CN109955545B - 一种耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材 - Google Patents
一种耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,由上、下层面板及中间蜂窝芯板层复合而成,所述蜂窝芯板由空心正六棱柱的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成,蜂窝单元的边长为L,蜂窝芯板的制作原料包括基础材料和耐高温添加料,耐高温添加料粒径R与蜂窝单元的边长L(mm)的比值为A=R/L,所述耐高温添加料占所述制作原料的质量百分数W与蜂窝单元的边长L(mm)比值为B=W/L,设置合适的A、B数值范围使耐高温热塑性蜂窝板在80℃力学性能弯曲性能保有率在70%以上,能够在高温环境使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,尤其涉及一种在80℃力学性能弯曲性能保有率在70%以上的热塑性蜂窝板材。
背景技术
板材作为日常生活中的一种基本材料,遍布我们的居住、工作、交通等各个环境场合中,板材技术也不断地在朝节能、环保和高效方面发展,包括蜂窝板在内的多孔板作为一类夹芯结构芯材,具有轻质及优异的力学性能,已被广泛的应用于汽车航运、建筑工程等各个领域。早期的夹芯板的芯层多为纸蜂窝。纸蜂窝夹芯板的典型优势是高温承载性能优异,高温下性能无衰减,但是其也有本身强度很低,不耐潮湿且容易老化,且防火防腐蚀性能较差等的缺点,尤其是纸蜂窝夹芯板在生产过程中需通过热塑性胶黏剂或热固性树脂,实现三明治夹芯结构的面层和纸蜂窝芯的粘接,产品的气味和有害物质含量超标,不能符合国家相关法规规定,同时产品的回收再利用率低。玻璃钢蜂窝板,材质比较脆,韧性低而冲击强度低、易老化;铝蜂窝板由铝蜂窝芯和铝合金面板胶结而成,铝蜂窝常用铝箔制成,质软强度低,常需要较厚的铝合金面板来提供强度和刚度,这样就增加了蜂窝板的重量,也不能够达到节约材料的目的。而热塑性芯材(聚丙烯PP、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET、聚乙烯PE、聚酰胺PA或聚氨酯PU材料)因为质量轻、强度大、韧性好等特性脱颖而出,越来越多的被开发利用。即使在一些高温工作环境下,也需要采用热塑性芯材作为材料(如经常暴晒的汽车内饰件等),但热塑性蜂窝夹芯板在高温下的力学性能衰减明显,衰减幅度达到50%以上,在高温环境下极易老化、损害,影响使用、生产,还造成安全隐患。因此,提供一种质量轻、强度大、韧性好,无毒、无味、可回收并且能够耐高温的热塑性蜂窝芯板成为了本领域的迫切需要。
专利201610513726.4公开了一种以纸蜂窝芯为芯层的夹芯板的应用。该夹芯板采用纸蜂窝芯,且面层为聚氨酯胶浸渍的玻璃纤维毡制品,其制备方法为:将两张玻璃纤维毡平铺,其中玻璃纤维毡与蜂窝纸芯接触的面朝上放置,对玻璃纤维毡均匀喷涂聚氨酯胶。该方法的气味虽然优于木纤维板或麻纤维板,但仍然满足不了汽车内饰件和其他对气味要求严格的产品的要求。
专利201621067499.9公开了一种PP芯层的蜂窝板,该产品在高温下的弯曲性能衰减约50%。无法满足客户对产品高温下的力学性能要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术中蜂窝板材的各种缺陷,提供一种质量轻、强度大、韧性好,无毒、无味、可回收并且能够耐高温的热塑性蜂窝板材,其在80℃弯曲性能保有率在70%以上。测试标准是GBT 1456-2005夹芯结构弯曲性能测试标准。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,由上、下层面板及中间蜂窝芯板层复合而成,其特征在于,所述蜂窝芯板由空心正六棱柱的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成,蜂窝单元的边长为L(mm),蜂窝芯板的制作原料包括基础材料和耐高温添加料,所述耐高温添加料的粒径为R(mm),耐高温添加料粒径R(mm)与蜂窝单元的边长L(mm)的比值为A=R/L,其中10-4≤A≤5*10-3;所述耐高温添加料占所述制作原料的质量百分数W与蜂窝单元的边长L(mm)比值为B=W/L,其中10-2≤B≤10-1。
优选的,5*10-4≤A≤5*10-3,10-2≤B≤5*10-2。
进一步的,所述耐高温添加料为滑石粉、碳酸钙、云母、硅灰石、高岭土、硅藻土等中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述蜂窝单元的边长L为5~10mm。
进一步的,所述耐高温添加料为滑石粉和碳酸钙中的一种或两种。
进一步的,高温条件为80℃。
进一步的,所述耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材在高温条件下,弯曲性能保有率在70%以上。
进一步的,两层面板厚度相同,面板厚度为0.3mm-2mm,面板厚度优选为0.5-1mm。
进一步的,所述基础材料是热塑性材料,选自PP、PET、PE、PA或PU材料的一种或几种的复合材料。
进一步地,所述面板的材料与所述蜂窝芯板的基础材料一致。
蜂窝芯板通过挤出机连续化挤出后,经过蜂窝芯特定模具成型为六角形的蜂窝芯结构,然后蜂窝芯结构和上下面板在复合压机中,先加热,然后在一定压力下冷却定型,将蜂窝芯板和上下面板粘接在一起,加工成蜂窝板材产品。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明采用在耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材的蜂窝芯板制作时,加入耐高温添加料,从而达到热塑性蜂窝板材耐高温的特性。申请人研究发现空心正六棱柱的蜂窝单元边长与添加料的添加量具有指数关系;添加料含量过高,耐热性升高,但是由于添加料占总原料比重过大,边长过长会导致产品的韧性和强度下降。添加料含量过低,韧性较强,但耐高温能力不够。经过实验对比发现,在10-2≤B≤10-1较为合适,在10-2≤B≤5*10-2时更好;在此基础上,申请人发现蜂窝单元边长与添加料的粒径也存在指数关系;添加料的粒径过大,如果边长较长,韧性、强度,耐高温能力都会减弱;而如果粒径过小,板材的强度和韧性则不够,重量也增加。A值范围在10-4≤A≤5*10-3时具有较好的效果,而在A值满足5*10-4≤A≤5*10-3时,板材各项性能达到最佳,并保持强度和韧性均与普通产品均值差别不显著,也具有质量较轻的优势。
附图说明:
图1为耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材结构示意图。
图2为蜂窝单元的结构示意图。
图中:1.蜂窝芯板、2.上层面板、3.下层面板。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。下面对本发明的内容进行详细的说明。
实施例1:本实施例的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材的蜂窝单元边长L=10mm的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成,蜂窝芯板高H=15mm,蜂窝单元是空心正六棱柱形,蜂窝芯板的制作时,加入碳酸钙作为耐高温添加料,碳酸钙的添加量W为30%wt,粒径R为10um。碳酸钙粒径R与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)的比值为A=10-3、碳酸钙质量百分数W与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)比值为B=0.03。
利用上述蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板,两层面板都为厚度1mm的PU板。制作方法为:蜂窝芯板通过挤出机连续化挤出后,经过蜂窝芯特定模具成型为六角形的蜂窝芯结构,然后蜂窝芯结构和上下面板在复合压机中,先加热,然后在一定压力下冷却定型,将蜂窝芯板和上下面板粘接在一起,加工成蜂窝板材产品。
通过GBT 1456-2005夹芯结构弯曲性能测试标准,对比80℃下,用未添加耐高温填料的未改性蜂窝板,与实施例1相同面板,相同工艺制成的复合板和用实施例1的蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板的弯曲性能衰减情况。测试发现,使用未改性蜂窝板,与实施例1相同面板,相同工艺制成的复合板在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为200N,80℃下的弯曲承载力为70N,弯曲性能衰65%。而添加了上述碳酸钙填料的蜂窝夹芯板制成的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为300N,在80℃的弯曲承载力为240N,弯曲性能保有率在80%。
实施例2:
本实施例的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材的蜂窝单元边长L=10mm的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成,蜂窝芯板高H=15mm,蜂窝单元是空心正六棱柱形,蜂窝芯板的制作时,加入硅灰石作为耐高温添加料,硅灰石的添加量W为60%wt,粒径R为10um。硅灰石粒径R与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)的比值为A=10-3、硅灰石质量百分数W与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)比值为B=0.06。
利用上述蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板,两层面板都为厚度1mm的PU板。制作方法为:蜂窝芯板通过挤出机连续化挤出后,经过蜂窝芯特定模具成型为六角形的蜂窝芯结构,然后蜂窝芯结构和上下面板在复合压机中,先加热,然后在一定压力下冷却定型,将蜂窝芯板和上下面板粘接在一起,加工成蜂窝板材产品。
通过GBT 1456-2005夹芯结构弯曲性能测试标准,对比80℃下,用未添加耐高温填料的未改性蜂窝板,与实施例2相同面板,相同工艺制成的复合板和用实施例2的蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板的弯曲性能衰减情况。测试发现,使用未改性蜂窝板,与实施例2相同面板,相同工艺制成的复合板在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为200N,80℃下的弯曲承载力为70N,弯曲性能衰65%。而添加了上述硅灰石填料的蜂窝夹芯板制成的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为280N,在80℃的弯曲承载力为210N,弯曲性能保有率在75%。
实施例3:
本实施例的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材的蜂窝单元边长L=10mm的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成,蜂窝芯板高H=15mm,蜂窝单元是空心正六棱柱形,蜂窝芯板的制作时,加入碳酸钙作为耐高温添加料,碳酸钙的添加量W为30%wt,粒径R为4um。碳酸钙粒径R与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)的比值为A=4*10-4、碳酸钙质量百分数W与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)比值为B=0.03。
利用上述蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板,两层面板都为厚度1mm的PU板。制作方法为:蜂窝芯板通过挤出机连续化挤出后,经过蜂窝芯特定模具成型为六角形的蜂窝芯结构,然后蜂窝芯结构和上下面板在复合压机中,先加热,然后在一定压力下冷却定型,将蜂窝芯板和上下面板粘接在一起,加工成蜂窝板材产品。
通过GBT 1456-2005夹芯结构弯曲性能测试标准,对比80℃下,用未添加耐高温填料的未改性蜂窝板,与实施例3相同面板,相同工艺制成的复合板和用实施例3的蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板的弯曲性能衰减情况。测试发现,使用未改性蜂窝板,与实施例3相同面板,相同工艺制成的复合板在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为200N,80℃下的弯曲承载力为70N,弯曲性能衰65%。而添加了上述碳酸钙填料的蜂窝夹芯板制成的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为270N,在80℃的弯曲承载力为211N,弯曲性能保有率在78%。
实施例4:
本实施例的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材的蜂窝单元边长L=10mm的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成,蜂窝芯板高H=15mm,蜂窝单元是空心正六棱柱形,蜂窝芯板的制作时,加入硅灰石作为耐高温添加料,硅灰石的添加量W为18%wt,粒径R为8um。硅灰石粒径R与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)的比值为A=8*10-4、硅灰石质量百分数W与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)比值为B=0.018。
利用上述蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板,两层面板都为厚度1mm的PU板。制作方法为:蜂窝芯板通过挤出机连续化挤出后,经过蜂窝芯特定模具成型为六角形的蜂窝芯结构,然后蜂窝芯结构和上下面板在复合压机中,先加热,然后在一定压力下冷却定型,将蜂窝芯板和上下面板粘接在一起,加工成蜂窝板材产品。
通过GBT 1456-2005夹芯结构弯曲性能测试标准,对比80℃下,用未添加耐高温填料的未改性蜂窝板,与实施例4相同面板,相同工艺制成的复合板和用实施例4的蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板的弯曲性能衰减情况。测试发现,使用未改性蜂窝板,与实施例4相同面板,相同工艺制成的复合板在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为200N,80℃下的弯曲承载力为70N,弯曲性能衰65%。而添加了上述硅灰石填料的蜂窝夹芯板制成的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为260N,在80℃的弯曲承载力为182N,弯曲性能保有率在70%。
对比例1:
本实施例的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材的蜂窝单元边长L=10mm的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成,蜂窝芯板高H=15mm,蜂窝单元是空心正六棱柱形,蜂窝芯板的制作时,加入硅灰石作为耐高温添加料,硅灰石的添加量W为8%wt,粒径R为0.8um。硅灰石粒径R与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)的比值为A=8*10-5、硅灰石质量百分数W与蜂窝单元边长L(mm)比值为B=0.008。
利用上述蜂窝芯板制作耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材复合板,两层面板都为厚度1mm的PU板。制作方法为:蜂窝芯板通过挤出机连续化挤出后,经过蜂窝芯特定模具成型为六角形的蜂窝芯结构,然后蜂窝芯结构和上下面板在复合压机中,先加热,然后在一定压力下冷却定型,将蜂窝芯板和上下面板粘接在一起,加工成蜂窝板材产品。
通过GBT 1456-2005夹芯结构弯曲性能测试标准,在常温(23℃)的弯曲承载力为200N,80℃下的弯曲承载力为100N,弯曲性能衰减50%。
分析实施例1-4以及对比例1可以得出,本发明限定特定结构的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材的复合板,能够获得在80℃弯曲性能保有率在70%以上,远优于现有技术的特殊效果。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,由上、下层面板及中间蜂窝芯板层复合而成,其特征在于,所述蜂窝芯板由空心正六棱柱的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成,蜂窝单元的边长为L(mm),蜂窝芯板的制作原料包括基础材料和耐高温添加料,所述耐高温添加料的粒径为R(mm),耐高温添加料粒径R(mm)与蜂窝单元的边长L(mm)的比值为A=R/L,其中10-4≤A≤5×10-3;所述耐高温添加料占所述制作原料的质量百分数W与蜂窝单元的边长L(mm)比值为B=W/L,其中10-2≤B≤10-1;所述面板和所述基础材料均为热塑性材料,所述蜂窝芯板由空心正六棱柱的蜂窝单元彼此相邻排列组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:5×10-4≤A≤5×10-3,10-2≤B≤5×10-2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:所述耐高温添加料为滑石粉、碳酸钙、云母、硅灰石、高岭土、硅藻土中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:所述蜂窝单元的边长为L为5~10mm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:所述耐高温添加料为滑石粉和碳酸钙中的一种或两种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:高温条件为80℃。
7.根据权利要求6所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:所述耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材在高温条件下,弯曲性能保有率在70%以上。
8.根据权利要求5所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:两层面板厚度相同,面板厚度为0.3mm-2mm。
9.根据权利要求5所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:两层面板厚度相同,面板厚度为0.5-1mm。
10.根据权利要求5所述的耐高温热塑性蜂窝板材,其特征在于:所述基础材料是热塑性材料,选自PP、PET、PE、PA或PU材料的一种或几种的复合材料。
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