CN109973094B - 一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法 - Google Patents
一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 239000007787 solids Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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 [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
Abstract
本发明公开了一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法，具体是：在一个开采块段内逐个布置相同的混采面，采用全部开采、局部充填的方法对煤炭资源进行回采；混采面内分段布置综采垮落段和固体充填段，综采垮落段和固体充填段之间利用过渡液压支架来实现整个工作面的协调开采；混采面长度为200～400m，其中固体充填段的长度是混采面长度的1/3～1/2倍，利用沿空留巷技术保留固体充填段一侧回采巷道，作为相邻混采面综采垮落段一侧回采巷道。本发明结合了综采和充填开采的优势，可显著弱化深部高应力环境下沿空留巷矿压显现强度，减小沿空留巷变形和区段煤柱损失，同时处理矸石、粉煤灰等固体废弃物，能够实现煤炭资源的安全高效绿色化开采。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及沿空留巷和固体充填开采技术领域，尤其涉及一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法。
背景技术
随着煤炭资源的高强度开采，我国浅部煤炭资源逐渐枯竭，煤炭开采逐渐转向深部，然而深部围岩应力巨大，矿压显现强烈，巷道通常难以维护。现有的综采垮落法开采为了保证回采巷道的稳定性，通常需要留设30~60m的区段保护煤柱，这造成了煤炭资源的严重浪费。固体充填开采虽然可以有效控制深部采场矿压，处理矸石、粉煤灰等固体废弃物，但因为工作面长度较短，难以实现高产高效。传统的沿空留巷技术施工工艺复杂，通常巷道变形较大，在深部高应力环境中的留巷效果更加难以保证。
如何实现煤炭的安全高效开采并有效处理矸石、粉煤灰等固体废弃物成为目前矿山煤炭资源面临的重要难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法，可以解决地面矸石造成的环境污染、沿空留巷支护困难问题，提高煤炭资源采出率，实现煤炭资源的安全高效绿色化开采。
为实现上述目的，本发明的一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）在一个开采块段内掘进回风上山和运输上山，然后开掘ZC101混采面运输平巷、ZC101混采面回风平巷及ZC101混采面开切眼，形成完整的生产系统；
（2）在ZC101混采面内分段布置综采垮落段和固体充填段，固体充填段布置在ZC101混采面下段，综采垮落段布置在ZC101混采面上段，或者固体充填段布置在ZC101混采面上段，综采垮落段布置在ZC101混采面下段；固体充填段采用综合机械化固体充填技术进行开采，综采垮落段采用综合机械化开采，全部垮落法处理采空区，固体充填段与综采垮落段之间利用过渡液压支架实现协调布置；ZC101混采面采用仰斜布置，后退式开采，综采垮落段和固体充填段按工序交替进行；
（3）固体充填段一侧的ZC101混采面运输平巷进行沿空留巷处理，ZC101混采面回风平巷采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；
（4）ZC101混采面回采结束后，开掘ZC102混采面回风平巷和ZC102混采面开切眼，并利用ZC101混采面运输平巷作为ZC102混采面运输平巷；ZC102混采面的采煤方法与ZC101混采面相同；固体充填段一侧的ZC102混采面回风平巷进行沿空留巷处理，ZC102混采面运输平巷采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；
（5）ZC102混采面回采结束后，开掘ZC103混采面运输平巷和ZC103混采面开切眼，并利用ZC102混采面回风平巷作为ZC103混采面回风平巷；ZC103混采面的采煤方法与ZC101混采面相同；固体充填段一侧的ZC103混采面运输平巷进行沿空留巷处理，ZC103混采面回风平巷采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；
（6）在ZC103混采面相邻位置接续布置混采面，重复步骤（4）~（5）的作业方式，最终完成整个开采区域的煤炭回采以及对应采空区的充填。
优选的，所述混采面的长度均为200~400m，其中固体充填段长度为混采面长度的1/3~1/2倍。
优选的，所述沿空留巷的支护墙体由垒砌的矸石墙和胶结充填体组成。
优选的，充填开采时使用的充填材料主要为采空区煤矸石、粉煤灰、建筑垃圾等固体废弃物，减少其地面堆积造成的环境污染。
本发明混采面适用于采区式、带区式及盘区式布置，为了保证充填效果应避免俯采布置。
有益效果：本发明公开了一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法，将垮落与充填混合式开采技术与沿空留巷技术相结合，发挥充填采煤和垮落法采煤的双重优势；解决了传统垮落法开采留设大量区段煤柱、沿空留巷难以维护的问题，以及全部充填开采煤炭产量低，充填材料供应不足的问题。混采工作面中固体充填段可以显著减小沿空留巷附近围岩的矿压显现强度，保证沿空留巷的稳定性，减小沿空留巷围岩变形，有效平衡了致密充填减缓岩层运动与减弱矿压显现与快速开采需求之间的矛盾，又可以有效处理固体废弃物，能够实现煤炭资源的安全高效绿色化开采。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法工作面布置图。
图中：1-回风上山；2-运输上山；3-停采线；4-ZC101混采面回风平巷；5-ZC101混采面运输平巷；6-综采垮落段；7-固体充填段；8-ZC102混采面回风平巷；9-ZC103混采面运输平巷；10-采空区；11-充填材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法进行详细描述。
以某矿1号采区为例，该矿布置的工作面均为同面全采局充混采面，目前正在开采ZC102混采面，煤层埋深-600m~-800m，煤层平均厚度3.5m，平均倾角8°，直接顶平均厚度为1.42m，主要为灰色泥岩，基本顶平均厚度5.52m，主要为深灰色砂质泥岩，直接底平均厚度为4.15m，主要为灰黑色泥岩。混采面长度为260m，推进长度1500m，混采面固体充填段长度为100m，综采垮落段长度为160m。混采面采用一套采煤设备进行协同开采，其具体开采过程如下，如图1所示，虚线为停采线3：
（1）在一个开采块段内掘进回风上山1和运输上山2，然后开掘ZC101混采面运输平巷5、ZC101混采面回风平巷4及ZC101混采面开切眼，形成完整的生产系统；
（2）在ZC101混采面内分段布置综采垮落段6和固体充填段7，固体充填段7布置在ZC101混采面下段，长度为100m，采用综合机械化固体充填技术进行开采，充填材料11主要为采空区煤矸石、粉煤灰、建筑垃圾等固体废弃物；综采垮落段6布置在ZC101混采面上段，长度为160m，采用综合机械化开采，全部垮落法处理采空区10，固体充填段7与综采垮落段6之间利用过渡液压支架实现协调布置；ZC101混采面采用仰斜布置，后退式开采，综采垮落段6和固体充填段7按工序交替进行；
（3）固体充填段7一侧的ZC101混采面运输平巷5进行沿空留巷处理，所述沿空留巷的支护墙体由垒砌的矸石墙和胶结充填体组成，ZC101混采面回风平巷4采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；
（4）ZC101混采面回采至停采线3后，开掘ZC102混采面回风平巷8和ZC102混采面开切眼，并利用ZC101混采面运输平巷5作为ZC102混采面运输平巷；ZC102混采面的采煤方法与ZC101混采面相同；固体充填段7一侧的ZC102混采面回风平巷8进行沿空留巷处理，所述沿空留巷的支护墙体由垒砌的矸石墙和胶结充填体组成，ZC102混采面运输平巷采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；
（5）ZC102混采面回采至停采线3后，开掘ZC103混采面运输平巷9和ZC103混采面开切眼，并利用ZC102混采面回风平巷8作为ZC103工作面回风平巷；ZC103混采面的采煤方法与ZC101混采面相同，固体充填段7一侧的ZC103混采面运输平巷9进行沿空留巷处理，所述沿空留巷的支护墙体由垒砌的矸石墙和胶结充填体组成，ZC103混采面回风平巷采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；最终完成整个1号采区的煤炭回采以及对应采空区的充填。
实施例中所述的ZC102混采面，在采用同面全采局充开采方法时，利用沿空留巷的方法ZC102混采面回风平巷8的顶底板最大移近量为48mm，回采巷道的两帮最大移近量136mm，均远小于相似条件下综采垮落法开采工作面沿空留巷变形量。与非沿空留巷开采留30m保护煤柱相比，该采区运用同面全采局充开采方法多采出煤炭量40.95万吨，同时处理矸石粉煤灰合计61.43万吨。
除上述实施例中提及的“混采面内分段布置综采垮落段和固体充填段，固体充填段布置在混采面下段，综采垮落段布置在混采面上段”的布置方式外，还可以将固体充填段布置在混采面上段，综采垮落段布置在混采面下段，其余开采顺序及步骤均与上述实施例相同。
Claims (4)
1.一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法，其特征是，包括如下步骤：
（1）在一个开采块段内掘进回风上山（1）和运输上山（2），然后开掘ZC101混采面运输平巷（5）、ZC101混采面回风平巷（4）及ZC101混采面开切眼，形成完整的生产系统；
（2）在ZC101混采面内分段布置综采垮落段（6）和固体充填段（7），固体充填段（7）布置在ZC101混采面下段，综采垮落段（6）布置在ZC101混采面上段，或者固体充填段（7）布置在ZC101混采面上段，综采垮落段（6）布置在ZC101混采面下段；固体充填段（7）采用综合机械化固体充填技术进行开采，综采垮落段（6）采用综合机械化开采，全部垮落法处理采空区（10），固体充填段（7）与综采垮落段（6）之间利用过渡液压支架实现协调布置；ZC101混采面采用仰斜布置，后退式开采，综采垮落段（6）和固体充填段（7）按工序交替进行；
（3）固体充填段（7）一侧的ZC101混采面运输平巷（5）进行沿空留巷处理，ZC101混采面回风平巷（4）采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；
（4）ZC101混采面回采结束后，开掘ZC102混采面回风平巷（8）和ZC102混采面开切眼，并利用ZC101混采面运输平巷（5）作为ZC102混采面运输平巷；ZC102混采面的采煤方法与ZC101混采面相同；固体充填段（7）一侧的ZC102混采面回风平巷（8）进行沿空留巷处理，ZC102混采面运输平巷采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；
（5）ZC102混采面回采结束后，开掘ZC103混采面运输平巷（9）和ZC103混采面开切眼，并利用ZC102混采面回风平巷（8）作为ZC103混采面回风平巷；ZC103混采面的采煤方法与ZC101混采面相同；固体充填段（7）一侧的ZC103混采面运输平巷（9）进行沿空留巷处理，ZC103混采面回风平巷采用全部垮落法处理，不进行沿空留巷；
（6）在ZC103混采面相邻位置接续布置混采面，重复步骤（4）~（5）的作业方式，最终完成整个开采区域的煤炭回采以及对应采空区的充填。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法，其特征是，混采面的长度均为200~400m，其中固体充填段长度为混采面长度的1/3~1/2倍。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法，其特征是，所述沿空留巷的支护墙体由垒砌的矸石墙和胶结充填体组成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种矿山资源同面全采局充开采方法，其特征是，充填开采时使用的充填材料（11）主要为采空区煤矸石、粉煤灰、建筑垃圾。
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