CN109948187B - Centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat structure optimization design method based on equal strength theory - Google Patents
Centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat structure optimization design method based on equal strength theory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimal design method for a throat structure of a centrifugal compressor wheel disc based on an equal-strength theory, which comprises the following steps of: (1) Establishing a finite element model based on a two-dimensional geometric model of a centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure; (2) Considering a structural temperature field, a centrifugal force and a cavity pressure under the most severe design working condition as load input, and analyzing and solving the structural static strength of the wheel disc; (3) Extracting maximum radial stress and corresponding temperature loads at a gas inlet edge and a gas exhaust edge of a throat part of a wheel disc of the centrifugal compressor; (4) Obtaining the material yield strength of the wheel disc throat part at the maximum radial stress position of the air inlet edge and the air exhaust edge at corresponding temperature; (5) And calculating the strength reserves at the maximum radial stress positions of the air inlet edge and the air exhaust edge of the throat part of the wheel disc, and optimizing the geometric configurations of the air inlet edge and the air exhaust edge of the throat part of the wheel disc by taking the equal strength reserve coefficient as a constraint condition. According to the invention, the structural utilization rate of the blade disc of the centrifugal compressor is improved by optimizing the constant strength theory of the throat structure of the wheel disc of the centrifugal compressor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of centrifugal compressor wheel disc design, relates to an optimization design method for a centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat structure, and particularly relates to an optimization design method for a centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat structure based on an equal-strength theory.
Background
Gas turbine engines are highly complex and precise thermal machines, primarily intended to power aircraft. The heart of the airplane is known as the pearl on the crown of modern industry, relates to a large number of leading-edge subjects and basic subjects, directly influences the performance, reliability and economy of the airplane, and is an important embodiment of national science and technology, industry and national defense strength.
The main three major components of a gas turbine engine are a compressor, a combustor and a turbine. The main function of the compressor is to utilize the blades rotating at high speed to do work on the air so as to improve the pressure of the air. The centrifugal compressor has the characteristics of small volume, high single-stage supercharging ratio and the like, and is widely applied to engines such as small turbofan engines, turbojet engines, turboshafts and the like.
The wheel disc is a main bearing part of the engine rotor, the blades are arranged on the wheel rim, and when the wheel disc rotates at a high speed, the wheel disc not only bears the centrifugal load of the blades at the wheel rim, but also bears the centrifugal load of the wheel disc. The disk web typically has a throat structure based on the load and stress distribution characteristics of the disk.
At the present stage, when the throat structure of the wheel disc is designed, the temperature of the throat section is considered to be kept consistent from the air inlet side to the air outlet side, namely, the throat structure of the wheel disc is designed along the axial direction according to an equal stress method without axial temperature difference. Under the actual service condition, the centrifugal compressor wheel disc is thicker, the blade supercharging ratio is high, a certain axial temperature difference is formed on the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the throat part, the air inlet side temperature is low, the air outlet side temperature is high, the yield strength of the material is reduced along with the temperature rise, the condition that the strength reserve of some regions is overlarge and the strength reserve of some regions is small inevitably exists according to the equal stress design, in other words, under the condition that the structural strength requirement is met, the performance of the structural material cannot be fully utilized according to the equal stress design method, and the structure has a large optimization space.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the optimal design method of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc based on the equal-strength theory, the method can design the maximum stress of the air inlet edge of the throat to be larger and the maximum stress of the air outlet edge of the throat to be smaller, so that the strength reserves of the two edges of the throat are equal, the performance of structural materials can be fully utilized, the weight of the wheel disc structure can be effectively reduced, and the overall structural performance of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat structure optimization design method based on an equal strength theory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
SS1, generating a finite element model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure based on a two-dimensional geometric model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure;
SS2, inputting the density, the elastic modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient of the structural material of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc based on the finite element model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure generated in the step SS1, and constraining the axial and circumferential displacement boundary conditions of the structural temperature field, the centrifugal force and the cavity pressure under the most severe design working condition as load input to complete the analysis and solution of the static strength of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure;
SS3, extracting the maximum radial stress S of the air inlet edge of the throat part of the wheel disc of the centrifugal compressor X1 And its corresponding temperature T SX1 Extracting the maximum radial stress S of the exhaust edge of the throat part of the wheel disc of the centrifugal compressor X2 And its corresponding temperature T SX2 ；
SS4, respectively obtaining T according to the corresponding relation between the temperature and the yield strength of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure material SX1 And T SX2 Yield strength sigma of corresponding centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure material 1 And σ 2 ；
SS5, respectively calculating the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge of the throat part of the wheel discStrength reserve factor F at maximum radial stress 1 、F 2 Wherein F is 1 ＝σ 1 /S X1 ，F 2 ＝σ 2 /S X2 ；
And SS6, establishing an optimized design model of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc by taking the geometric configurations of the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge of the throat structure of the wheel disc as optimized variables, taking the constant strength reserve coefficient as a constraint condition and aiming at minimizing the structural weight of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc, and finally realizing the optimized design of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc based on the constant strength theory.
Preferably, in the step SS1, a finite element model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure is constructed by defining unit types and dividing grids based on the two-dimensional geometric model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure.
Preferably, in the step SS2, the density, the elastic modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure material are obtained through a material handbook.
Preferably, in the step SS3, the most severe design condition refers to a condition where the axial temperature difference of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor is the largest under a high-temperature and high-speed working state.
Preferably, in the step SS4, the correspondence between the temperature and the yield strength of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure material is obtained through a material manual.
Preferably, in step SS6, the centrifugal compressor disk throat structure optimization design model is as follows:
design variable X = (X) 1 ,x 2 )
Optimization goal min f = mass (x) 1 ,x 2 )
Constraint F 1 -F 2 ＝0
F 1 ,F 1 ≥F criterion
Wherein x is 1 And x 2 Respectively representing geometric configuration curves of a gas inlet edge and a gas outlet edge of a throat structure of the wheel disc; mass represents the structural weight of the centrifugal compressor, which is a function of design variables; f criterion Required for design criteriaThe strength reserve factor criterion is determined according to a selected design criterion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the optimal design method of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc based on the equal-strength theory, the structural configuration of the throat structure of the wheel disc is optimized by restraining the strength storage coefficients of the maximum radial stress of the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge of the throat structure of the wheel disc, the structural weight of the wheel disc of the centrifugal compressor can be effectively reduced on the basis of meeting the use performance of the structural strength of the wheel disc, and the optimal design method is more suitable for the temperature load condition with higher temperature gradient of the throat part of the wheel disc compared with the existing optimal design method of equal-stress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the optimal design method of the throat structure of the wheel disc of the centrifugal compressor based on the constant intensity theory;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional finite element model of a centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure to which the present invention is directed;
FIG. 3 is a temperature field cloud chart of the most severe design working condition of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure for which the present invention is directed;
FIG. 4 is a radial stress distribution contour map of a centrifugal compressor disk throat structure before optimization in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the inlet edge and the exhaust edge of the throat structure of a centrifugal compressor disk for optimization according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a radial stress distribution contour map of the optimized throat structure of a centrifugal compressor disk for which the present invention is directed.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an optimal design method of a throat structure of a centrifugal compressor wheel disc based on an equal-strength theory, which aims to more fully understand the characteristics of the invention and the applicability of the invention to engineering practice, realizes the optimal design of the throat structure of a certain centrifugal compressor wheel disc according to an implementation flow shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
SS1, defining unit types and dividing grids based on a two-dimensional geometric model of a centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure, and generating a centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure finite element model as shown in figure 2;
SS2, according to the material selected by the centrifugal compressor wheel disc, looking up a material manual to obtain material parameters such as density, elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient which change along with temperature, and inputting a structural temperature field, centrifugal force and cavity pressure under the most severe design working condition as shown in figure 3; constraining the boundary conditions of axial displacement and circumferential displacement, and completing the analysis and solution of the static strength of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure to obtain the radial stress distribution of the centrifugal compressor throat structure before optimization as shown in figure 4. The most severe design working condition refers to the working condition that the axial temperature difference of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor is the largest under the working state of high temperature and high rotating speed.
SS3, extracting the maximum radial stress of the throat air inlet edge of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc and the corresponding temperature thereof, which are respectively marked as S X1 And T SX1 Extracting the maximum radial stress and the corresponding temperature of the exhaust edge of the throat part of the wheel disc of the centrifugal compressor, and respectively recording the maximum radial stress and the corresponding temperature as S X2 And T SX2 ；
SS4. Obtaining T according to the materials handbook SX1 And T SX2 The yield strengths of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure materials corresponding to the temperatures are respectively recorded as sigma 1 And σ 2 ；
SS5, calculating the strength reserve coefficients of the disk throat at the maximum radial stress positions of the air inlet edge and the air exhaust edge, and respectively recording the strength reserve coefficients as F 1 And F 2 Wherein F is 1 ＝σ 1 /S X1 ，F 2 ＝σ 2 /S X2 ；
And SS6, taking the geometric configurations of the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge of the disk throat structure as optimization variables, taking the constant strength reserve coefficient as a constraint condition, taking the minimized centrifugal compressor disk structure weight as a target function, and establishing an optimized design model of the centrifugal compressor disk throat structure shown as the following formula:
design variable X = (X) 1 ,x 2 )
Optimization goal min f = mass (x) 1 ,x 2 )
Constraint F 1 -F 2 ＝0
F 1 ,F 1 ≥F criterion
Wherein，x 1 And x 2 Respectively representing geometric configuration curves of an air inlet edge and an air outlet edge of a throat structure of the wheel disc; mass represents the structural weight of the centrifugal compressor, which is a function of design variables; f criterion Strength reserve factor criterion required for the design criterion, here F criterion =1.25. Finally, the optimized design of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat structure based on the equal-strength theory is achieved, the ratio of the geometrical configuration of the optimized rear throat structure to that before optimization is shown in figure 5, the weight of the structure is reduced by 200g, the radial stress distribution of the optimized structure is shown in figure 6, and compared with the condition that the radial stress of the air inlet side of the optimized front throat is improved to 528MPa from 407MPa, the stress is improved by 30%. The radial stress of the exhaust edge of the throat part is increased from 372MPa to 390MPa, and the stress is increased by 5 percent. After optimization, the yield reserve coefficients of the inlet radial stress and the exhaust radial stress of the throat part are equal and are 1.54, and the requirement of F is met 1 ＝F 2 The criterion requirement is more than or equal to 1.25. The yield reserve coefficient of the radial stress of the optimized advancing air edge is 2.0, the yield reserve coefficient of the radial stress of the exhaust edge is 1.6, and the radial stress reserve difference of the optimized advancing air edge and the exhaust edge is large.
In summary, the centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat structure optimization design method based on the constant intensity theory provided by the invention takes the geometrical configurations of the inlet edge and the exhaust edge of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat as optimization design variables, the constant intensity reserve coefficient as a constraint condition and the minimized centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure weight as an optimization objective function, and realizes effective weight reduction of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure on the basis of meeting the intensity requirement. The method has compatibility with other methods, has clear physical significance, and is more effective in the subsequent optimization result based on the provided method.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any way; the method can be expanded and applied to the field of optimization design of strength of wheel discs with similar structures and similar temperature distribution, and all technical schemes formed by adopting equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement fall within the protection scope of the invention.
The invention has not been described in detail and is part of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A centrifugal compressor wheel disc throat structure optimization design method based on an equal strength theory is characterized by comprising the following implementation steps:
SS1, generating a finite element model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure based on a two-dimensional geometric model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure;
SS2, inputting the density, the elastic modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient of the structural material of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc based on the finite element model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure generated in the step SS1, and constraining the axial and circumferential displacement boundary conditions of the structural material of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc by taking a structural temperature field, centrifugal force and cavity pressure under the most severe design working condition as load input, thereby completing the analysis and solution of the static strength of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure, wherein the most severe design working condition refers to the working condition that the axial temperature difference of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor is the maximum under the working state of high temperature and high rotating speed;
SS3, extracting the maximum radial stress S of the inlet edge of the throat part of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc X1 And the corresponding temperature thereof
Extracting the maximum radial stress S of the exhaust edge of the throat part of the wheel disc of the centrifugal compressor X2 And its corresponding temperature->
SS4, respectively obtaining the temperature and yield strength corresponding relation of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure material
And &>
Yield strength sigma of centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure material corresponding to temperature 1 And σ 2 ；
SS5, respectively calculating the strength reserve coefficients F of the air inlet edge and the exhaust edge of the throat part of the wheel disc at the maximum radial stress positions 1 、F 2 Wherein, F 1 ＝σ 1 /S X1 ，F 2 ＝σ 2 /S X2 ；
And SS6, establishing an optimized design model of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc by taking the geometric configurations of the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge of the throat structure of the wheel disc as optimized variables, taking the constant strength reserve coefficient as a constraint condition and taking the minimized weight of the structure of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc as a target, and finally realizing the optimized design of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc based on the constant strength theory, wherein the optimized design model of the throat structure of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc is shown as the following formula:
design variable X = (X) 1 ,x 2 )
Optimization goal min f = mass (x) 1 ,x 2 )
Constraint condition F 1 -F 2 ＝0
F 1 ,F 1 ≥F criterion
Wherein x is 1 And x 2 Respectively representing geometric configuration curves of an air inlet edge and an air outlet edge of a throat structure of the wheel disc; mass represents the structural weight of the centrifugal compressor, and is a function of design variables; f criterion The strength reserve factor criteria required for the design criteria are determined based on the selected design criteria.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step SS1, a centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure finite element model is constructed by defining element types and dividing grids based on a two-dimensional geometric model of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step SS2 the density, the temperature-dependent modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the centrifugal compressor wheel disc structure are obtained from a materials handbook.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step SS4, the correspondence between the temperature and the yield strength of the centrifugal compressor disk structure material is obtained through a material manual.
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| RU2600213C1 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-10-20 | Владимир Александрович Грибановский | Centrifugal compressor impeller from composite material and method of making thereof |
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| CN107679270A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-02-09 | 西北工业大学 | Centrifugal compressor Optimization Design and system |
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| RU2600213C1 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-10-20 | Владимир Александрович Грибановский | Centrifugal compressor impeller from composite material and method of making thereof |
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| Nonlinear Analysis of Rod Fastened Rotor under Nonuniform Contact Stiffness;Jiaqi Li;《Shock and Vibration》;全文 * |
| 考虑表面加工状态的粉末盘低循环疲劳寿命分析;冯引利;《航空动力学报》;全文 * |
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