CN109967672B - Forging method of CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy - Google Patents
Forging method of CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109967672B CN109967672B CN201910256312.1A CN201910256312A CN109967672B CN 109967672 B CN109967672 B CN 109967672B CN 201910256312 A CN201910256312 A CN 201910256312A CN 109967672 B CN109967672 B CN 109967672B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forging CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy, which comprises the steps of putting a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot into a heating furnace, heating up to the initial forging temperature of 900-960 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, preserving heat, calculating the heat preservation time according to 0.8-1 min/mm, and lifting the copper ingot out of the heating furnace for forging after the heat preservation time meets the requirement; in the forging process, when the surface temperature of a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is higher than 850 ℃, 800-850 ℃ and 750-800 ℃, the bilateral rolling reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of forging equipment is less than 10mm, 10-30 mm and less than 10 mm; stopping forging when the surface temperature is less than 750 ℃; and repeating the steps to forge for the next fire time until the size of the final product is met if the size of the copper alloy forging does not meet the size requirement of the final product. By adopting the invention, cracks are not easy to generate in the forging process, and the forging plasticity is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forging method, in particular to a forging method of CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy.
Background
The copper alloy has high strength, toughness and wear resistance, and good electric and heat conducting properties, and is particularly resistant to corrosion in air. Therefore, the present invention is widely used in industries such as electric power, instruments, and ships. Shaft parts, flange parts and valve parts which need high strength, heat resistance, pressure resistance and corrosion resistance are all manufactured by copper alloy forgings.
At present, for the forging of CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy, the initial forging temperature is 850 ℃, the final forging temperature is 700 ℃, and the heating and heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.7 min/mm. The following problems arise in this way:
1. the final forging temperature is low, the forging temperature range is narrow and is only 150 ℃, so that the forging time per fire is short;
2. the medium-temperature brittleness area of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is 200-700 ℃, the temperature of 700 ℃ is just the medium-temperature brittleness area of the copper alloy, and the finish forging temperature is 700 ℃, so the copper alloy is very easy to fall into the medium-temperature brittleness area of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy, and cracks are easy to generate in the forging process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forging CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy which is not easy to generate cracks in the forging process, has good forging plasticity and can meet the requirements of NB/T47013.5-2015 dye-flaw detection.
The purpose of the invention is realized by a method for forging CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy,
the chemical composition W% of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is as follows: sn is less than or equal to 0.20, Pb is less than or equal to 0.10, Zn is less than or equal to 0.5, Fe is 3.57-5.5, Ni is 3.5-6.5, Al is 8.0-11.0, Mn is less than or equal to 3.0, Si is less than or equal to 0.10, and the balance is Cu;
cu + Fe + Ni + Al + Mn >99.2, and the forging step is as follows:
1) putting the cold and hot CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot into a heating furnace, heating the heating furnace to the initial forging temperature of 900-960 ℃ for heat preservation at the heating speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and calculating the heat preservation time according to 0.8-1 min/mm;
the cold CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot refers to a copper alloy ingot with the surface temperature of the copper alloy ingot lower than 500 ℃, and the temperature of a heating furnace is less than or equal to 700 ℃ when the copper alloy ingot is charged;
the hot CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is a copper alloy ingot with the surface temperature higher than 500 ℃, and the temperature of a heating furnace is not limited when the copper alloy ingot is charged;
2) hanging the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot which is subjected to heat preservation in the step 1) out of the heating furnace, putting the ingot between an upper anvil and a lower anvil of forging equipment for forging, wherein in the forging process,
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is higher than 850 ℃, the bilateral reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is less than 10 mm;
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is 800-850 ℃, the bilateral rolling reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is 10-30 mm;
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is 750-800 ℃, the bilateral rolling reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is less than 10 mm;
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is less than 750 ℃, stopping forging;
step 1) and step 2) to finish a forging fire;
3) after the forging fire forging of the step 1) and the step 2), checking the size of the copper alloy forging,
stopping forging when the final size requirement of the copper alloy forging is met to obtain a copper alloy forging product;
when the final size requirement of the copper alloy forging is not met, repeating the step 1) and the step 2), and forging for the next fire time; and stopping forging until the final size of the copper alloy forging is reached, and obtaining the copper alloy forging product.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the initial forging temperature is 900-960 ℃, the final forging temperature is 750 ℃, the final forging temperature is increased to 750 ℃, and cracks can be effectively prevented from being generated in the forging process because the forging temperature falls into a brittle zone of 200-700 ℃;
2. the copper alloy ingot obtains good plasticity through the determined reasonable heating temperature and the heat preservation time, the copper alloy ingot is taken out of the furnace and is forged by upper and lower anvils of forging equipment (such as a hydraulic press, a forging hammer and the like), and different bilateral rolling reduction is controlled when the surface temperature is different, so that the forging forming is facilitated, and the generation of forging cracks is prevented;
3. the heat preservation time in the heating furnace is calculated according to 0.8-1 min/mm, the heating and heat preservation time is prolonged, the copper alloy ingot is well forged after being fully preserved in heat at the temperature, and the product forming effect is good.
By adopting the forging method, the product has good forging performance, the product quality meets the NB/T47013.5-2015 dye-based flaw detection requirement, and the product size meets the design requirement.
Detailed Description
The invention puts cold and hot CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingots into a heating furnace, wherein the cold CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingots refer to copper alloy ingots with the surface temperature of the copper alloy ingots lower than 500 ℃, and the temperature of the heating furnace is less than or equal to 700 ℃ when the copper alloy ingots are charged.
The hot CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is a copper alloy ingot with the surface temperature higher than 500 ℃, and the temperature of a heating furnace is not limited during charging.
After charging, heating, wherein the heating speed is less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8-1 min/mm; after the heat preservation time meets the requirement, the copper alloy ingot is lifted out of the heating furnace and placed between an upper anvil and a lower anvil of forging equipment for forging; in the forging process, when the surface temperature of a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is higher than 850 ℃, 800-850 ℃ and 750-800 ℃, the bilateral rolling reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of forging equipment is less than 10mm, 10-30 mm and less than 10 mm; and when the surface temperature is less than 750 ℃, stopping forging, and finishing the first-time forging. And after the first hot forging is finished, when the size of the copper alloy forging does not meet the size requirement of the final product, repeating the steps, putting the copper alloy forging into the heating furnace again for heating, and performing next hot forging until the size of the copper alloy forging meets the size requirement, and stopping forging to obtain the copper alloy forging product.
The heating furnace selected by the invention is a gas heating furnace, and other heating furnaces can be adopted for heating.
Since the copper alloy ingot causes residual copper elements in the heating furnace during heating, and the copper elements can destroy steel forgings heated by the heating furnace in the future, a heating furnace is used for heating separately during heating, and a thin steel plate is laid on a heating furnace bottom cushion, and the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is placed on the thin steel plate for heating. And taking out the thin steel plate after forging, scattering salt at the bottom of the furnace, and burning to remove the copper element remained in the furnace, so as to be beneficial to producing steel forgings after the heating furnace.
When the heating furnace is used for heating, the amount of coal gas and the air supply are adjusted to be small, the mode of slow fire is adopted for heating as much as possible, the position of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot in the furnace is adjusted, and the phenomenon that flame directly contacts the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot to cause local overburning is avoided.
As the initial forging temperature is 900-960 ℃, preferably 950 +/-10 ℃ and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 750 ℃, the time from the initial forging temperature forging to the final forging temperature is short when the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy forge piece is discharged from the furnace for each time, and the upper anvil and the lower anvil of the forging equipment are preheated in advance before the upper anvil and the lower anvil of the forging equipment are forged by discharging from the furnace for reducing the heat loss in the forging process, so that the better forming of the forge piece is facilitated. In the forging process, the blank needs to be turned over frequently, and the forging is turned around repeatedly, so that the temperature is close when each part deforms, and continuous pounding in the same direction is avoided.
Because the heat conductivity of the copper alloy is good, the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is charged at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 700 ℃ when being charged and heated by cold materials, and the charging temperature is not limited when being charged by hot materials. Because the final thickness of the product to be formed is thin, in order to prevent cracks from being generated in the medium-temperature brittle zone due to the excessively high cooling speed, the final forging temperature during forging is increased to more than 750 ℃ so as to avoid the medium-temperature brittle zone of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot and avoid the cracks generated in the forging process.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1 two CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingots had a chemical composition W%: 0.01 percent of Sn, 0.03 percent of Pb, 0.34 percent of Zn, 4.84 percent of Fe, 4.53 percent of Ni, 11.0 percent of Al, 3.0 percent of Mn, 0.10 percent of Si and 76.15 percent of Cu.
Cu+Fe+Ni+Al+Mn＝99.52>99.2。
The forging steps are as follows:
1) placing a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot into a heating furnace, heating the ingot in the furnace at a charging temperature of less than 700 ℃, igniting the ingot in the furnace, heating the ingot to a forging starting temperature of 910 ℃ plus or minus 10 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 150 ℃ per hour, and carrying out heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to 1min/mm, and the heat preservation time is 9 hours;
2) hanging the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot subjected to heat preservation in the step 1) out of the heating furnace, and putting the ingot between an upper anvil and a lower anvil of forging equipment for forging; in the forging process, the surface temperature of the copper alloy forging is measured by a thermodetector in the forging process,
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy forging piece is higher than 850 ℃, the bilateral reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is less than 10 mm;
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy forging is 800-850 ℃, the bilateral rolling reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is 10-30 mm;
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy forging is 750-800 ℃, the bilateral rolling reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is less than 10 mm;
and stopping forging when the surface temperature of the copper alloy forging is less than 750 ℃, and finishing the first-time forging.
And (3) checking the size of the copper alloy forging, wherein the size of the copper alloy forging does not reach the size requirement of the final product, and repeating the step 1) and the step 2) for two times to obtain the copper alloy forging product.
The number of forging shots in this example was three, and the tapping forging time was recorded for about 17 minutes per number of forging shots.
Example 2, two copper alloy ingots were smelted in the same furnace, and the difference of example 1 is that two copper alloy ingots were hot materials with ingot surface temperature of 500 ℃.
The chemical components W% of the two CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingots are as follows: 0.06 percent of Sn, 0.10 percent of Pb, 0.50 percent of Zn, 5.50 percent of Fe, 6.50 percent of Ni, 8.00 percent of Al, 1.3 percent of Mn, 0.04 percent of Si and 78.0 percent of Cu.
Cu+Fe+Ni+Al+Mn＝99.30>99.2。
The forging steps are as follows:
1) placing the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot into a heating furnace, wherein the temperature of the heating furnace is not limited, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8min/mm, and the heat preservation time is 7 hours;
and (3) repeating the step 1) and the step 2) for three times, wherein the actual forging fire is four fires, and the tapping forging time of each forging fire is recorded to be about 15 minutes.
Example 3, two copper alloy ingots were smelted in the same furnace, and like example 1, except that the two copper alloy ingots were hot materials with surface temperature of more than 500 ℃.
The chemical components W% of the two CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingots are as follows: 0.14 percent of Sn, 0.06 percent of Pb, 0.01 percent of Zn, 4.2 percent of Fe, 5.50 percent of Ni, 9.05 percent of Al, 0.1 percent of Mn, 0.07 percent of Si and 80.87 percent of Cu.
Cu+Fe+Ni+Al+Mn＝99.30>99.2。
The forging steps are as follows:
1) placing a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot into a heating furnace, heating to the initial forging temperature of 950 +/-10 ℃ and preserving heat;
and (3) repeating the step 1) and the step 2) once, wherein the actual forging fire is two times, and the tapping forging time of each forging fire is recorded for about 20 minutes.
Example 4, two copper alloys were smelted in the same furnace, and the difference is that two copper alloy ingots were hot materials with surface temperature of more than 500 ℃ as in example 1.
The chemical components W% of the two CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingots are as follows: 0.20 percent of Sn, 0.01 percent of Pb, 0.17 percent of Zn, 3.57 percent of Fe, 3.5 percent of Ni, 9.98 percent of Al, 2.1 percent of Mn, 0.01 percent of Si and 80.46 percent of Cu.
Cu+Fe+Ni+Al+Mn＝99.61>99.2。
The forging steps are as follows:
1) placing CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot into a heating furnace, heating to the initial forging temperature of 950 +/-10 ℃ at unlimited charging temperature, and preserving heat for 7 hours at the same temperature rising speed as that of the heating furnace, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8min/mm
Example 1;
and (3) repeating the step 1) and the step 2) for two times, wherein the actual forging fire is three times, and the tapping forging time of each forging fire is recorded to be about 17 minutes.
The sizes of the copper alloy ingots used in the embodiments are the same, and the final copper alloy forging products have the same forming size. After forging at different initial forging temperatures and heat preservation time, all the materials are forged and formed, the product size meets the requirements, cracks do not appear in the forging process, and the obtained CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy forge piece meets the NB/T47013.5-2015 dye-based flaw detection requirements. Through the on-site data tracking of the forging production process, because of different initial forging temperatures and different heat preservation time lengths, the actual production of each embodiment has different tapping forging time and different required forming forging times. In the embodiment, the copper alloy forging product in the embodiment 3 has the best forging plasticity and is most beneficial to forming, because the production process uses the minimum fire number and the forging time can be longest when the copper alloy forging product is discharged from a furnace every fire number.
Claims (5)
1. A forging method of CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is characterized in that: the chemical composition W% of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is as follows: sn is less than or equal to 0.20, Pb is less than or equal to 0.10, Zn is less than or equal to 0.5, Fe is 3.57-5.5, Ni is 3.5-6.5, Al is 8.0-11.0, Mn is less than or equal to 3.0, Si is less than or equal to 0.10, and the balance is Cu; cu + Fe + Ni + Al + Mn >99.2, and the forging step is as follows:
1) putting the cold and hot CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot into a heating furnace, heating the heating furnace to the initial forging temperature of 900-960 ℃ at the heating speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and carrying out heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8-1 min/mm;
the cold CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot refers to a copper alloy ingot with the surface temperature of the copper alloy ingot lower than 500 ℃, and the temperature of a heating furnace is less than or equal to 700 ℃ when the copper alloy ingot is charged;
the hot CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is a copper alloy ingot with the surface temperature higher than 500 ℃, and the temperature of a heating furnace is not limited when the copper alloy ingot is charged;
2) hanging the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot which is subjected to heat preservation in the step 1) out of the heating furnace, putting the ingot between an upper anvil and a lower anvil of forging equipment for forging, wherein in the forging process,
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is higher than 850 ℃, the bilateral reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is less than 10 mm;
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is 800-850 ℃, the bilateral rolling reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is 10-30 mm;
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is 750-800 ℃, the bilateral rolling reduction of an upper anvil and a lower anvil of the forging equipment is less than 10 mm;
when the surface temperature of the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy is less than 750 ℃, stopping forging;
step 1) and step 2) to finish a forging fire;
3) after the forging fire forging of the step 1) and the step 2), checking the size of the copper alloy forging,
stopping forging when the final size requirement of the copper alloy forging is met to obtain a copper alloy forging product;
when the final size requirement of the copper alloy forging is not met, repeating the step 1) and the step 2), and forging for the next fire time; and stopping forging until the final size of the copper alloy forging is reached, and obtaining the copper alloy forging product.
2. The method for forging a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the temperature in the furnace is heated to the initial forging temperature of 950 +/-10 ℃ for heat preservation.
3. The method for forging a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heating furnace adopts a gas furnace.
4. The method for forging a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when heating, a heating furnace is independently used for heating, the thin steel plate is arranged on the bottom cushion of the heating furnace, and the CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy ingot is placed on the thin steel plate for heating.
5. The method for forging a CuAl10Fe5Ni5 copper alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) before the forging is carried out between the upper anvil and the lower anvil of the forging equipment, preheating the upper anvil and the lower anvil of the forging equipment in advance, and in the forging process, frequently turning over the blank and repeatedly turning around for forging.
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| EP2775005A1 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2014-09-10 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co., Ltd. | Hot-forged copper alloy article |
| CN104959538A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-07 | 陈文建 | Forging method of copper alloy |
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| JP2001240949A (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-09-04 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Method of manufacturing for worked billet of high- purity copper having fine crystal grain |
| JP5277808B2 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2013-08-28 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Method for producing fine grain copper material |
| JP5688744B2 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2015-03-25 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | High strength and high toughness copper alloy forging |
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| EP2775005A1 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2014-09-10 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co., Ltd. | Hot-forged copper alloy article |
| CN104959538A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-07 | 陈文建 | Forging method of copper alloy |
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