CN109959343B - Device and method for monitoring deformation of super high-rise building by using laser - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring deformation of super high-rise building by using laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN109959343B CN109959343B CN201910242267.4A CN201910242267A CN109959343B CN 109959343 B CN109959343 B CN 109959343B CN 201910242267 A CN201910242267 A CN 201910242267A CN 109959343 B CN109959343 B CN 109959343B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for monitoring deformation of a super high-rise building by using laser, which comprises a laser emitting device, a laser signal receiving device and a data processing system, wherein the laser emitting device comprises a laser emitter, a power supply and a fixed base; the laser signal receiving device is fixed at the top end of the super high-rise building; the data processing system calculates the actual swing displacement, amplitude and change of the super high-rise building in real time by capturing the light spot moving on the laser receiving device, and the actual swing displacement, amplitude and change are displayed by using a three-dimensional model. The invention also discloses a measuring method of the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser, the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser can effectively obtain the related data of the frequency, the amplitude, the long-term tendency and the like of the top end swing of the super high-rise building, has high monitoring precision and high monitoring speed, and can meet the requirements of all-weather real-time monitoring; meanwhile, the monitoring device is low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building engineering monitoring, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring deformation of a super high-rise building by using laser.
Background
The general rules of civil building design (GB 50352-2005) in China divides residential buildings into the following according to the number of floors: one to three floors are low-rise houses, four to six floors are multi-rise houses, seven to nine floors are medium-high-rise houses, and ten or more floors are high-rise houses. Civil buildings with the height not more than 24m except the residential buildings are single-storey and multi-storey buildings, and buildings with the height more than 24m are high-storey buildings (excluding single-storey public buildings with the building height more than 24 m); the civil buildings with the building height more than 100m are super high-rise buildings. According to statistics: by 9 months end in 2018, the number of constructed super high-rise buildings in China (including the Hongkong and Australian area) is about 260, wherein 100-; 200 and 300 meters are about 80, and more than 300 meters are about 80. At present, the highest-rise building in China is a Shanghai central building, and is about 632 meters. For buildings, due to the influence of environmental loads (such as wind load, earthquake load and temperature change), fatigue effect, corrosion and material aging of self structures, even artificial factors, the buildings gradually deform with the lapse of time, and the structural bearing capacity of the buildings also gradually reduces. Usually, the construction shows uniform or non-uniform settlement, or some phenomena of crack, inclination, torsion and displacement, when the deformation value exceeds the allowable value of the construction design, the construction is damaged to a certain extent. The formation of construction accidents is not a trivial matter, and the accidents go through a deformation process. Super high-rise buildings are more dangerous and complex in construction, operation and management than ordinary buildings due to their height characteristics. Compared with the common type of buildings, the super high-rise structure can generate more obvious dynamic deformation under the influence of factors such as wind load, sunlight action, earthquake and the like. In the construction stage and the normal use stage of the super high-rise building, a plurality of dynamic deformation quantities needing important monitoring exist, such as vibration amplitude, inclination angle, vibration track, speed, acceleration and the like under the action of wind load. Wind load is a complex non-steady random process, which causes the wind to act intermittently and dynamically on the building structure, and the discussion of the relation between wind speed and dynamic deformation of a super high-rise building has very important significance on the safety evaluation of the structure.
In the prior art, a laser plummet is generally adopted for transmitting a construction plane control network and a GPS (global positioning system) or measuring a robot method, but the laser plummet is adopted for transmitting the construction plane control network, so that the attention on the diurnal swing monitoring of a tower body, which is influenced by various factors such as sunshine, wind power, temperature difference and the like, is insufficient, a risk point exists, and the method is only suitable for the swing monitoring of the tower body in the construction process of a super high-rise building and cannot be continuously monitored after the construction is finished; the method of measuring the robot by the GPS method has extremely high requirements on the observation environment (the GPS method requires a good observation environment, and the method of measuring the robot has requirements on the distance and the vertical angle); in addition, the methods such as GPS and measuring robot have yet to be improved in the automation of data acquisition, real-time expression of building swing information, and integration of data acquisition, data transmission, and data processing in the field of business and business.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a device and a method for monitoring the deformation of a super high-rise building by using laser, the method and the device can effectively obtain the related data of the swing displacement, amplitude, long-term tendency and the like of the top end of the super high-rise building, have high monitoring precision and high monitoring speed, and can meet the requirements of all-weather real-time monitoring; meanwhile, the monitoring device is low in cost.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser comprises two sets of laser transmitting and receiving devices and a data processing system, wherein the two sets of laser transmitting and receiving devices are respectively positioned at two adjacent sides of the super high-rise building to be monitored, one set of laser transmitting and receiving device comprises 1 laser transmitting device and 1 laser receiving device, the laser receiving devices are laser spot receiving targets, 2 laser receiving devices are fixed at the same height of the top of the super high-rise building, the receiving target surfaces of the laser receiving devices are vertical to the horizontal plane, and the receiving target surfaces of the two laser receiving devices are vertical to each other; the laser emitting device comprises 2 laser emitters and a base, wherein the base is arranged at a stable base point lower than the super high-rise building, the laser emitters are fixed on the base, and a distance is reserved between the two laser emitters; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the laser transmitter is used for simultaneously transmitting the transmitted laser beams to the matched laser receiving devices;
the laser receiving device is used for capturing the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter to form a laser spot;
the data processing system is used for calculating the actual swing displacement and angle of the super high-rise building by utilizing the position change of the laser spot captured by the laser receiving device relative to the original calibration point so as to simulate the motion curve of the three-dimensional coordinate of the top center point of the super high-rise building; the original calibration point is the laser spot central point calibrated when the super high-rise building is not deformed.
As a further optimization scheme of the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser, 2 laser receiving devices have the same size.
As a further optimization scheme of the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser, the laser emitting device further comprises a rotating device, one end of the rotating device is connected with the base, the other end of the rotating device is connected with the laser emitter, and the laser emitter adjusts the angle of the emitted laser according to the rotating device.
As a further optimization scheme of the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser, the light beams emitted by the two laser emitters to the laser spot receiving target in each set of laser emitting and receiving device are not converged at one point, the connecting line of the two light spots is parallel to the horizontal plane during calibration installation, and the laser beams emitted by the two laser emitters are coplanar.
As a further optimization scheme of the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser, the base is arranged at a ground stable base point, and the distance between the base and the super high-rise building is more than half of the total height of the super high-rise building.
As a further optimization scheme of the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser, the laser emitting device further comprises a solar panel and/or a standby power supply, the solar panel and/or the standby power supply are arranged on the base, and the solar panel and/or the standby power supply provides power for the laser emitter.
The device for monitoring deformation of the super high-rise building by using laser further comprises a display device, wherein the display device is connected with a data processing system, and the data processing system matches the real-time three-dimensional coordinates of the top center point of the super high-rise building calculated by solution to the established three-dimensional model of the super high-rise building; and the display device displays the swing change of the super high-rise three-dimensional model after data matching and the three-dimensional coordinate of the top center point of the super high-rise three-dimensional model in real time.
Based on the measuring method of the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser, the method comprises the following steps:
the two laser receiving devices capture laser spots emitted to the laser receiving devices in real time;
the data processing system extracts the laser spot edge on the laser receiving device, fits the elliptic figure edge point of the laser spot and calculates the coordinate of the central point of the laser spot;
comparing the obtained coordinates of the center points of the laser spots with the coordinates of the center points of the laser spots calibrated when the super high-rise building is not deformed, and obtaining displacement change information of the total 4 laser spot center points of the two sets of laser receiving devices;
combining the displacement change information with the mutual constraint relation of the two laser receiving devices on the spatial position, and solving the three-dimensional coordinates of the central points of the two laser receiving devices;
converting the real-time three-dimensional coordinate of the central point of the laser receiving device into the real-time three-dimensional coordinate of the central point of the top end of the super high-rise building according to the position relation of the central point of the laser receiving device relative to the central point of the top end of the super high-rise building measured when the super high-rise building is not deformed;
and simulating a three-dimensional curve of the real-time change of the point according to the real-time three-dimensional coordinate of the central point of the top end of the super high-rise building, wherein the obtained curve is the information of the top end swing of the super high-rise building.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
(1) the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser can effectively monitor the deformation condition of the super high-rise building, and realizes automatic and all-weather monitoring;
(2) the device for monitoring deformation of the super high-rise building by using laser can realize the monitoring of all-directional deformation of the super high-rise building through two sets of laser emitting devices and laser signal receiving devices and a resolving system, and has the advantages of simple and effective structure, low cost, convenience and practicability;
(3) the device for monitoring the deformation of the super high-rise building by using the laser automatically monitors through the preset program, is simple and intelligent to operate, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of deformation monitoring of a novel super high-rise building.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a laser transmitter fixed position.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a central position point of the laser receiving device and a received light spot pre-calibration point.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the calculation of the laser spot center position.
Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of a data processing implementation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the offset coordinate calculation of the center position of the top end of the super high-rise building.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the offset coordinate calculation of the center position of the top end of the super high-rise building.
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the offset coordinates of the center position of the top end of the super high-rise building, and FIG. 8b is the information captured by the E-plane laser target plate.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a monitoring device.
The reference numerals in the figures are to be interpreted: the method comprises the following steps of 1-laser emitter, 2-laser emitter fixing base, 3-emitted laser beam, 4-laser receiver, 5-super high-rise building, 6-super high-rise building top center point position, 7-laser receiving target plate, 8-laser spot capturing position pre-calibration point (right side), 9-laser receiving target plate center position and 10-laser spot capturing position pre-calibration point (left side).
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser emitting and receiving devices have two sets, wherein each set comprises two fixed bases 2, a laser emitter 1 and a laser receiving device 4;
the laser emitter 1 is fixed on a stable base point which is at a certain horizontal distance from the lower end of the super high-rise building through a fixed base 2;
the fixed bases are selected as shown in fig. 2, and the distance between two fixed bases in each set of laser emitting and receiving device is preferably more than half of the total height of the super high-rise building; the distance between the connecting line of the two fixed bases and the super high-rise building is preferably greater than half of the total height of the super high-rise building;
the laser receiving target plates 7 are fixed on the surface of the top end of the super high-rise building 5, the target plate surfaces and the horizontal surface are vertically arranged, two sets of laser receiving target plate surfaces are respectively fixed on two adjacent sides of the top end of the super high-rise building, the horizontal heights of the two target plate surfaces are required to be consistent, and the position relations of the two plate surfaces are vertical to each other (as shown in figure 1);
further, selecting breeze or no-wind weather, adjusting the laser emitters 1, making the laser beams emitted by the two emitters in each set to strike on the laser target plate surface of the laser receiving device, requiring the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter positioned on the left side to strike the left pre-calibration point 10 of the target plate, requiring the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter positioned on the right side to strike the left pre-calibration point 8 of the target plate, and the distance between the two points is 20CM, when the calibration is adjusted, the connecting line of the two light spots is parallel to the horizontal plane (as shown in fig. 3), and requiring the two laser beams to be coplanar.
Arranging a laser transmitting device and a laser receiving device on the adjacent side surfaces of the top end of the super high-rise building;
further, it is ensured that the two laser target plates of the laser receiving device are respectively located at two adjacent sides of the top end of the super high-rise building, the two target plates have the same structural area and are fixed at the same height, and the two target surfaces are perpendicular to the horizontal plane and are perpendicular to each other (as shown in fig. 1).
And extracting the edge of the laser spot, and calculating the position of the laser central point through an algorithm so as to ensure the measurement accuracy of the real-time position of the laser spot.
Firstly, the area range of a light spot is determined through preprocessing of a laser light spot image, a threshold value is set to establish a light spot image segmentation method, the outer boundary of a circular area is obtained, the specific position of the light spot is obtained through edge point fitting, the accurate central coordinate of the laser light spot is obtained, and the light spot central position extraction processing flow is shown in fig. 4.
(1) And removing noise interference, and setting a light spot g (i, j) segmentation threshold according to the gray pixel value (i, j) of the target plate image.
(2) And obtaining the range of the spot area according to the threshold setting result.
(3) Calculating the average value T of the pixels in the range of the identified facula area1：
(4) Determining a threshold T from the corresponding transmission distance test1Coefficient k, calculating the final threshold value Tf，
Tf＝kT1
(5) According to a threshold value TfAnd extracting the laser spot edge, performing least square fitting on the oval edge of the light spot, and extracting the position of the light spot center point.
Fitting an equation:
wherein (x)i,yi) (i ═ 1,2, … n) are the edge coordinates of the fitted ellipse, a, B, C, D, E are the coefficients in the general equation of the ellipse, min represents the minimum of the fit;
and eliminating points with large residual errors in the fitting result, averaging the coordinates of the central point of the ellipse obtained after fitting, and calculating to obtain the coordinates of the central point of the laser spot.
Data processing system flow, as shown in FIG. 5, is a flow of one embodiment of a data processing method according to the present application. A data processing method, comprising the steps of:
And 502, calculating the position of the central point of the laser spot, wherein the central position of the laser spot is not well determined because the laser beam is not vertically emitted to the layout of the laser receiving target plate but forms a certain angle, the smaller the included angle is, the larger the eccentricity of an ellipse presented by the laser spot captured on the laser receiving target plate is, and therefore the image segmentation of the laser spot image is needed, and the accurate coordinate of the laser spot is obtained through the edge point fitting calculation.
And step 504, calculating coordinates of the top center position of the super high-rise building, calculating real-time three-dimensional coordinates of the top center point when the super high-rise building is deviated according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the center points of the two laser receiving target plates and the position 6 of the top center point of the super high-rise building when the super high-rise building is not deformed calculated in the earlier stage and the spatial position relationship between the three coordinates through the three-dimensional coordinates of the shifted target plate center point of the super high-rise building solved in the step 503.
And 505, establishing a three-dimensional model of the displacement change of the central position point along with time, establishing the three-dimensional model of the building according to the measurement data of the super high-rise building to be detected in the early stage, and establishing a dynamic three-dimensional model by combining the three-dimensional coordinates of the position change of the top central point calculated in the step 504.
And 507, displaying the dynamic change effect of the three-dimensional model of the super high-rise building generated in the step 505 by the display system, and simultaneously displaying various environmental information values and the correlation degree information of the wind power and the super high-rise building displacement compared in the step 506 by the display system.
And calculating three-dimensional coordinates of the top center point of the super high-rise building.
Assuming that the top end of the super high-rise building deviates to the right at a certain moment, as shown in fig. 6, the left side is a schematic diagram of the deviation of the super high-rise building, the right side is two laser receiving target plates fixed at the top end of the super high-rise building, and black spots on the target plates are captured laser spots. The main process of data processing is to calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the top center point position 6 of the super high-rise building through the spot position information on the two target plates.
As shown in fig. 7, the information captured by the N-plane laser target plate is used for calculating an included angle ^ 1 formed by a connecting line of two laser spots and a transverse line of the target plate, and the obtained ^ 1 degree is an angle for right deviation of the position of the super high-rise building.
Fig. 8B shows the information captured by the E-plane laser target board, where point A, B, O is the light spot of the target board surface hit by the two laser beams when the super high-rise building is not shifted and the center point of the target board, and points a 'and B' are the light spots of the target board surface hit by the two laser beams when the super high-rise building is shifted at that moment.
As shown in fig. 8a, two straight lines AA 'and BB' are laser beam lines emitted by the laser emitter, the positional relationship of the two beams is known, the distance between A, B is 20cm from the original nominal distance, the distance between a 'and B' can be measured by target plate capture, so that the distance of OC can be obtained, O 'is the offset position of the original O point of the target plate after the moment of the super high-rise building is offset, and the size of O' C can be obtained by the target plate.
In delta OCO ', OC and O' C are known, and the angle OCO 'is the complementary crossing of angle 1, so the distance of OO' can be obtained according to the cosine theorem.
Further, the three-dimensional coordinates of O ' (x ', y ', z ') are calculated from the coordinates of the original O (x, y, z) point in combination with the distance and orientation information of OO '.
Further, the three-dimensional coordinates of the super high-rise building apex center point 6 are calculated from the three-dimensional coordinates of O '(x', y ', z'), as shown in step 504.
The display system, the main content that display system presented includes the following aspects:
(1) a three-dimensional model of the real-time sway of the super high-rise building, as set forth in step 505;
(2) monitoring the horizontal deviation information of the super high-rise building by using a swing change trajectory diagram in the horizontal direction of the super high-rise building;
(3) monitoring the settlement information of the super high-rise building by using a swing change trajectory diagram in the vertical direction of the super high-rise building;
(4) real-time environmental information: wind speed, wind power, wind direction, temperature, humidity, air pressure and the like are used as external environment influence factors for deformation of the super high-rise building;
(5) the relationship graph of wind speed/wind force to deformation of the super high-rise building is compared and analyzed as described in step 506, and the result is displayed.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a device for monitoring deformation of a super high-rise building according to the present invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A measuring method of a device for monitoring deformation of a super high-rise building by utilizing laser is characterized in that the device comprises two sets of laser transmitting and receiving devices and a data processing system, the two sets of laser transmitting and receiving devices are respectively positioned at two adjacent sides of the super high-rise building to be monitored, one set of laser transmitting and receiving device comprises 1 laser transmitting device and 1 laser receiving device, the laser receiving devices are laser spot receiving targets, 2 laser receiving devices are fixed at the same height of the top of the super high-rise building, the receiving target surfaces of the laser receiving devices are vertical to the horizontal plane, and the receiving target surfaces of the two laser receiving devices are vertical to each other; the laser emitting device comprises 2 laser emitters and a base, wherein the base is arranged at a stable base point lower than the super high-rise building, the laser emitters are fixed on the base, and a distance is reserved between the two laser emitters; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the laser transmitter is used for simultaneously transmitting the transmitted laser beams to the matched laser receiving devices;
the laser receiving device is used for capturing the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter to form a laser spot;
the data processing system is used for calculating the actual swing displacement and angle of the super high-rise building by utilizing the position change of the laser spot captured by the laser receiving device relative to the original calibration point so as to simulate the motion curve of the three-dimensional coordinate of the top center point of the super high-rise building; the original calibration point is the central point of a laser spot calibrated when the super high-rise building is not deformed;
the two laser transmitters in each set of laser transmitting and receiving device emit light beams to the laser spot receiving target and do not converge at one point, the connecting line of the two laser spots is parallel to the horizontal plane during calibration installation, and laser beams emitted by the two laser transmitters are coplanar;
the measuring method based on the device comprises the following steps:
the two laser receiving devices capture laser spots emitted to the laser receiving devices in real time;
the data processing system extracts the laser spot edge on the laser receiving device, fits the elliptic figure edge point of the laser spot and calculates the coordinate of the central point of the laser spot;
comparing the obtained coordinates of the center points of the laser spots with the coordinates of the center points of the laser spots calibrated when the super high-rise building is not deformed, and obtaining displacement change information of the total 4 laser spot center points of the two sets of laser receiving devices;
combining the displacement change information with the mutual constraint relation of the two laser receiving devices on the spatial position, and solving the three-dimensional coordinates of the central points of the two laser receiving devices;
converting the real-time three-dimensional coordinate of the central point of the laser receiving device into the real-time three-dimensional coordinate of the central point of the top end of the super high-rise building according to the position relation of the central point of the laser receiving device relative to the central point of the top end of the super high-rise building measured when the super high-rise building is not deformed;
and simulating a three-dimensional curve of the real-time change of the point according to the real-time three-dimensional coordinate of the central point of the top end of the super high-rise building, wherein the obtained curve is the information of the top end swing of the super high-rise building.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 2 laser receivers have the same size.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser transmitter further includes a rotating unit, one end of the rotating unit is connected to the base, and the other end of the rotating unit is connected to the laser transmitter, and the laser transmitter adjusts an angle of the transmitted laser according to the rotating unit.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the base is installed at a ground-stabilized base point, and the distance between the base and the super high-rise building is greater than half of the total height of the super high-rise building.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser transmitter further comprises a solar panel and/or a backup power source, the solar panel and/or the backup power source is disposed on the base, and the solar panel and/or the backup power source provides power for the laser transmitter.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a display device connected to the data processing system, wherein the data processing system matches the calculated real-time three-dimensional coordinates of the center point of the top end of the super high-rise building to the established three-dimensional model of the super high-rise building; and the display device displays the swing change of the super high-rise three-dimensional model after data matching and the three-dimensional coordinate of the top center point of the super high-rise three-dimensional model in real time.
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