CN109974521A - A kind of shooting calibration conversion ruler - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of shootings to calibrate conversion ruler comprising has: cutting ferrule, the cutting ferrule are equipped with the first reading part and the second reading part；Vernier, the vernier is equipped with third reading part and the 4th reading part, when the vernier is connected on the cutting ferrule, the third reading part is corresponding with the first reading part for reading target distance parameter, while the 4th reading part is corresponding with the second reading part for reading shooting pitch angle parameter.Conversion ruler is calibrated in shooting according to the present invention, and sniper can be allowed quickly to determine target battle-sight range.On the other hand, conversion ruler is calibrated in shooting according to the present invention, can allow sniper exist shoot pitch angle when quickly calibrated ballistic trajectory.

Description

Shooting calibration conversion ruler

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of firearm auxiliary equipment, and particularly relates to a shooting calibration conversion ruler.

Background

In recent years, due to the rapid progress of light weapon firearms in China, the precision of domestic sniping rifles is continuously improved, a lot of high-precision sniping rifles such as CS/LR4, CS/LR3 and 141 high-precision snipers are developed, and the requirement on the sniping precision in actual combat and match is continuously improved. In order to improve the shooting precision, the general track of the bullet during flying is searched out by depending on a large amount of actual combat training, so that a sniper can search for experience and remember the relevant parameter settings.

At present, the shooting precision is improved by depending on the experience of a sniper trained and cultured in actual combat, and the following defects mainly exist: 1. the cost for cultivating a qualified sniper is very high, on one hand, the sniper is difficult to remember and needs to undergo a large amount of long-time shooting training due to different adjustment modes of various parameters (such as density and the like) in different environments; on the other hand, the acquisition of the experience of the sniper is not transitive, and the new sniper is cultured each time to get through the old road again; 2. under actual combat environments such as anti-terrorism, security, military and martial arts and the like, the young snipers are easy to generate psychological fluctuation, so that the phenomenon of mistyping or even forgetting parameters occurs occasionally; 3. the way of adjusting the parameters empirically lacks sufficient theoretical support and is too thin in theoretical terms.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to solve or at least alleviate problems in the prior art.

In accordance with some features, the present invention is directed to a shooting calibration conversion ruler that visualizes shooting experience and theoretical knowledge.

According to some features, the invention is aimed at enabling a marksman to quickly determine a target distance.

According to some features, the invention also aims to allow the marksman to quickly calibrate the trajectory in the presence of the shooting pitch angle.

According to some aspects, there is provided a shooting calibration conversion ruler, comprising:

the card sleeve is provided with a first reading part and a second reading part;

the vernier is provided with a third reading part and a fourth reading part, when the vernier is clamped on the clamping sleeve, the third reading part and the first reading part are correspondingly used for reading the target distance parameter, and meanwhile, the fourth reading part and the second reading part are relatively applied to reading the shooting pitching angle parameter.

Optionally, in the shooting calibration conversion ruler, the cutting sleeve and the vernier are both in a rectangular structure.

Optionally, in the shooting calibration conversion ruler, the first reading unit and the second reading unit are both rectangular structures arranged along the extending direction of the ferrule, and the third reading unit and the fourth reading unit are both rectangular structures arranged along the extending direction of the cursor.

Alternatively, in the shooting calibration conversion scale, when the vernier is clamped on the sleeve, the third reading unit is located inside the first reading unit, and the fourth reading unit is located inside the second reading unit.

Optionally, in the shooting calibration conversion ruler, a first dense scale line and a pitch angle line are arranged outside the two long sides of the first reading portion, an indication arrow is further arranged at the start of the pitch angle line, and a second dense scale line and an angular scale line are arranged outside the two long sides of the second reading portion.

Optionally, in the shooting calibration conversion ruler, a first size scale mark and a target distance scale mark are arranged on the inner sides of the two long sides of the third reading part, and a second size scale mark is symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the two long sides of the fourth reading part.

Alternatively, in the shooting calibration conversion scale described above, the first reading section, the second reading section, and the ferrule are integrally formed, and the third reading section, the fourth reading section, and the cursor are integrally formed.

Optionally, in the shooting calibration conversion scale described above, the first reading section and the second reading section are both flush with the ferrule surface, and the third reading section and the fourth reading section are both flush with the cursor surface.

Alternatively, in the shooting calibration conversion scale described above, the first reading section, the second reading section, the third reading section, and the fourth reading section are each made of a fluorescent material.

Optionally, in the shooting calibration conversion ruler, the first dense scale line is 1.0 to 10.0mils, the pitch angle line is 0 to 60 °, the second dense scale line is 0.30 to 4.5mils, the angle division scale line is 1.0 to 15, the first size scale line is 10 to 600cm, the target distance scale line is 90 to 2000m, and the second size scale line is 4.5 to 250 cm.

According to the shooting calibration conversion ruler, a sniper can quickly determine the pitch angle of the sniping gun during shooting.

On the other hand, according to the shooting calibration conversion ruler, a marksman can quickly calibrate the trajectory track when a shooting pitch angle exists.

Drawings

The disclosure of the present invention will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. As is readily understood by those skilled in the art: these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the drawings, like numerals are used to indicate like parts, and in which:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the ferrule;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the cursor structure;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional structural view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a scope;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the ranging principle;

figure 7 shows a schematic view of the principle of calibration bullet drop;

FIG. 8 shows schematic diagrams of bullet trajectories for different modeling modes in the presence of elevation;

FIG. 9 is a table showing the correspondence between the target distance and the actual size of the target;

FIG. 10 is a table showing the correspondence between the bullet drop height and the number of density bits;

fig. 11 shows a table of pitch angle versus calibration distance;

figure 12 shows a schematic view of the flight trajectory of a bullet with/without taking into account air resistance;

figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the bullet trajectory when fired in elevation;

figure 14 shows a schematic view of a bullet trajectory as approximately a straight line when fired in elevation;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a reduced scale versus actual distance;

fig. 16 shows a diagram of the post-ejection speed of the sub ejection chamber.

Detailed Description

It is easily understood that according to the technical solution of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can propose various alternative structural modes and implementation modes without changing the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as all of the present invention or as limitations or limitations on the technical aspects of the present invention.

The terms of orientation of up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, and the like referred to or may be referred to in this specification are defined relative to the configuration shown in the drawings, and are relative terms, and thus may be changed correspondingly according to the position and the use state of the device. Therefore, these and other directional terms should not be construed as limiting.

Referring to fig. 1-4, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a shooting calibration conversion ruler according to an embodiment of the present invention, it can be seen that the shooting calibration conversion ruler includes a ferrule 1 and a vernier 2.

The card sleeve 1 is of a rectangular structure, a first reading part 3 and a second reading part 4 are arranged on the upper surface of the card sleeve 1 in parallel, the first reading part 3 and the second reading part 4 are both of rectangular structures arranged along the extending direction of the card sleeve 1, a first dense scale mark 7 in the range of 1.0-10.0mils is arranged on the outer side of the left side of the first reading part 3, a pitch angle line 8 in the range of 0-60 degrees is arranged on the outer side of the right side of the first reading part 3, an indication arrow 9 is further arranged at the starting line of the pitch angle line 8, an angular scale mark 10 in the range of 1.0-15 is arranged on the outer side of the left side of the second reading part 4, and a second dense scale mark 11 in the range of 0.30-4.5mils is arranged on the outer side of the right side of the second reading part 4.

As can also be seen from fig. 1, the cursor 2 is also of a rectangular structure, and the cursor 2 is inserted into the cavity of the ferrule 1 and is clamped with the ferrule 1, the cursor 2 can move in the cavity of the ferrule 1 along the extending direction of the ferrule 1, and the upper surface of the cursor 2 is provided with a third reading part 5 and a fourth reading part 6. A first size scale line 12 with a range of 10-600cm is arranged on the inner side of the left side of the third reading part 5, a target distance scale line 13 with a range of 90-2000m is arranged on the inner side of the right side of the third reading part 5, and a second size scale line 14 with a range of 4.5-250cm is symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the left side and the right side of the fourth reading part 6.

As the maximum target size in the sighting telescope can reach about 6m (a small truck), the maximum 10 density positions are generally used for distance measurement in shooting, and the maximum effective range of a sniper rifle bullet can reach 2000m, the range of the target size in the calculating ruler is 10-600cm, the range of the density positions is 0.5-10mils, and the range of the distance measurement is 90-1000m (the target within 90m does not need to be calibrated by using a calculating ruler).

In some embodiments, the first reading portion 3, the second reading portion 4 and the ferrule 1 are integrally formed, the third reading portion 5, the fourth reading portion 6 and the cursor 2 are integrally formed, and the first reading portion 3 and the second reading portion 4 are flush with the surface of the ferrule 1, and the third reading portion 5 and the fourth reading portion 6 are flush with the surface of the cursor 2, so that the overall structure is more concise and attractive.

In some embodiments, the first reading portion 3, the second reading portion 4, the third reading portion 5, and the fourth reading portion 6 are made of fluorescent materials, so that data can be quickly read at night or in other battle environments with poor visibility.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the sighting telescope, wherein 10 dense bits are equidistantly arranged on a cross partition, and the target dense bit value can be directly read from the sighting telescope according to the occupied dense bit space of the length or width of the target.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distance measurement principle, and it can be seen that when the target is viewed from the scope, since the triangle on the right side is actually very small and can be ignored compared to the large triangle on the left side, the recent distance of the target is considered instead of the actual distance of the target. Therefore, from FIG. 6, the formula can be derived:

（1）

where H represents the actual height of the target, D represents the estimated target distance, and angle represents the number of bits, i.e., the angle, occupied by the target in the scope. For the data presented in fig. 6, we can estimate that the target distance is about 490 m. Similarly, due to the symmetry of the sphere, for an object in the horizontal direction, its distance can also be estimated by the number of dense bits it occupies in the scope. Fig. 9 shows a table of correspondence between the target distance and the actual size of the target.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of calibrating the falling of the bullet, and since the bullet is subjected to gravity during the process of the out-of-chamber flight and finally falls to a certain extent when reaching the target, the falling of the bullet needs to be calibrated. As shown in FIG. 7, after the target distance is known, the correspondence between the bullet drop height and the density at the target position can be calculated fromWhen the angle is very small and the radius of the circle is very large, it can be approximately considered that the bullet drop height is equal to the arc length, then:（2）

wherein H represents the falling height of the bullet, L represents the arc length corresponding to the falling height, and angle needs the density number for calibration. Generally, under the condition of knowing the target distance, the bullet falling heights of different firearms can be obtained by looking up a table, and only the corresponding secret digit number calibration needs to be calculated during calibration. The correspondence between the bullet drop height and the number of density bits can be obtained as shown in fig. 10.

In general, the sighting telescope is in a horizontal state when shooting, but in some special cases (for example, when aiming at an upper target or a lower target), a certain pitch angle exists in the sighting telescope, and at this time, the error of the pitch angle needs to be calibrated. When shooting at a pitch angle, we can approximately consider the movement of the bullet as a slant throw movement, and the trajectory equation of the bullet can be derived by respectively assuming that the bullet does not receive air resistance and the air resistance of the bullet is proportional to the first power of the current velocity as follows:

1. irrespective of air resistance

Suppose the displacement vector of a bullet isThe gravitational acceleration to which the bullet is subjected during flight isThen, according to newton's second law, the trajectory equation of the bullet during the oblique projectile motion satisfies the following formula:

（3）

decomposing equation (3) in the form of a vector into directions along the x-axis and the y-axis yields:

（4）

as shown in FIG. 16, assume that the initial rate of the sub-ejection chamber isThe angle between the initial velocity of the bullet and the horizontal direction isAnd the component of the bullet speed on the x and y axes at the moment t satisfies the following equation system:

（5）

the displacement of the bullet in the x and y directions at time t can be found as:

（6）

removing t from (5) to obtain:

（7）

2. air resistance is proportional to the current velocity first power

Suppose the displacement vector of a bullet isThe gravitational acceleration to which the bullet is subjected during flight isThe trajectory of the bullet then satisfies the following equation:

（8）

whereinRepresenting the air resistance to which the bullet is subjected at time t,is opposite to the velocity direction at the moment t, and is proportional to the velocity at the moment t, and the initial velocity of the sub-ejection chamber is also assumed to beThe angle between the initial velocity of the bullet and the horizontal direction isAnd (3) the orthogonal decomposition formula of the formula (8) in the rectangular coordinate system is as follows:

（9）

solving the system of differential equations can obtain:

（10）

the displacement in the x, y direction versus time t is:

（11）

the trajectory equation of the bullet obtained after eliminating t from equation (11) is:

（12）

assuming that the bullet weight is 10g, the gravitational acceleration is 10m/s, the discharge velocity of the bullet is 700m/s, the elevation angle is 0.5 degrees (about 8 mil), and the coefficient k of air resistance is 0.001, the trajectory of the bullet can be simulated in matlab software as shown in fig. 12.

Wherein the straight line a is the extension line of the direction of the bullet ejecting chamber, the line b shows the condition of not considering the air resistance, and the line c shows the condition of considering the air resistance in direct proportion to the current velocity first power, it can be seen that under the current condition, the farthest flying distance (the lines b and c) of the bullet is about 800m-900m, which is consistent with the experience of daily shooting, and the above adopted mode of modeling the trajectory of the bullet is effective.

From actual shooting experience, it is known that when there is a pitch angle (either elevation or pitch angle), the final drop point of the bullet is higher if the bullet is aligned horizontally. Since the cases of elevation and depression are similar, for convenience only the presence of the elevation case is considered (the depression case is similarly derivable), and a schematic drawing of elevation shots is shown in fig. 13. Where line a represents the flight trajectory of the bullet as calibrated horizontally and line b represents the flight trajectory of the bullet after calibration in view of the pitch angle. It can be seen that if there is an elevation angle for shooting and calibration is still performed according to the horizontal, the bullet drop point will be higher than the target position finally, and for further quantitative analysis, the bullet trajectory equation analyzed above is used to obtain quantitative description of the above situation.

Assume a target distance ofElevation angle degree ofAcceleration of gravity ofThe velocity of the bullet being at the discharge of the cartridgeThen the following can be discussed in both cases, considering and not considering air resistance:

(1) irrespective of air resistance

When the gun barrel shoots along the horizontal direction, the falling height of the bullet is as follows:

（13）

the corresponding angles to be calibrated are:

（14）

aligned horizontally with the cartridges atThe height of the place is:

（15）

(2) taking into account air resistance

When the gun barrel shoots along the horizontal direction, the falling height of the bullet is as follows:

（16）

the corresponding angles to be calibrated are:

（17）

aligned horizontally with the cartridges atThe height of the place is:

（18）

for more intuitive analysis, the bullet after final horizontal calibration is carried in specific dataThe height of (c). As shown in fig. 13, let the target distance be 300m, the elevation angle degree be 30 °, the gravitational acceleration be 9.8m/s, the bore velocity of the bullet be 700m/s, and the coefficient k of air resistance be 0.001.

It can be obtained that the cartridges are aligned in the horizontal direction without taking into account the air resistanceThe height of the place is:

the height is, taking into account the air resistance

It can be seen that the result obtained when the air resistance is considered is contrary to the experience (less than the target height 150m), so the case where the air resistance is not considered is adopted.

From the above, the final drop point of the bullet is higher when there is an elevation angle, so it is considered that the degree of the alignment of the barrel in the vertical upward direction should be reduced when there is an elevation angle, i.e., the target distance can be shortened for the alignment.

For determining the shortened distance of the targetCan be combined withAnd substituting the equations in the calibration process, and solving the finally simultaneous equation set to obtain a result. Bringing inThe following equations (13), (14), (15) can be obtained:

（19）

due to the above equationThe obtained expression is too complex, which is not beneficial to practical application. For simplicity, the trajectory of the bullet can be considered approximately as a straight line (again without taking into account the air drag effect) due to the faster bullet velocity and shorter flight time, as shown in fig. 14, the dashed line with arrows indicates the case of calibration according to the horizontal, and the solid line with arrows indicates the case of calibration according to the pitch angle. The bullet is subjected to a component of gravitational acceleration in the vertical direction along the flight path when fired in the presence of an elevation angleInfluence of a distance ofThe effect of the effect is influenced by the acceleration of gravityInfluence, influence distanceIs composed ofThe same is true. Therefore, the distance after shortening the target distance can be approximated:

（20）

to further verify the correctness and validity of the simplification, the real data is brought into the above formula, and the obtained result is drawn by using matlab software, resulting in fig. 8.

Let the target distance be 300m, the elevation angle degree be 30 °, the gravitational acceleration be 9.8m/s, the weight of the bullet be 10g, the ejection speed of the bullet be 700m/s, and the coefficient k of air resistance be 0.001. Wherein line c represents a straight line connecting the shot point to the target, line a represents the bullet flight trajectory at the time of horizontal calibration, and line b represents the calibrated distanceThe flight path of the bullet, the lines a and b, are all the cases without considering the air resistance, and the line d represents the flight path of the bullet which is horizontally aligned when considering the air resistance.

As can be seen from fig. 8:

the flight path of the bullet is successfully simulated by adopting the modeling mode. Wherein, the modeling mode without considering the air resistance influence is most accurate for simulating the bullet track.

Taking the calibration distance when there is a pitch angleIs an effective way to calibrate all errors, but is a desirable way to have simple lines and ease of operation in actual combat. According to the above demonstration, a table of the correspondence between the pitch angle and the calibration distance can be obtained as shown in fig. 11.

The product design idea is as follows:

according to the basic fact that the more the target distance is, the more the acceptable error is, the basic idea of designing the conversion ruler is as follows: when the distance is close, the distance between adjacent equal difference scales is large, and the conversion is relatively accurate; when the distance is long, the distance between adjacent equal difference scales is small, and the conversion is relatively rough. In order to embody the basic design idea, a logarithmic function is introduced, namely the scale distance of adjacent equal differences decreases logarithmically with the increase of scale values. Reference may be made specifically to fig. 15:

assuming that the distance between the scales 100m and 200m on the target distance scale line of the third reading part of the conversion ruler vernier is 7.644-6.644=1cm and the distance between the scales 700m and 800m is 9.644-9.451=0.193cm, it can be seen that the scale interval of the equal difference decreases logarithmically as the scale value increases.

Since the logarithmic function is of the form:

(21)

wherein,Nrepresenting a scaling factor, which can be scaled according to the size of the final conversion scale, the key to design is to determine. According to the practical application scene, when the target distance scale of the third reading part of the cursor isAnd the pitch angle isThen (c) is performed. To ensure that no matter how the cursor moves, there areThe distance scale corresponding to the scale mark isThat is, the equation (22) is required to be satisfied.

(22)

Is easily known as formula (21) inWhat value is taken) All are true, for convenience, takeThe value of the sum of the values is 2,Nif the value of (1) is less than the predetermined value, the target distance scale of the cursor third reading partAnd positionThe relationship satisfies the following formula:

(23)

in order to ensure that the vernier can correspond to an accurate numerical value no matter how the vernier moves, the scales of the ruler sleeve and the rest part of the vernier also meet the relation of a formula (23). When the positions of the vernier and each part of the ruler sleeve are fixed, the positions are determined by using the corresponding relations in the tables of fig. 9, 10 and 11, and the finally obtained design drawing of the conversion ruler is shown in fig. 1.

When in use:

1. object distance determination

Firstly, directly reading a target secret position value from a sighting telescope, marking a first secret position scale mark, then inserting a vernier into a sleeve, sliding the vernier according to a target size value obtained by information in advance, so that the first size scale mark where the target size is located is superposed with the mark on the first secret position scale mark, and at the moment, the target distance scale mark value indicated by an indication arrow is the direct distance of the target.

2. Pitch angle calibration

When a certain pitch angle exists during shooting, the trajectory of the bullet deviates, and at this time, the pitch angle needs to be calibrated in order to ensure the shooting accuracy. Firstly, determining a target distance at an indication arrow by sliding a cursor according to a secret bit value and a target size of a target in a sighting telescope; then, a target distance scale line (namely a direct distance) corresponding to a pitching angle (the pitching angle is a parameter which is known by a sniper when shooting) is found on the pitching angle line below the indication arrow, and after the target direct distance is determined, the sniper can determine a trajectory correction parameter (which is a necessary basic skill of the sniper) according to the direct distance, so that accurate striking is realized.

In addition, when the target distance is determined, the combination of the second reading part and the fourth reading part displays the corresponding relation between the angle (angle division and secret position) and the length, and a shooter can conveniently adjust parameters on the sighting telescope.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A shooting calibration conversion ruler is characterized by comprising:

the card sleeve is provided with a first reading part and a second reading part;

the vernier is provided with a third reading part and a fourth reading part, when the vernier is clamped on the clamping sleeve, the third reading part is correspondingly used for reading a target distance parameter with the first reading part, and meanwhile, the fourth reading part and the second reading part are relatively applied to reading the corresponding relation between the angle and the length of a certain target distance, so that the parameters of a shooter on the sighting telescope can be conveniently adjusted.

2. The shooting calibration conversion ruler of claim 1, wherein the ferrule and the vernier are both rectangular in configuration.

3. The shooting calibration conversion ruler according to claim 1, wherein the first reading section and the second reading section are both rectangular structures arranged along the extending direction of the ferrule, and the third reading section and the fourth reading section are both rectangular structures arranged along the extending direction of the vernier.

4. The shooting calibration conversion scale of claim 1, wherein when the vernier is snapped onto the sleeve, the third reading section is located inside the first reading section, and the fourth reading section is located inside the second reading section.

5. The shooting calibration conversion ruler according to claim 1, wherein a first dense scale line and a pitch angle line are provided on the outer sides of the two long sides of the first reading portion, an indication arrow is further provided at the beginning of the pitch angle line, and a second dense scale line and an angular scale line are provided on the outer sides of the two long sides of the second reading portion.

6. The shooting calibration conversion ruler according to claim 1, wherein the third reading portion has a first dimension scale mark and a target distance scale mark on the inner sides of the two long sides, and the fourth reading portion has a second dimension scale mark symmetrically on the inner sides of the two long sides.

7. The shooting calibration conversion ruler of claim 1, wherein the first reading section, the second reading section and the ferrule are integrally formed, and the third reading section, the fourth reading section and the cursor are integrally formed.

8. The shooting calibration slide of claim 1 wherein the first and second reads are each flush with a ferrule surface and the third and fourth reads are each flush with a cursor surface.

9. The shooting calibration conversion ruler of claim 1, wherein the first reading section, the second reading section, the third reading section, and the fourth reading section are each made of a fluorescent material.

10. A shooting calibration conversion scale as defined in claim 1 wherein the first fine scale mark is 1.0-10.0mils, the pitch angle scale is 0-60 °, the second fine scale mark is 0.30-4.5mils, the angular scale mark is 1.0-15, the first size scale mark is 10-600cm, the target distance scale mark is 90-2000m, and the second size scale mark is 4.5-250 cm.