CN109958095A - 一种水利工程抗冻挡土墙体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种水利工程抗冻挡土墙体,属于建筑领域。抗冻挡土墙体包括依次布置的墙本体、保护层、保温层、抗冻层。其中,墙本体设置有承压杆,且内部形成有蜂窝状空腔、耐压颗粒物。保护层包括由带肋钢筋焊接固定而成的金属网,金属网的网格节点连接有相对布置且远离金属网伸出的固定爪。保温层由聚氨酯浇筑而成。本发明提供的抗冻挡土墙体制作方便,生产成本低,抗冻性强,强度高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及种植领域,具体而言,涉及一种水利工程抗冻挡土墙体。
背景技术
在雨季泛滥的时期,为了抵抗洪水需要设防洪堤。目前,防洪堤主要是采用土堆堆砌而成,其防洪抗渗效果较差,使用稳定性和使用寿命不佳,且存在安全性问题,难以满足市场的需求,尤其是在冰雪气候条件下,渗水和低温的结合对防洪堤的破坏更强烈。
发明内容
在本发明提供的水利工程抗冻挡土墙体,使用寿命长,抗冻、防渗性能佳。
本发明是这样实现的:
水利工程抗冻挡土墙体包括依次布置的墙本体、保护层、保温层、抗冻层。
其中,墙本体设置有多个三角形承压杆,三角形承压杆限定的三角区域内形成有蜂窝状空腔,蜂窝状空腔内填充有耐压颗粒物;保护层包括由带肋钢筋焊接固定而成的金属网,金属网的网格节点连接有相对布置且远离金属网伸出的固定爪;
保温层由聚氨酯浇筑而成,保温层包括被独立地制备的多个保温区块,多个保温区块以相邻两个保温区块之间形成间隙的方式拼接成保温层,保温层被包裹在耐碱布;
抗冻层由抗冻砖砌成,并且在背离保温层的一面覆盖有橡胶防渗材料,抗冻层内设置有能够在通电时产热的电热丝,电热丝的表面具有石墨烯涂层,电热丝由电源供电,电源包括设置在保温层和抗冻层之间的压电片;
抗冻砖通过以下方式制备而成:
准备按照重量份数计的以下原料:矿渣30~40份、水泥30~35份、河沙25~30份、陶瓷颗粒70~85份、羟乙基甲基纤维素1-2份、水玻璃粉2-4份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1-3份;
粉碎矿渣、河沙、陶瓷颗粒,水洗、浮选去除悬浮物,经烘干后过200目筛,取筛下物,室温条件下自然陈化5-10天得到陈化料;
将陈化料与水玻璃、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以及羟乙基甲基纤维素拌匀,再与水泥在混料筒中混合,洒水形成湿润状态,静置10~15分钟得到熟料;
利用熟料浇筑成型,30~50MPa模压保持5~12分钟,焙烧,温度梯度如下:以10~20℃/分钟速度升温至100℃并保温半小时,分别在600℃、800℃、1200℃下保温2小时,炉内自然冷却。
上述方案的有益效果:
水利工程抗冻挡土墙体至少具有以下优点。
1、建造工艺简单,利用廉价原料,生产成本低。
2、原料环保,对生态环境的破坏下。
3、抗冻性强,强度高、质地细密,耐磨损。
4、能在低温条件下长期使用,施工适应性强。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的抗冻挡土墙体的结构示意图;
图2示出了图1例提供的抗冻挡土墙体中的墙本体的结构示意图。
图标:100-抗冻挡土墙体;105-墙本体;104-保护层;103-保温层;102-抗冻层;501-承压杆;502-蜂窝状空腔。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
参阅图1和图2。
水利工程抗冻挡土墙体100包括依次布置的墙本体105、保护层104、保温层103、抗冻层102。各层的厚度可以根据具体的设计要求进行选择。各层的材料和制作方法通过以下方式被限定。
其中,墙本体105为矩形结构。墙本体105设置有多个三角形承压杆501,承压杆501由钢筋焊接而成。三角形承压杆501限定的三角区域内,并且在三角形区域内形成有蜂窝状空腔502,空腔是中空六棱柱密堆积焊接的管阵列形成。蜂窝状空腔502内填充有耐压颗粒物,如石英砂、珍珠岩、釉化大颗粒。
保护层104包括由带肋钢筋焊接固定而成的金属网,金属网的网格节点连接有相对布置且远离金属网伸出的固定爪。保护层104是作为中间连接件,从而提高墙本体105和保温层103之间的连接牢固性。固定爪能够提高摩擦力,从而可以增加墙本体105和保温层103之间的相对运动阻力。
保温层103由聚氨酯浇筑而成。保温层103是由多个区域组合而成。具体,保温层103包括被独立地制备的多个保温区块。多个保温区块以相邻两个保温区块之间形成间隙的方式拼接成保温层103,保温层103被包裹在耐碱布。
抗冻层102由抗冻砖砌成。在抗冻层102背离保温层103的一面覆盖有橡胶防渗材料。
抗冻砖砌抗冻层102时,相邻两个所述抗冻砖之间形成有沥青,且作为粘结剂和柔性缓冲材料。
抗冻层内设置有能够在通电时产热的电热丝。电热丝能够发热产生热量,从而在一定程度上实现对抗冻砖进行加热的效果。换言之,电热丝产生热的温度对抗冻砖加热,避免抗冻砖低温条件下的损坏问题,也能够在一定程度缓解其冻结的情况。
作为提高传热的作用,电热丝的表面具有石墨烯涂层。石墨烯涂层有利于热量在抗冻砖内的传递,促进其热均匀性,避免冷热不均产生皲裂的问题。
电热丝由电源供电,且电源包括设置在保温层和抗冻层之间的压电片。如此,当墙体受到洪峰或泥石流等自然环境物体的冲击或挤压时,压电片可以基于压电效应产生一定的电能,从而可以由此向电热丝供电,以便电热丝产热。
为了蓄积电能,还可以陪蓄电池,以便在适当的情况下蓄积由压电片产生的电能,以备使用。另外,为了更稳定地利用压电片产生的电能,还可以配备整流电路、稳压电路,并结合电压检测电路、单片机、变压器等进行电能调整,以便电热丝获得稳定的电能(如电压稳定),从而平衡地产生。或者,还可片配合设置温度传感器,以获取环境温度。温度传感器和单片机配合。电源可以平时(非寒冷气候条件)通过压电片产生电能,并由蓄电池储电。当温度传感器反馈给单片机的环境温度低于预设的阈值时,单片机可以控制使电源能够向电热丝供电,从而实现电能的均衡使用和按需使用,避免电能的浪费和不足的问题。或者,也可以根据需要,选用现有或发明人已知的各种基于压电效应材料(如压电陶瓷)的供电装置。
通过以上的方式,墙体受到的挤压作用可以转化为热能来提高墙体的防冻性能,具有较好的综合性能。
抗冻砖通过以下方式制备而成:
准备按照重量份数计的以下原料:矿渣30~40份、水泥30~35份、河沙25~30份、陶瓷颗粒70~85份、羟乙基甲基纤维素1-2份、水玻璃粉2-4份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1-3份。
粉碎矿渣、河沙、陶瓷颗粒,水洗、浮选去除悬浮物,经烘干后过200目筛,取筛下物,室温条件下自然陈化5-10天得到陈化料。
将陈化料与水玻璃、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以及羟乙基甲基纤维素拌匀,再与水泥在混料筒中混合,洒水形成湿润状态,静置10~15分钟得到熟料;
利用熟料浇筑成型,30~50MPa模压保持5~12分钟,焙烧,温度梯度如下:以10~20℃/分钟速度升温至100℃并保温半小时,分别在600℃、800℃、1200℃下保温2小时,炉内自然冷却。
进一步地,使熟料浇筑成型之前,熟料中混合减水剂,减水剂的用量为熟料重量的1~2wt%。其中,减水剂包括萘系减水剂、氨基磺酸盐减水剂、聚羧酸减水剂中的任一种。
在本发明较佳的实例中,浇筑熟料采用的模具采用矩形金属框架,且矩形金属框架中固定有轴线相互平行的多个中空防腐管。
进一步,作为一种改进方案,抗冻砖的制作原料中还含有用量为水泥用量的30~40%的粉煤灰,且粉煤灰是在制备熟料的步骤中与羟乙基甲基纤维素预混合而被引入的。
换言之,粉煤灰与羟乙基甲基纤维素预先混合,然后在制备抗冻砖的过程中,粉煤灰与羟乙基甲基纤维素作为一体的混合物而与陈化料与水玻璃、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮混合拌匀。
在实践中发明人还出人意料地发现,通过上述的方式引入粉煤灰对抗冻砖的抗冻效果起到了促进作用。普通的认知中,掺加粉煤灰后,水泥的前期强度,尤其是表面强度减低,因此,在冻融循环过程中表面容易剥落。另外,粉煤灰会细化(增加)水泥内部孔隙,同时会降低水泥空隙内的水的冰点,使侵蚀改变为渗透压侵蚀。而孔隙增加、侵蚀方式的改变会增加冻融破坏,引起抗冻融侵蚀能力较低。
然而,在本实施例中,水玻璃、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟乙基甲基纤维素具有增稠的作用可以使粉煤灰的空隙增加作用被削弱,并且可以使形成网络、交联体系,从而对抗冻砖内的孔隙起到填充、掩蔽作用,更不易浸润水。此外,粉煤灰被约束在抗冻砖内部,堆积更加紧密,体积变化小。基于以上,通过引入粉煤灰不仅利用了废料,还使抗冻钻的抗冻融性能提高。
抗冻挡土墙体制作方法的如下:
首先在制备墙本体105,并且依次形成保护层104、保温层103、抗冻层102。其中,墙本体105、保护层104均采用预制件,保温层现场制作,抗冻层102中的抗冻砖预制,在现场通过沥青连接固定。
按照所述结构制作的抗冻挡土墙体的性质如下:
按照50cm*50cm的面积截取实验墙体。墙体表面完整,无明显裂纹,无泛霜,敲击声音清脆。
温度-30℃使用1年,无起粉,掉屑现象。抗冻性强度损失5%;温度-10℃使用五年,略有起粉,掉屑现象,裂纹增加10条,裂纹短浅,抗冻性强度损失13%;吸水率9%;抗压强度达到MU2.0;收缩值0.08mm/m;抗渗性9mm。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种水利工程抗冻挡土墙体,其特征在于,包括依次布置的墙本体、保护层、保温层、抗冻层;
其中,所述墙本体设置有多个三角形承压杆,所述三角形承压杆限定的三角区域内形成有蜂窝状空腔,所述蜂窝状空腔内填充有耐压颗粒物;所述保护层包括由带肋钢筋焊接固定而成的金属网,所述金属网的网格节点连接有相对布置且远离所述金属网伸出的固定爪;
所述保温层由聚氨酯浇筑而成,所述保温层包括被独立地制备的多个保温区块,所述多个保温区块以相邻两个所述保温区块之间形成间隙的方式拼接成所述保温层,所述保温层被包裹在耐碱布;
所述抗冻层由抗冻砖砌成,并且在背离所述保温层的一面覆盖有橡胶防渗材料,所述抗冻层内设置有能够在通电时产热的电热丝,所述电热丝的表面具有石墨烯涂层,所述电热丝由所述电源供电,所述电源包括设置在所述保温层和所述抗冻层之间的压电片;
所述抗冻砖通过以下方式制备而成:
准备按照重量份数计的以下原料:矿渣30~40份、水泥30~35份、河沙25~30份、陶瓷颗粒70~85份、羟乙基甲基纤维素1-2份、水玻璃粉2-4份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1-3份;
粉碎所述矿渣、所述河沙、所述陶瓷颗粒,水洗、浮选去除悬浮物,经烘干后过200目筛,取筛下物,室温条件下自然陈化5-10天得到陈化料;
将所述陈化料与水玻璃、所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以及所述羟乙基甲基纤维素拌匀,再与所述水泥在混料筒中混合,洒水形成湿润状态,静置10~15分钟得到熟料;
利用所述熟料浇筑成型,30~50MPa模压保持5~12分钟,焙烧,温度梯度如下:以10~20℃/分钟速度升温至100℃并保温半小时,分别在600℃、800℃、1200℃下保温2小时,炉内自然冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水利工程抗冻挡土墙体,其特征在于,使所述熟料浇筑成型之前,所述熟料中混合有减水剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水利工程抗冻挡土墙体,其特征在于,所述减水剂包括萘系减水剂、氨基磺酸盐减水剂、聚羧酸减水剂中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的水利工程抗冻挡土墙体,其特征在于,浇筑所述熟料采用的模具为矩形金属框架,且所述矩形金属框架中固定有轴线相互平行的多个中空防腐管。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水利工程抗冻挡土墙体,其特征在于,在利用所述抗冻砖砌成所述抗冻层的步骤中,相邻两个所述抗冻砖之间形成有沥青。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水利工程抗冻挡土墙体,其特征在于,所述抗冻砖的制作原料中还含有用量为水泥用量的30~40%的粉煤灰,且所述粉煤灰是在制备熟料的步骤中与羟乙基甲基纤维素预混合而被引入的。
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