CN109946845B - Method for adjusting optical axis of telescope to zenith accurately - Google Patents
Method for adjusting optical axis of telescope to zenith accurately Download PDFInfo
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- CN109946845B CN109946845B CN201910293075.6A CN201910293075A CN109946845B CN 109946845 B CN109946845 B CN 109946845B CN 201910293075 A CN201910293075 A CN 201910293075A CN 109946845 B CN109946845 B CN 109946845B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adjusting the accurate zenith alignment of an optical axis of a telescope, which comprises the steps of arranging a laser vertical instrument right above a telescope system, leveling the vertical instrument, emitting downward light and irradiating a main mirror surface of the telescope system; opening the aperture on the focal plane of the telescope system to the maximum, and simultaneously placing an observation screen behind the aperture along the horizontal plane; adjusting a mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system, and changing the optical axis direction of the telescope system until the downward light of the laser plummet is reflected by a primary mirror and a secondary mirror of the telescope in sequence and then can pass through a diaphragm hole; adjusting the telescope to enable the emergent light spots corresponding to the downward emergent light after rotation to fall in a background bright circle, and simultaneously contracting the aperture of the diaphragm in a proper amount; and the telescope is finely adjusted, and the central round point determined by the rotated emergent light spot group is translated to the round center of the background bright circle. The optical axis of the Cassegrain or Newton reflection telescope with various calibers can be accurately adjusted to the zenith direction only by using a small laser plummet, and the method has the advantages of simple operation and intuitive method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser radars, and particularly relates to a method for accurately adjusting an optical axis of a telescope to a zenith.
Background
The telescope system is an important component of the ground-based laser radar and is a key device for collecting backscattered echo signals of scattering substances from atmospheric targets. During the installation, adjustment and integration of the ground-based laser radar system, the optical axis of the telescope system is required to be aligned to the zenith direction and kept unchanged. At the moment, the detection distance of the foundation type laser radar is equivalent to the detection height, and then the detection target information on each atmospheric altitude can be directly obtained.
The method ensures that the optical axis of the telescope system is accurately aligned to the zenith direction, and is the key for the equivalence of the detection distance and the detection height of the laser radar. Currently, the adjustment method for aligning the optical axis of the telescope system to the zenith mainly includes a starry sky positioning method and a plane mirror reflection method. The space orientation of a known target galaxy is utilized to determine the actual pointing direction of the optical axis of the telescope by the starry sky positioning method, and the optical axis of the telescope is adjusted to be aligned with the zenith; the method is relatively complicated to operate and can be carried out only under the condition of sunny nighttime weather. A plane mirror is placed right above a telescope by a plane mirror reflection method, the plane mirror reflection surface is corrected to a horizontal plane by an auto-collimation method, then a point light source is placed near the focus of the telescope, an image point reflected by the plane mirror is observed at the same time, and if the two images are approximately superposed, the optical axis of the telescope is considered to be aligned with the zenith; in addition, in the case of the large-caliber telescope system, the caliber of the corresponding plane mirror must be large enough, which results in that the plane mirror is heavy, expensive in manufacturing cost and inconvenient in the installation and adjustment process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for adjusting the optical axis of a telescope to a zenith accurately, aiming at the inconvenience of complex operation in the prior art, the aim of adjusting the optical axis of the telescope to the zenith accurately can be achieved only by using a cheap small laser plummet, the operation process is not limited by the time in the day or at night, and the method is very convenient.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is a method for adjusting the optical axis of a telescope to be accurately aligned with a zenith, wherein a telescope system comprises the telescope and a mechanical adjusting device, the telescope comprises a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, and the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps that a laser plummet and an observation screen are arranged, the laser plummet is used for emitting downward light which is close to a vertical direction, the downward light is visible light, and the observation screen is used for inspecting emergent light spots of the downward light after passing through a telescope system in real time;
the process of adjusting the optical axis of the telescope to the zenith accurately comprises the following steps,
step 1, a laser vertical instrument is arranged right above a telescope system, and a vertical collimator is leveled to emit downward light and irradiate a main mirror surface of the telescope system;
step 2, opening the aperture on the focal plane of the telescope system to the maximum, and simultaneously placing an observation screen behind the aperture along the horizontal plane;
step 3, adjusting a mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system, and changing the optical axis direction of the telescope system until the downward light of the laser plummet passes through the diaphragm aperture after being reflected by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror of the telescope in sequence;
step 4, keeping the current aperture of the diaphragm unchanged, recording the corresponding bright emergent light spot position of the emergent light on the observation screen, then rotating the laser plummet by a preset angle of rotation, and recording the corresponding emergent light spot position every time the laser plummet rotates for one circle;
step 5, checking whether all emergent light spots recorded on the observation screen are in the background bright circle:
if not, finely adjusting the mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system, returning to the step 4, and enabling all emergent light spots to fall into the background bright circle;
if yes, contracting the aperture of the diaphragm in a proper amount, repeating the step, and entering the step 6 under the condition that all emergent light spots can fall into the background bright circle until the aperture of the diaphragm can not be reduced;
and 6, tracing the position of a central dot determined by all emergent light spots on the observation screen, slightly adjusting the mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system to enable the central dot to translate to the center of a background bright circle, and locking the mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system after the adjusting process is finished.
And, in step 4, the preset angle is-90 °.
Or, in the step 4, the preset angle is-60 degrees.
Moreover, the telescope is a cassegrain telescope.
Or the telescope is a Newton's reflection telescope.
Furthermore, the angle between the downward light emitted by the laser plummet and the vertical direction is less than 0.1 mrad.
Moreover, the observation screen adopts blank white paper.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) the pointing calibration of the optical axis of the telescope to the zenith can be finished only by using a small laser plummet;
2) the adjusting method is suitable for Cassegrain or Newton reflection telescope systems with various calibers;
3) the adjusting process is not limited by time and space, and the method is visual and has high precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an adjustment process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Example 1
Current telescope systems generally comprise a telescope comprising a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, and a mechanical adjustment device. The invention provides a laser plummet and an observation screen.
In embodiment 1, a large-caliber cassegrain telescope with a hole diameter of 1m is fixed on a stable ground through a mechanical adjusting device, and the direction of the optical axis of the telescope is required to be corrected to be aligned with the zenith direction. The laser plummet can be a Suzhou Yiguan DZJ200 model laser plummet product, emits 635nm red laser beams, and has an included angle less than 0.1mrad when the light beams deviate from the vertical direction after correction. The observation screen adopts blank white paper, namely the observation paper screen, the cost of the paper material is low, and the paper material is easy to mark.
In the specific implementation, the laser plummet is adopted to generate visible downward light which is close to the vertical direction, and the deviation angle from the vertical direction is less than 0.1 mrad. Common commercial laser plummet the index easily, and this makes this method very easily realize.
In the embodiment, the method for adjusting the optical axis of the telescope to be accurately aligned with the zenith comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a stable support to be arranged right above a telescope, and then placing a laser plummet on the support. After leveling, the laser plummet automatically emits downward light and irradiates the main mirror surface of the telescope, as shown in the side view of the part a in the attached figure 1.
And 2, opening the aperture of the diaphragm on the focal plane of the telescope to the maximum, and simultaneously placing an observation paper screen along a horizontal plane at a distance behind the diaphragm, as shown in the side view of the part a in the attached drawing 1.
When the device is specifically implemented, the position of the paper screen behind the diaphragm is observed, only the emergent laser beam can be seen, and the paper screen can be adjusted according to whether the operation is convenient or not. The horizontal plane is a plane vertical to the vertical direction, and the laser plummet the horizontal plane when the observation paper screen is placed due to the fact that the laser plummet the accuracy of the laser plummet.
And 3, adjusting a mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system, and changing the optical axis direction of the telescope system until the downward light of the laser plummet passes through the diaphragm aperture after being reflected by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror of the telescope in sequence. At this time, the optical axis of the telescope system is pointed to approach the zenith initially.
And 4, keeping the current aperture of the diaphragm unchanged, recording the corresponding bright emergent light spot position of the emergent light on the observation paper screen, rotating the laser plummet by a rotation amount of 90 degrees, and recording the corresponding emergent light spot position every time the laser plummet rotates for one circle.
The rotation amount of 90 degrees is a preferable scheme, and the rotation amount is about 90 degrees, so that the method is simple and efficient. Other preset angular rotation amounts can be adopted in specific implementation, and six emergent light spots are recorded by only one complete rotation of 360 degrees, for example, 60 degrees.
Step 5, checking whether the four emergent light spots recorded on the observation paper screen are all in the background bright circle:
if not, finely adjusting the mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system, returning to the step 4, and enabling the four emergent light spots to fall into the background bright circle, as shown in the top view of the part b in the attached drawing 1;
if yes, the aperture of the diaphragm is properly reduced. Repeating the step, inspecting again, and entering the step 6 under the precondition that the four emergent light spots can fall in the background bright circle until the aperture of the diaphragm can not be reduced. At this time, the optical axis of the telescope system points to approach the zenith.
In specific implementation, the bright background circle can be directly seen on the observation paper screen and is relatively dark, and the laser beam can exist no matter whether the laser beam can pass through the telescope or not. The background bright circle has a center and can be marked by a cross line.
And 6, tracing the position of a central dot determined by the four emergent light spots (corresponding to the intersection point of two circle center connecting lines determined by the four emergent light spots in the attached drawing 1 b) on the observation paper screen, slightly adjusting the mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system to enable the central dot to be translated to the center of a background bright circle (as shown in the top view of the part c in the attached drawing 1), ending the adjusting process, and locking the mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system. At this time, the optical axis of the telescope system points to the zenith with precision.
Example 2
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that: the Cassegrain telescope is changed into a Newton reflection telescope.
Example 3
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that: the aperture of the telescope is changed from 1m to 0.2 m.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A telescope optical axis is accurate to the adjusting method of zenith, the telescope system includes telescope and mechanical adjusting device, the said telescope includes primary mirror and secondary mirror, characterized by that: the method comprises the following steps that a laser plummet and an observation screen are arranged, the laser plummet is used for emitting downward light which is close to a vertical direction, the downward light is visible light, and the observation screen is used for observing emergent light spots of the downward light after passing through a telescope system in real time;
the process of adjusting the optical axis of the telescope to the zenith accurately comprises the following steps,
step 1, a laser vertical instrument is arranged right above a telescope system, and a vertical collimator is leveled to emit downward light and irradiate a main mirror surface of the telescope system;
step 2, opening the aperture on the focal plane of the telescope system to the maximum, and simultaneously placing an observation screen behind the aperture along the horizontal plane;
step 3, adjusting a mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system, and changing the optical axis direction of the telescope system until the downward light of the laser plummet passes through the diaphragm aperture after being reflected by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror of the telescope in sequence;
step 4, keeping the current aperture of the diaphragm unchanged, recording the corresponding bright emergent light spot position of the emergent light on the observation screen, then rotating the laser plummet by a preset angle of rotation, and recording the corresponding emergent light spot position every time the laser plummet rotates for one circle;
step 5, checking whether all the emergent light spots recorded on the observation screen are in the background bright circle:
if not, finely adjusting the mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system, returning to the step 4, and enabling all emergent light spots to fall into the background bright circle;
if yes, contracting the aperture of the diaphragm in a proper amount, repeating the step, and entering the step 6 under the condition that all emergent light spots can fall into the background bright circle until the aperture of the diaphragm can not be reduced;
and 6, tracing the position of a central dot determined by all emergent light spots on the observation screen, slightly adjusting a mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system to enable the central dot to translate to the center of a background bright circular circle, correcting the pointing direction of an optical axis of the telescope to finish the adjusting process of aligning the zenith direction, and locking the mechanical adjusting device of the telescope system.
2. The method for adjusting the optical axis of a telescope to the zenith accurately according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 4, the preset angle is-90 °.
3. The method for adjusting the optical axis of a telescope to the zenith accurately according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 4, the preset angle is-60 °.
4. A method for adjusting the optical axis of a telescope to the zenith accurately as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the telescope is a Cassegrain telescope.
5. A method for adjusting the optical axis of a telescope to the zenith accurately as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the telescope is a Newton's reflection telescope.
6. A method for adjusting the optical axis of a telescope to the zenith accurately as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the included angle between the lower emergent light emitted by the laser plummet and the vertical direction is less than 0.1 mrad.
7. A method for adjusting the optical axis of a telescope to the zenith accurately as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the observation screen adopts blank white paper.
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Citations (1)
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| CN102032920A (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2011-04-27 | 宜昌市计量检定测试所 | Device and method for calibrating plumb aligner |
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| GB1455029A (en) * | 1973-04-26 | 1976-11-10 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Apparatus for checking the line of sight of a telescope in relation to that of an infra-red goniometer |
| JP3531014B2 (en) * | 1994-06-22 | 2004-05-24 | 株式会社トプコン | Laser aiming device |
| US6731833B2 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2004-05-04 | T-Rex Enterprises Corp. | Optical cross connect switch |
| DE102006036942B4 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2009-10-08 | Leica Camera Ag | Telescope with variable magnification |
| CN101561500B (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2011-08-10 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Automatic laser radar collimating system |
| RU2467286C1 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-11-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Государственный институт прикладной оптики" (ОАО "НПО "ГИПО") | Device to align two-mirror aligned optical system |
| CN104457816A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-25 | 中国地震局地震研究所 | Optical telescope rotary encoder absolute position reference point calibration method |
| CN105510899B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-01-16 | 皖江新兴产业技术发展中心 | A kind of coaxial detecting system of laser radar and its automatic calibrating method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102032920A (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2011-04-27 | 宜昌市计量检定测试所 | Device and method for calibrating plumb aligner |
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