CN110183037A - A kind of farmland irrigating drainage purified treatment circulatory system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of farmland water conservancy and irrigation, in particular to a farmland irrigation drainage purification treatment cycle system, which includes a river and a plurality of farmland irrigation systems, the rivers provide water sources for the farmland irrigation systems, and a farmland irrigation system is provided between two adjacent farmland irrigation systems. There is an ecological treatment system, and the ecological treatment system includes a gravel bed, a submerged plant belt, an earthworm ecological wetland and a reservoir, and the outlet of the upper-level farmland irrigation system communicates with the first entrance of the gravel bed, and the gravel bed The outlet of the submerged plant belt is connected with the entrance of the submerged plant belt, and the outlet of the submerged plant belt is connected with the entrance of the earthworm ecological wetland. The first outlet of the earthworm ecological wetland is a water outlet, and the water outlet is connected with the entrance of the reservoir. In communication, the outlet pipe of the reservoir is in communication with the next level of farmland irrigation system. The invention has the advantages of solving the problem of non-point source pollution to ecological rivers and lakes caused by traditional farmland irrigation, improving the efficiency of irrigation water and reducing waste of water resources.

Description

A farmland irrigation drainage purification treatment circulation system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of farmland water conservancy irrigation technology, in particular to a farmland irrigation drainage purification treatment cycle system.

Background technique

my country's average total water supply is about 550 billion cubic meters, of which irrigation water consumption is about 360 billion cubic meters, and agricultural irrigation water consumption accounts for 90% of the total agricultural water consumption, making it a veritable major water user. my country's agricultural water consumption is large, and extensive irrigation has caused rural water environment pollution and water shortage problems. At present, at the end of rural areas, the construction of sewage treatment facilities does not yet have scale effect, and agricultural non-point source pollution is serious. Therefore, agricultural water conservation, as an important way to save water, increase efficiency, and control pollution, will bear the brunt. Agriculture is a large water user. 70% of China's agricultural products come from irrigated farmland. The shortage of water resources must require agriculture to use water resources efficiently.

In order to better coordinate the allocation of water resources in farmland and realize the sustainable development of farmland agriculture, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research on the construction mode of "ecological farmland". Its construction requires the reduction of water pollution from non-point sources, especially the development of ecological measures for farmland in the lake basin. In the process of controlling non-point source pollution at home and abroad, ecological processes are gradually recognized as effective measures for non-point source pollution control. At present, ecological processes with relatively mature technologies and more applications include: constructed wetlands, front-end reservoirs, vegetation buffer zones, water and land Interlace etc. Although these technologies can effectively prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution, they are difficult to popularize and apply on a large scale due to the large area required. Secondly, there are few practices on the integrated use of several technical models.

On the basis of the construction and evolution of farmland at home and abroad, scholars from the aspects of irrigation and drainage system water resource recycling model, farmland landscape layout, construction of ditch spatial form, ditch anti-seepage technology and ecological form, and the form of farmland storage ponds, etc., The construction mode of ecological farmland is discussed. For example, ecological revetment technology is used in water delivery channels to reduce water impact and water infiltration and improve water resource utilization; field drainage ditches and ponds are built to build barriers and intercept farmland non-point source pollution. However, the current engineering technologies often only focus on water-saving irrigation or sewage reduction and drainage processes, and there is a lack of comprehensive engineering methods coupling the two. For example, in some areas, if the drainage from farmland directly enters rivers and lakes, it will not only waste nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and fertilizer resources, but also harmful substances such as pesticides and heavy metals in the water will cause serious harm to the receiving water. In order to improve production efficiency and economic efficiency, the farmland can fully use the farmland drainage after treatment. In the past, ecological farmland construction technology did not coordinate the relationship between efficient use of water resources and water purification and pollution reduction, which greatly restricted its application.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a farmland irrigation drainage purification treatment circulation system.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment cycle system, including a river and a plurality of farmland irrigation systems, the river provides water for the farmland irrigation system, an ecological treatment system is arranged between two adjacent farmland irrigation systems, and the ecological treatment system includes The gravel bed, the submerged plant belt, the earthworm ecological wetland and the reservoir, the outlet of the upper-level farmland irrigation system communicates with the first entrance of the gravel bed, the outlet of the gravel bed communicates with the entrance of the submerged plant belt, The outlet of the submerged plant belt is connected to the entrance of the earthworm ecological wetland, the first outlet of the earthworm ecological wetland is a water outlet, and the water outlet is connected to the entrance of the reservoir, and the outlet pipe of the reservoir is connected to the The next level of farmland irrigation system is connected.

Further, a trash rack 1 is provided between the outlet of the farmland irrigation system and the first entrance of the gravel bed, and a water quality analyzer 1 is provided in the trash rack 1 .

Further, a trash rack 2 is also provided at the water outlet before entering the reservoir, and a water quality analyzer 2 is installed inside the trash rack 2 .

Further, the first water quality analyzer and the second water quality analyzer are a combination of a water turbidity meter and a nitrogen and phosphorus analyzer.

Further, a water intake is also provided at the second entrance of the gravel bed, and the water intake draws water from a river, and a trash rack three is provided at the water intake.

Further, a drainage pipe is provided at the second outlet of the earthworm ecological wetland.

Further, the outlet of the submerged plant belt is connected to one end of the pipeline, a water pump is installed on the pipeline of the pipeline, and a sprinkler is installed on the other end of the pipeline, and the sprinkler is arranged above the earthworm ecological wetland.

Further, the earthworm ecological wetland includes an earthworm active soil layer, a sandstone layer and a filter layer arranged from top to bottom, surface plants are planted on the surface of the earthworm active soil layer, and a valve is installed at the water outlet.

Further, bitter grass is planted in the submerged plant belt.

Further, the farmland irrigation system includes farmland, main canals, branch canals and drainage ditches. The main canal is located on the side of the farmland close to the river. The main canal communicates with the river through the river entrance. A branch canal, the branch canal is provided with a plurality of bucket ditches, the bucket canal is provided with a plurality of hairy ditches, and a plurality of drainage ditches are also provided in the farmland, and the plurality of drainage ditches are respectively connected with the drainage ditch, and the drainage ditch It is the outlet of the farmland irrigation system.

The present invention has the following advantages:

1. The invention solves the problems of low utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water and discharge of farmland non-point source pollutants, and can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and chemical fertilizers at the same time.

2. Solve the problems of farmland sewage treatment and recycling and save agricultural water, improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and chemical fertilizers, protect the ecological environment of rural farmland, and provide technical support for the construction of ecological water-saving farmland with small gaps.

3. When the upper irrigation area drains water, it is filtered and intercepted through the gravel bed, and then the pesticide residues, heavy metals and other harmful substances are purified through the submerged plant belt and the earthworm ecological wetland, which reduces the pollution of the river.

4. The sewage treatment area (gravel bed, submerged plant zone, earthworm ecological wetland) is an irregular area to increase the hydraulic retention time. The gravel bed is an advanced technology, which uses physical and biological effects to intercept suspended solids and purify harmful substances. Submerged plants With water purification to eliminate nitrogen and phosphorus, the area of earthworm ecological wetland is relatively large, because it is the last treatment procedure. There are gates between each unit for manual action and regular maintenance.

5. The treated water enters the reservoir first. Since the high-yield water flow flows into the next level of farmland irrigation, the residual nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body can be reused to improve the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers. The turbidity meter and nitrogen and phosphorus analyzer installed at the head and tail can be Real-time monitoring of water quality, through real-time data comparison, in order to check and repair the system in time.

6. The sewage treatment system can be rebuilt in low-lying depressions or by using natural ponds or puddles to reduce costs. At the same time, the material and labor costs of this system are low, and it can be put into use once it is completed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of farmland irrigation system of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the ecological treatment system of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the earthworm ecological wetland of the present invention;

In the figure: 1-river, 2-farmland irrigation system, 2a-farmland, 2b-main canal, 2c-river inlet, 2d-branch canal, 2e-bucket canal, 2f-hair canal, 2g-drainage ditch, 2h-drainage ditch, 3-Ecological treatment system, 3a-gravel bed, 3b-submerged plant belt, 3c-earthworm ecological wetland, 3c1-earthworm active soil layer, 3c2-surface plant, 3c3-sandstone layer, 3c4-filter layer, 3d-barrier Pollution fence 1, 3e-water quality analyzer 1, 3f-water outlet, 3f1-valve, 3g-water quality analyzer 2, 3h-trash rack 2, 3i-reservoir, 3j-outlet pipe, 3k-water intake, 3m-trash rack three, 3n-drain pipe, 4-pipeline, 5-water pump, 6-sprinkler.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, a farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment cycle system includes a river 1 and a plurality of farmland irrigation systems 2, the river 1 provides water sources for the farmland irrigation systems 2, and two adjacent farmland irrigation systems 2 An ecological treatment system 3 is arranged between them, and the ecological treatment system 3 includes a gravel bed 3a, a submerged plant belt 3b, an earthworm ecological wetland 3c and a reservoir 3i, and the outlet of the upper-level farmland irrigation system 2 is connected to the gravel bed The first inlet of 3a is connected, and the role of the gravel bed 3a is to filter large particles, absorb and decompose some small particle pollutants, the outlet of the gravel bed 3a is connected with the entrance of the submerged plant belt 3b, and the submerged plant belt 3b The outlet is connected to the entrance of the earthworm ecological wetland 3c, and the submerged plant belt 3b is used to remove most of the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The first outlet of the earthworm ecological wetland 3c is the water outlet 3f, and the water outlet 3f is connected to the water storage. The inlet of the water tank 3i is connected, and the outlet pipe 3j of the water storage tank 3i is connected with the farmland irrigation system 2 at the next level. Eliminate residual pesticides and other pollutants in the water body, increase the air humidity in the surrounding area, absorb, fix, and transform the nutrient content of the soil and water through the action of aquatic plants, as well as chemical and biological processes, and the earthworm ecological wetland 3c can degrade toxic and polluting substances , purify water, reduce environmental pollution, and can also be used as a beautiful ecological landscape.

Further, as shown in Figure 3, a trash rack 3d is provided between the outlet of the farmland irrigation system 2 and the first entrance of the gravel bed 3a, and a water quality analyzer is arranged in the trash rack 1 a 3e.

Further, as shown in Fig. 3, a trash rack 2 3h is also provided at the water outlet 3f before entering the reservoir 3i, and a water quality analyzer 2 3g is installed in the trash rack 2 3h.

Preferably, the first water quality analyzer 3e and the second water quality analyzer 3g are a combination of a water body turbidity meter and a nitrogen and phosphorus analyzer.

Further, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, a water intake 3k is also provided at the second entrance of the gravel bed 3a, and the water intake 3k draws water from the river 1, and a barrier is provided at the water intake 3k. Pollution grid three 3m. It is possible to regularly introduce the water body of the natural river to change and wash the treatment circulation system.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3 , a drainage pipe 3n is provided at the second outlet of the earthworm ecological wetland 3c to discharge excess water when the inflow of water is too large during heavy rain.

Further, the outlet of the submerged plant belt 3b is connected to one end of the pipeline 4, and a water pump 5, preferably a peristaltic pump, is installed on the pipeline of the pipeline 4. The peristaltic pump is a new energy-saving pump that periodically Pumps out liquid, increasing liquid residence time. Its main advantages are as follows: 1. No pollution: the fluid only touches the pump tube, not the pump body; 2. High precision: high repeatability and high stability; Ideal tool for strong fluid; 4. Good sealing performance: good self-priming ability, can be idling, and can prevent backflow; 5. Simple maintenance: no valves and seals, the other end of the pipe 4 is installed with a nozzle 6, the nozzle 6 6 is arranged above the earthworm ecological wetland 3c. The water body enters the water pump 5 from the submerged plant belt 3b, and is transported to the nozzle 6, so that the treated sewage is sprayed on the earthworm ecological wetland 3c.

Further, as shown in Figure 4, the earthworm ecological wetland 3c is an irregularly shaped wetland with an appropriate area, and the earthworm ecological wetland 3c includes an earthworm active soil layer 3c1, a sandstone layer 3c3 and a filter layer arranged from top to bottom 3c4, there are earthworms in the earthworm active soil layer 3c1, and surface plants 3c2 are planted on the surface of the earthworm active soil layer 3c1 to treat water quality, and a valve 3f1 is installed at the water outlet 3f, and the sandstone layer 3c3 and the filter layer 3c4 are different The particle size of the sandstone layer is composed of sand and gravel, the particle size of the sandstone layer 3c3 is small, and the particle size of the filter layer 3c4 is large, eliminating solid impurities that may be brought by the wetland itself. Earthworm ecological wetland 3c is an irregularly shaped wetland with an appropriate area. Earthworm ecological wetland 3c is designed based on the ecological functions of earthworms to improve soil aeration and water permeability and promote organic matter decomposition and transformation. It integrates physical filtration, adsorption, aerobic decomposition and pollution. Sludge treatment and other functions in one, using filter material interception, earthworms and microorganisms to decompose and utilize organic matter and nutrients in sewage and sludge, and can promote the nitrification and denitrification of nitrogenous substances. It is an ecological sewage sludge synchronous treatment new technology. In earthworm ecological wetland 3c, earthworms and microorganisms can form a good synergistic effect. On the one hand, the food chain of organisms is extended, and the types of microorganisms are enriched, thereby strengthening the removal of organic pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus; on the other hand, due to The activities of earthworms, the better permeability of the filter material in the filter can significantly increase the hydraulic load of the earthworm ecological filter, and the peristalsis of earthworms can well promote the increase of soil oxygen content, thereby promoting the efficient use of pollutants in the soil by plants . In addition, the biological sludge in the earthworm ecological wetland 3c is stable, its capillary water absorption time is about 30-50s, and the sludge dehydration performance is good. Compared with the conventional activated sludge treatment technology, the cost of sludge treatment can be greatly reduced. The organic matter in sewage can be efficiently purified by promoting the decomposition of facultative microorganisms through filtration, adsorption and absorption. It has good effect, low investment, low operation cost, good application effect, improved water quality, stable load, simple structure, No need for three-phase separator, no sludge return and blower aeration equipment, no power consumption, simple and convenient operation and management, good landscape and ecological effects, etc.

Preferably, bitter grass is planted in the submerged plant zone 3b, which has a remarkable effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondly, it has tenacious vitality and is cheap. Taking the irrigation amount of one mu of farmland as an example, the corresponding submerged plant belt 3 b can be a rectangular, fan-shaped or circular area. Here, the rectangle is taken as an example, and the size is about 20m×20m. The submerged plant zone 3b needs to be collected every 5 to 10 days to avoid secondary pollution caused by grass rot and maintain a high purification capacity at all times. The number of each collection should be 1/4 of the total number of plants, and the maximum should not exceed 1/ 3. The harvested bitter grass should be processed in time.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the farmland irrigation system 2 includes a farmland 2a, a main canal 2b, a branch canal 2d and a drainage ditch 2h. The main canal 2b is located on the side of the farmland 2a close to the river 1. Connected through the river entrance 2c, one side of the main canal 2b is provided with a plurality of branch canals 2d at intervals. A plurality of drainage ditches 2g are provided, and the plurality of drainage ditches 2g are respectively connected with the drainage ditch 2h, and the drainage ditch 2h is the outlet of the farmland irrigation system 2 . The irrigation water enters the main irrigation canal 2b through the river inlet 2c, and then enters the branch canal 2d, the bucket canal 2e, and the canal 2f, and transports the water to the farmland 2a for irrigation, and the excess water flows into the drainage ditch 2h through the drainage ditch 2g; the sewage of the drainage ditch 2h It is discharged into the ecological treatment system 3 through the trash rack-3d.

The main functions of the gravel bed 3a are: first, contact sedimentation, where the large particles of impurities or pollutants in the sewage settle due to the slowing down of the flow velocity due to the obstruction of the gravel; The third is microbial decomposition, the dissolved organic matter in sewage is ingested by microorganisms and decomposed into harmless inorganic matter. A certain amount of gravel is placed in the river as the filling layer. When the water flows through the gravel channel, it will fully contact with the gravel, which greatly improves the self-purification ability of the water flow. Preferably, taking the irrigation amount of one mu of farmland as an example, the size of the corresponding gravel bed 3a is about 30m×10m×3m, and the cross-section and surface shape are rectangular.

During the irrigation period, the treated water in the system is transported to the next level of farmland and reused in the farmland to save water resources and improve irrigation efficiency. The trace amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients remaining in the water body can be used for crop growth and improve the use of chemical fertilizers. efficiency. In practical application, according to the different topography, the shape of each treatment area in the circulation system is irregular, so as to increase the bypass of water flow, improve the residence time of water body and the effect of purification treatment. There are gates between each treatment, and the gates are adjusted according to the incoming water volume. degree of opening and closing. There are independent water inlets and outlets and gates in the system. Its function is to regularly clean and update the water body, and to deal with the problem of excessive water inflow during heavy rains.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A circulatory system for farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment, comprising a river (1) and multiple farmland irrigation systems (2), characterized in that: the river (1) provides water sources for the farmland irrigation system (2), and two adjacent An ecological treatment system (3) is provided between the two farmland irrigation systems (2), and the ecological treatment system (3) includes gravel beds (3a), submerged plant belts (3b), earthworm ecological wetlands (3c) and water storage In the pool (3i), the outlet of the upper-level farmland irrigation system (2) communicates with the first inlet of the gravel bed (3a), and the outlet of the gravel bed (3a) communicates with the inlet of the submerged plant belt (3b) , the outlet of the submerged plant belt (3b) communicates with the inlet of the earthworm ecological wetland (3c), the first outlet of the earthworm ecological wetland (3c) is the water outlet (3f), and the water outlet (3f) is connected to the The inlet of the water storage tank (3i) is connected, and the outlet pipe (3j) of the water storage tank (3i) is connected with the next-level farmland irrigation system (2). 2. A farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment circulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: there is a barrier between the outlet of the farmland irrigation system (2) and the first inlet of the gravel bed (3a) A trash rack one (3d), a water quality analyzer (3e) is arranged inside the trash rack one. 3. A circulatory system for farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: there is also a trash rack 2 (3h) at the water outlet (3f) before entering the reservoir (3i), The trash rack two (3h) is equipped with a water quality analyzer two (3g). 4. A cycle system for farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that: said water quality analyzer one (3e) and said water quality analyzer two (3g) are water turbidity meters and nitrogen Combination of phosphorus analyzers. 5. The circulation system for farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: a water intake (3k) is also provided at the second entrance of the gravel bed (3a), and the water intake (3k ) takes water from the river (1), and three trash racks (3m) are arranged at the water intake (3k). 6. A farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a drainpipe (3n) is provided at the second outlet of the earthworm ecological wetland (3c). 7. A farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outlet of the submerged plant belt (3b) is connected to one end of the pipeline (4), and the pipeline (4) A water pump (5) is installed on the pipeline, and a sprinkler (6) is installed at the other end of the pipeline (4), and the sprinkler (6) is arranged above the earthworm ecological wetland (3c). 8. A farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment circulation system according to claim 1, 6 or 7, characterized in that: the earthworm ecological wetland (3c) includes earthworm active soil layers (3c1) arranged from top to bottom, A sandstone layer (3c3) and a filter layer (3c4), surface plants (3c2) are planted on the surface of the earthworm active soil layer (3c1), and a valve (3f1) is installed at the water outlet (3f). 9. A farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment circulation system according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: bitter grass is planted in the submerged plant belt (3b). 10. A farmland irrigation and drainage purification treatment cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the farmland irrigation system (2) includes farmland (2a), main canal (2b), branch canal (2d) and drainage ditches ( 2h), the main canal (2b) is located on the side of the farmland (2a) close to the river (1), the main canal (2b) communicates with the river (1) through the river inlet (2c), and one of the main canals (2b) A plurality of branch canals (2d) are arranged at intervals on the side, and a plurality of bucket canals (2e) are arranged on the side canals (2d), and a plurality of hair canals (2f) are arranged on the bucket canals (2e), and there are also in the farmland (2a) A plurality of drainage ditches (2g) are provided, and the plurality of drainage ditches (2g) are respectively connected with the drainage ditch (2h), and the drainage ditch (2h) is an outlet of the farmland irrigation system (2).