CN113753896A - Preparation method of synthesis gas for realizing zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined inverse transformation reaction - Google Patents

Preparation method of synthesis gas for realizing zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined inverse transformation reaction Download PDF

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CN113753896A
CN113753896A CN202111172615.9A CN202111172615A CN113753896A CN 113753896 A CN113753896 A CN 113753896A CN 202111172615 A CN202111172615 A CN 202111172615A CN 113753896 A CN113753896 A CN 113753896A
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gas
inverse transformation
hydrogen
reaction
synthesis gas
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CN113753896B (en
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张镇
李陆星
赵卓雅
贺鑫平
陈斌
骆彩萍
于清
周敬林
刘艳军
张佳
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Hualu Engineering and Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1618—Modification of synthesis gas composition, e.g. to meet some criteria
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction, and particularly discloses a method for preparing synthesis gas with zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined with inverse transformation reaction. The synthesis gas preparation device comprises a power generation system, an electrolytic water hydrogen production device, a hydrogen storage device, a coal gasification device, an air separation device, a heat recovery device, an inverter device and a purification device. The invention couples the electric energy and inverse transformation reaction with the traditional coal chemical production process, on one hand, realizes the green production of hydrogen, on the other hand, utilizes the carbon dioxide generated in the production process, reduces the carbon emission in the production process, and realizes the zero-carbon-emission production of the coal chemical industry.

Description

Preparation method of synthesis gas for realizing zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined inverse transformation reaction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction, belongs to a method for preparing synthesis gas with zero carbon emission and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for preparing synthesis gas with zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined inverse transformation reaction.
Background
Coal is an important fossil energy source in China and is a production raw material of a plurality of important chemical products, and the coal consumption accounts for about 49% in the energy structure of China in 2020. Coal gasification is a technology for efficiently and cleanly utilizing coal resources at present, and synthetic gas prepared by coal gasification can be further synthesized into chemical products such as methanol, ammonia, dimethyl ether, olefin, oil products and the like, and is an important component in the chemical industry of China. However, coal gasification still has many problems, such as large carbon emission, low utilization of carbon in coal, and the like. With the increase of the ecological environment protection in China, the development of the coal gasification industry faces huge challenges.
Aiming at the current increasingly severe environmental pressure, China makes a relative commitment to carbon emission. In 2020, the total emission of carbon dioxide in China is 120 hundred million tons, and the total carbon emission in China to 2060 years needs to be controlled to be 30 hundred million tons. For the coal chemical industry, how to reduce carbon emission becomes a bottleneck restricting the development of the industry at present.
In the production process of coal gas, in order to obtain the synthesis gas with hydrogen-carbon ratio meeting the requirement of downstream production, a large amount of carbon dioxide can be generated, the carbon dioxide generated by the reactions is separated and then discharged into the atmosphere, and a large amount of carbon is discharged, so that the environmental pollution is caused, the utilization rate of the carbon is reduced, and the great waste of coal resources is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the coal chemical industry at present, the invention provides a synthesis gas preparation method for realizing zero carbon emission by utilizing electric energy combined inverse transformation reaction. Through the process, the problem of large carbon dioxide emission in the traditional coal gas preparation process is solved, the utilization rate of carbon elements in the raw materials is improved, and zero-carbon or near-zero-carbon green production in the process is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the method for preparing the synthesis gas by utilizing the electric energy combined inverse transformation reaction to realize zero carbon emission comprises the following steps:
(1) the electric energy generated by the power generation system is sent to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, the generated hydrogen is divided into three strands, one strand is sent to the hydrogen storage device for storage, the other strand is sent to the inverse transformation device, and the other strand is sent to the outlet of the purification device;
(2) oxygen obtained by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and oxygen generated by the air separation device are sent to the coal gasification device together, and are subjected to gasification reaction with coal to obtain synthesis gas;
(3) the high-temperature synthesis gas generated by the coal gasification device enters a heat recovery device to be cooled, and simultaneously, the heat of the synthesis gas is recovered and sent to an inverse transformation device to be used as a heat source for inverse transformation reaction;
(4) the synthesis gas from the heat recovery device enters a purification device to remove acid gas in the synthesis gas, and the separated carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device are sent to an inverse transformation device;
(5) the hydrogen from the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and the carbon dioxide from the purification device are subjected to inverse transformation reaction in an inverse transformation device to obtain water and carbon monoxide;
(6) the inverted ventilation of the output inversion device is mixed with hydrogen from the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and purified gas from the purification device to obtain synthesis gas with a certain hydrogen-carbon ratio, and the synthesis gas is used as a raw material and sent to a downstream synthesis device.
Further, the power generation system is one or more of a hydroelectric power generation system, a wind power generation system, a solar power generation system, a nuclear power generation system, a biomass power generation system, a geothermal power generation system, a tidal power generation system or a sea wave power generation system;
furthermore, the water electrolysis hydrogen production device consists of one or more water electrolysis units, and each water electrolysis unit comprises an electrolytic water tank and a gas treatment system.
Further, the inverse transformation device comprises a pretreatment system, an inverse transformation reaction system and a gas-liquid separation system; mixing hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas entering an inversion device, then entering a pretreatment system, removing impurities, adjusting the temperature of a reaction inlet to be 150-600 ℃, then sending the mixture to an inversion reaction system, performing inversion reaction under the action of a catalyst, sending the inverted reacted gas to a gas-liquid separation system, cooling step by step to condense water generated by the reaction, then separating, forming inversion ventilation by the residual saturated water, carbon monoxide generated by the reaction, unreacted hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and then sending the inversion ventilation out of the inversion device.
Further, the reverse shift reaction system may consist of one or more reactors in series or in parallel.
Furthermore, the heat required by the inverse transformation device is provided by a heat recovery device, so that the heat coupling between the devices is realized.
Furthermore, the raw material adopted by the inverse transformation device is rich in hydrogen, and the hydrogen content is more than or equal to 90 v%; and carbon dioxide-rich gas, the content of the carbon dioxide gas is more than or equal to 90 v%.
Furthermore, the purification device is an acid gas removal system and adopts a chemical absorption method, a physical absorption method and a physical-chemical double absorption method.
Since the source of hydrogen can be obtained by electrolysis of water, shift reactions in conventional coal-to-gas processes can be eliminated. Meanwhile, in order to utilize the carbon source to the maximum extent, the invention adopts inverse transformation reaction, hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by electrolyzing water are reacted to generate carbon monoxide and water, the obtained carbon monoxide is mixed with hydrogen and purified gas generated by electrolyzing water, and synthesis gas with the hydrogen-carbon ratio meeting the downstream requirement is obtained. The reaction heat required by the inverter is provided by the heat recovery device, so that heat coupling is realized, and the production energy consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, the invention adopts hydrogen-rich and carbon dioxide-rich as the raw materials of the inverse transformation reaction, thereby being more beneficial to the implementation of the inverse transformation reaction.
Through the process, the problem of large carbon dioxide emission in the traditional coal gas preparation process is solved, the utilization rate of carbon elements in the raw materials is improved, and zero-carbon or near-zero-carbon green production in the process is realized.
The invention couples the electric energy and inverse transformation reaction with the traditional coal chemical production process, on one hand, realizes the green production of hydrogen, on the other hand, utilizes the carbon dioxide generated in the production process, reduces the carbon emission in the production process, and realizes the zero-carbon-emission production of the coal chemical industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing syngas with zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined with inverse transformation reaction, including the following steps:
(1) the electric energy generated by the power generation system is sent to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, the generated hydrogen is divided into three strands, one strand is sent to the hydrogen storage device for storage, the other strand is sent to the inverse transformation device, and the other strand is sent to the outlet of the purification device;
(2) oxygen obtained by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and oxygen generated by the air separation device are sent to the coal gasification device together, and are subjected to gasification reaction with coal to obtain synthesis gas;
(3) the high-temperature synthesis gas generated by the coal gasification device enters a heat recovery device to be cooled, and simultaneously, the heat of the synthesis gas is recovered and sent to an inverse transformation device to be used as a heat source for inverse transformation reaction; (4) the synthesis gas from the heat recovery device enters a purification device to remove acid gases (including hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and the like) in the synthesis gas, and the separated carbon dioxide gas and the hydrogen gas of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device are sent to an inverse transformation device;
(5) the hydrogen from the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and the carbon dioxide from the purification device are subjected to inverse transformation reaction in the inverse transformation device to obtain water and carbon monoxide, and the reaction equation is as follows:
H2+CO2→CO+H2O
(5) reverse ventilation of the output and reverse conversion device (CO, H generated by reverse conversion reaction)2O and unreacted CO2And H2The mixed gas) is mixed with hydrogen from the hydrogen production device by electrolysis of water and purified gas (from coal gasification, heat recovery and purification) from the purification device to obtain synthesis gas with a certain hydrogen-carbon ratio, and the synthesis gas is sent to a downstream synthesis device as a raw material.
The power generation system is one or more of a hydroelectric power generation system, a wind power generation system, a solar power generation system, a nuclear power generation system, a biomass power generation system, a geothermal power generation system, a tidal power generation system or a sea wave power generation system;
the water electrolysis hydrogen production device consists of one or more water electrolysis units, and each water electrolysis unit comprises an electrolytic water tank and a gas treatment system.
The inverse transformation device comprises a pretreatment system, an inverse transformation reaction system and a gas-liquid separation system; mixing hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas entering the inversion device, then entering a pretreatment system, removing impurities (such as impurity gas capable of poisoning a catalyst), adjusting the temperature to be 150-600 ℃ at a proper reaction inlet, then sending the mixture to an inversion reaction system, performing an inversion reaction under the action of the catalyst, sending the reacted inversion gas to a gas-liquid separation system, cooling step by step to condense water generated by the reaction, separating the water, forming inversion ventilation by the residual saturated water, carbon monoxide generated by the reaction, unreacted hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and then sending the inversion ventilation out of the inversion device.
The reverse shift reaction system may consist of one or more reactors in series or in parallel.
The heat required by the inverse transformation device is provided by the heat recovery device, and the heat coupling among the devices is realized.
The inverse transformation device adopts hydrogen-rich raw materials, and the hydrogen content is more than or equal to 90 v%; and carbon dioxide-rich gas, the content of the carbon dioxide gas is more than or equal to 90 v%.
The purification device is an acid gas removal system and adopts a chemical absorption method, a physical absorption method and a physical-chemical double absorption method.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing synthesis gas by using electric energy combined with inverse transformation reaction to realize zero carbon emission is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the electric energy generated by the power generation system is sent to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, the generated hydrogen is divided into three strands, one strand is sent to the hydrogen storage device for storage, the other strand is sent to the inverse transformation device, and the other strand is sent to the outlet of the purification device;
(2) oxygen obtained by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and oxygen generated by the air separation device are sent to the coal gasification device together, and are subjected to gasification reaction with coal to obtain high-temperature synthesis gas;
(3) the high-temperature synthesis gas generated by the coal gasification device enters a heat recovery device to be cooled, and simultaneously, the heat of the high-temperature synthesis gas is recovered and sent to an inverse transformation device to be used as a heat source for inverse transformation reaction;
(4) the synthesis gas from the heat recovery device enters a purification device to remove acid gas in the synthesis gas, and the separated carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device are sent to an inverse transformation device;
(5) the hydrogen from the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and the carbon dioxide gas from the purification device are subjected to inverse transformation reaction in an inverse transformation device to obtain water and carbon monoxide,
(6) the reverse transformation including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water from the reverse transformation device is mixed with hydrogen from the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and purified gas from the purification device to obtain synthesis gas with a certain hydrogen-carbon ratio, and the synthesis gas is sent to a downstream synthesis device as a raw material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the power generation system is one or more of a hydro power generation system, a wind power generation system, a solar power generation system, a nuclear power generation system, a biomass power generation system, a geothermal power generation system, a tidal power generation system, or a wave power generation system.
3. The method for preparing synthesis gas with zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined with inverse transformation reaction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water electrolysis hydrogen production device is composed of one or more water electrolysis units, and each water electrolysis unit comprises an electrolysis water tank and a gas treatment system.
4. The method for preparing synthesis gas with zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined with inverse transformation reaction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inverse transformation device comprises a pretreatment system, an inverse transformation reaction system, a gas-liquid separation system; mixing hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas entering an inversion device, then entering a pretreatment system, removing impurities, adjusting the temperature of a reaction inlet to be 150-600 ℃, then sending the mixture to an inversion reaction system, performing inversion reaction under the action of a catalyst, sending the inverted reacted gas to a gas-liquid separation system, cooling step by step to condense water generated by the reaction, then separating, forming inversion ventilation by the residual saturated water, carbon monoxide generated by the reaction, unreacted hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and then sending the inversion ventilation out of the inversion device.
5. The process for the preparation of synthesis gas with zero carbon emissions by means of combined electric energy and reverse shift reaction according to claim 4, characterized in that the reverse shift reaction system consists of one or more reactors connected in series or in parallel.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat required by the reverse transformation device is provided by a heat recovery device to realize heat coupling between devices.
7. The method for preparing synthesis gas with zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined with inverse transformation reaction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inverse transformation device uses hydrogen-rich gas and carbon dioxide-rich gas as raw materials, the hydrogen content is greater than or equal to 90 v%, and the carbon dioxide gas content is greater than or equal to 90 v%.
8. The method for preparing synthesis gas with zero carbon emission by using electric energy combined with inverse transformation reaction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the purification device is an acid gas removal system, and acid gas is removed by adopting a chemical absorption method, a physical absorption method and a physical-chemical double absorption method.
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CN114368752A (en) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-19 中煤陕西榆林能源化工有限公司 Hydrogen energy storage method and system suitable for large-scale industrialization

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