry by seismic wave geometrical attenuation, reflection, transmission etc.
The influence for disturbing factor is smaller, calculates and more stablizes, and has higher realizability.
Conventional frequency displacement method is broadly divided into peak value frequency displacement method and centroid frequency shift method.Wherein, peak value frequency displacement method requires source spectrum solution
Analysis it is known that and when only source spectrum form is preferable can just obtain the parsing relationship between peak value frequency displacement method and uptake.Using matter
Heart frequency displacement method carries out Q value estimations, and it is Gauss (Gauss) type that the linear relationship between uptake and frequency shift amount, which is in focus frequency spectrum,
It is derived under supposed premise, when direct wave is larger by noise effect, the Q values estimated using centroid frequency shift method are no longer steady
It is fixed.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of acquisition methods of quality factor, to solve in the prior art, to work as direct wave
When larger by noise effect, the unstable technical problem of the quality factor that estimates.
The invention discloses a kind of acquisition methods of quality factor, including：
The time of the first detector is reached according to direct wave, obtains the wave field that goes directly；
According to the through wave field of acquisition, direct wave frequency spectrum is obtained；
According to direct wave frequency spectrum, obtain and the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree；
Based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, the centroid frequency and variance of direct wave are calculated；
According to the centroid frequency and variance of the direct wave being calculated, the quality factor on corresponding stratum is obtained.
Wherein, according to the through wave field of acquisition, obtaining direct wave frequency spectrum includes：
According to the through wave field of acquisition, spectrum analysis is carried out to direct wave, obtains direct wave frequency spectrum, and determines effectively frequency
Band range.
Wherein, according to direct wave frequency spectrum, acquisition includes with the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree：
According to direct wave frequency spectrum, through wave frequency rate is determined；
According to through wave frequency rate and preset domain of walker, frequency range is determined；
Within the scope of the effective band, a series of Gaussian spectrum that dominant frequency are located in identified frequency range is generated；
It obtains in generated Gaussian spectrum, with the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree.
Wherein, it obtains in generated Gaussian spectrum, includes with the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree：
Set the similarity degree formula of Gaussian spectrum and direct wave frequency spectrum：Wherein, G is
Gaussian spectrum, R are direct wave frequency spectrum, and i is the number of first detector, a, b be respectively effective band range minimum value and
Maximum value, f are the variable within a and b, and K indicates the similarity degree of Gaussian spectrum and direct wave frequency spectrum；
Based on the similarity degree formula, the corresponding Gaussian spectrum of maximum K values is obtained, is determined as similar to direct wave frequency spectrum
The highest Gaussian spectrum of degree.
Wherein, based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, the centroid frequency and variance that calculate direct wave include：
Based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, centroid frequency formula is utilizedCalculate the barycenter of direct wave
Frequency
Centroid frequency based on acquired Gaussian spectrum and direct wave utilizes variance formula
Calculate the variance of direct wave
Wherein, according to the centroid frequency and variance of the direct wave being calculated, before the quality factor for obtaining corresponding stratum,
Further include：
It calculates below first detector and second detector adjacent with first detector is corresponding straight
Up to the centroid frequency of wave
Wherein, according to the centroid frequency and variance of the direct wave being calculated, the quality factor on corresponding stratum is obtained
Including：
According to the centroid frequency for the corresponding direct wave of first detector being calculatedAnd varianceDescribed
The centroid frequency of the corresponding direct wave of two detectorsIt obtains between first detector and second detector
Stratum quality factor qj, wherein j is the number on stratum.
Wherein, according to the centroid frequency for the corresponding direct wave of first detector being calculatedAnd variance
The centroid frequency of the corresponding direct wave of second detectorIt obtains positioned at first detector and second detection
The quality factor q on the stratum between devicejIncluding：
According to quality factor formulaIt calculates between first detector and second detector
Stratum quality factor qj, Δ t indicates that corresponding direct wave reaches first detector and second detector
Time difference.
Present invention offers following advantageous effects：An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of acquisition methods of quality factor, originally
In method, Gaussian spectrum similar with direct wave is obtained according to direct wave, and direct wave and Gaussian spectrum is combined to obtain quality factor.Base
It is more stable in the quality factor that this method obtains, it is also more acurrate, even if direct wave can be compared if larger by noise effect
Accurate quality factor.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description, also, partly becomes from specification
It obtains it is clear that understand through the implementation of the invention.The purpose of the present invention and other advantages can be by specification, rights
Specifically noted structure is realized and is obtained in claim and attached drawing.
Description of the drawings
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing does simple introduction：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart one of the acquisition methods of the quality factor in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flowchart 2 of the acquisition methods of the quality factor in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the muting simulation earthquake schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the quality factor schematic diagram got based on Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the simulation earthquake schematic diagram of 5% noise in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the quality factor schematic diagram one got based on Fig. 5；
Fig. 7 is the quality factor schematic diagram two got based on Fig. 5；
Fig. 8 is the simulation earthquake schematic diagram of 10% noise in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the quality factor schematic diagram one got based on Fig. 8；
Figure 10 is the quality factor schematic diagram two got based on Fig. 8.
Specific implementation mode
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, how to be applied to the present invention whereby
Technological means solves technical problem, and the realization process for reaching technique effect can fully understand and implement.It needs to illustrate
As long as not constituting conflict, each embodiment in the present invention and each feature in each embodiment can be combined with each other,
It is formed by technical solution within protection scope of the present invention.
Section (Vertical Seismic Profiling, abbreviation VSP) technology is and conventional ground earthquake perpendicular to the ground
Observation technology is corresponding, a kind of new seismological observation method.The advantage of VSP is：Upper and lower traveling wave can be recorded simultaneously
Wave field information；The relevant wave action and random noise that earth's surface weathering zone can be weakened influence, the signal-to-noise ratio of data and resolution ratio compared with
Common ground earthquake is much higher；It can more directly observe the seismic wave wavelet waveforms of stratum media reflection, the fortune of wave
Dynamic and dynamic characteristic are more apparent；It can be more prone to and truly acquisition speed parameter, amplitude information, rock parameter
Deng.The underground medium structure that ground survey parameter is reflected with it can be linked to each other by VSP technologies, can be conventional
The processing of surface seismic exploration data provides more accurately rate pattern and time and depth transfer relationship.
With the further further investigation and application of geological prospecting, application of the VSP data in terms of lithology exploration is increasingly
By the attention of Geophysicist.The kinematics of a variety of seismic waves can be directly acquired and move by being not only because VSP explorations
Mechanics parameter, and people can study these seismic wave information and understand these in conjunction with drilling well and log data in the actual environment
Geophysical response characteristic of the information in hydrocarbon-bearing formation.VSP data records simultaneously direct wave and reflected wave information.
The invention discloses a kind of acquisition methods of quality factor, this method is based on the reality of the direct wave in VSP data
Existing.In the embodiment of the present invention, specifically illustrated by taking zero bias VSP data as an example.Zero bias VSP data be it is accurate obtain quality because
Son provides reliable theoretical foundation and data basis.Zero bias VSP is excited below earth's surface rarefied zone, is received in underground deep straight
Up to wave and back wave, absorption of the earth's surface weathering zone to seismic signal radio-frequency component is avoided completely, makes to receive seismic signal
High-frequency information is more rich, and noise is relatively high, and the kinematics character (time-distance equation, interval velocity etc.) and dynamic characteristic of wave
(amplitude, frequency, phase, waveform etc.) variation becomes apparent from, and has a clear superiority in all various aspects such as Seismic wave attenuation researchs.
As shown in Figure 1, method disclosed by the invention includes：
Step S101, the time of the first detector is reached according to direct wave, obtains the wave field that goes directly.
The seismic wave for being propagate directly to observation point by focus in uniform stratum is known as direct wave.Obtain direct wave arrival
After the time of first detector, you can obtain the through wave field at this moment.
Step S102, according to the through wave field of acquisition, direct wave frequency spectrum is obtained.
After obtaining direct wave wavelength, spectrum analysis can be carried out to direct wave according to the through wave field of acquisition, obtained straight
It is composed up to wave frequency, and determines effective band range.Wherein, the frequency band that the needs of the effective band ranging from engineering staff's setting are studied
Range.
Step S103, it according to direct wave frequency spectrum, obtains and the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, step S103 includes following sub-step：
Sub-step S1031, according to direct wave frequency spectrum, determine through wave frequency rate.
Analyze direct wave frequency spectrum, it may be determined that through wave frequency rate is called dominant frequency.
Sub-step S1032, the through wave frequency rate of basis and preset domain of walker, determine frequency range.
In order to obtain with the higher Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree, in the embodiment of the present invention, not only obtain master
The frequency Gaussian spectrum equal with through wave frequency rate also obtains dominant frequency and is located at a certain range of Gaussian spectrum near through wave frequency rate.Cause
This, in the embodiment of the present invention, a presetting domain of walker, this domain of walker combines wave frequency rate of going directly, obtained frequency range
As need the range of acquisition Gaussian spectrum.For example, through wave frequency rate is 25Hz, preset domain of walker is ± 5Hz, then determines
Frequency range be 20 to 30Hz.
Specifically, the numerical value of the domain of walker can be determined according to the actual needs of engineering staff, generally ± 5Hz to ±
10Hz.
Sub-step S1033, within the scope of effective band, generate a series of height that dominant frequency are located in identified frequency range
This spectrum.
By taking identified frequency range is 20 to 30Hz as an example, for the frequency range, produce dominant frequency be 20Hz,
21Hz ..., 30Hz amount to 11 Gaussian spectrums, and intercept in this 11 Gaussian spectrums be located at effective band within the scope of part.
Sub-step S1034, it obtains in generated Gaussian spectrum, with the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree.
Specifically, obtaining and the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave Spectrum Fitting degree.In order to obtain the Gaussian spectrum, in this hair
In bright embodiment, the similarity degree formula of Gaussian spectrum and direct wave frequency spectrum is set first：
In formula, G is Gaussian spectrum, and R is direct wave frequency spectrum, and i is the number of the first detector, and a, b are respectively the minimum of effective band range
Value and maximum value, f are the variable within a and b, and K indicates the similarity degree of Gaussian spectrum and direct wave frequency spectrum.All by each Gaussian spectrum
After substituting into similarity degree formula, the similarity degree of each Gaussian spectrum and direct wave frequency spectrum is can get, maximum K values pair are finally obtained
The Gaussian spectrum answered is determined as and the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree.
Step S104, based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, the centroid frequency and variance of direct wave are calculated.
First, based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, centroid frequency formula is utilizedCalculate direct wave
Centroid frequency
Then, the centroid frequency based on acquired Gaussian spectrum and direct wave utilizes variance formula
Calculate the variance of direct wave
For other detectors, aforementioned four step is repeated, the matter of the corresponding direct wave of each detector is calculated
Frequency of heart and variance.
Step S105, according to the centroid frequency and variance of the direct wave being calculated, the quality factor on corresponding stratum is obtained.
According to the centroid frequency for the corresponding direct wave of the first detector being calculatedAnd varianceSecond detector
The centroid frequency of corresponding direct waveObtain the quality factor on the stratum between the first detector and the second detector
Qj, wherein j is the number on stratum, and the second detector is located at below the first detector and adjacent with the first detector.
I.e. according to quality factor formulaCalculate the stratum between the first detector and the second detector
Quality factor qj, Δ t indicates that corresponding direct wave reaches the time difference of the first detector and the second detector.
Step S105 is carried out to each two adjacent detector, you can obtain the quality factor on each stratum.
In order to the feasibility for verifying the method disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention for obtaining quality factor and the quality that gets because
The precision of son uses one six layers of the only muting theoretical model of down going wave to be tested below.The stratum of theoretical model
Parameter see the table below 1.
Table 1
For above-mentioned theory model, muting simulation earthquake shown in Fig. 3 is manufactured.Fig. 4 is using conventional centroid frequency shift
The comparison for the quality factor that method and method provided by the invention are got, solid line is the product that conventional centroid frequency shift method obtains in Fig. 4
Prime factor, the line of zone circle are the quality factors that method provided by the invention obtains.As can be seen that method provided by the invention is in nothing
It is suitable with the conventional centroid frequency shift method acquisition effect of quality factor in the theoretical model of noise, it can accurately be finally inversed by Q values.
In order to verify stability of the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention in Noise, per pass in Fig. 3 is simulated now
Random noise is added in earthquake, and random noise maximum occurrences are the 5% of recorded trace maximum value, such as Fig. 5.Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are to use respectively
The Q values that conventional centroid frequency shift method and method provided by the invention obtain, wherein the product of the equal representation theory of solid line in Fig. 6, Fig. 7
The line of prime factor, the zone circle in Fig. 6 indicates the quality factor that conventional centroid frequency shift method obtains, and the line of the zone circle in Fig. 7 is this hair
The quality factor that the method for bright offer obtains.
Comparison diagram 6 and Fig. 7 can be seen that, middle-shallow layer (<800m) in addition to individual depth points, the knot that is finally inversed by using two methods
The true quality factor variation in fruit base instinct reflection stratum.But deep layer (>800m) improved centroid frequency shift method inversion result phase
It is smaller to error.
When noise energy is added to 10%, the seismic channel simulated is as shown in Figure 8.(solid line is the product of theory as shown in Figure 9
Prime factor, the line of zone circle are the quality factors that conventional centroid frequency shift method obtains), in addition to shallow-layer (<300m), conventional centroid frequency shift method
It cannot be finally inversed by ground interval quality factors very well, mid-deep strata inversion error value is big, and inversion result is unreliable.As shown in Figure 10
(solid line is the quality factor of theory, and the line of zone circle is the quality factor that method provided by the invention obtains), using in the present invention
The method of offer carries out Q value estimations, and whole inverting results contrast is ideal, and result of calculation is better than conventional centroid frequency shift method, has one
Fixed reference significance.
To sum up, it an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of acquisition methods of quality factor, in this method, is obtained according to direct wave
Gaussian spectrum similar with direct wave, and direct wave and Gaussian spectrum is combined to obtain quality factor.Based on this method obtain quality because
Son is more stable, also more acurrate, even if direct wave can obtain more accurately quality factor if larger by noise effect.
While it is disclosed that embodiment content as above but described only to facilitate understanding the present invention and adopting
Embodiment is not limited to the present invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains are not departing from this
Under the premise of the disclosed spirit and scope of invention, any modification and change can be made in the implementing form and in details,
But the scope of patent protection of the present invention, still should be subject to the scope of the claims as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of acquisition methods of quality factor, which is characterized in that including：
The time of the first detector is reached according to direct wave, obtains the wave field that goes directly；
According to the through wave field of acquisition, spectrum analysis is carried out to direct wave, obtains direct wave frequency spectrum, and determine effective band model
It encloses；
According to direct wave frequency spectrum, obtain and the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree；
Based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, the centroid frequency and variance of direct wave are calculated；
According to the centroid frequency and variance of the direct wave being calculated, the quality factor on corresponding stratum is obtained；
Wherein, according to direct wave frequency spectrum, acquisition includes with the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree：
According to direct wave frequency spectrum, through wave frequency rate is determined；
According to through wave frequency rate and preset domain of walker, frequency range is determined；
Within the scope of the effective band, a series of Gaussian spectrum that dominant frequency are located in identified frequency range is generated；
It obtains in generated Gaussian spectrum, with the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree；
Wherein, it obtains in generated Gaussian spectrum, includes with the highest Gaussian spectrum of direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree：
Set the similarity degree formula of Gaussian spectrum and direct wave frequency spectrum：Wherein, G is Gauss
Spectrum, R are direct wave frequency spectrum, and i is the number of first detector, and a, b are respectively the minimum value and maximum of effective band range
Value, f are the variable within a and b, and K indicates the similarity degree of Gaussian spectrum and direct wave frequency spectrum；
Based on the similarity degree formula, the corresponding Gaussian spectrum of maximum K values is obtained, is determined as and direct wave frequency spectrum similarity degree
Highest Gaussian spectrum.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, the barycenter of direct wave is calculated
Frequency and variance include：
Based on acquired Gaussian spectrum, centroid frequency formula is utilizedCalculate the centroid frequency of direct wave
Centroid frequency based on acquired Gaussian spectrum and direct waveUtilize variance formulaMeter
Calculate the variance of direct wave
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, according to the centroid frequency for the direct wave being calculated and side
Difference before the quality factor for obtaining corresponding stratum, further includes：
It calculates and is located at below first detector and the corresponding direct wave of adjacent with first detector the second detector
Centroid frequency
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, according to the centroid frequency for the direct wave being calculated and
Variance, the quality factor for obtaining corresponding stratum include：
According to the centroid frequency for the corresponding direct wave of first detector being calculatedAnd varianceSecond detection
The centroid frequency of the corresponding direct wave of deviceObtain the stratum between first detector and second detector
Quality factor qj, wherein j is the number on stratum.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, corresponding straight according to first detector being calculated
Up to the centroid frequency of waveAnd varianceThe centroid frequency of the corresponding direct wave of second detectorIt obtains and is located at institute
State the quality factor q on the stratum between the first detector and second detectorjIncluding：
According to quality factor formulaCalculate the ground between first detector and second detector
The quality factor q of layerj, Δ t indicate corresponding direct wave reach first detector and second detector when
Between it is poor.
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| CN107272062B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of Q estimation methods of underground medium of data-driven |
| CN108318920B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-10-11 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method and apparatus of determining earthquake attribute volume |
| CN112099083B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2023-10-13 | 中化地质矿山总局地质研究院 | Quality factor estimation method and system based on bispectrum spectrum comparison |
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