CN109937670B - Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on sponge iron chemical denitrification - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on sponge iron chemical denitrification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on sponge iron chemical denitrification, and belongs to the technical field of sewage recycling and agricultural engineering. The method comprises the following steps: the irrigation system comprises a liquid manure system, a drip irrigation system and a water-reducing collection system, wherein the liquid manure system, the drip irrigation system and the water-reducing collection system are sequentially communicated through pipelines; the water and fertilizer system comprises a deep water pump, a water pumping pipe and a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed; the drip irrigation system comprises an irrigation regulating reservoir and a drip irrigation pipe; the collection system that catchments that drains off water includes farmland escape canal, farmland collecting pit that drains off water. The invention uses a deep water pump to pump the surface groundwater of the farmland polluted by nitrate, and the surface groundwater is treated by a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed to ensure that NO is generated3 ‑Reduction of-N to NH more readily adsorbed by soil colloid particles and absorbed by crops4 +And (N) the effluent of the irrigation system enters a drip irrigation system after being stored and regulated by an irrigation regulating reservoir to realize farmland fertility improvement. The invention can realize the nitrogen fertilizer supply of farmland while irrigating, and effectively reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by the traditional fertilizing mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage recycling and agricultural engineering, and relates to a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on sponge iron chemical denitrification.
Background
The ground water isThe important component of water resource in China is also the main irrigation water of crops in many areas, and NO is caused by long-term excessive application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, improper fertilization mode and the like3 -N becomes one of the main pollutants of groundwater. Groundwater NO of different types of farmlands3 -The pollution condition of N is different, the root system of vegetable crops is commonly underdeveloped compared with that of field crops, and frequent irrigation and fertilization are needed to guarantee the growth of the vegetables. The vegetables in 2-3 seasons of the year usually need 500 kg/hm of nitrogenous fertilizer2Therefore, groundwater NO of the vegetable planting area3 -the-N concentration is obviously higher than that of the planting areas of the grain field and the fruit tree field. In many intensive vegetable planting areas with long vegetable planting history, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in underground water can exceed 100mg/L, and the local ecological environment is seriously influenced, so that the problem of seeking a scientific and efficient fertilization mode to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer is a problem to be solved urgently.
In general, the simultaneous application of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers enables higher growth rates and yields to be obtained for crops. However, the use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is forbidden in the green food production specified in the 'Green food fertilizer use guidelines NY/T394-2013'. The main reason is that nitrate in the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer enters soil along with irrigation water, and is absorbed by crops to increase the content of nitrate in vegetables, and the nitrate is converted into nitrite with carcinogenicity after being absorbed into human bodies, so that the human health is harmed. In addition, nitrate with negative charge is not easy to be adsorbed by soil colloid particles mainly with negative charge, and a large amount of NO which is not absorbed by crops in farmland3 -The leaching of N into the ground with rainfall or irrigation water leads to groundwater NO3 -the-N content is severely out of limits. And NH4 +N is then considered as a source of nitrogen beneficial to the plant, since NH occurs when the plant absorbs nitrogen4 +-N to NO3 -Low energy consumption of-N, and NH4 +N is mainly adsorbed and fixed on the surface of soil colloid particles and in the colloid lattice, and the mobility is compared with NO3 --N is smaller.
Sponge iron, also known as direct reduced iron, is produced at high temperaturesCheap porous particulate material prepared by reducing hematite with carbon monoxide, the main component of which is Fe0. The sponge iron can be used as NO under the condition of NO microorganism participation3 -N-reduced denitrifying Electron Donor to convert NO3 -Efficient reduction of-N to NH4 +-N. Thus, sponge iron and NO are utilized3 -Chemical denitrification of-N can be performed by NO with low cost3 -Conversion of-N contaminated groundwater to NH4 +N fertilizers are used for field irrigation. The risk of environmental pollution caused by the traditional fertilization mode is effectively reduced, the use criterion NY/T394-2013 of the green food fertilizer is met, and the method is a scientific and reasonable fertilization mode with low energy and resource consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on sponge iron chemical denitrification.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on sponge iron chemical denitrification, which is characterized by comprising a water and fertilizer system, a drip irrigation system and a water-withdrawal collection system, wherein the water and fertilizer system, the drip irrigation system and the water-withdrawal collection system are sequentially communicated through pipelines;
the liquid manure system includes: a water pumping pipe used for communicating the underground water with the water-returning collecting pool, a deep water pump used for pumping the surface layer underground water or the water stored in the water-returning collecting pool, and a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed used for reducing nitrate;
the drip irrigation system comprises: the device comprises an irrigation regulating reservoir for storing water and a drip irrigation pipe for drip irrigation, wherein one end of the irrigation regulating reservoir is connected with a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed, and the other end of the irrigation regulating reservoir is communicated with the drip irrigation pipe;
the collection system that anhydrates includes: a farmland drainage ditch for draining water and a farmland drainage collecting tank for collecting farmland drainage; the two ends of the farmland drainage collecting tank are respectively communicated with the water pumping pipe and the farmland drainage ditch.
Preferably, the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed comprises an inflow water distribution zone for distributing water, a sponge iron chemical denitrification zone for reducing nitrate, an outflow filtering zone for depositing and filtering soluble and insoluble iron-containing compounds flowing out of the sponge iron chemical denitrification zone;
an inflow compartment partition plate and an outflow compartment partition plate are respectively arranged at two ends of the sponge iron chemical denitrification area to separate the inflow water distribution area, the sponge iron chemical denitrification area and the outflow filter area, and the inflow compartment partition plate and the outflow compartment partition plate are only provided with openings at one end to form a water flow channel;
the sponge iron chemical denitrification area is formed by alternately splicing 14-16 sponge iron chemical denitrification area clapboards on an inflow compartment clapboard and an outflow compartment clapboard, so that underground water forms a zigzag water flow channel in the sponge iron chemical denitrification area; the underground water flows through the inflow water distribution area, the sponge iron chemical denitrification area and the outflow filtering area in sequence after entering the bed body.
Preferably, the water flow direction of the inflow water distribution area is parallel to the width of the bed body, the width is 13-18 cm, and gravels with the particle size of 1-1.5 cm are filled in the inflow water distribution area; the water flow direction of the sponge iron denitrification area is parallel to the length direction of the bed body, and sponge iron particles with the particle size of 5-8 mm are filled in the sponge iron denitrification area, and the bulk density is 1.5g/cm 3; the water flow direction of the effluent filtering zone is parallel to the width direction of the bed body, the width of the effluent filtering zone is 13-18 cm, and ceramsite with the particle size of 3-5mm is filled in the effluent filtering zone.
Preferably, the inflow compartment partition, the sponge iron chemical denitrification zone partition and the outflow compartment partition are made of copolymerized polypropylene plates.
Preferably, the length, the width and the height of the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed are respectively 4.0-5.0 m, 3.0-4.0 m and 1.5-1.2 m, and the upper part of the bed is open; the outer shell is made by 1.5mm thick stainless steel plate welding, and the inner shell is by 1.0cm thick copolymerization polypropylene board hot melt concatenation, and it has 5.0~10.0cm thick foaming insulation material to fill between outer shell and the inner shell.
Preferably, a first flow meter and a first flow speed adjusting valve are arranged on a pipeline between the deep water pump and the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed and used for adjusting and controlling the hydraulic load of the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed.
Preferably, a second flow rate regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed and the irrigation regulating reservoir and is used for regulating and controlling the hydraulic load of the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed.
Preferably, the upper part of the irrigation regulating tank is sealed, and the length, the width and the height of the irrigation regulating tank are 8.0-10.0 m, 4.0-6.0 m and 1.5-2.0 m respectively;
preferably, a water quality detection system and a stirrer are arranged in the irrigation regulating pond, and the water quality detection system 15 is used for detecting NO of irrigation water3 --N、NH4 +-N concentration and pH;
preferably, the pH value regulator in the irrigation regulation pool adopts humic acid to regulate the pH value to 6.0-8.0.
Preferably, a third flow rate regulating valve, a water pump and a second flow meter are arranged on a pipeline between the irrigation regulating reservoir and the drip irrigation pipe, and the water pump pressurizes the water discharged from the irrigation regulating reservoir and then the farmland irrigation and the fertilizer increase are realized through a drip irrigation system;
preferably, a fourth flow rate adjusting valve is arranged on a pipeline between the water pumping pipe and the farmland drainage collecting tank.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the surface layer underground water polluted by nitrate is reduced by the sponge iron in the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed, and NO can be realized by regulating and controlling the hydraulic load of the underground water in the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed3 --N to NH4 +-efficient conversion of N; h consumption when sponge iron participates in chemical denitrification+Causing the groundwater to be alkaline and leading to Fe0Fe produced by oxidation2+Precipitating and trapping in a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed; in the irrigation regulating tank, humic acid which is only soluble in dilute alkali and insoluble in dilute acid is used for regulating the pH of irrigation water so as to meet the water quality standard of farmland irrigation; finally, underground water is introduced into the farmland through a drip irrigation system to realize irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer supplement, and finally the farmland drainage is collected by a farmland drainage ditch and is stored in a drainage collecting tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention uses a deep water pump to pump the surface groundwater of the farmland polluted by nitrate, and uses sponge iron and NO3 -Chemical denitrification of-N can be carried out at low costWill not be NO3 -Conversion of-N contaminated groundwater to NH4 +N fertilizers are used for field irrigation.
(2) The method is based on the concept of nitrogen recycling, and is beneficial to improving the nitrate pollution condition of the groundwater in the traditional farming area after long-term operation.
(3) The invention provides a mode for realizing farmland nitrogen fertilizer supply while irrigating, and can effectively reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by the traditional fertilization mode on the premise of realizing reasonable fertilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the chemical denitrification bed for sponge iron of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the chemical denitrification of sponge iron in different water intakes NO in the example3 -NH at N concentration4 +-N generation rate.
1. A water pumping pipe; 2. a deep water pump; 3. a first flow meter; 4. a first flow rate regulating valve; 5. a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed shell; 6. Foaming heat-insulating materials; 7. an inner shell of the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed; 8. an inflow water distribution area; 9. a sponge iron chemical denitrification area; 10. a sponge iron chemical denitrification zone clapboard; 11. an outlet flow compartment partition; 12. an effluent filtration zone; 13. an inlet flow compartment divider; 14. a second flow rate regulating valve; 15. a water quality detection system; 16. a stirrer; 17. an irrigation regulation pond; 18. a third flow rate regulating valve; 19. a water pump; 20. a second flow meter; 21. a drip irrigation pipe; 22. a farmland drainage ditch; 23; a farmland water-returning collecting tank; 24. and a fourth flow rate regulating valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on sponge iron chemical denitrification specifically comprises a water and fertilizer system, a drip irrigation system and a water-dropping collection system, wherein the water and fertilizer system, the drip irrigation system and the water-dropping collection system are sequentially communicated through a pipeline;
the liquid manure system includes: the device comprises a water pumping pipe 1 for communicating underground water with a dewatering collection pool, a deep water pump 2 for pumping surface layer underground water or stored water in the dewatering collection pool, a first flowmeter 3, a first flow speed regulating valve 4 and a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed for reducing nitrate, wherein one end of the deep water pump 2 is connected with the water pumping pipe 1, and the other end of the deep water pump 2 is connected with the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed; a first flow meter 3 and a first flow speed adjusting valve 4 are arranged on a pipeline between the deep water pump 2 and the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed and are used for adjusting and controlling the hydraulic load of the sponge iron chemical denitrification bed;
as shown in figure 2, in the chemical sponge iron denitrification bed, a bed body outer shell 5 is formed by welding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 1.5mm, and a bed body inner shell 7 is formed by hot-melting and splicing of a copolymerized polypropylene plate with the thickness of 1 cm; a foaming polyurethane heat-insulating material 6 (tin-free gold insulation building materials Co., Ltd.) with the thickness of 5cm is filled between the outer shell 5 and the inner shell 7; the length, width and height of the bed body are respectively 4.0, 3.0 and 1.5m, and the upper part is open.
The sponge iron chemical denitrification fluidized bed comprises an inflow water distribution zone 8 for distributing water, a sponge iron chemical denitrification zone 9 for reducing nitrate, and an outflow filtering zone 12 for depositing and filtering soluble and insoluble iron-containing compounds flowing out of the sponge iron chemical denitrification zone 9;
an inflow compartment partition plate 13 and an outflow compartment partition plate 11 are respectively arranged at two ends of the sponge iron chemical denitrification area 9 to separate the inflow water distribution area 8, the sponge iron chemical denitrification area 9 and the outflow filter area 12, and the inflow compartment partition plate 13 and the outflow compartment partition plate 11 are only provided with openings at one end for forming a water flow channel;
the sponge iron chemical denitrification area 9 is formed by splicing 14 sponge iron chemical denitrification area partition plates 10 on an inflow compartment partition plate 13 and an outflow compartment partition plate 11 alternately, so that underground water forms a zigzag water flow channel in the sponge iron chemical denitrification area 9; after entering the bed body, the underground water flows through an inflow water distribution area 8, a sponge iron chemical denitrification area 9 and an outflow filtering area 12 in sequence; the inflow compartment partition plate 13, the sponge iron chemical denitrification compartment partition plate 10 and the outflow compartment partition plate 11 are all polypropylene copolymer plates (Shanghai Mr. plastic industry Co., Ltd., thickness 1 cm);
the water flow direction of the inflow water distribution area 8 is parallel to the width of the bed body, the width is 13cm, and gravels with the particle size of 1-1.5 cm are filled; the water flow direction of the sponge iron denitrification area is parallel to the length of the bed body, sponge iron particles with the particle size of 5-8 mm are filled, and the stacking density is 1.5g/cm3(ii) a The water flow direction of the effluent filtering zone 12 is parallel to the width of the bed body, the width is 13cm, ceramsite 12 with the grain diameter of 3-5mm is filled in the effluent filtering zone, and the effluent filtering zone is used for depositing and filtering a small amount of soluble and insoluble iron-containing compounds in the sponge iron chemical denitrification zone.
A second flow rate regulating valve 14 is arranged on a pipeline between the sponge iron chemical denitrification fluidized bed and the irrigation regulating reservoir 17 and is used for regulating and controlling the hydraulic load of the sponge iron chemical denitrification fluidized bed, and NO can be realized through regulating and controlling the hydraulic load3 --N to NH4 +Complete conversion of N.
The drip irrigation system comprises: the device comprises an irrigation regulating reservoir 17 for storing water and a drip irrigation pipe 21 for drip irrigation, wherein one end of the irrigation regulating reservoir 17 is connected with a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed, and the other end of the irrigation regulating reservoir 17 is communicated with the drip irrigation pipe 21;
the irrigation regulating pool 17 is sealed at the upper part, has the length, width and height of 10.0m, 6.0m and 2.0m respectively, and is provided with a water quality monitoring system 15 and a stirrer 16. Water quality detection system 15 is used for monitoring NO of irrigation water3 --N、NH4 +-N concentration and pH; the pH value of the regulator in the irrigation regulating tank 17 is regulated to 6.5-7.0 by humic acid.
A third flow rate regulating valve 18, a water pump 19 and a second flow meter 20 are arranged between the irrigation regulating reservoir 17 and the drip irrigation pipe 21, and the water pump 19 pressurizes the water discharged from the irrigation regulating reservoir and then the farmland irrigation and the fertilizer increase are realized through a drip irrigation system.
The collection system that anhydrates includes: a farmland drainage canal 22 and a farmland drainage collecting tank 23; the farmland is catched 23 both ends and is communicate with drinking-water pipe 1 and farmland drainage canal 22 on every side respectively, and the farmland is catched and is stored in the catch pit 23 that catchments after being collected by farmland drainage canal 22.
As shown in figure 3, the average porosity of the chemical denitrification bed of the sponge iron is about 35 percent, and the hydraulic load is 0.3 m3/( m3D) in different feed waters NO3 -NH at N concentration4 +-rate of formation of N, NO when feeding water3 -NO at N concentrations below 120 mg/L3 -Reduction of-N to NH4 +The conversions of-N were all higher than 80%.
The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on the sponge iron chemical denitrification can generate 6m of water and fertilizer each day3 NH4 +Irrigation water with a N concentration of about 100mg/L, the chemodenitrification bed of sponge iron producing about 90m for 15 days for 1 irrigation cycle3The irrigation water is calculated by the content of nitrogen in the urea, which is equivalent to about 20kg of urea applied in each irrigation period, and can completely meet the requirements of irrigation water quantity and nitrogen fertilizer of 1 mu of tomato field.
Claims (8)
1. A water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on sponge iron chemical denitrification is characterized by comprising a water and fertilizer system, a drip irrigation system and a water-withdrawal collection system, wherein the water and fertilizer system, the drip irrigation system and the water-withdrawal collection system are sequentially communicated through pipelines;
the liquid manure system includes: a water pumping pipe (1) for communicating the underground water with the backwater collecting pool, a deep water pump (2) for pumping the surface layer underground water or the stored water in the backwater collecting pool, and a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed for reducing nitrate;
the drip irrigation system comprises: the device comprises an irrigation regulating pool (17) for storing water and a drip irrigation pipe (21) for drip irrigation, wherein one end of the irrigation regulating pool (17) is connected with a sponge iron chemical denitrification bed, and the other end of the irrigation regulating pool (17) is communicated with the drip irrigation pipe (21);
the collection system that anhydrates includes: a farmland drainage ditch (22) for drainage and a farmland drainage collecting tank (23) for collecting farmland drainage; two ends of the farmland drainage collecting tank (23) are respectively communicated with the water pumping pipe (1) and the farmland drainage ditch (22);
the sponge iron chemical denitrification fluidized bed comprises an inflow water distribution zone (8) for distributing water, a sponge iron chemical denitrification zone (9) for reducing nitrate, and an outflow filtering zone (12) for depositing and filtering soluble and insoluble iron-containing compounds flowing out of the sponge iron chemical denitrification zone (9);
an inflow compartment partition plate (13) and an outflow compartment partition plate (11) are respectively arranged at two ends of the sponge iron chemical denitrification area (9) to separate the inflow water distribution area (8), the sponge iron chemical denitrification area (9) and the outflow filter area (12), and the inflow compartment partition plate (13) and the outflow compartment partition plate (11) are only provided with an opening at one end to form a water flow channel;
the sponge iron chemical denitrification area (9) is formed by alternately splicing 14-16 sponge iron chemical denitrification area partition plates (10) on an inflow compartment partition plate (13) and an outflow compartment partition plate (11), so that underground water forms a zigzag water flow channel in the sponge iron chemical denitrification area (9); after entering the bed body, the underground water flows through an inflow water distribution area (8), a sponge iron chemical denitrification area (9) and an outflow filtering area (12) in sequence.
2. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on the chemical denitrification of the sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water flow direction of the inflow water distribution area (8) is parallel to the width of the bed body, the width of the inflow water distribution area is 13-18 cm, and the inflow water distribution area is filled with gravels with the grain size of 1-1.5 cm; the water flow direction of the sponge iron denitrification area (9) is parallel to the length direction of the bed body, and sponge iron particles with the particle size of 5-8 mm are filled in the sponge iron denitrification area, and the stacking density is 1.5g/cm 3; the water flow direction of the effluent filtering zone (12) is parallel to the width direction of the bed body, the width is 13-18 cm, and ceramsite with the particle size of 3-5mm is filled.
3. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on the chemical denitrification of the sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inflow compartment partition (13), the chemical denitrification compartment partition (10) of the sponge iron and the outflow compartment partition (11) are all made of polypropylene copolymer plates.
4. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on the chemical denitrification of the sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length, width and height of the chemical denitrification bed of the sponge iron are respectively 4.0-5.0 m, 3.0-4.0 m and 1.5-1.2 m, and the upper part of the chemical denitrification bed of the sponge iron is open; the outer shell (5) is made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 1.5mm through welding, the inner shell (7) is spliced through a copolymerized polypropylene plate with the thickness of 1.0cm through hot melting, and a foaming heat-insulating material (6) with the thickness of 5.0-10.0 cm is filled between the outer shell and the inner shell.
5. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on the chemical denitrification of the sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pipeline between the deep water pump (2) and the chemical denitrification bed of the sponge iron is provided with a first flow meter (3) and a first flow rate adjusting valve (4) for adjusting and controlling the hydraulic load of the chemical denitrification bed of the sponge iron.
6. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on the chemical denitrification of the sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second flow rate regulating valve (14) is arranged on a pipeline between the chemical denitrification bed of the sponge iron and the irrigation regulating reservoir (17) and is used for regulating and controlling the hydraulic load of the chemical denitrification bed of the sponge iron.
7. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on the chemical denitrification of the sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation regulating tank (17) is sealed at the upper part, and the length, width and height of the irrigation regulating tank are respectively 8.0-10.0 m, 4.0-6.0 m and 1.5-2.0 m; a water quality detection system (15) and a stirrer (16) are arranged in the irrigation regulating tank; and the pH value regulator in the irrigation regulating tank (17) adopts humic acid to regulate the pH value to 6.0-8.0.
8. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on the chemical denitrification of the sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a pipeline between the irrigation regulating reservoir (17) and the drip irrigation pipe (21) is provided with a third flow rate regulating valve (18), a water pump (19) and a second flow meter (20), and the water outlet of the irrigation regulating reservoir (17) is pressurized by the water pump (19) to realize farmland irrigation and fertilizer increase through the drip irrigation system; a fourth flow speed regulating valve (24) is arranged on a pipeline between the water pumping pipe (1) and the farmland drainage collecting tank (23).
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| US6808631B2 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-10-26 | Rolf Paloheimo | Aerobic wastewater treatment apparatus |
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