CN1099425A - Energy-saving, efficient quick-melting process of aluminium alloy - Google Patents
Energy-saving, efficient quick-melting process of aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN1099425A CN1099425A CN 93116726 CN93116726A CN1099425A CN 1099425 A CN1099425 A CN 1099425A CN 93116726 CN93116726 CN 93116726 CN 93116726 A CN93116726 A CN 93116726A CN 1099425 A CN1099425 A CN 1099425A
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Abstract
This invention adopts a method of direct addition of chemical components required for special grade of alluminium alloy. The furnace charge used are all new metals (part of returns may also be added) required for alluminium alloy, they are smelted and casted at 670-760 deg.C. The intermidate alloy and corresponding smelting procedure of existing technology is eliminated, so the mechanical properties of alluminium alloy is increased, the efficiency is raised, the cost is reduced.
Description
The invention belongs to the Metal smelting technology, relate generally to the quick melting technology in a kind of aluminium alloy manufacturing.
With the development of modernization industry, aluminium and aluminium alloy are used widely, and its aluminium alloy commonly used has, aluminum-silicon alloy, Al-zn-mg-cu alloy, aluminium-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy; Existing aluminium alloy casting adopts repeatedly melting casting process, be that its final model aluminium alloy is to adopt new metal charge, master alloy, also can add part foundry returns melting casting makes, master alloy is the assistant alloy of at first some component and aluminium being made in the founding of aluminium alloy, the purpose that adopts master alloy is in order to obtain chemical ingredients alloy accurately and uniformly, when adding high melting point component, make alloy not overheated, avoid some element to add and fashionablely make alloy superheat because of crossing thermal response, what master alloy had is provided by professional Alloy Plant, but found by molding floor oneself as a rule, its method of founding the general employing of master alloy is with the aluminium fusing and is superheated to the approximate melting temperature that other chemical ingredients that adds is a metallic substance, the metallic substance of required adding chemical ingredients is broken into certain specification adds aluminium liquid in batches, fully stirring the fusing back continues to add, last ingot casting after the degasification refining, above-mentioned its temperature of fusion of metal of chemical ingredients that adds is generally at 800～900 ℃, even it is higher more than 1000 ℃, because temperature is too high, it organizes mechanical property all to be seriously damaged, and the temperature of aluminum melt is high more, its inspiratory capacity is multiplied, so generally the sand mold casting temperature is decided to be 680～730 ℃, metal mold is decided to be 740～760 ℃, reason promptly is this, solution inspiratory capacity between 680～730 ℃ is minimum, and the temperature of master alloy is sometimes up to more than 1000 degree, be tens times of normal temps inspiratory capacity, organize mechanical property to be seriously damaged especially, a large amount of in addition objectionable impuritiess, impurity, gas, the quality of formation of irony compounds affect or alloy; Need when casting final model alloy calculate new metal charge according to the contained chemical ingredients amount of alloy model earlier, the add-on of master alloy and foundry returns, found according to its technology then, founding scaling loss and cause the production cycle long repeatedly repeatedly, efficient is low and cause the bigger problems of a series of consumption such as cost and other fuel, its scaling loss COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING: Al-Si7%, Al-Cu12%, model alloy 5%.
The quick melting technology of aluminium alloy that the present invention proposes its objective is the problem that complexity that solves existing alloy melting technology existence and the mechanical tissue aspect of performance that the cycle is long, loss is big and existing technology causes exist.
The quick melting technology of aluminium alloy that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that the direct addition method of chemical element that adopts model aluminium alloy (being aluminum alloy casting) required, it adopts furnace charge to be the new metal charge of the required composition of model aluminium alloy (being aluminum alloy casting), also can add the part foundry returns, carry out the melting casting 670～760 ℃ of temperature, because adopting once to found, the present invention obtains final model aluminium alloy (being aluminum alloy casting) product, being about to the required chemical ingredients of model aluminium alloy once directly adds, cancelled the master alloy of founding in the aluminium alloy, the corresponding link of founding that has reduced master alloy, its glass melting temperature is 670～760 ℃ of scopes, improved organizing mechanical property and being easy to obtain chemical ingredients comparatively accurately of aluminium alloy thus, improve casting product quality, burn out rate is reduced greatly, owing to reduced middle process link, the corresponding production efficiency that improved, alleviate labour intensity, and correspondingly reduced a series of material consumptions.
The new metal charge that the present invention adopts when founding aluminium alloy (being aluminum alloy casting) is the technical pure metal of fine aluminium and required chemical ingredients; Its furnace charge can also can add in the disposable adding smelting furnace in batches when founding; Other required metal of chemical ingredients is put bottom, and aluminium is seated in the upper strata.Its furnace charge is disposable, and to add fashionable fusing point with aluminium be benchmark, and fusing point is seated in bottom than in the high metal and the disposable smelting furnace of packing into of aluminium of aluminium, and aluminium is put layer, and the metal that fusing point is low than aluminium can directly be pressed into liquation behind other melting of metal, as zinc, magnesium etc.; Furnace charge adds fashionable and aluminium in batches goes into the chemical ingredients metal of stove simultaneously and puts lower floor, and aluminium is put the upper strata, and other metal can take to give the mode that heat adds liquation after the certain temperature.
Can add the part foundry returns in the furnace charge in the technology of the present invention, its foundry returns is placed on the lowest layer of smelting furnace.
The quick melting technology of aluminium alloy that the present invention proposes, the method of taking the required chemical ingredients of model alloy (being aluminum alloy casting) directly to add, the charging (end, in, upper strata) that has changed the technology of aluminium alloy and furnace charge in the middle of being added with in the furnace charge in proper order, it is rotten handles, refining degasification part and in order to prevent that defective measure part all is same as existing technology.
Existing aluminium alloy melting technology is provided:
1, at first found master alloy:
Example aluminium-silicon master alloy, commonly used is Al-Si20%, fine aluminium ingot 80Kg is put into melt pit coke-fired furnace plumbago crucible, when aluminium liquid is brought up to about 800～900 ℃, 20Kg crystallization silico briquette fragmentation 10～30mm is added in the aluminum melt, finish with the surperficial iron staff stir silicon blocking that scribbles coating when temperature is raised to 1000 ℃, stir and handle come out of the stove (using nontoxic degassing refining agent).
Example Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding master alloy, commonly used is Al-Cu50%, fine aluminium 50Kg is put into the potoven crucible, aluminium liquid is brought up to 900～1000 ℃, (electrolytic copper as 150 * 400～600mm) adds in the liquation with certain specification, temperature is raised to about 1150 ℃, and all the other are identical with above-mentioned Al-Si master alloy technology.
Model aluminium alloy (being aluminum alloy casting) technological process: furnace charge calculates, shove charge, bottom are the fine aluminium ingot, are master alloy at the middle and upper levels, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 730 ℃, the chemical treatment cast, about 5～6 hours of every stove, its mechanical property, metal mold aluminium coupon tensile strength is 160, unit elongation is 0, its scaling loss COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING: Al-Si7%, Al-Cu12%, model aluminium alloy 5%.
The embodiment of the invention 1: Alar
ZL110, chemical ingredients: all the other are aluminium content for silicon 4～%, copper 5～8%, magnesium 0.2～0.5%.
Be decided to be silicon 5%, Cu7%, magnesium 0.35%.
Found ZL11050Kg, furnace charge: silicon 2.5Kg, copper 3.5Kg, magnesium 175g, alterant is a titanium sponge consumption 0.1～0.2%, is decided to be 0.15%, 75g(or other alterant), 30～50 millimeters of silicon processing, 150 * 200 or 200 * 400 millimeters of copper processing.
Blow-on in 30 fens in 5 o'clock mornings, fixed 730 ℃ of furnace temperature, furnace temperature rises to 150-300 ℃, and Si, Cu, Ti are added bottom in the electric furnace pot, and the upper strata is the fine aluminium ingot.By 8: 40 minutes, aluminum melt was raised to 730 ℃, and spoon stirred up and down 4～6 minutes with skimming, chemical element is distributed in the liquation uniformly, drop to 700 ℃, will be preheating to 150～300 ℃ of MAG blocks, being pressed in the liquation 7～10 minutes with bell jar has changed, stirred up and down 4～6 minutes with the spoon of skimming, add nontoxic refining degasifier and handle, refining in 10～15 minutes finishes, with the spoon of skimming, take slag off, static 5-10 minute, aluminum melt is raised to 730 ℃ came out of the stove (being used for sand mold casting) by 9: 30 minutes.
Embodiment 2: aluminum bronze is an alloy
ZL201, chemical ingredients: copper 4.5～5.3%, manganese 0.6～1%, titanium 0.15～0.35%, its surplus is an aluminium, is decided to be copper 5%, manganese 0.8%, titanium 0.3%.
Found ZL20139Kg, furnace charge: copper 1.95Kg, manganese 312Kg, titanium 117g, all the other are aluminium.
Fixed 730 ℃ of blow-on in 5: 45 minutes mornings, furnace temperature, furnace temperature rises to 150～300 ℃, and Cu, Mn, Ti are added the electric furnace bottom, the upper strata is the Al ingot, by 8: 50 minutes, liquation was raised to 730 ℃, and spoon stirred up and down 4～6 minutes with skimming, adding nontoxic refining degasifier handles, claw molten slag, add " natrium potassium salt " alterant (or other alterant) processing in 4-6 minute and skim static 5-10 minute, liquation is raised to 760 ℃ comes out of the stove, be used for metal pattern casting (be raised to 730 ℃ and be used for sand mold casting).
Embodiment 3: aluminum magnesium alloy
ZL302, Chemical Composition: Si0.8～1.3%, Mg4.5～5.5%, Mn0.1～0.4% are decided to be Si1%, Mg5%, Mn0.3%, and its surplus is an aluminium, founds ZL30238Kg.
Furnace charge: Al35Kg, Si0.38Kg, Mn114g, Mg1.9Kg(magnesium ingot are processed into the fritter of 100～150g).
The 6:00 AM blow-on, fixed 730 ℃ of furnace temperature, furnace temperature rises to 150～300 ℃, with Si, Mn adds the electric furnace bottom, the upper strata is the Al ingot, to 9 o'clock, aluminum melt is raised to 730 ℃, stirs up and down 4～6 minutes with the spoon of skimming, and liquation is reduced to 700 ℃, with 150～300 ℃ of Mg pieces of preheating, be pressed in the liquation with bell jar, changed in 30 minutes, spoon stirred up and down 4～6 minutes with skimming, adding nontoxic refining degasifier handled 10-15 minute, claw molten slag, added " heating ball " alterant (or other alterant) about 30 seconds, claw slag, static 5-10 minute, liquation is raised to 730 ℃ comes out of the stove.
Embodiment 4: furnace charge adds in batches
ZL110, Chemical Composition: Si5%, Cu7%, Mg0.35%.
Found 39Kg, furnace charge: Si1.95Kg, Cu2.7Kg, Mg136.5g, alterant titanium sponge (Ti) 0.15%58.5g.
Blow-on in 5: 45 minutes, furnace temperature is decided to be 760 ℃, furnace temperature is raised to 150～300 ℃, silicon is added the electric furnace bottom, the upper strata is an aluminium ingot, by 8: 50 minutes, liquation is raised to 760 ℃, adds 400～500 ℃ of copper of preheating and goes in the liquation, and copperization was intact in 9: 30,500～600 ℃ of titanium sponges of preheating are added in the liquation, changed in 10: 10 minutes, and stirred up and down 4～6 minutes, reduced the temperature to 700 ℃ with the spoon of skimming, with 150～300 ℃ of Mg pieces of preheating, be pressed in the liquation with bell jar, changed in 10: 20 minutes, stirred up and down 4～6 minutes, add nontoxic refining degasifier disposed in 10-15 minute, static 5-10 minute, claw slag, temperature is raised to 760 ℃ comes out of the stove (being used for permanent mold casting).
Embodiment 5:
ZL401, Chemical Composition: Si6～8%, Mg0.1～0.3%, zinc (Zn) 9～13%, decide that Si7%, Zn11%(are processed into 100～200g), Mg0.2%, found 40Kg.
Furnace charge: Si2.8Kg, Zn4.4Kg, Mg80g, surplus is an aluminium.
The blow-on furnace temperature was decided to be 730 ℃ in 6: 10, furnace temperature rises to 150～300 ℃, to be raised to 730 ℃ to 9 liquations in the AL ingot adding electric furnace, 500～600 ℃ of Si of preheating are added in the liquation, the Si that floats over above the liquation was pressed in the liquation with bell jar by 9: 50 minutes, is stirred to 10 points, Siization is intact, spoon stirred up and down 5～6 minutes with skimming, drop to 680 ℃, will be preheating to 100～150 ℃ of Zn pieces, be pressed in the liquation with bell jar, Znization was intact in 10: 25 minutes, with 150～300 ℃ of Mg pieces of preheating, be pressed in the liquation with bell jar, Mgization was intact in 10: 35 minutes, spoon stirred up and down 5～7 minutes with skimming, added nontoxic refining degasifier in 10: 42 minutes and handled in 10-15 minute, claw slag, add " natrium potassium salt " alterant (or other alterant) processing in 4-6 minute and claw slag, static 5-10 minute, temperature is raised to 730 ℃ comes out of the stove.
Embodiment 6:(one stove goes out two kinds of grade aluminium alloy technologies)
ZL110, Chemical Composition: Si5%, Cu7%, Mg0.35%.
ZL105, Chemical Composition: Si4.5～5.5%, Cu1～1.5%, Mg0.35～0.6% are decided to be Si5%, Cu1.3%, Mg0.4%.
Furnace charge: first melting ZL105 model alloy, AL ingot 93.7Kg, Si5Kg, Cu1.3Kg, Mg400g.
6 blow-ons, furnace temperature is decided to be 730 ℃, furnace temperature is raised to 150～300 ℃, Si, Cu adds the electric furnace bottom, upper strata AL ingot, liquation was raised to 730 ℃ in 9: 10, and spoon stirred up and down 5～6 minutes with skimming, reduce the temperature to 700 ℃, with 150～300 ℃ of Mg pieces of preheating, be pressed in the liquation with bell jar, 9: 20 have broken up, add nontoxic refining degasifier, handled in 10-15 minute, adding " natrium potassium salt " the alterant 4-6 divisional processing of skimming is intact, skims static 5-10 minute, temperature is raised to 730 ℃ of ZL10550Kg that come out of the stove, again 50KgZL105 liquation in the stove adding 400～500 ℃ of Cu2.75Kg(preheatings) Cuization was intact in about 30 minutes, and liquation falls only 700 ℃, is pressed into the Mg piece of Mg content revisal amount after the scaling loss, technology is the same, comes out of the stove in 11: 20 minutes.
Save contrast:
ZL110, Chemical Composition Si5%, Cu7%, Mg0.35%, existing melting technology:
Furnace charge: press 100Kg and calculate AL61Kg, AL-Si master alloy 25Kg, AL-Cu master alloy 14Kg, Mg350g.
Blow-on in 8: 30 minutes mornings, furnace temperature is decided to be 730 ℃, and furnace temperature is raised to 150～300 ℃, weighs up the weight of AL, AL-Si, AL-Cu, AL is added the electric furnace bottom, AL-Si middle level, AL-Cu upper strata in 9: 10.Blowing out in 11: 30 minutes, 1 blow-on in afternoon is raised to 730 ℃ to 4: 30 liquations, falls and ends 700 ℃, 150～300 ℃ of MAG blocks of preheating are pressed in the liquation 7-10 minute with bell jar have been changed, stir with bell jar, add nontoxic refining degasifier 300g, refining in 10-15 minute finishes, claw slag, added " natrium potassium salt " alterant 2Kg4-6 minute, and handled and claw slag, came out of the stove in static 5-10 minute.
Scaling loss: the comprehensive rate of AL-Si master alloy is 7%, 25Kg * 7%=1.75Kg, Al～Cu master alloy burn out rate 12%, 14Kg * 12%=1.68Kg, melting AL model alloy scaling loss is 5%, i.e. 5Kg, scaling loss 8.43Kg goes out the 1Kg foundry goods and amounts to 43.25 yuan of expenses altogether, amounts to 363.59 yuan.The melting master alloy is amounted to 40 yuan of expenses, amounts to 403.59 yuan, its mechanical property, tensile strength, and 160 Newton/millimeter (metal mold aluminium coupon is without any handling), unit elongation is 0.
Technology of the present invention:
ZL110, Chemical Composition Si5%, Cu7%, Mg0.35%, press 100Kg and calculate:
Furnace charge: AL98.7Kg, Si5Kg, Cu7Kg, Mg350g.
10 blow-ons in the morning, fixed 730 ℃ of furnace temperature, furnace temperature is raised to 150～300 ℃, weigh up AL, Si, the weight of Cu, 10: 20 with Si, Cu adds the electric furnace bottom, and the upper strata is AL, blowing out in 11: 30 minutes, 1 o'clock blow-on in afternoon, by 3: 30, liquation was raised to 730 ℃, spoon stirred up and down 4～6 minutes with skimming, solution fallen end 700 ℃,, be pressed in the liquation 7-10 minute with bell jar and changed the Mg of 150～300 ℃ of preheatings, spoon stirred up and down 4～6 minutes with skimming, add nontoxic refining degasifier 300g, refining in 10-15 minute finishes, and claws slag, added " natrium potassium salt " alterant 2Kg4-6 minute, processing claws slag, leaves standstill 5-10 minute, comes out of the stove about 4 hours.
Scaling loss: 2%, 2Kg amounts to 86.5 yuan, save about 300 yuan than existing with technology, mechanical property, tensile strength are increased to 181 Newton/millimeter (metal mold aluminium coupon without any handle) by original 160 Newton/millimeter, and unit elongation is increased to 1.3～2.3% by original 0.
Illustrate that temperature is according to foundry goods size, thin and thick, simple, complicated Cheng Du, can require to adjust arbitrarily (between 680～760 ℃) with foundry goods.Alterant, nontoxic refining degasifier can bases, and the specification sheets of various kinds is decided weight, temperature.
When using foundry returns, with the foundry returns electric furnace bottom of packing into, infusibility chemical element metal is put into the middle level, and aluminium ingot is put into the upper strata.
Claims (4)
1, the quick melting technology of a kind of aluminium alloy, feature of the present invention is to found the model aluminium alloy under 670 ℃～760 ℃ temperature condition, the cast aluminum alloy casting of required model of melting once, it takes the model alloy is the method that the required chemical ingredients of aluminum alloy casting directly adds, the furnace charge that adopts is the new metal charge of the required chemical ingredients of model aluminium alloy, also can comprise the part foundry returns, the new metal charge that is about to the required chemical ingredients of model aluminium alloy also can have the part foundry returns once or in batches to add to carry out the melting casting in the smelting furnace, obtain machinery, the cast aluminium alloy of the required model that structure property is good.
2, the quick melting technology of aluminium alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the technical pure metal that described new metal charge is commercial-purity aluminium and required chemical ingredients.
3, the quick melting technology of aluminium alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: furnace charge is disposable, and to add fashionable fusing point with aluminium be benchmark, and fusing point is packed into simultaneously than the high metal of aluminium and aluminium in the smelting furnace, is seated in bottom, and aluminium is put layer; The metal that fusing point is low than aluminium can directly be pressed into liquation behind other melting of metal.
4, the quick melting technology of aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when furnace charge adds smelting furnace in batches, go into the chemical ingredients metal of stove with aluminium simultaneously and put lower floor, aluminium is put layer, and other metal can take to be preheating to the mode that adds liquation after the certain temperature.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 93116726 CN1099425A (en) | 1993-08-24 | 1993-08-24 | Energy-saving, efficient quick-melting process of aluminium alloy |
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| CN 93116726 CN1099425A (en) | 1993-08-24 | 1993-08-24 | Energy-saving, efficient quick-melting process of aluminium alloy |
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| CN1099425A true CN1099425A (en) | 1995-03-01 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100469914C (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-18 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for adding magnesium during production process of aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot |
| CN108411134A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-17 | 江苏宏德特种部件股份有限公司 | A kind of melt treating method for strengthening casting aluminium zinc Si-Mg alloy |
| CN115232996A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-10-25 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | ZL105A aluminum alloy smelting method |
-
1993
- 1993-08-24 CN CN 93116726 patent/CN1099425A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100469914C (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-18 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for adding magnesium during production process of aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot |
| CN108411134A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-17 | 江苏宏德特种部件股份有限公司 | A kind of melt treating method for strengthening casting aluminium zinc Si-Mg alloy |
| CN115232996A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-10-25 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | ZL105A aluminum alloy smelting method |
| CN115232996B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-11-28 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | ZL105A aluminum alloy smelting method |
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