CN109943373A - A kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology - Google Patents
A kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology, belong to clean energy resource field.The carbon dioxide gas that the present invention discharges power plant and natural gas terminal user captures；Hydrogen and oxygen are generated using electric energy electrolysis water abandoned, superfluous；Carbon dioxide is reacted with hydrogen generates natural gas, is supplied to natural gas terminal user；Finally electric gas producing technology is carried outFlow point analysis andEconomic analysis.Electricity may be implemented to the reversible transformation process of gas, gas to electricity in the present invention, solves the problem of that the abandonment of clean energy resource field abandons the subproblem of light while solving natural air-air source critical shortage, realizes conversion and the economic utilization of different energy sources form.Meanwhile combustion gas replaces water storage power station traditional at present, and combustion gas storage is converted electrical energy into low ebb, peak times of power consumption can play the role of Peak Load Adjustment to power grid with this directly with gas turbine power generation again, this plays the stabilization of bulk power grid, safe operation great.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to clean energy technology fields, are related to form of energy conversion and energy storage technology.Specifically, referring to one
Kind converts electrical energy into natural gas and then is convenient for the technology of storage and transportation and recycling.The technology simultaneously also have electric system peak regulation,
Reduce the effect of the various energy resources products such as CO2 emission, by-product oxygen, hydrogen.
Background technique
The natural gas dosage in China increases year by year at present, and gas source shows violent fluctuation with the difference in season！Such as
It is the pressing problem put in face of us that, which obtains metastable gas source supply,.It is formed with gas source relative deficiency fresh
Another energy of bright control --- power supply is relative surplus.Due to pricing mechanism, online policy, shot and long term effect
Beneficial problem, so that China's power generation and sale are in hypersaturated state, especially wind-force good always before, light in recent years
Volt power generation is even more to make us being shocked.If different energy forms can be got through the path converted mutually between them, just
Can resolution stage " source " deficiency or surplus but play adjust price function.Here energy storage is key therein！And
The storing technology of combustion gas is comparatively rather mature, such as the conversion of compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG)
With memory technology.
Electricity gas (P2G) technology belongs to energy storage switch technology, is suitable for large-scale electric energy and stores, existing to China is improved
It is significant in rich coal, few oil, the status of deficency.
Coal changes gas etc. and brings a large amount of Natural Gas Demands, especially in North China, East China.Coal changes gas not just for industry
Class client, wherein " the coal clearing " of a large amount of clients from small city, villages and small towns and other places etc. is taken action.By taking Hebei province as an example, Hebei province
Pure resident's coal, which changes gas just, will bring 20 billion cubic meter natural gas newly increased requirements.Along with " 2+26 " urban industry client's coal changes gas
Lasting to promote, Natural Gas In China demand speedup in 2017 is beyond expection.Cause natural into the whole province from November 28th, 2017
Gas supplies II grades of alert status, it means that the whole province's insufficiency of supply-demand is up to 10% to 20%.The situation of this natural air-air source deficiency
More than Hebei, more ground such as Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Inner Mongol natural gas supply are also in an emergency one after another, and limit gas, which is stopped the supple of gas or steam, more drills
Stronger, seriously affect downstream endpoint market.12,000 yuan/ton are had reached when liquefied natural gas LNG price highest.
China Power supply market has entered the relative surplus epoch by contrast with natural air-air source critical shortage.Instantly tight
The abandonment of weight abandons optical phenomenon and hinders the development of renewable energy.Only with regard to 2015,2,016 2 the case where, just illustrates that light is abandoned in abandonment
(abandoning wind-power electricity generation and photovoltaic power generation) the situation is tense.(2011- is counted as shown in Figure 1 for national abandonment electricity/abandonment rate
2016H1 (first half of the year).2015, national 33,900,000,000 kilowatt hour of abandonment electricity increased by 21,300,000,000 kilowatt hours on year-on-year basis.Wherein Gansu is abandoned
8,200,000,000 kilowatt hour of wind-powered electricity generation amount, abandonment rate 39%；7,000,000,000 kilowatt hour of Xinjiang abandonment electricity, abandonment rate 32%；Jilin abandonment electricity 27
Hundred million kilowatt hours, abandonment rate 32%；9,100,000,000 kilowatt hour of Inner Mongol abandonment electricity, abandonment rate 18%.National abandonment electricity is within 2016
49700000000 kilowatt hours, compared with rise 46.6% in 2015.Wherein, 10,400,000,000 kilowatt hour of Gansu abandonment electricity, abandonment rate 43.1%.With this
Meanwhile west area averagely abandons light rate and also reaches 20%.Wind energy averagely utilizes hourage to decline 85 hours extremely compared with 15 year first half of the year
917 hours, average abandonment rate then rose to 21%, recorded high.Abandonment is rationed the power supply to normalization, malignization development.
There is abandoning optical phenomenon in the Northwest, and wherein Gansu abandons 2,600,000,000 kilowatt hour of optical quantum, abandons light rate 31%, and light is abandoned in Xinjiang
1,800,000,000 kilowatt hour of electricity abandons light rate 26%.Abandonment can be resolved and abandon optical issue, be both the important content that electricity changes, even more measure
The mark that electricity loses instead.It is estimated according to Wind Energy In China association secretary-general Qin Haiyan, abandonment electricity reaches 33,900,000,000 kilowatt hours, caused by
Direct economic loss is up to 169.5 hundred million yuan.It generates 3 degree of electricity according to 1 kilogram of standard coal to calculate, this part wind-powered electricity generation of loss needs to burn
11350000 tons of mark coals are had to additionally withstand up to thus 34,000,000 tons of CO2 emission and are polluted, while bringing titanium dioxide
The infringement of the pollutants such as sulphur, nitrogen oxides and dust.
The serious problem of optical phenomenon is abandoned in face of abandonment, energy storage just seems more urgent.Existing energy-storage system is broadly divided into
Five classes: mechanical energy storage, electrical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, hot energy storage and chemical energy storage.
Mechanical energy storage: mainly including water-storage, compressed-air energy storage and flywheel energy storage etc..The shortcoming of water-storage
That addressing is difficult, extremely rely on topography, investment cycle is larger, loss is higher；It is also restricted at this stage by Chinese electrovalence policy, because
This it be not energy storage future thrust.Compressed-air energy storage during compressed air part energy in the form of thermal energy
It scatters and disappears, just has to reheat before inflation.Usually using natural gas as the heat source of heating air, this results in accumulation of energy to imitate
Rate reduces, it is also necessary to large-scale caisson, certain geological conditions and dependence combustion of fossil fuels.Flywheel energy storage energy density is not
Enough high, self-discharge rate height, such as stop charging, energy will voluntarily exhaust within a few to tens of hours.It is suitable only for some thin
Divide market, such as high-quality uninterruptible power supply etc..
Electrical energy storage: mostly using super capacitor energy-storage or superconducting energy storage, and energy density is low, and cruising ability is poor, and cost is very
The restriction of height, reliability and economy, commercial applications are also distant.
Electrochemical energy storage: including lead-acid battery, lithium battery and sodium-sulphur battery.Lead-acid battery access times are limited, and energy is close
Spend low, the service life is short.Lithium battery presence, which overcharges, leads to the safety issues such as fever, burning, needs to carry out charge protection.Sodium-sulphur battery
Because running under high temperature using Liquid Sodium, it is easy burning.But also diesel-driven generator help is needed to maintain high temperature, Huo Zhebang
Help the condition for meeting battery cooling.Electrochemical cell is suitable for middle-size and small-size energy storage, its sexual valence is relatively low in terms of large-scale energy storage, holds
Easily cause environmental pollution.
Hot energy storage: it is suitable for large-scale energy storage, but various high temeperature chemistry hot working fluids develop slowly now, need to occupy big face
Product soil is easy to happen the condensation phenomenon of chemical hot working fluid in the biggish the Northwest of the temperature difference, and use occasion is relatively more limited.
Chemical classes energy storage:, can be with using extra electric hydrogen manufacturing using hydrogen or synthetic natural gas as the carrier of secondary energy sources
It directly uses hydrogen as the carrier of energy, it can also be become into synthetic natural gas (methane) with carbon dioxide reaction, in addition to available
Outer in power generation, there are also other Land use systems such as hydrogen energy automobile, methanol automobile etc..
As the widely used clean energy resource of terminal user --- natural gas, it is special because of international market reason, storage and transportation reason
It is not the reason of demand is increased sharply, and the awkward situation of critical shortage is presented.Because China is the country of petroleum resources relative deficiency, combustion
Gas largely relies on import, therefore solves the problems, such as natural air-air source deficiency, is also of great significance for the energy security in China！
Summary of the invention
Not only there is abandonments to abandon light in order to solve under the conditions of the prior art, but also faces asking for natural gas critical shortage
Topic, the present invention provide a kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology, not only realize and utilize fuel gas generation (combustion gas
Turbine), but also to realize reverse electricity system (combustion) gas.Specific step is as follows for the method:
The first step, the carbon dioxide gas discharged to power plant and natural gas terminal user capture；
Second step, the electric energy that issued using the wind light generation abandoned or power plant is generated is as the energy of electrolysis water, electrolysis
Water generates hydrogen and oxygen；
Third step carries out the hydrogen that the carbon dioxide gas of first step capture and second step generate anti-under high temperature and pressure
It answers, generates methane, i.e. natural gas；
4th step is supplied to natural gas terminal user to the natural gas that third step obtains, is stored or used.
The electrolysis water can be electrolysis alkaline solution, proton exchange membrane electrolysis water or high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis water
Any one realization in three kinds of modes of steam.
The power plant refers mainly to photoelectricity and wind-powered electricity generation power plant.
The present invention has the advantages that
(1) electricity may be implemented to (combustion) gas, gas to electric reversible transformation process in the present invention.Solve the part energy that light is abandoned in abandonment
Source wastes problem, while solving the problems, such as natural air-air source critical shortage.
(2) hydrogen and oxygen generated in energy sources conversion of the invention is also used as new energy and enters market,
Generate economic well-being of workers and staff.
(3) method provided by the invention, solidified carbon dioxide during preparing combustion gas, reduces the row of greenhouse gases
It puts.
(4) most importantly combustion gas can play power grid as a kind of energy form that can be stored with wide scale security
Peak Load Adjustment plays the role of the stabilization of bulk power grid, safe operation great.
(5) energy storage mode provided by the invention has occupied area small than water storage power station, easy to use, convenient transportation etc. one
Number of advantages.Facts have proved: combustion gas (methane) is converted into compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) in which can be convenient,
And compressed natural gas (CNG) is especially liquefied natural gas (LNG) and occupies volume very little, and in current technology condition and equipment
Under safe and reliable deposit and transport can be realized.Compared to the static energy storage mode of water storage, natural gas storing can realize energy
Dynamic conversion, energy storage benefit gets a promotion.
(6) energy storage mode provided by the invention is more safe and reliable than hydrogen storage.Large-scale hydrogen storage technology is not realized at present,
And large-scale compressed natural gas (CNG) is especially liquefied natural gas (LNG) deposit and transport has fully achieved industrialization.
Electricity gas P2G provided by the invention is substantially reduced for energy storage compared to volume required for hydrogen storage, is generated according to methanation reaction
Methane, volume are only 1/5th of the sum of hydrogen and carbon dioxide volume, and the energy density of unit volume increases.Natural gas is made
For large energy-consuming product, there are mature pipe network and gas storage mating, and small compared to hydrogen explosion safety margins range, storage and transportation peace
Quan Xinggao.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is national abandonment electricity/abandonment rate statistics histogram.
Fig. 2 is electricity gas (P2G) technical flow figure provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is to be electrolysed alkaline solution Principle figure.
Fig. 4 is proton exchange membrane electrolysis water (PEM) schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis vapor (SOEC) schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is methanation schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is methane for process principle figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention provides a kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology, as shown in Fig. 2, by combustion gas, electricity
Energy, thermal energy are combined together.Electric energy passes through electric gas producing technology (PtG/P2G) and is changed into combustion gas, into burning line.Combustion gas passes through
Fuel gas generation technology (GtP) is changed into electric power, and byproduct carbon dioxide therein can be used as the raw material of electric gas producing technology.Combustion gas
Power generation, which produces electricl energy while can also generate thermal energy by gas fired-boiler, enters heating pipeline, provides guarantee for urban heat supplying.With
Energy Generation Internet of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on combustion gas, is conducive to new era Energy restructuring.
1. the technology explanation of electricity gas (PtG)
As illustrated in figures 3-6, electric gas producing technology (PtG) includes electrolysis water technology, CO2Capture technique and methanation technology.
The present invention is by PtG technical process, by establishing mechanism model, carries out theory analysis, asFlow point analysis and economic analysis
Theoretical basis.Specific physics, chemical analysis are given to each process, obtain energy conversion formula.The electrolysis water
Technology includes that electrolysis alkaline solution, proton exchange membrane electrolysis water and high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis high-temperature vapor are optional.
1.1.1 it is electrolysed alkaline solution (alkaline electrolysis cells abbreviation AEC), as shown in figure 3, electrolysis
Following cathode reaction and anode reaction occur in the process:
Cathode reaction: 4H2O+4e=2H2+4OH- (1)
Anode reaction: 4OH-=O2+2H2O+4e (2)
Thermochemical equation:
Indicate exothermic heat of reaction.Alkaline electrolysis starting is earliest, development time longest, and in various electrolysis Hydraulic Projects
It is widely applied.Alkaline electrolysis is used as electrolyte using alkaline solution (potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide), and material price is low
It is honest and clean.Solution be mass percent concentration 20-40%KOH solution, electrode be using nickel, cobalt and iron as the Multi-hole steel of catalyst preparation,
They are separated by the diaphragm of high-insulation, and effective electrolysis realizes that storehouse efficiency is up to 67%, and electrolysis alkaline solution is applied to
The problem of PtG technology maximum is the limitation loaded by solution concentration, gas conductivity.In terms of dynamics, because periphery
Inertia, alkaline water electrolytic cell are slower than PEM electrolyzer.Extensive cost of investment according to estimates, the energy range of electrolytic cell are 500-
600kW/h。
Alkaline electrolysis is divided into atmospheric pressure electrolysis and two kinds of high-pressure electrolysis, although high-pressure electrolysis reduces electrolytic energy, section
Electric energy is saved, but can make to be electrolysed hydrogen purity reduction.Alkaline electrolysis operating temperature is 60-80 DEG C, operating current 0.2-0.4A/
cm2, hydrogen generating quantity is < 760Nm3/h.Although alkaline electrolysis is relatively early as earliest electrolysis water technology development but electrolyte is rotten
Degree of corrosion is larger, and producing level is low, and maintenance cost is expensive.
1.1.2 proton exchange membrane electrolysis water (Proton exchange membrane abbreviation PEM), as shown in figure 4, described
Proton exchange membrane electrolysis water reactional equation are as follows:
Cathode reaction: 2H++ 2e=H2 (4)
Anode reaction:
Thermochemical equation:
Proton exchange membrane electrolysis water method has higher conversion rate compared with traditional alkaline electro solution.Due to using fair
Perhaps for proton by proton exchange membrane, proton exchange membrane structure is very thin, has good toughness and stability, due to equivalent resistance
It is smaller so electric loss is also smaller when passing through proton exchange membrane.In many developed countries, the effect of proton exchange membrane electrolysis water
Rate has reached 90% or more, has good electrolytic efficiency.PEM electrolysis water exists compared to the method advantage of more traditional electrolysis water
It can permit proton in it to penetrate, and traditional electrolysis method only allows ion to penetrate.Proton exchange membrane electrolysis uses organic material
Material reduces the volume of electrolytic cell.Proton exchange membrane electrolysis water method uses more empty electrodes with catalyst, increases proton
The transmittability of exchange membrane, has speeded reaction speed.More hollow structures are used to allow the gas generated quickly from electrolytic cell
Exclusion.Proton exchange membrane electrolysis reaction temperature be 80 degree or so, allow by current density be 0.5-2A/cm2.Phase
Than in alkaline electrolysis problem, since proton exchange membrane uses organic material as membrane material, use noble metal as its catalyst,
Expensive, cost problem, which becomes, restricts its main problem promoted.
1.1.3 (solid oxide eleltrolysis cells is referred to as high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis vapor
SOEC), reaction process as shown in Figure 5, specific equation are as follows:
Cathode reaction: H2O+4e=H2+O2- (7)
Anode reaction: O2-=O2+4e (8)
Thermochemical equation:
High-temperature solid oxide electrolysis tech needs temperature to arrive at 780 ° compared with proton exchange membrane electrolysis water electrolysis tech
920°.SOEC, using the method for electrolysis high-temperature vapor, reduces the consumption of electric energy compared with traditional electrolysis tech, electricity
It is higher to solve efficiency, but since temperature is higher, catalyst material and the necessary high temperature resistant of electrode material, higher cost.By for many years
Development, high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis water steam technology becomes slot type structure from the tubular structure used at first.Tubular structure
The higher unsuitable popularization and use of energy utilization rate low cost.The schematic diagram of slot type structure is as shown in Figure 5.Water becomes after electrolysis
High-temperature vapor enters electrolytic cell.As shown in equation (7) cathode vapor transformation electrolytic be H+Ion and O2-Ion, H+Ion
Become hydrogen, O shown in equation (8)2-Ion becomes oxygen in anode.Electrolyte plays the role of film in slot type structure, allows
Ion is by but preventing H2And O2Pass through.So the density that electrolyte needs is relatively high and relatively high to the percent of pass of ion.
The 1 total hydrogen production efficiency of different types of water electrolysis system of table compares
1.2 carbon dioxide captures with seal up for safekeeping
Electrolysis water technology is only that methanation provides a kind of raw material hydrogen, such as above-mentioned equation (1), (4), (7),
And another raw material CO2Captured and sealed up for safekeeping (Carbon Capture and Storage, abbreviation CCS).Two
Carbonoxide is needed when transporting and sealing up for safekeeping with the presence of higher purity, and the dioxy in majority of case industrial tail gas or biogas
This requirement is not achieved in the concentration for changing carbon, so must come out carbon dioxide separation from tail gas, this process is known as dioxy
Change the capture of carbon.CO2It is mainly derived from the industry such as thermal power plant, biomass (biogas) and atmosphere.
Carbon capture technique in industrial process is quite mature, and acquisition mode is varied to be broadly divided into absorption and separation
Both modes.During the capture of Industrial Engineering carbon, thermal power plant and chemical plant are CO2The main factory of capture.Carbon capture
Relatively cheap about 150~510 yuan/ton, energy consumption about 90~230KWh/t (kilowatt hour is per ton) of price in the industry, this
Invention combines carbon capture industry with electric gas producing technology, provides carbon source for electricity gas producing technology.Rich coal resources in China, thermoelectricity
Factory is numerous, provides a large amount of carbon source for electricity gas producing technology.Either the exploitation of coal or coal power generation can all have a large amount of
CO2It generates, the efficiency and cost for how improving carbon capture become the most key problem.The work of the capture of carbon dioxide also has
Conducive to the discharge amount for reducing greenhouse gases, environment is protected.The status of rich coal, few oil, deficency based on China, by the by-product of coal
It is the key link in energy internet that object carbon dioxide, which is converted to synthetic natural gas,.In view of the transportation cost institute of carbon dioxide
When electricity gas builds factory carbon dioxide transportation cost should be reduced close to carbon source.
It realizes the purpose to the carbon dioxide capture in flue gas, needs to undergo technological transformation to CO2 emission source,
Carbon dioxide capture systems are installed.Usually, Industrial Engineering carbon dioxide capture is classified as burning with carbon source position difference
Capture and oxygen-enriched capture before capturing, burning afterwards.
Capture refers to after burning, captures carbon dioxide in the flue gas of combustion apparatus.But due to titanium dioxide in flue gas of power plants
Concentration of carbon generally between 3%~13% (gas concentration all refers to concentration of volume percent when generally not specifically mentioned), and
It is suitble to the chemisorption of low concentration of carbon dioxide separation to need to consume more middle low-temperature saturated steam for adsorbent
Regeneration, causes system effectiveness to be lost.
Capture refers to that can convert fossil fuel to main component using coal gasification or gas renormalizing is one before burning
The synthesis gas of carbonoxide and hydrogen can further be converted the carbon monoxide in synthetic gas to by water gas shift reaction
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen, finally come out carbon dioxide separation.This catching method is known as capture or fuel gas capture before burning.
Oxygen-enriched combusting is oxygen, the carbon dioxide of the pure oxygen burning proposed for the diluted defect of regular air burning meeting
Loop concept.For oxygen/carbon dioxide circulation using pure oxygen as oxidant, combustion product is mainly carbon dioxide and water, is passed through
The concentration of remaining carbon dioxide is about 80% (percent by volume) after turbine expansion and waste heat boiler heat release, is easily isolated.
The applicable situation that various catching methods have its different: capture can be used for coal dust power-plant flue gas, cement plant after burning
The capture of flue gas, steel plant's flue gas etc.；Capture can be used for being related to the integrated gasification combined cycle plants of Coal Gasification before burning
(IGCC) capture of power plant, coal plant based on coal based synthetic gas etc.；Oxygen-enriched combustion technology can be used for existing fossil combustion
The technological transformation for expecting burner, transform comburant oxygen as by air-breathing, to realize carbon dioxide capture.
By the way of biogas biofermentation, raw material are waste almost without expense, the not additional energy at
This.Be generally divided into fermentation, gasification and burning, burning and gasification be technically it is similar, be suitable for thermoelectricity and CO2 emission
Less area.
Carbon capture in an atmosphere is needed expense and the energy generally by highly basic potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide
It consumes very high.The advantages of this carbon captures is that there is no limit reduce transportation cost to carbon dioxide source.
1.3 methanation processes
Carbon dioxide has higher chemical inertness, and activation and conversion are difficult, but input energy and under the action of catalyst,
Carbon dioxide molecule can activate, and methanation reaction occurs for the reducing agent hydrogen active with chemical property.Carbon dioxide methanation
Main chemical reactions include:
CO2(g)+4H2(g)=CH4(g)+2H2O(g)ΔHMethanation1=-165KJ/mol (10)
CO(g)+3H2(g)=CH4(g)+H2O(g)ΔHMethanation2=-206.3KJmol (11)
CO2(g)+H2(g)=CO (g)+H2O(g)ΔHMethanation3=41.2KJ/mol (12)
CO (g)=C (s)+CO2(g)ΔHMethanation4=41.2KJ/mol (13)
△ H indicates exothermic heat of reaction or endothermic heat in above-mentioned chemical reaction.(10) i.e. carbon dioxide is reacted to convert to methane
Key reaction equation, conversion reaction existsLeft and right will steadily carry out, and have about 17% change in whole process
Learning can be discharged with form of heat, under adiabatic conditions, every carbon dioxide conversion for completing 1% (mass percent), gas temperature
Degree rises about 60 DEG C.React (11) and reaction (12) be reverse shift reaction, reaction (13) i.e. carbon dioxide carbon distribution reaction, it is such all
For the side reaction in conversion reaction.Studies have shown that reaction (10) it is whether stable progress with the range of temperature have it is very big be associated with, when
Temperature range is reacted at 430 DEG C or more to be carried out, and hydrogen relies on its reproducibility carbon dioxide reduction into an oxidation at this time
Carbon, and the generation total amount of final methane will not be changed；And the mixed proportion for reacting hydrogen carbon in (12) and gas raw material has very greatly
Relationship, in H2With CO2Environment of the molar ratio less than 3 in carbon distribution reaction can be easily accomplished, and in H2With CO2Molar ratio
In the environment of example about 4, carbon due to react in generate the reason that reacts of water, reduce the content of carbon, eventually lead to product
Charcoal reaction is reduced.By thermodynamical equilibrium principle and existing fixed bed methanation experience, high pressure, low temperature, the appropriate hydrogen of cooperation
Carbon ratio will improve the reaction efficiency of main reaction (10), to reach the higher methane output value.
According to existing result of study, reaction is when environment temperature is not higher than 300 DEG C, carbon dioxide conversion reaction and environment
Pressure dependence is smaller, largely completes and is totally converted；When environment temperature is higher than 500 DEG C, the reality of carbon dioxide
Transformation efficiency is restricted and methanation reaction can all decline on a large scale, finally reduces Methane production in product gas.Institute
To increase the pressure of reaction environment while properly increase the mole mixture ratio example of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, titanium dioxide can be improved
The transformation in planta rate of carbon, to improve methane production.
As shown in fig. 6, reaction gas is divided into proportion four parts is filled with three-level methanation reaction room, while in order to right in batches
Reaction chamber carries out temperature control and reply overtemperature emergency reaction.Appropriate vapor is added, in the reaction chamber to ensure to react peace
It is complete to carry out.Temperature, which need to be carried out, in each reaction chamber inlet of segmentation reaction zone controls the range kept it at 200~300 DEG C
It is interior, while passing through methanation reaction, it to control methanation reaction rooms at different levels outlet temperature and be maintained at 550 DEG C.With reaction into
Row is segmented the hydrogen-carbon ratio in reaction zone in each reaction chamber and constantly declines, simultaneously because the production that the outlet of upper level reaction chamber generates
Product gas enter, also play certain diluting effect, even so in reaction chamber the content of hydrogen still in excessive state.
It is exothermic reaction that methanation reaction, which is respectively segmented reaction all, and often having 1% carbon dioxide conversion is CH4, react indoor
Temperature increases 6 DEG C.So the methanation process core of carbon dioxide is the raising to control temperature.Made using gradient design theory
The energy that must be discharged is effectively utilized.The breaking-up that indoor temperature avoids catalyst is reacted in control, so research is with resistance to
The catalyst material of high temperature is the key technology of methanation.By temperature control and the selection of catalyst so that reaction rate is accelerated
And conversion rate, avoid the generation of by-product.As shown in fig. 6, the temperature control can pass through waste heat boiler, condenser
It realizes, and starts to increase digester progress desulfurization in the stage of reaction.
2. the economic analysis of electric gas producing technology (PtG)
On the basis of analyzing electricity gas (PtG) technology, the mechanism model of electricity gas processed is established, later again to modelling by mechanism
It carries outFlow point analysis, it is right by the physical conversion and chemical transformation in mechanism modelEfficiency is calculated.Then electricity is made
In gasEconomy is analyzed, and in conjunction with net present value method, is calculated infusion of financial resources and the output amount of money, is obtained the economy of system
Property.The efficiency analysis of energy problem belongs to the evaluation index problem of thermodynamic analysis.There is the energy sharp in thermodynamic evaluating index
With rate,Flow point analysis etc..Energy utilization rate is according to the first law of thermodynamics, that is, law of conservation of energy, and that reflects at one
Energy conversion efficiency in system, but it is unable to quality (different types of energy such as thermal energy, electric energy, the chemical energy of reaction energy
With different conversion rates when mutually converting).AndFlow point analysis is analyzed according to the second law of thermodynamics, and energy is reflected
The quality problem in source.It is added in energy utilization rate analysisFlow point analysis, can reaction energy conversion rate also can reaction energy
Quality.
2.1Concept
It, theoretically can be unlimited when system reversibly changes to the state to balance each other with given environment by a free position
The part energy of any other form of energy is converted to, referred to asIt is called available energy.English name is exergy, is used for
It determines and is possible to make the part of useful work in lower given energy of certain designated state.The energy of various forms is converted to " advanced
Energy " ability it is not identical.If the superiority and inferiority of various forms energy can be evaluated using this transfer capability as scale.
But the size of transfer capability is related with environmental condition, it is also related with the irreversible degree of conversion process.Actually
Using under given environmental condition, theoretically the transfer capability of maximum possible is as the scale for measuring energy figure height, this
Kind scale is referred to as(Exergy).It is defined as follows: when system is reversibly changed to and given environment by a free position
When the state to balance each other, the part energy of any other form of energy theoretically can be infinitely converted to, referred to asBecause
Only reversible process is possible to carry out most complete conversion, it is possible to thinkIt is under given environmental condition, can
In inverse process, the minimum useful work of the maximum useful work or consumption that can theoretically make.
Corresponding, all cannot be converted toEnergy, referred to as (Yu) (Anergy).Any ENERGY E by
(Ex) it is formed with (Yu) (An) two parts.Common heat balance and energy conversion efficiency not can reflectUtilization journey
Degree, thus invention introducesThe concept of efficiency.
It is established for some therrmodynamic systemBalanced relationship, and it is carried outAnalysis, to reach following purpose: fixed
Amount calculates energyEvery revenue and expenditure, utilization and damaed cordition.It is basis that revenue and expenditure, which keeps balance, includes income in the whereabouts that can be flowed
Item and various loss items can distinguish its primary and secondary according to every allocation proportion.By computational efficiency, the effect of energy conversion is determined
The degree of fruit and effective use.The reasonability that analysing energy utilizes analyzes various loss sizes and influence factor, proposes improved
Possibility and improved route, and predict improved energy-saving effect.
Efficiency reflects the hot integrity of therrmodynamic system, is a kind of evaluation index more more reasonable than Energy Efficiency Analysis.
2.2Economic flow point analysis
Economic flow point analysis originates from phase late 1950s, originates artificial U.S. Tribus, willEconomics life
Entitled thermoeconomics.Economic flow point is analysedAnalysis is combined with economic analysis, and the result of analysis, which can be given at, is
It unites on each positionAnalysis and the distribution of economic information stream, to find that a part, there is maximum improvement potentiality.
2.3 electricity gas (PtG) technologiesFlow point analysis
PtG is the technology that remaining capacity generates natural gas by chemical reaction after abandonment to be abandoned to light, can fundamentally solved
Certainly optical issue is abandoned in abandonment.When analyzing using energy source and economic cost problem, can incite somebody to actionFlow valuve utilizes effect as system energy
The index of rate and economic analysis.PtG technology includes electrolysis water and methanation, discusses that this is two-part separately belowFlow point analysis.
PtG technologyFlow point analysis calculates the energy and output system of input system it can be concluded that system maximum useful work
Energy will calculate the input and output of the whole system energy by the efficiency of the radiometer calculation system of the two, according to thermodynamics,
Chemistry and electric power knowledge, need mass, temperature, pressure, voltage, electric current numerical value, but fluids within pipes and gas
Quality is not easy to measure, and is volume flow by mass shift, obtains numerical value by flowmeter.Each link arranges phase in system
Inductive sensing device both can carry out part to each linkFlow point analysis can also carry out whole system wholeFlow point
Analysis.
Such as the PtG technology mechanism model of Fig. 7 everywhere, in corresponding position, setting sensor can detecte the pressure of corresponding gas
And temperature data.Whole systemFlow valuve analysis includes the Physical Process Analyses and chemical process analysis.
Other physical process:
Because density design conditions are at normal temperatures and pressures, by this formula by certain temperature T in pipelinen, pressure pnGas
Body volume VnIt is changed into room temperature T0, normal pressure p0Lower gas volume V0, qnFor in pipeline volume flow (pressure as shown in Figure 7 and
Temperature subscript n=1~5 are place reactant or product, such as p1For the pressure of water, T in electrolysis water (electrolyte)1For electricity
The temperature of Xie Shuizhong water).
LnFor duct length, Δ pnFor the pressure p of pipe endsnAnd pn' difference, i.e. pressure difference, ρnFor liquid or gas
Density, g are acceleration of gravity, SnFor the frictional resistance of pipeline, mnIndicate the quality of reactant or product, t is the time.
Physical change process:
Chemical reaction process:
Poutput=Pn1+Pn2 (20)
PnFor chemical heat release power, lower footnote 1 and 2 respectively represents physical and chemical reaction process；ΔHnFor not same order
Section enthalpy (For the enthalpy of electrolysis water, Δ HMethanation 1For methanation main reaction enthalpy,It is abundant for methane
The enthalpy of burning), MnFor the molal weight of the reaction product of different phase, Δ T is reaction front and back temperature variation, cnFor reaction
The specific heat capacity of product.
Electric power input:
Pinput=UnIn (22)
By temperature sensor, pressure transducer, voltage sensor and current sensor to subsystem in acquisition such as Fig. 7 system
Temperature T in systemn, pressure Pn, voltage Un, electric current In, obtain power thermal response power PnWith electric power input power Pinput, pass through
Power ratio is calculated to calculate realityFlow valuve.
The η in equation (23)PtHFor the efficiency of electricity gas first stage electrolysis water processed.The η in equation (24)HtGFor electricity gas
The efficiency of two-stage methanation.The η in (25) in equationPtGFor electricity gas gross efficiency.α is respectively output power PoutputEnergy level system
Number.For the generating efficiency of combustion gas,For the generating efficiency of hydrogen.
2.4PtG technologyEconomic analysis
The present invention does economic analysis using net present value method.Net present value method refers to system in all equipment periodics
Budget amount is converted to total net present value (NPV).Total net present value (NPV) is the summation of infusion of financial resources and the output amount of money in system.Use net present value (NPV) pair
The system input and output amount of money, which is analyzed, to be widely used.According to output amount of money total amount in system and investment amount of money summation
The net present value (NPV) of computing system.Compare the superiority-inferiority of this different calculation methods by net present value (NPV).When net present value (NPV) is greater than zero, illustrate that this is
System is profit state.Indicate that this system is lossing state when net present value (NPV) is less than zero.Net present value (NPV) is bigger, and the profit for illustrating system is more.
Net present value method has been widely used as the method that present economy calculates.
Net present value method calculation method calculates the time as unit of year, the capital input in statistics 1 year, in these throwings of year end
Enter and be changed into income, calculate income volume, according to the profit in capital input and income volume computing system.According to energy internet machine
Reason model is combined with net present value method.Will the economic input in source interconnection net be divided into fixed investment (disposable investment) He Feigu
Fixed investment (putting into per year).According to net present value method will source interconnection net economy be divided into equipment purchase expense, workshop building expense,
Raw material buys fund, depreciation of equipment, maintenance of equipment expense, labour cost.
Traditional difference computing system profit margin that output and investment are used with net present value calculation, the present invention by net present value (NPV) withAnalysis, which combines, to obtainEconomic analysis.The ratio for calculating the output and investment in energy internet system, ratio is made
For the standard for evaluating its economy.In order toEfficiency does optimality analysis will be with using the form of ratioEfficiency uses unified
Number grade, reduce using constant change change economy withEfficiency flexible strategy different problems.Ratio is bigger to illustrate that this is
The economy of system is better.Net present value method after improvement is easier that economy and other performances is made to do optimization processing.
Electricity gas economic input is divided into disposable investment ΨPtG firstΨ is put into according to monthPtG year, disposable to put into
Purchase fund Ψ including equipmentPtG 1, the expense fund Ψ of undertaking of construction workshopPtG 2, include that raw material is bought according to month investment
Fund ΨPtG3, depreciation of equipment ΨPtG 4, equipment maintenance cost ΨPtG5, labour cost ΨPtG 6。
(1) equipment i always puts into ΨPtG first
PPtG energyFor the output power of new energy equipment, PPtGequipmentFor the rated power of single device, N is
The equipment life time limit, κ are equipment maintenance cost coefficient, and service life N is 10 years after a large amount of investigations, κ 5%.
(2) total raw material put into (CO2、H2O)ΨPtG year
QPtGFor annual electricity generating capacity,For CO2Molal weight,For the molal weight of water,For H2O unit price,
For CO2Unit price, ηPtHFor the efficiency of electricity gas first stage electrolysis water processed, ηHtGFor the efficiency of electricity gas second stage methanation processed, △ H
For heat release or caloric receptivity.
(3) totle drilling cost Ψ after iPtG input
Labour cost cost ΨPtG 6, the expense fund Ψ of undertaking of construction workshopPtG 2, due to labour cost and undertaking of construction
The expense fund of workshop is influenced smaller by lectotype selection, we are set to a definite value here.
(4) gross output value Ψ after iPtG income
The gross output value is the mixed gas of methane and hydrogen, and wherein the total mixed volume χ of hydrogen Zhan is (for China to hydrogen in pipe network
The limitation of gas addition volume fraction), 0 < χ≤10% and by-product oxygen sell gained.
(5) gross profit Ψ after iPtG profit:
ΨPtG profit=ΨPtG income-ΨPtG input (30)
In recent years China facing one side abandonment abandon optical phenomenon it is serious, another aspect natural gas supply shortage awkward situation.
And natural gas will carry out great hidden danger to the energy strategy safety belt in China by import.In this regard, the present invention provides one kind with
The solution that natural gas is served as theme, even if electricity consumption gas producing technology and fuel gas generation technology realize electric energy and natural gas energy resource
The reversible transformation of different energy sources form realizes the complementarity and economy of different terminals user's energy with this.
It has a responsibility for controlling greenhouse gas emission, P2G can both convert unstable wind as maximum carbon emission state in China
Electricity, photoelectricity be to stablize and facilitate the combustion gas of storage and transportation, and the recycling to reduce and pollute, in emission reduction side of carbon dioxide may be implemented
Mask is significant.Although the efficiency of P2G is relatively low, compared with other energy storage technologies, there is carbon fixation and emission reduction to reduce pollution,
And can extensive energy storage, can minimize, modular development, reduce land occupation etc. series of advantages.
The characteristics of P2G can be with wide scale security energy storage solves extensive energy storage the most key in energy internet and asks
Topic, has ensured the peak regulation, energy storage and transport of electric system, provides guarantee for energy source interconnection.Simultaneously realize electric power to
The conversion of combustion gas；The conversion of combustion gas to electric power has may be implemented again in gas turbine, internal combustion engine etc.；The energy can be in the whole process
Reversible transformation, the problem of preventing single energy shortage from causing.Secondly, P2G technology is there are also the output of the byproducts such as oxygen, hydrogen, it is comprehensive
Its economic benefit that takes together is very high.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology, it is characterised in that: the specific steps of the method are such as
Under,
The first step, the carbon dioxide gas discharged to power plant and natural gas terminal user capture；
Second step, the electric energy that issued using the wind light generation abandoned or power plant is generated is as the energy of electrolysis hydraulic art, electrolysis
Water generates hydrogen and oxygen；
The carbon dioxide gas of first step capture react under high temperature and pressure with the hydrogen that second step generates by third step, raw
At methane, i.e. natural gas；
4th step is supplied to natural gas terminal user to the natural gas that third step obtains, is stored or used.
2. a kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The electrolysis water stated includes that electrolysis alkaline solution, proton exchange membrane electrolysis water and high-temperature solid oxide are electrolysed high-temperature vapor.
3. a kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The carbon dioxide capture stated is classified as capture and oxygen-enriched capture before capturing, burn after burning with carbon source position difference；After burning
Capture is used for the capture of coal dust power-plant flue gas, cement plant flue gas, steel plant's flue gas；Capture is for being related to Coal Gasification before burning
The capture of integrated gasification combined cycle for power generation factory, coal plant based on coal based synthetic gas；Oxygen-enriched capture is used for fossil fuel
The technological transformation of burner transform comburant oxygen as by air-breathing, to realize carbon dioxide capture.
4. a kind of energy conversion and storage method based on electric gas producing technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Carbon dioxide methanation is carried out at 300 DEG C of 250 ∽, and chemical reaction includes:
CO2(g)+4H2(g)=CH4(g)+2H2O(g)ΔHMethanation 1=-165KJ/mol (10)
Reaction gas is divided into four parts in proportion and is filled with three-level methanation reaction room in batches, vapor is added in the reaction chamber, with
Ensure to react safe progress；In the range of progress temperature control in each reaction chamber inlet is kept it at 200~300 DEG C,
Reaction chamber outlet temperature is maintained at 550 DEG C.
5. a kind of for the energy conversion described in claim 1 based on electric gas producing technology and storage methodAnalysis method,
It is characterized by:
Electric gas producing technology PtG'sAnalysis includes that electrolysis water and methanation are two-partFlow point analysis；Flow point analysis includes physics
Process analysis procedure analysis and chemical process analysis；
Other physical process:
Temperature T in pipelinen, pressure pnGas volume VnIt is changed into room temperature T0, normal pressure p0Lower gas volume V0, qnFor in pipeline
Volume flow；
LnFor duct length, Δ pnFor the pressure p of pipe endsnAnd pn' difference, i.e. pressure difference, ρnFor the density of liquid or gas,
G is acceleration of gravity, SnFor the frictional resistance of pipeline, mnIndicate the quality of reactant or product, t is the time；
Physical change process:
Chemical reaction process:
Poutput=Pn1+Pn2
(20)
PnFor chemical heat release power, lower footnote 1 and 2 respectively represents physical and chemical reaction process；ΔHnFor different phase
Enthalpy, MnFor the molal weight of the reaction product of different phase, Δ T is reaction front and back temperature variation, cnFor the ratio of reaction product
Thermal capacitance；
Electric power input:
Pinput=UnIn (22)
Temperature T is obtained by temperature sensor, pressure transducer, voltage sensor and current sensorn, pressure Pn, voltage Un,
Electric current In, obtain power thermal response power PnWith electric power input power Pinput, reality is calculated by calculating power ratioFlow valuve:
ηPtHFor the efficiency of electricity gas first stage electrolysis water processed；ηHtGFor the efficiency of electricity gas second stage methanation processed；ηPtGFor electricity system
Gas gross efficiency；α is respectively output power PoutputEnergy level coefficient；For the generating efficiency of combustion gas,It is imitated for the power generation of hydrogen
Rate；
It is done using net present value methodEconomic analysis:
Electricity gas economic input is divided into disposable investment and puts into according to month, and disposable investment includes the purchase fund of equipment
ΨPtG 1, the expense fund Ψ of undertaking of construction workshopPtG 2, include that raw material buys fund Ψ according to month investmentPtG 3, equipment depreciation
Take ΨPtG 4, equipment maintenance cost ΨPtG 5, labour cost ΨPtG 6；
(1) equipment i always puts into ΨPtG first
PPtG energyFor the output power of new energy equipment, PPtG equipmentFor the rated power of single device, N is equipment
The service life time limit, κ are equipment maintenance cost coefficient；
(2) total raw material put into ΨPtG year
QPtGFor annual electricity generating capacity,For CO2Molal weight,For the molal weight of water,For H2O unit price,For
CO2Unit price, ηPtHFor the efficiency of electricity gas first stage electrolysis water processed, ηHtGFor the efficiency of electricity gas second stage methanation processed, △ H is
Heat release or caloric receptivity；
(3) totle drilling cost Ψ after iPtG input
Labour cost cost ΨPtG 6, the expense fund Ψ of undertaking of construction workshopPtG 2；
(4) gross output value Ψ after iPtG income
The gross output value is the mixed gas of methane and hydrogen, and wherein hydrogen accounts for the volume χ of mixed gas, 0 < χ≤10%；
(5) gross profit Ψ after iPtG profit:
ΨPtG profit=ΨPtG income-ΨPtG input (30)。
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