CN109946690A - A kind of object detection method based on pulse energy compress technique - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of object detection methods based on pulse energy compress technique, traditional linear symmetric frequency control battle array is become to the emitting structural of single antenna mulitple frequency source, and then constitute single antenna frequency-diversity system structure, and it is applied to the detection to target, the energy centralization get Geng Gao on Space Object Detection, to there is higher detection accuracy, and then it is able to ascend the accuracy of target acquisition.Single antenna frequency-diversity system structure proposed by the present invention has wide prospect in terms of radar detection, may be based on this structure and carry out more multiple array structure probing into, and is widely used in radar, in wireless communication, has stronger practicability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave radar and wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to one kind is based on pulse energy compress technique
Object detection method design.
Background technique
Array antenna technique has a wide range of applications in fields such as radar, wireless communication, sonar and navigation, according to actually answering
Demand antenna can have different arrangement modes, and most basic can be divided into linear array and face battle array.Compared with individual antenna, battle array
The functions such as beam scanning, wave beam forming and multi-beam may be implemented in array antenna.Domestic and international researcher is often according to array
The function classification of antenna come carry out the research of performance and application, such as phased array antenna, frequency scan antenna, adaptive antenna with
And mimo antennas (MIMO) etc..In recent years, derivative novel array has attracted extensively on the basis of phased array and MIMO
Concern, such as phased array-MIMO, difference array and frequency control array etc., these novel arrays bring more freedom degrees and
Broad application prospect.But whether being the target that phased array or existing frequency control battle array detect in Radar system of target detection
Detection accuracy is all to be improved.Certain compression is carried out to dimensional energy on battle array so if can control based on phased array or frequency
Convergence, and then target acquisition accuracy is improved, that will be significantly.
Phased-array radar is different from tradition machinery scanning radar, and one of advantage is freely realize the space of wave beam
Scanning, thus it is widely used in Radar Targets'Detection and imaging applications.The usual each array element transmitting (reception) of phased-array radar
Be same signal, by each array element output end access phase shifter carry out beam direction control, adjust the phase of phase shifter
Shifting amount can realize the airspace scanning of wave beam.
From physical essence, phased array antenna mainly utilizes the coherence of the radiation field of each antenna element, passes through electricity
The interference in magnetic field is superimposed, and is completed radiation energy and is concentrated in the convergence of angular region dimension, typical process is as shown in Figure 1.It is right
Than Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b) it is not difficult to find that above-mentioned energy centralization centralized procedure is mainly carried out in angle dimension, and in range dimension,
Energy does not carry out convergence concentration.Also, it is concentrated according to power density, and power density is the 1/R according to typical spherical wave
Relationship decay, in this way range transmission antenna get at a distance, energy density will be lower, this will be highly detrimental at a distance
The detection of target.
Frequency control battle array is put forward for the first time in U.S.'s radar annual meeting in 2006, and different from phased array, frequency controls the every of battle array
There are the frequency shift (FS) of a very little between a adjacent antenna (frequency offset is far smaller than centre carrier frequency).Due to antenna
Emission signal frequency is different, and caused Phase Stacking relationship is not also identical in different distances, causes in certain distance unit
Phase is overlapped mutually to form wave crest, and phase cancels out each other to form trough in certain distance unit.This necessarily leads to beam pattern not only
Related with angle and related to distance, this is the main distinction that frequency controls battle array and phased array, and the frequency control most important spy of battle array
Point.
As seen from Figure 2, frequency control battle array spatial energy compaction, which can make up phased array, not can be carried out energy in distance dimension
The shortcomings that convergence, so that frequency control battle array spatial energy compaction is compressed in peacekeeping angle dimension simultaneously, this will greatly improve radar
Target acquisition precision.But frequency control battle array, there is also some problems, one is exactly that the spatial energy compaction of frequency control battle array focuses for one
After band, as can be seen from Figure 2 this is an irregular focal zone, in Radar system of target detection for present position away from
It is lower from the accuracy of calculating；Secondly it is also very complicated in the realization of frequency control battle array, control between a burst of member that there is also mutual coupling frequently
Deng.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of object detection methods based on pulse energy compress technique, visit in extraterrestrial target
Energy centralization get Geng Gao in survey to there is higher detection accuracy, and then is able to ascend the accuracy of target acquisition.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of object detection method based on pulse energy compress technique, including following step
It is rapid:
S1, the initial signal that setting carrier frequency is generated by signal source.
S2, initial signal is assigned as by the road N frequency source signal using power splitter.
S3, the road N frequency source signal is synthesized by detectable signal all the way using combiner, and detection is believed using power amplifier
It number amplifies.
S4, amplified detectable signal is exported by circulator to single antenna detector.
S5, pass through single antenna detector to objective emission detectable signal, and the echo that single antenna detector is received is believed
Number feed back to circulator.
S6, echo-signal is amplified using low-noise amplifier.
S7, modulation is filtered to amplified echo-signal.
S8, A/D sampling is carried out to the modulated echo-signal of filtering, and sampled result is exported to FPGA digital processing
Device.
S9, sampled result is analyzed and processed in FPGA digital processing unit, obtains the echo time, and when according to echo
Between be calculated detection target distance.
Further, N is odd number, and the frequency expression of the n-th road frequency source in step S2 are as follows:
fn=f(N-1)/2+|n-(N-1)/2|·Δf
Wherein fnFor the frequency of the n-th road frequency source, f(N-1)/2For the frequency of the road (N-1)/2 frequency source, Δ f is fixed frequency
Difference, n=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
Further, the far-field energy expression formula of single antenna detector are as follows:
Wherein E indicates the far-field energy of single antenna detector, R0Indicate that the space of the bay of single antenna detector passes
Broadcast distance, fe() is antenna directivity function, ω(N-1)/2Indicate that the angular frequency of (N-1)/2 frequency source, Δ ω are angular frequency
Rate increment, j are imaginary unit, and t is far-field energy propagating time forward, k(N-1)/2Indicate the wave number of (N-1)/2 frequency source,
Δ k is wave number increment, and Δ ψ is phase increment, n=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
Further, step S7 specifically: randomly select frequency source signal all the way and filtered out back as reference frequency signal
The signal different from the frequency of reference frequency signal in wave signal realizes that the filtering to echo-signal is modulated.
Further, the distance calculation formula of target is detected in step S9 are as follows:
Rm=ctm/2
Wherein RmIndicate the distance of detection target, c is the light velocity, tmFor the echo time.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) traditional linear symmetric frequency control battle array is become the emitting structural of single antenna mulitple frequency source by the present invention, and then is constituted
Single antenna frequency-diversity system structure, and it is applied to the detection to target, it is easier to realize compared to traditional frequency control battle array structure,
And there is no the mutual coupling between antenna, and effect is more preferable, have stronger realizability.
(2) single antenna frequency-diversity system structure proposed by the present invention chooses suitable parameter in the case where combining actual conditions,
Dimensional energy can effectively be compressed on distinct program, improve it in the energy of interference fringe, so as to effectively mention
The accuracy of high target acquisition.
(3) single antenna frequency-diversity system structure proposed by the present invention has wide prospect in terms of radar detection,
More multiple array structure can be carried out based on this structure probing into, be widely used in radar, in wireless communication, have stronger practical
Property.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 show phased array spatial energy compaction schematic diagram on angle is tieed up in the prior art.
Fig. 2 show prior art intermediate frequency control battle array spatial energy compaction schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 show single antenna frequency-diversity system structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 show a kind of object detection method process based on pulse energy compress technique provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 5 show typical phased array antenna structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 show linear symmetric frequency control battle array structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 show the dimensional energy interference schematic diagram of different array pitch provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 show 3dB Voice segment bandwidth situation of change schematic diagram under different distance provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 show 3dB energy accumulating bandwidth situation of change schematic diagram under different frequency differences provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 show 3dB energy accumulating bandwidth trend chart under different frequency differences provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 show 3dB energy accumulating bandwidth situation of change under the number of different frequency source provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Figure 12 show 3dB energy accumulating bandwidth variation tendency under the number of different frequency source provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Figure 13 show single antenna frequency control battle array dimensional energy distribution provided in an embodiment of the present invention and ordinary antennas space energy
Measure profiles versus's figure.
Specific embodiment
Carry out detailed description of the present invention illustrative embodiments with reference to the drawings.It should be appreciated that shown in attached drawing and
The embodiment of description is only exemplary, it is intended that is illustrated the principle and spirit of the invention, and is not limited model of the invention
It encloses.
Traditional linear symmetric frequency control battle array is become the emitting structural of single antenna mulitple frequency source, and then structure by the embodiment of the present invention
At single antenna frequency-diversity system structure, as shown in figure 3, and be based on the single antenna frequency-diversity system structure, propose one kind
Based on the object detection method of pulse energy compress technique, as shown in figure 4, including the following steps S1~S9:
S1, the initial signal that setting carrier frequency is generated by signal source.
In the embodiment of the present invention, carrier frequency is set as 1GHz.
S2, initial signal is assigned as by the road N frequency source signal using power splitter.
Wherein N is odd number, and the frequency expression of the n-th road frequency source are as follows:
fn=f(N-1)/2+|n-(N-1)/2|·Δf (1)
Wherein fnFor the frequency of the n-th road frequency source, f(N-1)/2For the frequency of the road (N-1)/2 frequency source, Δ f is fixed frequency
Difference is programmed by FPGA digital processing unit and is generated, n=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that N=21 has 21 frequency sources, then can produce using power splitter same with frequency
21 tunnel signal source of Xiang sets fixed frequency difference Δ f=10kHz, then the 11st phaselocked loop sets frequency difference as 0Hz in Fig. 3, then from
The frequency difference of 12nd to the 21st phaselocked loop is successively set as 10kHz, 20kHz, 30kHz, 40kHz, 50kHz, 60kHz,
70kHz, 80kHz, 90kHz, 100kHz, similarly phaselocked loop is also set according to this from the 10th to the 1st.
S3, the road N frequency source signal is synthesized by detectable signal all the way using combiner, and detection is believed using power amplifier
It number amplifies.
S4, amplified detectable signal is exported by circulator to single antenna detector.
S5, pass through single antenna detector to objective emission detectable signal, and the echo that single antenna detector is received is believed
Number feed back to circulator.
A kind of typical phased array antenna structure schematic diagram is given as shown in Figure 5, by antenna in phased array system
The phase and amplitude coordinated control of the electric feed signal of unit can complete emitted electromagnetic energy in different spaces deflection
Convergence concentrate, main theoretical basis of the reform of Chinese economic structure is as follows:
Phased array far-field array factors A F are as follows:
Wherein a0For unit amplitude, n is antenna ordinal number, and N is antenna sum, and j is imaginary unit, and k is wave number, and d is antenna
Array pitch, θ are aerial array space orientation angle, and Δ ψ is phase increment, its calculation formula is:
Δ ψ=kd sin θ0 (3)
Wherein θ0It is directed toward the angle for assuming target point for aerial array, can emulate to obtain as shown in Figure 1 according to formula (2)
Phased array space energy profile.
In the theoretical basis of phased array, a kind of new simplest linear symmetric frequency control battle array structure, such as Fig. 6 can be proposed
It is shown.
Since typical frequency controls the radiated far field of battle array are as follows:
Wherein anFor the amplitude of n-th of antenna element, n is antenna ordinal number, and N is antenna sum, ψnIt is initial for n-th of antenna
Phase, knFor the wave number of n-th of antenna, ωnFor the angular frequency of n-th of antenna, t is far-field energy propagating time forward, RnIt is
The spatial distance of n antenna, fe() is antenna directivity function, and θ is aerial array space orientation angle, and φ is antenna
Plane is directed toward angle (being 0 ° in the embodiment of the present invention), and has:
ψn=-n Δ ψ (5)
ωn=ω0+nΔω (6)
kn=k0+nΔk (7)
Wherein Δ ψ is phase increment, and Δ ω is angular frequency increment, and Δ k is wave number increment, ω0For initial angular frequency, k0For
Initial wave number.
It can be obtained according to far field triangle approximation again
Rn≈R0-nd cosθ (8)
Bringing formula (5), (6), (7), (8) into formula (4) has:
Wherein R0For the distance of the 1st antenna to target acquisition point, then can emulate to obtain such as Fig. 2 institute according to formula (9)
The frequency control battle array dimensional energy distribution figure shown.
According to formula (9), linear symmetric frequency control battle array far field Superposition Formula shown in fig. 6 are as follows:
Wherein E indicates the far-field energy of single antenna detector, R0Indicate the 1st distance of the antenna to target acquisition point, fe
() is antenna directivity function, ω(N-1)/2Indicate that the angular frequency of (N-1)/2 frequency source, Δ ω are angular frequency increment, j
For imaginary unit, t is far-field energy propagating time forward, k(N-1)/2Indicate the wave number of (N-1)/2 frequency source, Δ k is wave
Number increment, Δ ψ are phase increment, n=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
Fig. 6 is observed, places two groups of frequency control antenna arrays, the feed letter of every group of antenna array adjacent antenna units around origin symmetry
Number there are a fixed frequency difference Δ f, and meet coherent relationship, and when analysis antenna spacing changes, dimensional energy is tieed up in distance
The interference pattern of degree is as shown in Figure 7.
The dimensional energy interference pattern of different antennae spacing from Fig. 7, with the reduction of antenna spacing d, energy by
Two original interference curves, gradually merge into an interference curve, under extreme case, as shown in Fig. 5 (d), when antenna spacing
When very little is approximately zero, i.e., all antenna elements are completely coincident in position, when array antenna degeneration is an element antenna,
Energy will be totally absorbed on an interference curve.Frequency control antenna array system at this time is equivalent to structure as shown in Figure 3.From Fig. 3
Equivalent circuit structure can be seen that when the multichannel coherent signal of one fixed frequency difference of difference carries out multichannel synthesis and is output to list all the way
When a antenna, radiation field will interfere in distance dimension, form strong and weak alternate interference energy band, and this energy band is with the light velocity
C is pushed ahead, and is radiated to complete radiation energy in the compression of range dimension.And this single antenna frequency-diversity system structure
It is also easy to realize, also without the influence coupled between antenna.
The structure of analysis chart 3 becomes single antenna mulitple frequency source emitting structural it is found that controlling battle array due to linear symmetric frequency, right
Rn=R0- nd sin θ has become Rn=R0, therefore formula (10) becomes:
N no longer indicates antenna ordinal number in formula (11), but indicates frequency source ordinal number；And since linear symmetric frequency being controlled
Battle array becomes single antenna mulitple frequency source emitting structural, R0Also no longer indicate the 1st antenna arrive target acquisition point distance, but expression
The spatial distance of the bay of single antenna detector,
S6, echo-signal is amplified using low-noise amplifier.
S7, modulation is filtered to amplified echo-signal.
Randomly select all the way frequency source signal as reference frequency signal (in the embodiment of the present invention choose first via frequency source
Signal f0), signal different from the frequency of reference frequency signal in echo-signal is filtered out, realizes the filtering tune to echo-signal
System.
S8, A/D sampling is carried out to the modulated echo-signal of filtering, and sampled result is exported to FPGA digital processing
Device.
S9, sampled result is analyzed and processed in FPGA digital processing unit, obtains the echo time, and when according to echo
Between be calculated detection target distance.
Further, the distance calculation formula of target is detected in step S9 are as follows:
Rm=ctm/2 (12)
Wherein RmIndicate the distance of detection target, c is the light velocity, tmFor the echo time.
Spatial energy compaction effect of the invention is described in detail with specific experiment example below.
The concept for introducing a 3dB pulse concentration band (reduces 3dB pulse concentration from the ceiling capacity of each focus point
Bandwidth), the influence that difference factor discussed in detail below compresses pulse:
(1) different distance down space energy compression situation of change.
As shown in figure 8, the 3dB pulse concentration bandwidth of different distance all changes in 3km or so, no under same frequency difference
The error change of same distance also below 0.3km, it follows that: although energy in transmission process exist loss,
Upper 3dB pulse concentration bandwidth for the different distance in same far-field pattern be approximately it is identical, illustrate 3dB pulse concentration
Bandwidth will not change as distance changes.
(2) different frequency differences and pulse compress and relationship.
There are conclusions, analyzes the relationship of 3dB pulse concentration bandwidth and frequency difference.According to Fig. 9 as can be seen that frequency difference is got over
Greatly, 3dB pulse aggregation bandwidth is narrower, and pulse is compressed better.For clearer its situation of change of analysis, obtain such as figure
3dB energy accumulating bandwidth trend chart under difference deviation shown in 10.
Analysis chart 10 is available, the proportional variation with the variation of different frequency differences of 3dB pulse concentration bandwidth, therefore frequency
Difference it is bigger, for width with regard to smaller, energy compression must be narrower, and wherein main one the reason is that because frequency control battle array apart from the period be c/
Δf。
(3) relationship of different frequency source number and pulse compression.
There is above analysis, continues to analyze the influence that different frequency source number compresses 3dB pulse focusing bandwidth.Such as
Shown in Figure 11, space beam energy is distributed when wherein Figure 11 (a) is N=11,3dB Voice segment bandwidth when Figure 11 (b) is N=11
Degree, space beam energy is distributed when Figure 11 (c) is N=21,3dB Voice segment bandwidth when Figure 11 (d) is N=21, Figure 11 (e)
Space beam energy is distributed when for N=41,3dB Voice segment bandwidth when Figure 11 (f) is N=41, when Figure 11 (g) is N=81
Spatial beams Energy distribution, 3dB Voice segment bandwidth when Figure 11 (h) is N=81.
As seen from Figure 11, with the increase of frequency source number, energy compression obtain it is narrower, in order to further illustrate its change
Change situation, obtains 3dB Voice segment bandwidth trend chart under different frequency source number shown in Figure 12.It can be seen by Figure 12
Out, increase frequency source number in a certain range, can effectively improve impulse compressing result, variation is similar to index proportion and becomes
Change, therefore in the certain frequency source number of increase, at this moment reach certain frequency source number saturation, very big will not promote its pressure
Contracting effect.Therefore, it is not that frequency source number is The more the better, needs to choose suitable frequency source number according to the actual situation.
(4) single antenna frequency-diversity system dimensional energy distribution and ordinary antennas dimensional energy distribution relationship.
In order to preferably analyze single antenna frequency control battle array dimensional energy and ordinary antennas dimensional energy relationship, selecting frequency source
Number is distributed as dimensional energy point of 11,21,31 etc. three kinds of situations in the dimensional energy distribution and zero deflection under frequency difference is 20kHz
Relationship when cloth, obtains Figure 13.
It can be obtained by Figure 13 first, single antenna frequency-diversity system obviously can be to varying degrees to arteries and veins compared to ordinary antennas
Energy is rushed to be compressed, although secondly can be seen that dimensional energy with the increase of distance, energy is constantly being decayed, for
The dimensional energy and zero deflection dimensional energy difference of different focal spots when frequency difference are substantially constant, and are demonstrate,proved from side
The appropriate increase for the frequency source number analyzed before being illustrated can effective room for promotion energy compression.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill disclosed the technical disclosures can make according to the present invention and various not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific variations and combinations of kind, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of object detection method based on pulse energy compress technique, which comprises the following steps:
S1, the initial signal that setting carrier frequency is generated by signal source；
S2, initial signal is assigned as by the road N frequency source signal using power splitter；
S3, the road N frequency source signal is synthesized by detectable signal all the way using combiner, and using power amplifier to detectable signal into
Row amplification；
S4, amplified detectable signal is exported by circulator to single antenna detector；
S5, pass through single antenna detector to objective emission detectable signal, and the echo-signal that single antenna detector is received is anti-
It is fed to circulator；
S6, echo-signal is amplified using low-noise amplifier；
S7, modulation is filtered to amplified echo-signal；
S8, A/D sampling is carried out to the modulated echo-signal of filtering, and sampled result is exported to FPGA digital processing unit；
S9, sampled result is analyzed and processed in FPGA digital processing unit, obtains the echo time, and count according to the echo time
It calculates and obtains the distance of detection target.
2. object detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that N is odd number, and the n-th tunnel in the step S2
The frequency expression of frequency source are as follows:
fn=f(N-1)/2+|n-(N-1)/2|·Δf
Wherein fnFor the frequency of the n-th road frequency source, f(N-1)/2For the frequency of the road (N-1)/2 frequency source, Δ f is fixed frequency difference, n
=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
3. object detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the far-field energy table of the single antenna detector
Up to formula are as follows:
Wherein E indicates the far-field energy of single antenna detector, R0Indicate single antenna detector bay spatial away from
From fe() is antenna directivity function, and ω (N-1)/2 indicates that the angular frequency of (N-1)/2 frequency source, Δ ω are angular frequency
Increment, j are imaginary unit, and t is far-field energy propagating time forward, k(N-1)/2Indicate the wave number of (N-1)/2 frequency source, Δ
K is wave number increment, and Δ ψ is phase increment, n=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
4. object detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S7 specifically: randomly select one
Road frequency source signal filters out signal different from the frequency of reference frequency signal in echo-signal as reference frequency signal,
Realize that the filtering to echo-signal is modulated.
5. object detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that detect the distance meter of target in the step S9
Calculate formula are as follows:
Rm=ctm/2
Wherein RmIndicate the distance of detection target, c is the light velocity, tmFor the echo time.
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