CN109944693A - A kind of engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of engines, including active cylinder and assistant cylinder and self-starting lubricating system, the self-starting lubricating system is pumped to the position that engine needs to lubricate after heating lubricating oil by independent startup before the engine is started, active piston is equipped in the active cylinder, auxiliary piston is equipped in the assistant cylinder, it is connected between the active piston and auxiliary piston by effort-saving mechanism, bidirectional reciprocating generator is provided on the active cylinder and assistant cylinder, reaction type control principle based on actual load controls spark rate by the way of closed-loop control, to match the actual load of ignition times and active cylinder, and filter core is provided on the pipeline of engine；It is realized based on labor-saving structure laborsaving and reduces energy consumption, the effect that can be realized and reduce abrasion, improve fuel combustion efficiency.

Description

A kind of engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of engines, specially a kind of engine.

Background technique

Engine plays very important effect in the existing modern life, however how to be effectively reduced in the prior art Loss, the efficiency for improving engine is a problem in the industry.Although being done under prior art conditions to raising engine efficiency Very big effort, but to sum up, existing engine still has following defect:

1, the piston of conventional crank connecting rod engine directly drives the rotary motion of crankshaft, cannot be significantly laborsaving, also not Energy consumption can be greatly lowered；

2, for rotary engine, the main portions of movement are sliding friction, and frictional dissipation is very high, and there is also It is poorly sealed, the defects of insufficient pressure；

3, cold start-up dry friction is very big to engine wear, causes the engine economic life shorter；

4, conventional filter core inlet and outlet internal diameter is equally big, and flow velocity is slow, whole iron impurities can not be removed, lead to part iron Matter impurity participates in repeatedly circulation, increases friction and oil consumption；

5, conventional engine is mostly two-stroke or four strokes, and only once, the thermal efficiency is relatively low for each circular work number, and And conventional engine compression ratio is fixed, oil consumption is high, and for common rotor class engine, abrasion is big, and compression ratio is low, regardless of real How border load often rotates a circle, and oil consumption is high three times for constant ignition, for normal reciprocating engine regardless of actual loading Always it is in constant spark rate state, oil consumption is very high, and general gas turbine is regardless of actual loading is always in constant Spark rate state, oil consumption are high, it is difficult to be applied to the vehicles such as automobile.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of that prior art, the present invention provide a kind of engine, can effectively solve background technique It is proposed that energy consumption cannot not be greatly lowered using effort-saving mechanism and be cold-started the dry friction problem big to engine wear, And also having combined conventional engine cannot be removed effectively the problem of impurity causes impurity to participate in circulation.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

A kind of engine, including active cylinder and assistant cylinder and self-starting lubricating system, the self-starting lubricating system Be pumped to the position that engine needs to lubricate, in the master after lubricating oil being heated by independent startup before the engine is started Cylinder of taking offence is interior to be equipped with active piston, auxiliary piston is equipped in the assistant cylinder, between the active piston and auxiliary piston It is connected by effort-saving mechanism；

Bidirectional reciprocating generator is provided on the active cylinder and assistant cylinder, if the active cylinder is in series with Dry compressor, and filter core is provided on the pipeline of engine.

There is annular recessed as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, on the side wall of the active piston and auxiliary piston Slot, the annular groove is interior to be in oil immersion state and is provided with piston ring free to rotate, is equipped in the annular groove The high pressure spray oilhole and high pressure oil-sucking hole of circulation loop are formed by peripheral hardware pipeline.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the effort-saving mechanism is specially lever mechanism, in hydraulic cylinder mechanism Any one.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lever mechanism includes connecting respectively with active cylinder piston rod Lever stock and the lever quarter butt that is connect with assistant cylinder piston rod, the lever stock and lever quarter butt pass through balance pivot Connection, the active cylinder piston rod drive assistant cylinder piston rod movement by lever stock and lever quarter butt, then will auxiliary The reciprocating motion that cylinder piston rod passes through is converted to the rotary motion output power of crankshaft.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the bidirectional reciprocating generator includes two coaxial fitting contacts Rotary shaft, the end of the rotary shaft is equipped with rotate gear, is equipped between two rotate gears for being driven in the reverse direction Special shape gear group.

It further include self-starting lubricating system as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the self-starting lubricating system Including high-pressure oil pump and independent electric starting system, the independent electric heating dress for heating lubricating oil is provided in the high-pressure oil pump It sets, by independent electrical startup system control, the high-pressure oil pump adds in lubricating oil for the high-pressure oil pump and independent electric heater unit Engine is delivered to by pressure piping after heat to high fever, degree of lubrication prompt system is provided in the engine lubricated.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the filter core includes Venturi tube filter core, and on the literary mound In be provided with strong magnet rotor in pipe filter core.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, compression set and circulation cylinder are installed outside the active cylinder, Tail gas is realized into multistage compression by compression set and enters circulating air cylinder, the tail gas in circulation cylinder can be by multistage swollen Active cylinder is entered by air inlet pipe again after swollen, and is balanced during compression and expansion by heat-exchange system, in heat Replace water is cooling to carry out heat exchange by fuel oil expansion gasification in exchange system, and when air enters first passes through heat-exchange system and adds Combustion chamber is entered back into after heat, and spark rate is controlled by feedback control system after recycled offgas enters active cylinder.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) present invention can be significantly laborsaving using effort-saving mechanism, and energy consumption is greatly lowered, and designs direct-furnish in key position High pressure oil recycles injection tubing, and high pressure oil is first injected region of interest by high-pressure oil pump before starting and increases lubrication, is normally being transported Stop the system after turning, the abrasion of engine key position can be greatly lowered, improve its service life, it is strong using venturi Magnetic filter cartridge construction can accelerate flow velocity, and clear all iron impurities, reduce engine scuffing, and oil consumption is greatly reduced, and double drive is arranged Dynamic electrical power generators, further increase fuel oil utilization efficiency；

(2) main portions are become into sliding friction as rolling friction, energy consumption can be greatly lowered, poly cycle engine can To greatly improve the thermal efficiency, using Ratios, oil consumption can be greatly lowered, rotor class engine is used according to load adjustment The mode of spark rate may be implemented substantially fuel-efficient.

Detailed description of the invention

It, below will be to embodiment party in order to illustrate more clearly of embodiments of the present invention or technical solution in the prior art Formula or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described.It should be evident that the accompanying drawings in the following description is only It is merely exemplary, it for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also basis The attached drawing of offer, which is extended, obtains other implementation attached drawings.

Structure depicted in this specification, ratio, size etc., only to cooperate the revealed content of specification, for Those skilled in the art understands and reads, and is not intended to limit the invention enforceable qualifications, therefore does not have technical Essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size are not influencing the function of the invention that can be generated Under effect and the purpose that can reach, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents obtain and can cover.

Fig. 1 is entire block diagram schematic diagram of the invention；

Fig. 2 is annular groove setting structure schematic diagram of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is bidirectional reciprocating electric generator structure schematic diagram of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is that the strong magnetic centrifugal type of the present invention filters structural schematic diagram；

Figure label: 1- active cylinder；2- assistant cylinder；3- self-starting lubricating system；4- active piston；5- auxiliary is lived Plug；6- effort-saving mechanism；7- bidirectional reciprocating generator；8- compressor；9- filter core；10- annular groove；11- piston ring；12- pressure Compression apparatus；13- recycles cylinder；14- heat-exchange system；

301- high-pressure oil pump；302- independence electric starting system；303- independence electric heater unit；304- degree of lubrication prompt system System；

701- rotary shaft；702- rotate gear；703- special shape gear group；

901- Venturi tube filter core；The strong magnet rotor of 902-.

Specific embodiment

Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by particular specific embodiment below, those skilled in the art can be by this explanation Content disclosed by book is understood other advantages and efficacy of the present invention easily, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one Section Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work out, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, it the present invention provides a kind of engine, including active cylinder 1 and assistant cylinder 2 and opens certainly Dynamic lubricating system 3, the self-starting lubricating system 3 pump after being heated lubricating oil by independent startup before the engine is started The position lubricated is needed to engine, and active piston 4 is respectively equipped in the active cylinder 1 and assistant cylinder 2 and auxiliary is lived Plug 5 is connected between the active piston 4 and auxiliary piston 5 by effort-saving mechanism 6, and the active cylinder is logical according to actual loading It crosses closed-loop control system and realizes matched feedback adjustment.

Simultaneously engine valve and throttle utilize the raising air-flow of Venturi tube under equal conditions by a relatively large margin and The spouting velocity of oil stream, to improve efficiency of combustion.In addition, in above-mentioned feedback regulation, specifically: crankshaft passes through crank connecting link knot Rotary motion is converted into reciprocating motion by structure, and circulation oil inlet cylinder, circulation air inlet cylinder bore may be designed as cylinder, pass through work Plug movement reasonably adjusts oil pressure, air pressure, reaches reasonable value always, is separately connected venturi throttle, venturi valve, the gas Door, throttle can continuously adjust distributive value, jet amount by electromagnetic flow control valve according to engine load conditions, according to computer The parameters such as the actual load of inside setting and distributive value, jet amount, injection pressure, whiff pressure, inlet and outlet door switch time Relationship is easier to realize that optimum pressure, optimal air-fuel ratio, crankshaft can also connect the high pressure oil of other forms by gear Pump, air pump realize the reasonable control to oil pressure, air pressure.

Jet amount, distributive value can be controlled according to payload can be used closed-loop control to guarantee this reasonable frequency Mode controls oil spout, jet frequency, i.e., the load of the engine of sending will be determined engine oil spout, jet number, Load signal can be sampled, and be fed back in the control system of control oil spout, the variation of jet frequency, go control oil spout, spray Gas number, oil spout under high load capacity, whiff pressure is high, frequency is high, and oil spout under underload, whiff pressure is low, frequency is low, especially exists It is mainly operated using waste gas circulation driving engine in the case of underload.Pass through feedback control principle, so that it may allow oil spout, jet Number has matched with engine load, and this maximum benefit of way is that of avoiding always in high power, high oil consumption state, root Oil spout, jet number can be adjusted continuously, in time according to actual load, to realize substantially fuel-efficient purpose.

The core of aforesaid way is to obtain high-energy compaction oil and high-energy compaction air by compression, then be closed according to load Enter combustion chamber after reason proportion, to can obtain optimal air-fuel ratio under any circumstance, this point is and existing engine Entirely different, and it is particularly suitable for rotor class engine.

Aforesaid way can first pass through micromotor driving high-pressure oil pump and high-pressure pump before automobile starting, as Auxiliary starting system.The Starting mode is similar to self-starting lubricating system 3 hereinafter.Multicylinder engine can only setting one Total air inlet circulation cylinder and total oil inlet circulation cylinder connect combustion cylinders by branch pipe, bypass flow control valve, multiple can also set It sets.For hybrid vehicle, motor direct-drive high-pressure oil pump, high-pressure pump also can use, adjust oil pressure, air pressure, lead to Venturi nozzle is crossed, according to actual load, is realized by closed-loop control system and the stepless continuous adjustment of distributive value, jet amount is reached To optimum pressure, optimal air-fuel ratio to achieve the purpose that improve efficiency of combustion, fuel-efficient to greatest extent.

For the vehicles, actual travel situation is extremely complex, and load condition is also extremely complex, conventional variable valve Timing system does not use brain comprehensive feedback control technology, is endured by multiple valve tops, axial cam shaft-type governor, change type valve The compositions such as bar composition, structure is complicated, is prone to wear damage, and stepless continuous adjustment, fuel-economizing cannot be realized according to actual load Ability is limited.The inventive structure is simple, durable, can be realized easily by computer closed-loop feedback control system according to reality Load condition stepless continuous adjusts the variation of distributive value, jet amount, injection pressure, whiff pressure, is closed by electron controls technology Reason realizes that air inlet, evacuation time match, the proportion compression first before entering combustion chamber, into burning after can carry out secondary pressure Contracting proportion, realization variable compression ratio that can be more succinct reach optimum pressure, optimal air-fuel ratio, are particularly suitable for rotor class Engine, Kui Xi class engine, provide possibility for its large-scale application, improve efficiency of combustion, to greatest extent to really realize Fuel-efficient purpose.

For reciprocating engine, there is annular groove 10 on the side wall of the active piston 4 and auxiliary piston 5, It is in oil immersion state in the annular groove 10 and is provided with piston ring 11 free to rotate, is equipped in the annular groove The high pressure spray oilhole and high pressure oil-sucking hole that circulation loop is formed by peripheral hardware pipeline, realize lubrication by way of oil immersion, and Closed loop is formed, the recycling lubricating oil as synchronous as possible in addition to meeting with piston ring rotation lubrication.

For rotary engine, fluted, internal high-voltage nozzle opening, high pressure oil-sucking hole, so as to most is arranged in apex angle The reduction lubrication oil consumption of limits；Sliding friction is become rolling friction by built-in roller or needle roller, and sealing is by strong The effect of big centrifugal force, therefore even if seal assembly such as roller or needle roller because of drawing small, can still be close to cylinder wall and realize lubrication Sealing, to thoroughly solve the defect that rotor class engine is poorly sealed and abrasion is big.

The effort-saving mechanism 6 is specially lever mechanism, any one in hydraulic cylinder mechanism.

The lever mechanism include the lever stock being connect respectively with 1 piston rod of active cylinder and with 2 piston of assistant cylinder The lever quarter butt of bar connection, the lever stock are connected with lever quarter butt by balance pivot, and especially active cylinder output is dynamic When fluctuation is big, such as poly cycle engine, when being done work using fuel oil expansion or tail gas, output power may be less than fuel oil and fire Acting output power is burnt, increases long arm lengths at this time, reduces galianconism length, so that output pressure approximation keeps stablizing, function It is that the back and forth movement of active cylinder piston is first passed through into lever construction connection assistant cylinder piston, then turned by assistant cylinder piston The power that becomes the rotary motion of crankshaft, while will act on piston is changed into the torque that crankshaft externally exports, to drive automobile Vehicle wheel rotation.The structure takes full advantage of lever force-saving principle, obtains same output torque revolving speed, it is only necessary to consume non-lever Lever short arm/lever of formula crank connecting link engine is the ratio between long-armed, and oil-saving effect is obvious.

Above structure is particularly suitable for the new energy engines such as air-powered motor because this kind of new energy driving force compared with It is low, several times torque can be exported by lever construction, provide good prospect for its large-scale application.Fuel combustion acting mainly exists It is carried out in active cylinder, assistant cylinder mainly moves reciprocatingly, and does not burn, non-lever brace and connecting rod framework engine category In mature technology, can be transformed on the basis of this again.In addition, for common rotor engine, quasiturbine and combustion gas wheel The internal combustion engines such as machine, driving shaft directly connects the external output power of gearbox by clutch, not laborsaving not fuel-efficient, can be using province Power structure, such as driving shaft, asessory shaft structure, then variable turn of externally output is connect with gearbox by clutch on asessory shaft Square and revolving speed.In order to realize power-saving function, when conditions permit, as make length lever ratio sufficiently large as possible, other classes It is also required to accomplish laborsaving maximization as far as possible like labor-saving structure.

Another more feasible mode is using hydraulic cylinder structure, and the upward stretches out cylinder lid connection of master cylinder piston bar is big Volume hydraulic cylinder, auxiliary cylinder piston rod connect small volume hydraulic cylinder upwardly through cylinder head, and large and small hydraulic cylinder passes through oil together Pipe is connect with leakproof fuel cell, and wherein master cylinder sectional area is big, and auxiliary cylinder sectional area is small, and auxiliary cylinder reciprocating motion of the pistons drives Connecting rod drives crank to rotate output torque.When main oil cylinder piston is located at minimum point, auxiliary cylinder piston is located at highest point, at this time Auxiliary cylinder, whole oil pipes and fuel tank are each filled with hydraulic oil, when main oil cylinder piston moves upwards, hydraulic oil are driven also to transport upwards It is dynamic to be full of master cylinder, while service tank liquid level descent tape dynamic auxiliary oil cylinder piston moves down；When main oil cylinder piston reaches most When high point, auxiliary cylinder piston is located at minimum point, and movement can export lasting torque so on circulate.Similarly exported Torque rotary speed, it is only necessary to consume (the small piston diameter/big piston diameter) of non-piston rotary engine, i.e. piston-mode motor Fuel consumption=non- piston type engine fuel consumption * (small piston diameter/big piston diameter).This kind of design structure is simple, work can It leans on, low noise, deceleration device when realizing reciprocating motion, can be removed from it, and there is no drive gap, movement is steady.

1 piston rod of active cylinder drives 2 piston rod movement of assistant cylinder by lever stock and lever quarter butt, then will The reciprocating motion that 2 piston rod of assistant cylinder passes through is converted to the rotary motion output power of crankshaft.

Bidirectional reciprocating generator 7 is provided on the active cylinder 1 and assistant cylinder 2, the active cylinder 1 is connected Have several compressors 8, and the reaction type control principle based on actual load by the way of closed-loop control to spark rate into Row control, to match the actual load of ignition times and active cylinder 1, and is provided with filter core 9 on the pipeline of engine.

It for rotary engine or quasiturbine insufficient pressure problem, can be connected, make and fire of an engine Burning machine uses, tail gas drive one or more swept volumes much larger than the rotary engine of combustor, quasiturbine or its His air compressor, uses as compressor, is equivalent to and substantially expands induction stroke volume, and rotor class engine power is big, Can be with the more air of inspiration, generation pressure-air enters combustion chamber and burns with fuel oil.It in addition can be according to engine load Flexible choice one or more compressor participates in process of calming the anger, and changes admission pressure, and then realize variable compression ratio.In combination with Burning is changed using gear & rack structure, hydraulic column or other similar the device disengaging being mounted on combustion chamber cylinder wall or rotor The mode of room volume, available very high compression ratio provide reliable guarantee for the production of this kind of prime mover industry metaplasia.Setting is reasonable Spark rate control system, with according to payload light a fire 1 time, 2 times, three times or every turn of several week igniting are primary, to guarantee This reasonable spark rate, must just adjust ignition times in due course, and the mode that closed-loop control can be used controls spark rate The load of the engine on of sending will be determined rotor class number of times of engine ignition by system, rotor each rotation can be by load Signal sampling, and be fed back in the control system of control spark rate variation, remove control ignition times, high load capacity down-firing Frequency is high, and underload down-firing frequency is low, particularly with more stroke rotary engine, quasiturbine, mainly leads under underload Waste gas circulation acting is crossed, passes through feedback control principle, so that it may allow ignition times to have matched with engine load, this way is most Big benefit is that of avoiding rotor class engine and is in high power, high oil consumption state always, is adjusted in time a little according to actual load Fiery number, to realize substantially fuel-efficient purpose.For compressed air class rotor class engine, feedback control original also can use Reason adjusts compressed air jet in due course and expands number, realizes similar control, save compressed air, improve its mileage travelled.Rotor Class or quasiturbine are particularly suitable for the driving of the new energy vehicles such as compressed air, ethyl alcohol.

The bidirectional reciprocating generator 7 reversely rotates structure using coaxial, specifically includes two coaxial fitting contacts The end of rotary shaft 701, the rotary shaft 701 is equipped with rotate gear 702, is equipped with and is used between two rotate gears 702 The special shape gear group 703 being driven in the reverse direction.

Stator and rotor relative movement can cut more magnetic lines of force than one-way movement, export bigger generated output, stablize Operation can produce stabling current.Generator can be coaxially disposed, and can also be worm and wormwheel structure by crankshaft designs, non-coaxial The coaxial structure that reversely rotates is arranged using turbine to generate electricity.

Bidirectional reciprocating generator 7 includes two ways, one is permanent magnet or electromagnet, cylinder are arranged on piston Outer to pass through setting moving coil, relative motion cutting magnetic line is forming electric current in coil；The second is line is arranged on piston Movement electromagnet or permanent magnet is arranged in circle, cylinder outside, and the same cutting magnetic line relatively that generates generates electric current.Magnet and coil phase More magnetic lines of force can be cut to motion ratio one-way movement, export bigger generated output.Stable operation can produce stabling current, Generated electricity stream can store or directly drive vehicle operation.

Labor-saving structure is added in repacking on the basis of current mature engine, and overall balance design turns obtaining equally exporting Achieve the purpose that significantly fuel-efficient on the basis of square, that is, reaches and realize substantially on the basis of mature vehicle operating rate at present Fuel-efficient purpose is spent, current Engine Downsizing, light-weighted development trend is also complied with.

The filter core 9 includes Venturi tube filter core 901, and is provided with strong magnetic in the Venturi tube filter core 901 and turns Son 902, fluid is by the thick mouth of Venturi tube filter core 901 into and being gone out by osculum, turned when flowing through strong magnet rotor 902 by strong magnetic The high speed centrifugation and magnetic attraction of son 902 filter impurity therein.

Rotor inner wall installs cylindrical strong magnet or electromagnet, and when oil, which enters rotor, to be come out from nozzle, rotor just flies It rotates fastly, cleans the intracorporal oil of rotor, the impurity in oil, which is centrifuged, to be thrown in rotor inner wall, and wherein iron impurities are Make all be adsorbed when revolving speed is lower, the oil stream that nozzle comes out returns to oil sump.The characteristics of centrifugal oil filter It is that performance is stablized, the filter core not needed replacing, as long as regular dismounting rotor, dirt of the clean deposition in rotor wall can weigh again It is new to use.Its service life can be equal with engine.It is magnetic sufficiently strong as long as revolving speed is sufficiently high, then there is good filtering to iron impurities Effect.

Using Venturi tube ferromagnetism filter cartridge construction, not only purification capacity is strong, and flowing velocity is fast, and can be harm most Big ultra micro iron impurities are removed completely, prevent its from participating in circulation abrasion, increasing service life of engine；Simultaneously because lubrication effect Fruit is stronger, and engine friction loss, oil consumption can also be greatly reduced.

Engine lubrication system designs at present, is all by driving high-pressure oil pump to realize to important while starting engine Position is lubricated, and inevitable formed is cold-started dry friction, huge to engine scuffing.Studies have shown that working as automobile engine After stalling 4 hours, all lubricating oil on frictional interface all be will back flow into grease-box.At this moment start engine, by Also have little time to get to lubricating oil into each lubricant housings in oil pump, the dry friction that periodically lubrication is lost can be generated in the short time, from And the serious exception of engine is caused to wear by force.This strong abrasion is that lubricating oil is insurmountable.It in order to solve the above problem, can be with The high hot-oil circulation injection tubing system of direct-furnish high pressure is designed in key position.

It further include self-starting lubricating system 3, the self-starting lubricating system 3 includes high-pressure oil pump 301 and independently electrically activates System 302 is provided with the independent electric heater unit 303 for heating lubricating oil, the high-pressure oil pump in the high-pressure oil pump 301 301 and independent electric heater unit 303 controlled by independent electric starting system 302, the high-pressure oil pump 301 is heated in lubricating oil Engine is delivered to by pressure piping after high fever, degree of lubrication prompt system 304 is provided in the engine lubricated.

The first step starts independent electric heating system and is heated to obtain high fever lubricating oil to lubricating oil before engine start, the Two steps start high-pressure oil pump by independent electric starting system, and the high hot oil of high pressure is first forcedly injected region of interest by the high hot oil pump of high pressure Lubrication is realized, using the pressure of pump by machine oil force feed to each position of engine.Machine oil after lubrication can be along approach such as casing walls It returns in oil sump, repetitive cycling uses.Third step starts engine, stops the autonomous system after normal operation.Lubricate journey Degree prompt system can detecte and show current lubricating oil distribution situation, could start engine after only realizing lubrication enough, Can be automatic, it can also manually boot.

Concrete mode is divided into following two: a kind of mode is to roll (or sliding) friction piston ring to set in bottom portion of groove Meter high pressure high fever lubricating oil aperture sprays high pressure high fever lubricating oil outward, sprays profit by the straight-through aperture designed on the piston ring Lubricating oil realizes lubrication, and piston ring is in addition to radial hole, also design is backwards to combustion chamber axial aperture at cylinder wall, so that spray Lubricating oil will not enter combustion chamber out, and high pressure oil is injected by piston axial direction oil circuit, in addition in main bearings system (groove-bottom High pressure fuel injector aperture is arranged in portion, bearing shell), the key positions such as air distribution system (cam be arranged high pressure fuel injector aperture) be also provided with similar system System, eliminates as much as dry friction situation when starting, can greatly reduce frictional force, reduces abrasion, basic ideas are exactly first to lead to It crosses after carrying out reasonable lubrication to key position independently of engine system starting high-pressure oil pump and restarts engine；Another sets Meter pneumatic mode is that insertion initiation key turns 45 degree first starting high-pressure oil pump lubricating systems, (or is designed as only related every 30 seconds Key position show sufficient lubrication after can just be rotated further by 45 degree of starting engines) key position display sufficient lubrication after be rotated further by 45 degree Start engine, can be improved the engine economic life to avoid abrasion of the dry friction to engine is cold-started in this way, it is a kind of feasible Heating method high fever lubricating oil can be obtained using electrically heated mode in the case where completely cutting off air condition.

In addition, the alterable compression ratio of the active cylinder 1, and alterable compression ratio method particularly includes:

1, adjust the position of piston top dead center and lower dead center, a kind of mode be set as one in axis place can be with Mutually up and down structure, such as rack-and-pinion lifting structure, motor band moving gear can be with forward and reverse rotation, gear and band The dynamic rack gear for connecting crankshaft by sliding or rolling bearing moves up and down；Followed by hydraulic rod structure, using hydraulic cylinder structure, Piston rod connects crankshaft by bearing, and crankshaft height consecutive variations, i.e. injection hydraulic oil are realized by injection The hydraulic oil The elongated realization crankshaft of piston rod rises, and reduction hydraulic oil piston rod, which shortens, realizes that crankshaft declines, to realize stepless continuous Adjustment, following hydraulic column realize that function is similar or other similar device, by promotion and reduce the song above this position in this way Axis, so that it may change the position of piston top dead center, to change the volume of combustion chamber, achieve the purpose that variable compression ratio.

2, change piston thickness or change the thickness of cylinder head, a kind of design method is Cylinder head design for the double-deck knot Structure, the internal layer contacted with combustion chamber is connect with outer layer by gear & rack structure or hydraulic column or other similar device, by changing Become the internal layer motion amplitude connecting with rack gear or hydraulic column length adjustment combustion chamber volume, other rational method tune can also be used Whole cylinder head thickness.

3, the volume of combustion chamber is adjusted, a kind of mode is by the way that penetrating gear & rack structure or liquid are arranged in cylinder head Compression leg enters chamber length by adjusting rack gear column or hydraulic cylinder to change combustion chamber volume, sends out especially for rotor Motivation or quasiturbine pass through the rack gear column or hydraulic column or other similar device being arranged on combustion chamber cylinder wall or rotor Pass in and out chamber length, either design spark plug and be directly installed on rack gear column or hydraulic column central location, by hydraulic column or Rack gear column, which quickly passes in and out, can quickly change combustion chamber volume, relatively simple realization continuous variable compression ratio, it is most important that should Kind mode can substantially increase the compression ratio of the rotors class engine such as rotary engine and quasiturbine class.

4, change the length ratio of effort-saving mechanism, a kind of mode is connecting rod to be divided into two parts, and centre passes through rack-and-pinion knot Length of connecting rod variation is realized in structure, hydraulic rod structure or other Rational structures, the length variation by changing intermediate structure.Hydraulic column One kind of structure is achieved in that, using hydraulic cylinder structure, piston rod connects engine piston, by injecting The hydraulic oil Realize length of connecting rod consecutive variations, i.e. injection hydraulic oil connecting rod is elongated, reduce hydraulic oil connecting rod and shorten, to realize without cascade Continuous adjustment, changing stop up and down may be implemented stepless continuous adjustment to change displacement compression ratio is adjusted flexibly, This kind design is little to existing mature engine structure change, more cost-effective.

The compression pressure that air is adjusted when turbocharging, can be designed as multi-stage booster structure, with series, parallel or can mix Connection adjusts and reduce pressurization series and adjusts the air pressure for pressurization, to realize variable compression ratio by adjusting.Another way It is that multiple compressor output gas branch pipe(tube)s are incorporated to main pipeline, participates in quantity by adjusting compressor to adjust the sky for pressurization Atmospheric pressure.The load of variable engine will determine that the compression ratio formed must just fit for the reasonable change for guaranteeing this compression ratio When adjust compression ratio, the mode that closed-loop control can be used controls compression ratio, i.e., adopts the engine load signal of sending Sample, and be fed back in the control system of control compression ratio variation, control compression ratio is removed, feedback control principle is passed through, so that it may To allow compression ratio to have matched with engine load.By closed loop feedback control design principle, in small engine load using height Compression ratio is with saving fuel oil；Low compression ratio is used in the big load of engine, and is aided with booster to realize high-power and high torsion Square output.In the case where compression ratio is excessively high, mixed gas can shift to an earlier date compression ignition, and generate pinking.And there is variable compression ratio skill Postoperative, engine can solve turbocharging in due course by adjusting the compression ratio of engine, the phenomenon that solve pinking The biggest obstacle that technology is applied within the engine.If we use higher pressure in the case where turbocharging does not work Contracting ratio, and lower compression ratio is being used in the case where turbocharging work.Showing for turbo lag can fundamentally solved As.In this way, a turbocharged engine slow-speed of revolution when driving, although since turbocharger does not start to work, Compression ratio is increased into the compression that can be equivalent to the naturally aspirated engine of same discharge capacity by the variable technique of compression ratio Than；When the high revolving speed of turbocharged engine when driving, turbocharger intervenes work, and equally pass through can for the compression ratio of engine Change technology linear reduction, to prevent the generation of pinking.To decrease or even eliminate the generation of turbo lag phenomenon.

Wherein, compression set 12 and circulation cylinder 13 are installed outside the active cylinder 1, tail gas is passed through into compression set 12 Realize that multistage compression simultaneously enters circulating air cylinder 13, the tail gas in circulation cylinder 13 can by multiple expansion after pass through air inlet again Pipe enters active cylinder 1, and is balanced during compression and expansion by heat-exchange system 14, in heat-exchange system 14 Replace water is cooling to carry out heat exchange by fuel oil expansion gasification, and when fresh air enters first passes through after heat-exchange system heating again Into combustion chamber, spark rate is controlled by feedback control system after recycled offgas enters active cylinder 1.

Enter circulation cylinder by one or more levels compressed tail gas, tail gas can be swollen by one or more levels in circulation cylinder After swollen again by air inlet pipe be pressed into master cylinder, the heat of compression and expand it is cold can be balanced by heat-exchange system, or pressure not Compressed tail gas enters exhaust pipe when sufficient, this kind design is suitable for rotary engine, quasiturbine, gas turbine and reciprocal The different types of machines such as formula engine realize that waste gas circulation utilizes.In addition to utilizing piston compressed tail gas, centrifugal, axis can also be used The compressors such as streaming are discharged into circulating air cylinder after compressing to tail gas.Rationally igniting frequency control system, benefit can be set simultaneously With feedback control system, spark rate is high when high load capacity, and spark rate is low when underload, especially underload when mainly pass through tail Gas circulation driving engine, especially gas turbine and rotary engine powerful, tail gas energy is very high, by rationally controlling Spark rate and compressed exhaust gas cycle frequency, by the way that tail gas repeatedly to be recycled to driving engine operation, until when its insufficient pressure It is discharged into exhaust pipe discharge, every oil spout once can repeatedly do work, and greatly improve the thermal efficiency.Recycle cylinder can it is single-row or Be nested in outside engine active cylinder so as to fully absorb engine discharge heat, improve circulation cylinder inner exhaust gas temperature and Pressure, air inlet pipe connect the exhaust pipe of engine, and an exhaust pipe connects combustion chamber, an exhaust pipe connection by high-pressure pump Tail gas comb, changes the oil spout angle and distributive value of oily nozzle, or sprays into combustion chamber after being pre-mixed with air；Or by fuel oil Atomisation enters combustion chamber, so that fuel oil reaches boiling point rapid vaporization；Change tail gas jet angle and jet amount, produces piston Multiple strokes are given birth to, is i.e. increases a valve opening after three strokes and puts exhaust stroke, increases an oil spout vaporization expansion stroke, increases One oil extraction gas stroke exhaust, increases several circulation cylinder tail gas expansion work strokes and several tail gas exhaust strokes, during which defeated Power variation can be adjusted by changing the position of the fulcrum of lever construction out, so that output power approximation keeps stablizing.It should Structure is also applied for the internal combustion engines such as rotary engine, gas turbine, quasiturbine, by adding circulation cylinder, high-pressure pump And fuel oil condenser, it realizes more stroke cycles, greatly improves the hot thermal efficiency.

General engine 30% of heat possessed by fuel is utilized in full load, and remaining 70% heat is then It loses.Wherein discharge gas and radiation loss about 42%, cooling loss about 20%, friction loss about 8%, and pumping loss is then In friction loss.It reduces the mode of thermal losses: (1) recycling cylinder nesting or be docked at outside engine, it can be most Limits absorb thermal energy and radiant heat, for pushing the one or many actings of piston that can reduce temperature, improve the thermal efficiency；(2) Fuel oil expansion vaporization acting absorbs partial heat, and the thermal efficiency can be improved；(3) to expand gasification substitution water with fuel oil cooling, can be with High heating oil, which is directly used in vaporized expanding acting or is injected directly into combustion chambers burn, can also be improved the thermal efficiency, and water is cooling The heat taken away wastes；(4) principle expanded with heat and contract with cold according to air is arranged air heat exchanging system, inhales fresh air Combustion chamber is entered back into after first passing through heat-exchange system exchange heating, due to being greatly reduced for density of the induced air, compression is empty when compression procedure Energy needed for gas is also greatly reduced, and in this way under the premise of engine constancy of volume, can especially drop in idling or deceleration The power of low engine reduces oil spout, reduces discharge, while being effectively utilized tail heat, equally improves the thermal efficiency.To fuel oil into Row heat exchange also has similar effect.

Aforesaid way is especially applied in poly cycle engine, and water expansion in the prior art can be overcome to generate Drawback such as easily corrodes, is difficult to lubricate and cause to wear the defects of high.

Poly cycle engine is developed on the basis of four-stroke engine, has intake stroke, compression punching Journey, expansion stroke, exhaust enter circulation cylinder stroke, oil spout gasification expansion stroke, oil extraction gas stroke, circulation cylinder through high pressure gas Pump pressure gas enters multiple strokes such as combustion chamber circulation expansion work stroke, row's tail gas stroke.

Circulation cylinder, which is calmed the anger, combines the principle of steam engine into combustion chamber circulation expansion work process, is completing the 6th After a exhaust stroke, when the 7th reciprocating piston reaches top dead centre, circulation cylinder injects tail to combustion chamber by high-pressure pump Gas, exhaust gas volumes sharply expand at high temperature under high pressure, while pressure increased dramatically, and piston is pushed to continue to do manual work, and complete the 8th Stroke, the process can recycle repeatedly, until the tail gas insufficient pressure formed until pushing piston to do work, due to using double gas Cylinder lever construction can also be amplified, most even if the pressure that tail gas is formed is smaller by adjusting position of the fulcrum using leverage Discharge low-temp low-pressure tail gas eventually, substantially increases the thermal efficiency.

In this way, at least three expansion stroke is occurred as soon as in multiple strokes that fuel oil of every burning is formed, and consume Fuel oil does not change but.To the 6th stroke, engine there again becomes fuel emission a to cooler, fuel oil Liquid.Part, which sprays oil gas, can also not have to cooling, enter combustion chamber after directly mixing with air by high-pressure oil pump and participate in combustion It burns, equally improves engine thermal efficiency.

Although above having used general explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, at this On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, These modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention are fallen within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of engine, which is characterized in that including active cylinder (1) and assistant cylinder (2) and self-starting lubricating system (3), The self-starting lubricating system (3) is pumped to engine and needs after heating lubricating oil by independent startup before the engine is started The position to be lubricated is equipped with active piston in the active cylinder (1), and auxiliary piston is equipped in the assistant cylinder (2) (5), it is connected between the active piston (4) and auxiliary piston (5) by effort-saving mechanism (6)；

It is provided with bidirectional reciprocating generator (7) on the active cylinder (1) and assistant cylinder (2), the active cylinder (1) Several compressors (8) are in series with, and are provided with filter core (9) on the pipeline of engine.

2. a kind of engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the side of the active piston (4) and auxiliary piston (5) Have on wall annular groove (10), oil immersion state is in the annular groove (10) and is provided with piston ring free to rotate (11), high pressure spray oilhole and the high pressure oil suction that circulation loop is formed by peripheral hardware pipeline are equipped in the annular groove (10) Hole.

3. a kind of engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the effort-saving mechanism (6) is specially lever mechanism, liquid Any one in cylinder mechanism.

4. a kind of engine according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the lever mechanism include respectively with active cylinder (1) the lever stock of piston rod connection and the lever quarter butt being connect with assistant cylinder (2) piston rod, the lever stock and lever Quarter butt is connected by balance pivot, and active cylinder (1) piston rod drives assistant cylinder by lever stock and lever quarter butt (2) piston rod movement, then the rotary motion that the reciprocating motion that assistant cylinder (2) piston rod passes through is converted to crankshaft is exported and is moved Power.

5. a kind of engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bidirectional reciprocating generator (7) includes two The rotary shaft (701) of coaxial fitting contact, the end of the rotary shaft (701) are equipped with rotate gear (702), rotate at two The special shape gear group (703) for being driven in the reverse direction is equipped between gear (702).

6. a kind of engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the self-starting lubricating system (3) includes high pressure oil (301) and independent electric starting system (302) are pumped, the independent electrical for heating lubricating oil is provided in the high-pressure oil pump (301) Heating device (303), the high-pressure oil pump (301) and independent electric heater unit (303) are controlled by independent electric starting system (302) System, the high-pressure oil pump (301) is delivered to engine by pressure piping after lubricating oil is heated to high fever, in the hair lubricated Degree of lubrication prompt system (304) are provided in motivation.

7. a kind of engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the filter core (9) includes Venturi tube filter core (901), strong magnet rotor (902) and in the Venturi tube filter core (901) are provided with.

8. a kind of engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be equipped with compression set outside the active cylinder (1) (12) and cylinder (13) are recycled, tail gas is realized into multistage compression by compression set (12) and enters circulating air cylinder (13), Recycle cylinder (13) in tail gas can by entering active cylinder (1) by air inlet pipe again after multiple expansion, and compression with It is balanced during expansion by heat-exchange system (14), water cooling is replaced by fuel oil expansion gasification in heat-exchange system (14) But carry out heat exchange, and when air enters first pass through heat-exchange system heating after enter back into combustion chamber, enter master in recycled offgas Cylinder (1) of taking offence controls spark rate by feedback control system afterwards.