CN109958477A - A kind of intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine - Google Patents
A kind of intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109958477A CN109958477A CN201910359064.3A CN201910359064A CN109958477A CN 109958477 A CN109958477 A CN 109958477A CN 201910359064 A CN201910359064 A CN 201910359064A CN 109958477 A CN109958477 A CN 109958477A
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- exhaust
- valve
- air inlet
- tappet
- intake
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B25/00—Regulating, controlling, or safety means
- F01B25/02—Regulating or controlling by varying working-fluid admission or exhaust, e.g. by varying pressure or quantity
- F01B25/08—Final actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B25/00—Regulating, controlling, or safety means
- F01B25/02—Regulating or controlling by varying working-fluid admission or exhaust, e.g. by varying pressure or quantity
- F01B25/08—Final actuators
- F01B25/10—Arrangements or adaptations of working-fluid admission or discharge valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B25/00—Regulating, controlling, or safety means
- F01B25/02—Regulating or controlling by varying working-fluid admission or exhaust, e.g. by varying pressure or quantity
- F01B25/12—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
Abstract
The invention belongs to cooling/heating pump technical fields, disclose a kind of intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine.The Machinery Control System includes induction control module and gas exhaust inspecting module；The two is respectively provided with the cam being fixed on expansion machine crankshaft, and cam is rotated with crankshaft, and corresponding tappet is pushed to move above and below in valve body.Each tappet drives the intracorporal corresponding valve rod of valve to rotate around Pivot Point Center by the gear motion of rack pinion；Be respectively provided on each valve rod with the matched valve opening of inside/outside import/exhaust pipe in valve body, can be formed when valve rod rotates to certain orientation connection airflow channel, to control each parameter of inlet and outlet.Intake and exhaust Machinery Control System structure of the invention is simple, control is accurate, not vulnerable to environmental disturbances, suitable for the multi-cylinder piston expansion-compression all-in-one machine of each piston rod common crankshaft, expansion-compression machine inlet and outlet process and corresponding expansion, the good synchronization in compression process each stage are realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cooling/heating pump technical fields, and in particular to a kind of inlet and outlet of piston expansion engine are mechanically controlled
System processed.
Background technique
In the development process of Refrigeration Technique, the update of refrigerant is very important skill upgrading means always.
The development of refrigerant is also along with the puzzlement of ozone layer destroying and greenhouse effects problem.In Montreal protocol in 1992
In the 19th member state's meeting of four meetings and Montreal protocol in 2007, environmentally friendly subject under discussion is especially noticeable, gradually washes in a pan
The cry for eliminating high GWP (global warming potential) and high ODP (ozone decaying potential) refrigerant is very high.
In other industry productions and daily life, refrigerant is also indispensable presence.These demands promote to system
The research of cryogen deepens constantly.In recent years, it is obtained comparatively fast using natural refrigerant and near-nature forest working medium as the forth generation refrigerant of representative
Development.
Forth generation refrigerant, such as near-nature forest working medium (HFOs class working medium), it is very high to be synthetically produced cost.This is also just meaned
Production process can bring high energy consumption, maximum discharge, secondary greenhouse effects are also following.And CO2As natural refrigerant, has and permitted
More advantages, such as environmental-friendly (ODP=0, GWP=1), safe and non-toxic, nonflammable, good heat-transfer, good fluidity, volume system
Cooling capacity is big, mutually compatible with common lubricant and structural material, cheap, maintenance cost is low, etc..CO2Also therefore, it has become
High-quality refrigerant working medium.
Due to CO2Low boiling point, if be applied to cooling/heating pump circulation in, can make system trans critical cycle (compressor
Pressure of inspiration(Pi) is lower than critical pressure, and pressure at expulsion is higher than critical pressure).But CO2There is also some art walls for heat pump system
It builds, main problem is: since pressure is very high in refrigeration system, restriction loss is big.CO2The efficiency of trans critical cycle is usually less than
The subcritical cycle of common working medium (Suck and exhaust pressure of compressor is below critical pressure).In order to reduce the section of trans critical cycle
Stream loss, it is necessary to throttle valve be replaced using a kind of device, to improve system throttles efficiency.
Expanding machine is to export mechanical work outward when being depressured using expansion of compressed gas, makes the original of gas temperature and pressure reduction
It manages to obtain the machinery of energy, has been widely used in Cryo Equipment.In all kinds of expanding machines, piston expansion engine is due to tool
Have that structure is simple, the characteristics such as leakproofness, good reliability have biggish potentiality to be exploited.However, the inlet and outlet characteristic of expanding machine
It is different with compressor, exhaust process should longer and intake process should more rapidly, just can be reduced restriction loss and prolong
Long expansion process.But the inlet and outlet process of expanding machine and the cycle of operation of expanding machine piston should closely be consistent, otherwise,
Expansion ratio decline will be will lead to, to influence the energy-saving effect of expanding machine.Traditional valve and active period control system
Leakage problem can be generated when closed because of structure gap, then it may be made by alternations such as motor using electromagnetic control system
Electromagnetic interference caused by current flow devices influences its control accuracy.Therefore, an efficiently controllable mechanical inlet and outlet are designed
Control system, it is ensured that the consistency in expanding machine inlet and outlet period and the piston cycle of operation, for CO2The developmental research of expanding machine
There is very big value with utilizing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to inlet and outlet period and the inconsistent problem of expansion process in existing expanding machine technology,
So as to cause leakage and clearance loss, thus the problem of influencing running efficiency of system, a kind of piston expansion engine is proposed
Intake and exhaust Machinery Control System, to reduce the restriction loss of expanding machine and optimize expansion process.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine, for controlling expansion cylinder in the piston expansion engine
The opening and closing of inlet and outlet valve, the expansion cylinder are connected on the crankshaft of prime mover by connecting rod, and the crankshaft is prime mover
Output shaft；The intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of the piston expansion engine includes the valve body being embedded on the expansion cylinder cylinder cap；Institute
Stating has the air inlet laid parallel control cavity body structure and gas exhaust inspecting cavity body structure on valve body, respectively with the inside of the expansion cylinder
Connection, and the air flue in the two side walls by being parallel to the crankshaft rotation axis on the valve body is connected to outside respectively；；
It further include that one end is slidably connected in air inlet control cavity body structure, the other end is connected to air inlet control at the crankshaft terminal
Mechanism processed；It further include that one end is slidably connected in the gas exhaust inspecting cavity body structure, the other end is connected at the crankshaft terminal,
The gas exhaust inspecting mechanism laid with inlet control mechanism dislocation.
The air inlet control cavity body structure includes deep hole laying on a side wall of the valve body, being connected to outside
The external admission road of shape；It is embedded in the valve body laying of bottom surface one end in the expansion cylinder, with external admission road perforation
Interior air intake duct；In the valve body, perpendicular to the axis of the external admission road and interior air intake duct constitute plane and pass orthogonally through
On the position of the interior air intake duct, it is laid with deep hole shape intake valve rod cavity；In the other end of the valve body far from the expansion cylinder
Bottom surface, be laid with the inlet ram chamber of deep hole shape；Inlet ram chamber dislocation runs through the intake valve rod cavity, and be provided with into
Gas tappet rach slot；The gas exhaust inspecting cavity body structure include laid in the opposing sidewalls of the valve body, with outside be connected to
Deep hole shape outer exhaust duct；Bottom surface one end in the expansion cylinder the is laid and outer exhaust duct is embedded in the valve body
The interior exhaust duct of perforation；In the valve body, the plane and just that is constituted perpendicular to the axis of the outer exhaust duct and interior exhaust duct
It hands on the position of the interior exhaust duct, is laid with deep hole shape exhaust valve rod cavity；In the valve body far from the expansion cylinder
The bottom surface of the other end is laid with the exhaust tappet chamber of deep hole shape；The exhaust tappet chamber dislocation runs through the exhaust valve rod cavity.
The inlet control mechanism includes the air inlet valve lever being slidably matched with the intake valve rod cavity；The air inlet valve lever exists
It is laid with the inlet valve hole of perforation with the external admission road and interior Inlet Port Matching at the air inlet plane, when connection is formed
Air inlet pipe；On the air inlet valve lever, misplaces at orthogonal circumference with the inlet ram chamber, be laid with air inlet valve lever gear；With
The inlet ram rack gear of the perpendicular engagement of air inlet valve lever gear is located on inlet ram；The inlet ram and the air inlet
Tappet chamber is slidably matched, and between top and the inlet ram chamber blind hole cecum, is laid with air inlet spring；The upper half and it is described into
The part of air valve stem dislocation intersection, opens up the inlet ram rack gear, lower end is connected with via air inlet lifting body and is mounted on institute
State the admission cam at crankshaft terminal；The gas exhaust inspecting mechanism includes the exhaust valve being slidably matched with the exhaust valve rod cavity
Bar, the exhasut valve stem are laid with the exhaust with the outer exhaust duct and the matched perforation of interior exhaust duct at the exhaust plane
Valve opening, when connection, form exhaust pipe；On exhasut valve stem, misplaces at orthogonal circumference with the exhaust tappet chamber, be laid with exhaust
Valve rod gear；It is located on exhaust tappet with the perpendicular exhaust tappet rack gear engaged of the exhasut valve stem gear；The exhaust is endured
Bar is slidably matched with the exhaust tappet chamber, between top and the exhaust tappet chamber blind hole cecum, is laid with exhaust spring, on
Half portion and the exhasut valve stem misplace part intersect, offer the exhaust tappet rack gear, end via being vented lifting body,
It is connected with the exhaust cam being mounted at the crankshaft terminal.
The air inlet lifting body and exhaust lifting body is idler wheel mechanism, respectively air inlet idler wheel and exhaust idler wheel；
The air inlet idler wheel and exhaust idler wheel pass through respectively rolling bearing be fixed on the inlet ram and exhaust tappet on, and respectively with
The admission cam and exhaust cam are rolling section contact.
The inlet ram is set in the part outside the valve body to be installed at the expanding machine inner casing, for limiting
It states in the inlet ram conduit that inlet ram moves above and below；Part of the exhaust tappet outside the valve body is set in fixed
At the expanding machine inner casing and for limiting in the exhaust tappet rod guide that the exhaust tappet moves above and below.
Described in the inlet ram and the exhaust tappet are located at respectively in respective working face, with identical angle
The two sides for the plane that expansion cylinder center line and the crank rotation axial line are constituted.
The angle=100.
The air inlet spring is when the air inlet lifting body is in contact with the basic circle face of the admission cam (2) in certainly
Right state；The exhaust spring is in the basic circle face touching position of the exhaust lifting body and the exhaust cam in natural shape
State.
The inlet ram rack gear and exhaust tappet rack gear effective rack gear length respectively at least equal to it is corresponding it is described into
The lift of gas cam and the exhaust cam；The inlet ram rack gear and exhaust tappet rack gear number of effective actual teeth, at least with institute
It states air inlet valve lever and the exhasut valve stem is respectively rotated by 90 ° corresponding the air inlet valve lever gear and the exhasut valve stem gear
The number of teeth rotated through is equal.
It is laid with several in the valve body, the air inlet oil leab that valve-rod cavity is endured in the air inlet is led to by outside, and at least
There is the air inlet oil leab to lead to the inlet ram chamber；Be laid in the valve body several led to by outside it is described
The exhaust oil leab of valve-rod cavity is endured in exhaust, and at least an exhaust oil leab leads to the exhaust tappet chamber.
The axis of the interior air inlet pipe, the inside exhaust pipe on the same valve body, the axis relative to the expansion cylinder
Line is symmetrical, and is located in the same plane with the crank rotation axis perpendicular.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) by by the period of inlet and outlet process it is synchronous with the operation cycle of piston expansion engine, Lai Tisheng expanding machine fortune
The consistency of row process improves system overall operation efficiency.
(2) stem valve orifice structure is used, the refrigerant leakage problem generated when intake/exhaust valve is closed is effectively reduced.
(3) compact Mechanical course structure is used, it is possible to prevente effectively from interfering caused by electromagnetism or mechanical oscillation in environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is intake and exhaust Machinery Control System structure schematic elevation view of the present invention
Attached drawing 2 is the left view schematic diagram of attached drawing 1
Attached drawing 3 is the A-A diagrammatic cross-section of attached drawing 1
Attached drawing 4 is the B-B diagrammatic cross-section of attached drawing 1
Attached drawing 5 is the C-C diagrammatic cross-section of attached drawing 1
The right view of meshing relation of the attached drawing 6 between inlet ram of the present invention and air inlet valve lever and schematic elevation view
Attached drawing 7 is the right view of meshing relation and schematic elevation view between present invention exhaust tappet and exhasut valve stem
Attached drawing 8 is the A-A diagrammatic cross-section that structure shown in the attached drawing 1 of valve deck is had on valve body
Wherein: 1- crankshaft 2- admission cam 3- inlet ram 3A- inlet ram chamber 4- air inlet lifting body 5- air inlet
Air inlet 8- in spring 6- air inlet valve lever 6A- intake valve rod cavity 7- air inlet pipe 7A- external admission road 7B- inlet valve hole 7C-
Inlet ram conduit 9- air inlet oilhole 10- inlet ram rack gear 11- air inlet valve lever gear 12- exhaust cam 13- row
Gas tappet 13A- is vented tappet chamber 14- and is vented lifting body 15- exhaust spring 16- exhasut valve stem 16A- exhaust valve rod cavity
Exhaust outlet 18- exhaust tappet rod guide 19- exhaust lubrication in the outer exhaust duct 17B- air release valve hole 17C- of 17- exhaust pipe 17A-
Oilhole 20- is vented tappet rack gear 21- exhasut valve stem gear 22- valve body 23- expansion cylinder 24- prime mover 25- connecting rod
Specific embodiment
To further appreciate that the contents of the present invention, feature and effect, with following specific embodiments, what the present invention will be described in detail
Technical solution:
A kind of intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine, for controlling expansion cylinder 23 in piston expansion engine
The opening and closing of inlet and outlet valve, expansion cylinder 23 are connected on the crankshaft 1 of prime mover 24 by connecting rod 25, and crankshaft 1 is prime mover 24
Output shaft；The intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine includes the valve body 22 being embedded on 23 cylinder cap of expansion cylinder；Valve body
There are the air inlet laid parallel control cavity body structure and gas exhaust inspecting cavity body structure on 22, be connected to respectively with the inside of expansion cylinder 23,
And it is connected to respectively by the air flue being parallel in the two side walls of 1 rotation axis of crankshaft on valve body 22 with outside；；It further include one end
It is slidably connected in air inlet control cavity body structure, the other end is connected to inlet control mechanism at 1 terminal of crankshaft；It further include one end
It is slidably connected in gas exhaust inspecting cavity body structure, the other end is connected at 1 terminal of crankshaft, misplace laying with inlet control mechanism
Gas exhaust inspecting mechanism；
Air inlet control cavity body structure includes the outer of deep hole shape laying on a side wall of valve body 22, being connected to outside
Air intake duct 7A；Interior air intake duct 7C that bottom surface one end in expansion cylinder 23 is laid, with external admission road 7A perforation is embedded in valve body 22；
In valve body 22, perpendicular to the axis of external admission road 7A and interior air intake duct 7C constitute plane and pass orthogonally through interior air intake duct 7C
Position on, be laid with deep hole shape intake valve rod cavity 6A；In the bottom surface of the other end of the valve body 22 far from expansion cylinder 23, it is laid with depth
Poroid inlet ram chamber 3A；Inlet ram chamber 3A dislocation runs through intake valve rod cavity 6A, and is provided with inlet ram rach slot；Exhaust
Control cavity body structure includes the outer exhaust duct 17A of deep hole shape laying in the opposing sidewalls of valve body 22, being connected to outside；?
Valve body 22 is embedded in interior exhaust duct 17C that bottom surface one end in expansion cylinder 23 is laid, with outer exhaust duct 17A perforation；In valve body 22
It is interior, perpendicular to exhaust plane, and pass through interior exhaust duct 17C axis position on, be laid with deep hole shape exhaust valve rod cavity 16A；?
The bottom surface of the other end of the valve body 22 far from expansion cylinder 23 is laid with the exhaust tappet chamber 13A of deep hole shape；It is wrong to be vented tappet chamber 13A
Exhaust valve rod cavity 16A is run through in position, and is provided with exhaust tappet rach slot.
Inlet control mechanism includes the air inlet valve lever 6 being slidably matched with intake valve rod cavity 6A；Air inlet valve lever 6 is in air inlet plane
Place is laid with the inlet valve hole 7B with external admission road 7A and the interior matched perforation of air intake duct 7C, and when connection forms air inlet pipe 7；Air inlet
On valve rod 6, misplaces at orthogonal circumference with inlet ram chamber 3A, be laid with air inlet valve lever gear 11；With air inlet valve lever gear 11
The inlet ram rack gear 10 of perpendicular engagement is located on inlet ram 3；Inlet ram 3 is slidably matched with inlet ram chamber 3A, top
Between end and inlet ram chamber 3A blind hole cecum, it is laid with air inlet spring 5；Intersect with the air inlet valve lever 6 dislocation the upper half
Part opens up inlet ram rack gear 10, and it is convex to be connected with the air inlet being mounted at 1 terminal of crankshaft via air inlet lifting body 4 for lower end
Wheel 2；Gas exhaust inspecting mechanism includes the exhasut valve stem 16 being slidably matched with exhaust valve rod cavity 16A, and exhasut valve stem 16 is in exhaust plane
Place is laid with and outer exhaust duct 17A and interior exhaust duct 17C be matched, air release valve hole 17B of perforation, and when connection forms exhaust pipe
17；On exhasut valve stem 16, misplaces at orthogonal circumference with exhaust tappet chamber 13A, be laid with exhasut valve stem gear 21；With exhaust valve
The exhaust tappet rack gear 20 of the perpendicular engagement of bar gear 21 is located on exhaust tappet 13；It is vented tappet 13 and exhaust tappet chamber 13A
It is slidably matched, between top and the exhaust tappet chamber 13A blind hole cecum, is laid with exhaust spring 15, the upper half and exhaust valve
The part of the dislocation intersection of bar 16, offers exhaust tappet rack gear 20, and end is connected with via exhaust lifting body 14 and is mounted on song
Exhaust cam 12 at 1 terminal of axis.
Air inlet lifting body 4 and exhaust lifting body 14 are idler wheel mechanism, respectively air inlet idler wheel and exhaust idler wheel；Air inlet
Idler wheel and exhaust idler wheel pass through respectively rolling bearing be fixed on inlet ram 3 and exhaust tappet 13 on, and respectively with admission cam 2
Section contact is being rolled with exhaust cam 12.
Inlet ram 3 is set in the part outside valve body 22 to be installed at expanding machine inner casing, for limiting inlet ram 3
In the inlet ram conduit 8 moved above and below；Part of the exhaust tappet 13 outside valve body 22, which is set in, is installed in expanding machine inner casing
Locate and is used to limit in the exhaust tappet rod guide 18 that exhaust tappet 13 moves above and below.
Inlet ram 3 and exhaust tappet 13 are located at expansion cylinder 23 with identical angle respectively in respective working face
The two sides for the plane that center line and 1 rotational axis line of crankshaft are constituted.
10 ° of angle=.
Air inlet spring 5 when air inlet lifting body 4 is in contact with the basic circle face of admission cam 2 in the raw；Exhaust
Spring 15 be vented lifting body 14 be in contact with the basic circle face of exhaust cam 12 when in the raw.
Effective rack gear length of inlet ram rack gear 10 and exhaust tappet rack gear 20 is convex at least equal to corresponding air inlet respectively
The lift of wheel 2 and exhaust cam 12；Inlet ram rack gear 10 and exhaust tappet rack gear 20 number of effective actual teeth, at least with air inlet valve lever
6 and exhasut valve stem 16 be respectively rotated by 90 ° the number of teeth that corresponding air inlet valve lever gear 11 and exhasut valve stem gear 21 are rotated through
It is equal.
It is laid with several in valve body 22, the air inlet oil leab 9 that valve-rod cavity 6A is endured in air inlet is led to by outside, and at least
One air inlet oil leab 9 leads to inlet ram chamber 3A；It is laid with several in valve body 22, exhaust very valve-rod cavity is led to by outside
The exhaust oil leab 19 of 16A, and at least one exhaust oil leab 19 leads to exhaust tappet chamber 13A.
The axis of interior air inlet pipe 7C, inside exhaust pipe 17C on the same valve body 22, the axis pair relative to expansion cylinder 23
Claim, and is located in the same plane vertical with 1 center of rotation of crankshaft.
With reference to the accompanying drawing 1~8, more specifically specific embodiment is described in detail:
One piston expansion engine, crankshaft 1 have prime mover 24 (using motor in this example) driving；Expand cylinder top cover
It is fixed with valve body 22；1 lateral of crankshaft of expanding machine simultaneously adds admission cam 2 and exhaust cam 12；In valve body 22 be equipped with into
Gas tappet chamber 3A and exhaust tappet chamber 13A is respectively equipped with inlet ram 3, the exhaust tappet 13 of partial insertion；Inlet ram 3, row
Gas tappet 13 (selects the rolling connected by rolling bearing by air inlet lifting body 4, exhaust lifting body 14 respectively in this example
Wheel) it is contacted with admission cam 2, exhaust cam 12；Inlet ram 3 is vented tappet 13 and is respectively adopted and is fixed on expanding machine body
Inlet ram conduit 8, exhaust tappet rod guide 18 moves it and constrains；In valve body 22 be equipped with respectively with inlet ram chamber 3A
Tappet chamber 13A serrated vertical and there are partially communicating intake valve rod cavity 6A and exhaust valve rod cavity 16A with exhaust, sets respectively wherein
There are air inlet valve lever 6 and exhasut valve stem 16；Inlet ram 3, the inlet ram rack gear 10 on exhaust tappet 13, exhaust tappet rack gear
20, it is engaged in is fixed on air inlet valve lever 6, the air inlet valve lever gear 11 on exhasut valve stem 16, exhasut valve stem gear 21 respectively.Air inlet
Tappet 3, exhaust 13 above section of tappet are connected to inlet ram chamber 3A, exhaust tappet by air inlet spring 5, exhaust spring 15 respectively
At the top of chamber 13A, spring 5,15 is all made of pressure spring；Air inlet valve lever 6, exhasut valve stem 16 are constrained on intake valve rod cavity 6A, exhaust valve
In rod cavity 16A, it can only be rotated around its axle center.
Run to air inlet angle when admission cam 2 is rotated with crankshaft 1, i.e., when admission cam 2 is high-order, inlet ram 3 by
It rises to its high position by the promotion of air inlet lifting body 4, and air inlet spring 5 will be compressed at this time, while make inlet ram
Rack gear 10 push air inlet valve lever gear 11, so that air inlet valve lever 6 is rolled to special angle, at this time inlet valve hole 7B will rotate into
External admission road 7A, the interior air intake duct 7C matched is connected, to form the air inlet pipe 7 inside and outside connection expansion cylinder 23, opens air inlet
Journey.When admission cam 2 with crankshaft 1 rotate and run to non-air inlet angle, i.e., 2 low level of admission cam when, air inlet spring 5 will be from pressure
Contracting state is restored, so that inlet ram 3 be pushed to return to low level, while air inlet valve lever 6 being made to be rolled to original angle, at this time intake valve
Hole 7B will rotate into the angle with matched external admission road 7A, interior air intake duct 7C no longer connection, to cut off connection expansion cylinder 23
Inside and outside air inlet pipe 7 closes intake process.Exhaust process and intake process are similarly.
Inlet ram 3, the inlet ram rack gear 10 for being vented tappet 13, exhaust tappet rack gear 20 and corresponding air inlet valve lever
Preferably engagement property is needed between gear 11, exhasut valve stem gear 21, to guarantee that air inlet valve lever 6, exhasut valve stem 16 can be with
Admission cam 2, exhaust cam 12 are rotated and are accurately turned to.Effective tine length of inlet ram rack gear 10 and exhaust tappet rack gear 20
Respectively not less than the lift of corresponding admission cam 2 and exhaust cam 12, so that the stability for engagement system retains centainly
Surplus；The number of teeth of the lift for corresponding to admission cam 2 and exhaust cam 12 of inlet ram rack gear 10 and exhaust tappet rack gear 20,
It is equal that the corresponding rotation number of teeth should be respectively rotated by 90 ° with air inlet valve lever gear 11 and exhasut valve stem gear 21 respectively, in this way
The quick rotation that inlet valve hole 7B, air release valve hole 17B may be implemented keeps the opening and closing process of inlet and outlet valve more accurate sensitive, together
When reduce the leakage phenomenon that may occur when valve is closed, and the movement warp that attenuation systems generate after by mechanical oscillation is steady to system
Qualitative possible influence.Therefore, tappet inlet ram rack gear 10, exhaust tappet rack gear 20 and air inlet valve lever gear 11, row
The parameters and air inlet valve lever 6 of air valve stem gear 21, the radius of exhasut valve stem 16 need accurate when actual design is applied
It calculates.
Since power pressure is larger before expanding, intake process needs are relatively rapid, made with preventing from entering excessive high-pressure working medium
It obtains working medium to be unable to fully expand, therefore the angle of the lift part of admission cam 2 is less than angle shared by its base circle portion.Due to
Power pressure is smaller after expansion, and exhaust process needs passive realization, so that the angle of the lift part of exhaust cam 12 is bright
The angle of the aobvious lift part for being longer than admission cam 2, should occupy the half or so of cam total angle.Simultaneously as work after expansion
Plastid product increases, and bigger space is needed quickly to flow out, while being reduction exhaust resistance, avoids generating additional restriction loss,
The diameter of 17 each section of exhaust pipe should be greater than air inlet pipe 7.
The operating frequency for expanding machine crankshaft 1 is usually very high, therefore it is required that air inlet valve lever 6, exhasut valve stem 16 operate rapidly, fortune
Cannot be stuck because of oil starvation when dynamic, also there is very high leakproofness.Inlet ram 3, exhaust tappet 13 and air inlet valve lever 6, exhaust
Valve rod 16, and high-precision cooperation and sealing are needed between valve body 22, it is wanted in the rubbing surface of each axis, hole, rack gear, gear
There is the supplement of lubricating oil.Inlet ram 3, the lower part for being vented tappet 13 pass through idler wheel (air inlet lifting body 4, exhaust lifting body
14) cooperate with admission cam 2, exhaust cam 12, it is also necessary to have good lubrication.Valve body 22 has at least two oil leabs
(air inlet oil leab 9, exhaust oil leab 19), respectively inlet ram 3, exhaust tappet 13 provide lubricating oil, lubricating oil edge
Inlet ram 3, exhaust tappet 13 flow, while can be to air inlet valve lever 6, exhasut valve stem 16 and tappet roller (air inlet jacking
Mechanism 4, exhaust lifting body 14) etc. components provide lubrication and sealing function.
Optionally, valve body 22 can be designed as the split type structure connected and composed by valve body 22 and valve deck 25, such as attached drawing 8
It is shown.In this case, valve deck 25 is fixed on valve body 22 for the opposite direction of 23 direction of expansion cylinder, in valve body 22 into
Gas tappet chamber 3A, exhaust tappet chamber 13A will be designed as through-hole, air inlet spring 5, exhaust spring 15 before the fixed installation of valve deck 25,
It is put into inlet ram chamber 3A, exhaust tappet chamber 13A, other structures design and connection are consistent with the technical solution without valve deck 25.
This scheme will be such that each components of equipment are more easily manufactured to process and have and be easy to carry out trouble hunting, but may will increase high pressure gas
The risk of body refrigerant leakage.
The above are the descriptions carried out to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific realities
Apply mode.Above-mentioned preferred embodiment is only illustrative, and is not restrictive.Those skilled in the art are in this hair
Under bright enlightenment, essence of the invention is not being departed from, the specific transformation of many forms can also be made.These belong to of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (11)
1. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of a kind of piston expansion engine, for controlling expansion cylinder in the piston expansion engine
(23) opening and closing of inlet and outlet valve, the expansion cylinder (23) are connected to the song of external prime mover (24) by connecting rod (25)
On axis (1), the crankshaft (1) is the output shaft of described prime mover (24)；
It is characterized by:
Including the valve body (22) being embedded on expansion cylinder (23) cylinder cap；There is the air inlet laid parallel control on the valve body (22)
Cavity body structure and gas exhaust inspecting cavity body structure are connected to the inside of the expansion cylinder (23) respectively, and pass through the valve body respectively
(22) air flue being parallel in the two side walls of the crankshaft (1) rotation axis on is connected to outside；
It further include that one end is movably connected in air inlet control cavity body structure, the other end touches the air inlets of admission cam (2)
Control mechanism；The admission cam (2) is laid near the crankshaft (1) terminal；
It further include that one end is movably connected in the gas exhaust inspecting cavity body structure, the other end touches the exhausts of exhaust cam (12)
Control mechanism；The exhaust cam (12) is connected near the crankshaft (1) terminal, misplaces and lays with the admission cam (2).
2. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine as described in claim 1,
It is characterized by:
The air inlet controls deep hole laying on the side wall that cavity body structure includes the valve body (22), being connected to outside
The external admission road (7A) of shape is embedded in that bottom surface one end in the expansion cylinder (23) is laid and described outer in the valve body (22)
Air intake duct (7A) vertically through interior air intake duct (7C)；In the valve body (22), perpendicular to the external admission road (7A) and interior
Plane that the axis of air intake duct (7C) is constituted and pass orthogonally through on the position of the interior air intake duct (7C), be laid with deep hole shape into
Air valve rod cavity (6A)；The valve body (22) far from the expansion cylinder (23) the other end bottom surface, be laid with deep hole shape into
Gas tappet chamber (3A), inlet ram chamber (3A) dislocation run through the intake valve rod cavity (6A)；
The gas exhaust inspecting cavity body structure includes side wall opposite with the external admission road position (7A) on the valve body (22)
Upper laying, the outer exhaust duct (17A) of deep hole shape that be connected to outside, it is interior to be embedded in the expansion cylinder (23) in the valve body (22)
Bottom surface one end lay, with the outer exhaust duct (17A) vertically through interior exhaust duct (17C)；In the valve body (22),
Perpendicular to the axis of the outer exhaust duct (17A) and interior exhaust duct (17C) constitute plane and pass orthogonally through the interior exhaust duct
On the position of (17C), it is laid with deep hole shape exhaust valve rod cavity (16A)；In the valve body (22) far from the expansion cylinder (23)
The bottom surface of the other end is laid with the exhaust tappet chamber (13A) of deep hole shape；Exhaust tappet chamber (13A) dislocation runs through exhaust valve
Rod cavity (16A).
3. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine as claimed in claim 2,
It is characterized by:
The inlet control mechanism includes the air inlet valve lever (6) with intake valve rod cavity (6A) rotatable engagement；The intake valve
Bar (6) be laid at the air inlet plane with the external admission road (7A) and interior air intake duct (7C) it is matched, perforation air inlet
Valve opening (7B) forms air inlet gas circuit when connection；It is orthogonal with inlet ram chamber (3A) dislocation on the air inlet valve lever (6)
At circumference, it is laid with air inlet valve lever gear (11)；The inlet ram (3) is slidably matched with the inlet ram chamber (3A),
Air inlet spring (5) are laid between at the top of top and the inlet ram chamber (3A), it is wrong in the upper half and the air inlet valve lever (6)
Position intersection part, be laid with the inlet ram rack gear (10) being meshed with the air inlet valve lever gear (11), lower end via
Air inlet lifting body (4) touches the admission cam (2)；
The gas exhaust inspecting mechanism includes the exhasut valve stem (16) being slidably matched with the exhaust valve rod cavity (16A), the exhaust
Valve rod (16) is laid with matched, perforation with the outer exhaust duct (17A) and interior exhaust duct (17C) at the exhaust plane
Air release valve hole (17B) forms exhaust gas circuit when connection；On exhasut valve stem (16), it is orthogonal with exhaust tappet chamber (13A) dislocation
Circumference at, be laid with exhasut valve stem gear (21)；The exhaust tappet chamber (13A) and the exhaust tappet chamber (13A) are slided
Cooperation is laid with exhaust spring (15) between top and the exhaust tappet chamber (13A) top, in the upper half and the exhaust
The part of valve rod (16) dislocation intersection, offers the exhaust tappet rack gear being meshed with the exhasut valve stem gear (21)
(20), the exhaust cam (12) are touched via exhaust lifting body (14) in lower end.
4. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: it is described into
Gas lifting body (4) and exhaust lifting body (14) are idler wheel mechanism, correspond to air inlet idler wheel and exhaust idler wheel；The air inlet rolling
Wheel and exhaust idler wheel by corresponding rolling bearing be fixed on the inlet ram (3) and be vented tappet (13) on, and with it is corresponding
The admission cam (2) and exhaust cam (12) roll section contact.
5. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the air inlet
Tappet (3) is set in the part of the valve body (22) outside to be installed at the expanding machine inner casing, endures for limiting the air inlet
In the inlet ram conduit (8) that bar (3) moves above and below；Exhaust tappet (13) is set in the part of the valve body (22) outside
In the exhaust tappet rod guide for being installed at the expanding machine inner casing and being moved above and below for limiting exhaust tappet (13)
(18) in.
6. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the air inlet
Tappet (3) and the exhaust tappet (13) in respective working face, are located at the connecting rod (25) respectively with identical angle
The two sides for the plane that center line and the crankshaft (1) rotational axis line are constituted.
7. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the angle
≤100。
8. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the air inlet
Spring (5) when the air inlet lifting body (4) is in contact with the basic circle face of the admission cam (2) in the raw；Institute
Exhaust spring (15) is stated when exhaust lifting body (14) is in contact with the basic circle face of the exhaust cam (12) in certainly
Right state.
9. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the air inlet
Tappet rack gear (10) and effective rack gear length of exhaust tappet rack gear (20) are respectively at least equal to the corresponding admission cam (2)
With the lift of the exhaust cam (12), number of effective actual teeth is at least respective with the air inlet valve lever (6) and the exhasut valve stem (16)
It is equal to be rotated by 90 ° the number of teeth that corresponding the air inlet valve lever gear (11) and the exhasut valve stem gear (21) are rotated through.
10. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: described
It is laid with several in valve body (22), the air inlet oil leab (9) that valve-rod cavity (6A) is endured in the air inlet is led to by outside, and at least
One air inlet oil leab (9) leads to the inlet ram chamber (3A)；Several are laid with by outer in the valve body (22)
Lead to the exhaust oil leab (19) that valve-rod cavity (16A) is endured in the exhaust in portion, and an at least exhaust oil leab
(19) lead to the exhaust tappet chamber (13A).
11. the intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: same institute
The axis for stating the interior air inlet pipe (7C) on valve body (22), the inside exhaust pipe (17C), relative to the expansion cylinder (23)
Axisymmetrical, and be located in the same plane vertical with the crankshaft (1) center of rotation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910359064.3A CN109958477A (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | A kind of intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910359064.3A CN109958477A (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | A kind of intake and exhaust Machinery Control System of piston expansion engine |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE390518C (en) * | 1924-02-20 | Frederick Lamplough | Rotary slide control with rack and pinion drive for internal combustion engines | |
| CN2596021Y (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2003-12-31 | 浙江大学 | Rotating valve air taking-in and exhaust mechanism of pneumatic automobile engine |
| JP2006316681A (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Internal combustion engine |
| WO2011145699A1 (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Fukuyanagi Hisayoshi | One-cycle engine |
| CN103334796A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-02 | 包头市爱能控制工程有限责任公司 | Piston type electronic control distribution engine and application thereof |
| CN210396818U (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-04-24 | 天津大学 | Air inlet and exhaust mechanical control system of piston type expansion machine |
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2019
- 2019-04-30 CN CN201910359064.3A patent/CN109958477A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE390518C (en) * | 1924-02-20 | Frederick Lamplough | Rotary slide control with rack and pinion drive for internal combustion engines | |
| CN2596021Y (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2003-12-31 | 浙江大学 | Rotating valve air taking-in and exhaust mechanism of pneumatic automobile engine |
| JP2006316681A (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Internal combustion engine |
| WO2011145699A1 (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Fukuyanagi Hisayoshi | One-cycle engine |
| CN103334796A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-02 | 包头市爱能控制工程有限责任公司 | Piston type electronic control distribution engine and application thereof |
| CN210396818U (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-04-24 | 天津大学 | Air inlet and exhaust mechanical control system of piston type expansion machine |
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