CN109954863B - Device and method for conveying molten aluminum through short-process extrusion casting - Google Patents

Device and method for conveying molten aluminum through short-process extrusion casting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109954863B
CN109954863B CN201910231542.2A CN201910231542A CN109954863B CN 109954863 B CN109954863 B CN 109954863B CN 201910231542 A CN201910231542 A CN 201910231542A CN 109954863 B CN109954863 B CN 109954863B
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die
furnace
aluminum liquid
extruder
liquid
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CN109954863A (en
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冯志军
李泽华
李宇飞
阮明
苏鑫
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Shenyang Foundry Research Institute Co Ltd Of China National Machinery Research Institute Group
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Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/02Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

A device and a method for conveying molten aluminum by short-process extrusion casting comprise a smelting furnace 1, an extruder hammer head 2, a charging barrel 3 and a die 4, wherein the die 4 is arranged on extrusion equipment, the charging barrel 3 is arranged on the die 4, the extruder hammer head 2 is positioned between the die 4 and the charging barrel 3, and the smelting furnace 1 is arranged below the side of a main body of the extrusion equipment; the invention can realize that: when the aluminum liquid is conveyed, the liquid level of the aluminum liquid is close to the feeding hole, the large-stroke reciprocating motion of the aluminum liquid is avoided, the oxidation of the aluminum liquid is reduced, the slag inclusion at the bottom of the melt in the furnace is avoided from floating upwards to enter the charging barrel, and the production period of extrusion casting is shortened.

Description

Device and method for conveying molten aluminum through short-process extrusion casting
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of extrusion casting molten aluminum conveying, in particular to a device and a method for conveying molten aluminum by short-process extrusion casting, which specifically comprise the following steps: a device and a method for shortening the conveying stroke of molten aluminum in the extrusion casting process.
Background
The aluminum alloy extrusion casting needs to use an extruder and a die-casting die, and in the casting process, after the aluminum liquid enters a storage area, the extruder hammer head injects the aluminum liquid into a die cavity from the storage area and solidifies in the die cavity under a high-pressure condition.
The aluminum alloy extrusion casting is one of the important preparation methods of the aluminum alloy casting, compared with other casting processes, the aluminum alloy casting produced by extrusion casting has the advantages of high dimensional precision, stable dimension, good smoothness, higher casting strength and mechanical property than the traditional sand casting, high process yield of the casting and great improvement of production efficiency. The traditional extrusion casting material conveying mode is that pouring ladle pouring is directly adopted, which is the main reason for generating air holes and oxidizing slag inclusion, and meanwhile, the time required for conveying aluminum liquid to a charging barrel by adopting the pouring ladle is longer.
The extrusion casting is applied to large-scale industrial production, avoids large-stroke reciprocating motion in the aluminum liquid conveying process, ensures the melt quality, and has very important significance for the improvement of the casting quality; the extrusion casting cycle time is 30-120 s, and the production efficiency is obviously improved by shortening the aluminum liquid conveying time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device and a method for conveying molten aluminum by short-process squeeze casting.
The invention provides a device and a method for conveying molten aluminum in short-process extrusion casting, aiming at shortening the conveying stroke of molten aluminum in the extrusion casting process, improving the production efficiency of castings in the large-batch industrial aluminum alloy die-casting process and ensuring the internal quality of the castings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a device for conveying molten aluminum by short-process extrusion casting, which comprises a smelting furnace 1, an extruder hammer head 2, a charging barrel 3 and a die 4, wherein the die 4 is arranged on extrusion equipment, the charging barrel 3 is arranged on the die 4, the extruder hammer head 2 is positioned between the die 4 and the charging barrel 3, and the smelting furnace 1 is arranged below the side of the main body of the extrusion equipment;
the smelting furnace 1 is composed of a special-shaped furnace cover 11, a furnace body 12, a liquid lifting pipe 13 and a moving platform 14, wherein the furnace body 12 is placed on the moving platform 14;
the charging barrel 3 comprises a half barrel I31 and a half barrel II 32, wherein the side edge of the bottom of the half barrel II 32 is provided with an embedded feeding hole 321 inclined by 45 degrees, and the feeding hole 321 is a hemispherical inner notch;
the die 4 comprises a movable die 41 and a fixed die 42, is arranged on a die plate of the extrusion equipment, and is automatically opened and closed along with the extrusion process; the extruder hammer head 2 is positioned between the movable die 41 and the fixed die 42, and the extruder hammer head 2 is arranged on an injection system of the extrusion equipment.
The special-shaped furnace cover 11 is composed of a horizontal heat-insulating cover 111 and an inclined heating cylinder 112, the liquid-lifting pipe 13 penetrates through the inclined heating cylinder 112 and the horizontal heat-insulating cover 111 successively and is inserted into the furnace body 12 in an inclined manner, and a special-shaped furnace opening 131 is welded at the upper end of the liquid-lifting pipe 13.
The half cylinder I31 is fixed below the movable die 41, and the half cylinder II 32 is fixed below the fixed die 42; when the die is closed, the half cylinder I31, the half cylinder II 32, the movable die 41 and the fixed die 42 are folded together and wrap the extruder hammer head 2, and a cavity is formed above the extruder hammer head 2.
The moving platform 14 is driven by a transmission shaft and a servo motor which are horizontal, vertical and inclined at 45 degrees, and can freely move along 3 directions.
The invention provides a method for conveying molten aluminum by short-process extrusion casting, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1) equipment installation: installing a liquid lifting pipe 13 on a special-shaped furnace cover 11, sealing the special-shaped furnace cover 11 and a furnace body 12, installing a half cylinder I31 on a movable die 41, installing a half cylinder II 32 on a fixed die 42, installing a die 4 on an extruding machine, and ensuring that a special-shaped furnace opening 131 is tightly attached to a feeding opening 321 by adjusting a movable platform 14;
step 2), raising the aluminum liquid to a set retention height: introducing compressed air into the furnace body 12 to slowly rise the aluminum liquid, and finally rising the aluminum liquid to a position between 0 and 20mm below the feeding hole 321, maintaining the air pressure of the smelting furnace 1 unchanged, and stopping the aluminum liquid at the position;
step 3) conveying aluminum liquid to the charging barrel 3: the die 4 is closed, the half cylinder I31 and the half cylinder II 32 are attached to wrap the extruder hammer 2, a cavity is formed above the extruder hammer 2, the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 rises, and the aluminum liquid enters the cavity of the charging barrel 3 through the feeding hole 321;
step 4), finishing the aluminum liquid conveying; after the aluminum liquid is conveyed, the extruder hammer head 2 rises to close the feeding hole 321, the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 descends, the liquid level of the aluminum liquid slowly falls to 0-20 mm below the feeding hole 321, the pressure in the furnace is maintained to be stable, the aluminum liquid stays at the initial set position below the feeding hole 321 again, and the next aluminum liquid conveying process is waited to start.
In the step 2), the initial speed of rising of the molten aluminum is set to be 20-100 mm/s, the position is 100-500 mm below the feeding hole 321, and the increase rate of the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 is reduced to be 0.1-0.5 times of the initial speed.
In the step 4), the rising position of the molten aluminum is 0-100 mm below the feeding hole 321, and the rising speed of the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 is gradually reduced to 0 and kept stable.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device and the method can accurately control the aluminum liquid to stay at the set height below the feeding hole, effectively avoid the aluminum liquid from doing large-stroke reciprocating motion in the crucible of the smelting furnace and between the charging barrels to generate oxide inclusions when the aluminum liquid is conveyed by extrusion casting, and ensure the quality of the aluminum liquid.
The device and the method can effectively shorten the time required by aluminum liquid conveying, shorten the extrusion cycle period and improve the production efficiency.
The device and the method have no strict requirements on the sealing performance of the smelting furnace, the die and the charging barrel, can meet the requirements of a conventional extrusion die and a closed smelting furnace, and have the advantages of low investment, high production efficiency and high automation degree.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a short-flow extrusion casting molten aluminum conveying device;
FIG. 2 is a partial structural sectional view of a short-flow aluminum liquid extrusion casting conveying device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a half-section structure of a smelting furnace adopted by a short-flow extrusion casting molten aluminum conveying device;
the device comprises a smelting furnace 1, an extruder hammer 2, a charging barrel 3, a mould 4, a special-shaped furnace cover 11, a furnace body 12, a riser pipe 13, a moving platform 14, a hammer 21, a half barrel I31, a half barrel II 32, a moving mould 41, a fixed mould 42, a feeding hole 321, a horizontal heat-insulating cover 111, an oblique heating barrel 112 and a special-shaped furnace opening 131.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The invention provides a device for conveying molten aluminum by short-process extrusion casting, which comprises a smelting furnace 1, an extruder hammer head 2, a charging barrel 3 and a die 4, wherein the die 4 is arranged on extrusion equipment, the charging barrel 3 is arranged on the die 4, the extruder hammer head 2 is positioned between the die 4 and the charging barrel 3, and the smelting furnace 1 is arranged below the side of the main body of the extrusion equipment;
the smelting furnace 1 is composed of a special-shaped furnace cover 11, a furnace body 12, a liquid lifting pipe 13 and a moving platform 14, wherein the furnace body 12 is placed on the moving platform 14;
the charging barrel 3 comprises a half barrel I31 and a half barrel II 32, wherein the side edge of the bottom of the half barrel II 32 is provided with an embedded feeding hole 321 inclined by 45 degrees, and the feeding hole 321 is a hemispherical inner notch;
the die 4 comprises a movable die 41 and a fixed die 42, is arranged on a die plate of the extrusion equipment, and is automatically opened and closed along with the extrusion process; the extruder hammer head 2 is positioned between the movable die 41 and the fixed die 42, and the extruder hammer head 2 is arranged on an injection system of the extrusion equipment.
The special-shaped furnace cover 11 is composed of a horizontal heat-insulating cover 111 and an inclined heating cylinder 112, the liquid-lifting pipe 13 penetrates through the inclined heating cylinder 112 and the horizontal heat-insulating cover 111 successively and is inserted into the furnace body 12 in an inclined manner, and a special-shaped furnace opening 131 is welded at the upper end of the liquid-lifting pipe 13.
The half cylinder I31 is fixed below the movable die 41, and the half cylinder II 32 is fixed below the fixed die 42; when the die is closed, the half cylinder I31, the half cylinder II 32, the movable die 41 and the fixed die 42 are folded together and wrap the extruder hammer head 2, and a cavity is formed above the extruder hammer head 2.
The moving platform 14 is driven by a transmission shaft and a servo motor which are horizontal, vertical and inclined at 45 degrees, and can freely move along 3 directions.
The invention provides a method for conveying molten aluminum by short-process extrusion casting, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1) equipment installation: installing a liquid lifting pipe 13 on a special-shaped furnace cover 11, sealing the special-shaped furnace cover 11 and a furnace body 12, installing a half cylinder I31 on a movable die 41, installing a half cylinder II 32 on a fixed die 42, installing a die 4 on an extruding machine, and ensuring that a special-shaped furnace opening 131 is tightly attached to a feeding opening 321 by adjusting a movable platform 14;
step 2), raising the aluminum liquid to a set retention height: introducing compressed air into the furnace body 12 to slowly rise the aluminum liquid, and finally rising the aluminum liquid to a position between 0 and 20mm below the feeding hole 321, maintaining the air pressure of the smelting furnace 1 unchanged, and stopping the aluminum liquid at the position;
step 3) conveying aluminum liquid to the charging barrel 3: the die 4 is closed, the half cylinder I31 and the half cylinder II 32 are attached to wrap the extruder hammer 2, a cavity is formed above the extruder hammer 2, the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 rises, and the aluminum liquid enters the cavity of the charging barrel 3 through the feeding hole 321;
step 4), finishing the aluminum liquid conveying; after the aluminum liquid is conveyed, the extruder hammer head 2 rises to close the feeding hole 321, the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 descends, the liquid level of the aluminum liquid slowly falls to 0-20 mm below the feeding hole 321, the pressure in the furnace is maintained to be stable, the aluminum liquid stays at the initial set position below the feeding hole 321 again, and the next aluminum liquid conveying process is waited to start.
In the step 2), the initial speed of rising of the molten aluminum is set to be 20-100 mm/s, the position is 100-500 mm below the feeding hole 321, and the increase rate of the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 is reduced to be 0.1-0.5 times of the initial speed.
In the step 4), the rising position of the molten aluminum is 0-100 mm below the feeding hole 321, and the rising speed of the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 is gradually reduced to 0 and kept stable.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the aluminum liquid conveying process for preparing the automobile steering knuckle through extrusion casting is performed, and the casting is made of ZL114A aluminum alloy.
The specific process is as follows:
1) after the ZL114A aluminum alloy is refined and modified in the smelting furnace 1, the liquid lifting pipe 13 is installed on the special-shaped furnace cover 11, the special-shaped furnace cover 11 and the furnace body 12 are sealed, the mold 4 is installed on the extruding machine, the movable mold 41 is moved in a template translation mode, the mold 4 is opened, the half cylinder I31 is installed on the movable mold 41, the half cylinder II 32 is installed on the fixed mold 42, and the furnace mouth is aligned to the feeding hole 321 by adjusting the moving platform 14, so that the tight fit between the furnace mouth and the feeding hole 321 is ensured, and the air.
2) Introducing compressed air into the furnace body 12 to slowly rise the aluminum liquid, when the liquid level of the aluminum liquid rises to 450mm below the feeding nozzle, the increasing rate of the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 is reduced to 0.4 times of the initial value, when the aluminum liquid further rises to 100mm below the feeding port 321, the increasing rate of the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 is gradually reduced to 0 and kept stable, finally, the liquid level of the aluminum liquid is ensured to stay at a position 10mm below the feeding port 321, air is stopped to enter the furnace, when the air pressure in the furnace falls due to slight air leakage, air is supplied to the smelting furnace, and the aluminum liquid is kept to stably stay at a set height;
3) and (3) closing the die 4, attaching the half cylinder I31 and the half cylinder II 32, wrapping the hammer head 21, forming a cavity above the hammer head, introducing compressed air into the smelting furnace 1 to enable the air pressure in the furnace to rise, and enabling the aluminum liquid to enter the cavity through the feeding hole.
4) After the aluminum liquid is conveyed, the hammer head 21 is lifted to close the feeding hole, the connection between the aluminum liquid and the charging barrel 3 is cut off, the exhaust valve of the smelting furnace 1 is opened, the air pressure in the furnace is reduced, the pressure in the furnace is maintained to be stable after the liquid level of the aluminum liquid slowly falls back to the initial set height, the aluminum liquid is stopped at the initial set height below the feeding hole again, and the next aluminum liquid conveying process is waited to start;
example 2
In the embodiment, the aluminum liquid conveying process for preparing the automobile control arm by extrusion casting is carried out, and the material of the casting is ZL101A aluminum alloy.
The specific process is as follows:
1) after the refining and modification of ZL101A aluminum alloy in a smelting furnace 1 are completed, a liquid lifting pipe 13 is installed on a special-shaped furnace cover 11, the special-shaped furnace cover 11 and a furnace body 12 are sealed, a mold 4 is installed on an extruder, a movable mold template is moved horizontally, the mold is opened, a half cylinder I31 is installed on a movable mold 41, a half cylinder II 32 is installed on a fixed mold 42, and a furnace mouth is aligned to a feeding hole 321 by adjusting a moving platform 14, so that the furnace mouth is tightly attached to the feeding hole 321, and the air tightness is guaranteed.
2) Introducing compressed air into the furnace body 12 to slowly rise the aluminum liquid, when the liquid level of the aluminum liquid rises to 200mm below the feeding nozzle, the increasing rate of the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 is reduced to 0.3 times of the initial value, when the aluminum liquid further rises to 100mm below the feeding port 321, the increasing rate of the air pressure in the smelting furnace 1 is gradually reduced to 0 and kept stable, finally, the liquid level of the aluminum liquid is guaranteed to stay within 10mm below the feeding port 321, air is stopped to enter the furnace, when the air pressure in the furnace falls due to slight air leakage, air is supplied to the smelting furnace, and the aluminum liquid is kept to stably stay at the set height;
3) and (3) closing the die 4, attaching the half cylinder I31 and the half cylinder II 32, wrapping the hammer head 21, forming a cavity above the hammer head, introducing compressed air into the smelting furnace 1 to enable the air pressure in the furnace to rise, and enabling the aluminum liquid to enter the cavity through the feeding hole.
4) After the aluminum liquid is conveyed, the hammer head 21 is lifted to close the feeding hole, the connection between the aluminum liquid and the charging barrel 3 is cut off, the exhaust valve of the smelting furnace 1 is opened, the air pressure in the furnace is reduced, the pressure in the furnace is maintained to be stable after the liquid level of the aluminum liquid slowly falls back to the initial set height, the aluminum liquid is stopped at the initial set height below the feeding hole again, and the next aluminum liquid conveying process is waited to start;
although preferred embodiments have been depicted and described in detail herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that various structural modifications and control parameter combinations can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and these are considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (4)

1. A device for conveying molten aluminum by short-process extrusion casting is characterized in that: the device comprises a smelting furnace (1), an extruder hammer head (2), a charging barrel (3) and a die (4), wherein the die (4) is arranged on extrusion equipment, the charging barrel (3) is arranged on the die (4), the extruder hammer head (2) is positioned between the die (4) and the charging barrel (3), and the smelting furnace (1) is arranged below the side of the extrusion equipment;
the smelting furnace (1) is composed of a special-shaped furnace cover (11), a furnace body (12), a liquid lifting pipe (13) and a movable platform (14), wherein the furnace body (12) is placed on the movable platform (14);
the charging barrel (3) comprises a half barrel I (31) and a half barrel II (32), wherein the side edge of the bottom of the half barrel II (32) is provided with an embedded feeding hole (321) which inclines by 45 degrees, and the feeding hole (321) is a hemispherical inner notch;
the die (4) comprises a movable die (41) and a fixed die (42), is arranged on the extrusion equipment, and is automatically opened and closed along with the extrusion process; the extruder hammer head (2) is positioned between the movable die (41) and the fixed die (42), and the extruder hammer head (2) is arranged on extrusion equipment;
the special-shaped furnace cover (11) is composed of a horizontal heat-insulating cover (111) and an oblique heating cylinder (112), the liquid-lifting pipe (13) sequentially penetrates through the oblique heating cylinder (112) and the horizontal heat-insulating cover (111) and is obliquely inserted into the furnace body (12), and a special-shaped furnace opening (131) is welded at the upper end of the liquid-lifting pipe (13);
the half cylinder I (31) is fixed below the movable die (41), and the half cylinder II (32) is fixed below the fixed die (42); when the die is closed, the half cylinder I (31), the half cylinder II (32), the movable die (41) and the fixed die (42) are folded together and wrap the extruder hammer head (2), and a cavity is formed above the extruder hammer head (2).
2. A method for conveying molten aluminum by using the short-process extrusion casting device of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1) equipment installation: the method comprises the following steps of installing a liquid lifting pipe (13) on a special-shaped furnace cover (11), sealing the special-shaped furnace cover (11) and a furnace body (12), installing a half cylinder I (31) on a movable die (41), installing a half cylinder II (32) on a fixed die (42), installing a die (4) on an extruder, and ensuring that a special-shaped furnace opening (131) and a feed opening (321) are tightly attached by adjusting a movable platform (14);
step 2), raising the aluminum liquid to a set retention height: introducing compressed air into the furnace body (12) to slowly rise the aluminum liquid, and finally rising the aluminum liquid to a position between 0 and 20mm below the feeding hole (321), maintaining the air pressure of the smelting furnace (1) unchanged, and stopping the aluminum liquid at the position;
step 3) conveying aluminum liquid to the charging barrel (3): the die (4) is closed, the half cylinder I (31) is attached to the half cylinder II (32) to wrap the extruder hammer head (2), a cavity is formed above the extruder hammer head (2), the air pressure in the smelting furnace (1) rises, and the aluminum liquid enters the cavity of the charging barrel (3) through the feeding hole (321);
step 4), finishing the aluminum liquid conveying; after the aluminum liquid is conveyed, the extruder hammer head (2) rises to close the feeding hole (321), the air pressure in the smelting furnace (1) descends, the liquid level of the aluminum liquid slowly falls to 0-20 mm below the feeding hole (321), the pressure in the furnace is maintained stable, the aluminum liquid stays at the initial set position below the feeding hole (321) again, and the next aluminum liquid conveying process is waited to start.
3. The short-process squeeze casting molten aluminum conveying method of claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), the initial speed of rising of the molten aluminum is set to be 20-100 mm/s, the position is 100-500 mm below the feeding hole (321), and the increasing rate of the air pressure in the smelting furnace (1) is reduced to be 0.1-0.5 times of the initial speed.
4. The short-process squeeze casting molten aluminum conveying method of claim 2, which is characterized in that: and in the step 4), the rising position of the aluminum liquid is 0-100 mm below the feeding hole (321), and the rising speed of the air pressure in the smelting furnace (1) is gradually reduced to 0 and kept stable.
CN201910231542.2A 2019-03-26 2019-03-26 Device and method for conveying molten aluminum through short-process extrusion casting Active CN109954863B (en)

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Address after: 110000 No.17, Yunfeng South Street, Tiexi District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Patentee after: Shenyang Foundry Research Institute Co., Ltd. of China National Machinery Research Institute Group

Address before: 110000 No.17, Yunfeng South Street, Tiexi District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Patentee before: SHENYANG RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FOUNDRY Co.,Ltd.