CN109933954A - A kind of identification and diaster prevention and control method of remnants absciss layer - Google Patents
A kind of identification and diaster prevention and control method of remnants absciss layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the identifications and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer, comprising the following steps: according to overlying strata lithology and combinations thereof feature, is based on " combination beam " principle, determines the position of all absciss layers in overlying strata；Identify disastrous absciss layer；Calculate maximum absciss layer amount, the maximum remaining absciss layer amount of disastrous absciss layer；Determine the position of maximum remaining absciss layer；Remaining absciss layer disaster is prevented and treated.Beneficial effects of the present invention: finding absciss layer all in overlying strata by calculating, and to determine disastrous absciss layer, determines maximum remaining absciss layer amount, determine the position of remnants absciss layer, it realizes that the diaster prevention and control to remaining absciss layer works, reduces the generation of disaster, ensure safety of coal mines.And calculating parameter can be found in coal mine technical data archives, without increasing additional workload；Convenience of calculation, field engineering technical staff slightly give training and can grasp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of identification of Coal Mine Disasters and prevention and control field more particularly to a kind of identification of remaining absciss layer with
Diaster prevention and control method.
Background technique
Coal mine roof plate " absciss layer water " water damage frequently occurs in recent years, and casualties and property loss are startling.Huaibei coal
The prominent accident of Tian Haizi coal mine 2005 " 5.21 " absciss layer water causes 5 people dead altogether, maximal water*.inrush quality 3887m3/ h, and formed
Impulsion pressure secondary disaster；Zhu Xianzhuan coal mine 2015 " 1.30 " absciss layer water water damage accidents cause 7 people dead altogether, maximal water*.inrush quality
7200m3/ h, exploitation working face are flooded.
In roof overlying strata, when the soft stratum engineering that thick and hard rock stratum (practise and claim " key stratum ") is underlied with it
Matter property is there are when larger difference, and under mining influence, the two movement and deformation is uncoordinated, asynchronous, to generate absciss layer space
(on section, absciss layer amount is broad in the middle, two sides are small, similar " basin shape ").Be embodied in the next soft stratum deflection it is excessive and on
Position hard-and-thick strata is hanging.Preservation is in underground water therein, referred to as " absciss layer water ".
Overburden deformation and failure caused by exploiting can be divided into three bands: caving zone, fissure zone and bending band from bottom to top.From
Layer can occur be formed in the closer caving zone in goaf or fissure zone apart from the farther away bending in goaf
With inner (attached drawing 1).It develops in absciss layer (the △ h in caving zone or fissure zone1、△h2), because the gap of caving zone and fissure zone with adopt
Dead zone is connected and is difficult to ponding, to safe working without threat；And the bending above water flowing fractured zone is developed with inner absciss layer
(△hi), under the action of negative pressure can continuous ponding, to Safety of Coal Mine Production threaten it is larger, so this absciss layer be commonly referred to as " disaster
Property absciss layer ".
With the back production of working face, the outstanding top of the upper hard-and-thick strata (i.e. " key stratum ") of absciss layer is increasing, when outstanding top reaches
When being balanced to limit stress, it is difficult to it bears the collective effect of self weight and mine pressure and occurs to be broken suddenly, generated enormous impact
Power, which is hit, claps absciss layer water, and moment forms excess hydrostatic pressure, breaks through absciss layer bottom protective layer (i.e. absciss layer bottom circle and water flowing fractured zone top circle
Between rock stratum, with a thickness of h0), to cause explosive absciss layer water is prominent to gush disaster, with impulsion pressure, disaster in the case where having
It is more serious.
Upper rock stratum (i.e. " the key stratum ") fracture of absciss layer is usually to occur at the position of the maximum absciss layer amount in absciss layer center.
With the fracture of key stratum, rock fragment can fill the space near maximum absciss layer amount and gradually closely knit, and in basin shape absciss layer
Two sides usually retain certain remaining absciss layer space (not filled by fracture rock fragment, attached drawing 2), and this remnants absciss layer is usual
Can water storage or gather qi together (i.e. gas), still potential serious remaining absciss layer water (or/and gas) outburst danger under mining influence, especially
It is that remaining absciss layer gas (gas) harm is bigger.Remove a hidden danger if being not thorough, it will it is subsequent to working face exploitation and it is adjacent, close
Working face mining causes to seriously threaten.Therefore, this remaining absciss layer amount and its position are identified, to be adopted in recovery process
Take the effective precautionary measures, it is ensured that the secondary disaster accident that remaining absciss layer water (gas) does not occur has weight to Safety of Coal Mine Production
Want meaning.
The information disclosed in the background technology section is intended only to increase the understanding to general background of the invention, without answering
When being considered as recognizing or imply that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art in any form.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in: it is real how by the identification to overlying strata separation layer, maximum remaining absciss layer
Now to the prevention and treatment of remaining absciss layer water (gas) disaster.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs:
The present invention discloses the identification and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer, comprising the following steps:
S1: according to overlying strata lithology and combinations thereof feature, it is based on " combination beam " principle, determines the position of all absciss layers in overlying strata
It sets；
S2: disastrous absciss layer is identified；
S3: maximum absciss layer amount, the maximum remaining absciss layer amount of disastrous absciss layer are calculated；
S4: the position of maximum remaining absciss layer is determined；
S5: remaining absciss layer disaster is prevented and treated.
Preferably, in the step S1, overlying strata are made of m layers of rock stratum, and from bottom to top number consecutively is 1,2 ..., m, according to
" combination beam " principle derives the discriminate that absciss layer is generated between n-th layer rock stratum and (n+1)th layer of rock stratum are as follows:
In formula: the rock stratum number in a certain rock stratum combination of n-, wherein n < m；
EjElasticity modulus/the Mpa, j=1,2 ..., n of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum；
γjDensity/t.m of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum-3, j=1,2 ..., n；
MjThickness/the m, j=1,2 ..., n of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum.
Preferably, maximum caving zone height is obtained by rock mechanics numerical simulation in the step S2 and maximum water guide is split
Gap band height, height of the absciss layer away from roof is greater than maximum height of water flowing fractured zone, and (and abscission layer development is in bending band lower part, still
Do not linked up with water flowing fractured zone), then it is disastrous absciss layer, is not disastrous absciss layer otherwise.
Preferably, maximum remnants absciss layer amount (△ h in the step S3i0) it is maximum absciss layer amount (△ hi) 1/3.
Preferably, wherein
Maximum remnants absciss layer amount:
In formula: △ hi- maximum absciss layer amount；M-mining thickness/m；
The broken swollen coefficient of the synthesis of the following rock stratum of-ith critical；
HiHeight/m of-the ith critical away from coal seam；
liHalf length/m of-ith critical (clamped beam)；
qi- top rock stratum is applied to evenly load/Mpa of ith critical；
EiElasticity modulus/Mpa of-ith critical rock；
biWidth/m of-ith critical；
Hi0Thickness/m of-ith critical.
Preferably, restore its complete circle (attached drawing 6) according to " basin shape " absciss layer bottom curve, thus calculated using geometric method
Distance x of the maximum remnants absciss layer apart from goaf center are as follows:
In formula: L-working face tilt length/m；
HiDistance/m of-key leafing working face；
δ-mining effect range angle/° (it moves towards to grow with lithology, working face and the factors such as inclination width is related, from " building,
Water body, railway and main roadway coal column, which stay, to be set and mining pressed coal regulation " (Coal Industry Press, 2000) check in, P121-176.
Such as P190: three exploiting field δ=71 ° of Yanzhou Mining District Yangchuan village mine).
Preferably, the step S5 the following steps are included:
S51: behind the position for determining maximum remaining absciss layer, determining remnants absciss layer water or/and remaining absciss layer gas discharge orifice, and
To be drilled into maximum remaining absciss layer space as target area, the elevation angle, hole depth and the whole hole target position of drilling are designed；
S52: having constructed brill nest before working face mining in machine lane and air way, and successively compiles from open-off cut to end is incorporated as
Number；
S53: it before first weighting, constructs discharge orifice in first brill nest to maximum remaining absciss layer space；First weighting knot
Shu Hou, the period 1 come before pressing in second brill nest to maximum remaining absciss layer space construction discharge orifice, this time periodic weighting knot
Shu Hou, then second round come before pressing in third brill nest to maximum remaining absciss layer space construction discharge orifice, successively carry out, until
Working face is adopted to finish and is incorporated as.
Preferably, the brill nest step pitch in the step S52 is First Weighting Interval of Main and periodic weighting step pitch (for definite value, coal
It can be found in mine technical data archives).
The present invention has the advantage that the present invention by calculating, finds absciss layer all in overlying strata compared with prior art, with
It determines disastrous absciss layer, determines maximum remaining absciss layer amount, determine the position of remnants absciss layer, realize anti-to the disaster of remaining absciss layer
Work is controlled, the generation of secondary disaster is reduced, ensures safety.
And calculating parameter can be found in coal mine technical data archives, without increasing additional workload；
Convenience of calculation, field engineering technical staff slightly give training and can grasp.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of identification of remaining absciss layer of the embodiment of the present invention and the position of disastrous absciss layer in diaster prevention and control method show
It is intended to and (is followed successively by absciss layer from left to right to be in caving zone, in fissure zone, in bending band)；
In Fig. 1, I-caving zone, II-fissure zone, III-bending band；△h1Absciss layer in caving zone, △ h2In fissure zone
Absciss layer, △ hiBending is with inner absciss layer (that is: disastrous absciss layer), h0Protective layer thickness；
Fig. 2 is the position view of remaining absciss layer, wherein (a) is dip section figure in figure, (b) is perspective view；
In Fig. 2, HiHeight of the ith critical away from coal seam, △ hiMaximum absciss layer amount below ith critical；
Fig. 3 is remaining absciss layer identification step block diagram；
Fig. 4 is maximum absciss layer amount and maximum remaining absciss layer numerical quantity analog result
Fig. 5 is the maximum defluxion (z for utilizing " clamped beam " principle to calculate key stratumi) schematic diagram；
L in Fig. 5iHalf length/m of-ith critical (clamped beam)；qi- top rock stratum is applied to the uniformly distributed lotus of ith critical
Load/Mpa；L-working face tilt length/m；δ-mining effect range angle/°；Hi0Thickness/m of-ith critical；
Fig. 6 is to solve for the position view (amplifying absciss layer) of maximum remaining absciss layer amount；
Fig. 7 (a) is working face remnants absciss layer water (gas) discharge orifice design (dip section, i.e. Fig. 7 (b) in A-A ' section)；
Fig. 7 (b) working face remnants absciss layer water (gas) bores nest design and number (plan view).
Figure label: machine lane 1, air way 2.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment carries out under the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention
Implement, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
As shown in figure 3, in conjunction with shown in Fig. 1,2-6,7 (a), 7 (b), the present embodiment a kind of identification and disaster of remaining absciss layer
Control method, comprising the following steps:
S1: according to overlying strata lithology and combinations thereof feature, it is based on " combination beam " principle, determines the position of all absciss layers in overlying strata
It sets；Overlying strata are made of m layers of rock stratum, and from bottom to top number consecutively is 1,2 ..., and m is derived according to " combination beam " principle n-th
The discriminate of absciss layer is generated between layer rock stratum and (n+1)th layer of rock stratum are as follows:
In formula: the rock stratum number in a certain rock stratum combination of n-, wherein n < m (known)；
EjElasticity modulus/the Mpa, j=1,2 ..., n (known) of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum；
γjDensity/the t.m-3, j=1,2 ..., n (known) of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum；
MjThickness/m, j=1,2 ..., the n (known) of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum, are in table
The related physical and mechanical parameter in rock stratum and calculated result are listed according to 1 format of table.As it can be seen that one in the exemplary overlying strata
Occur absciss layer at 4 (i.e. 1#-4# absciss layer) altogether.
Example is identified the following table is seam mining overlying strata separation layer after certain mine:
S2: disastrous absciss layer is determined；According to empirical equation in rock mechanics numerical simulation or safety regulations in coal mine, calculate most
Big caving zone height (Hc) and maximum height of water flowing fractured zone (Hf), height of the absciss layer away from roof is greater than maximum water producing fractures
With height (and absciss layer is located at the lower part of bending band, not yet links up with water flowing fractured zone), otherwise it is not for disastrous absciss layer then
Disastrous absciss layer.
The case as shown in upper table, the inbreak of thick coal-layer mining, fissure zone height are obtained by rock layer mechanics numerical simulation
To Hc=37m, Hf=98.5m, it can be seen that the rock stratum of 1#~3# absciss layer is respectively less than 98.5m away from the height of roof, therefore
1#~3# absciss layer betides inbreak, in fissure zone, is temporary absciss layer, and anhydrous.The rock stratum of 4# absciss layer is away from roof
Height is 100.45m, is greater than 98.5m (Hf), therefore only in bending band of the 4# absciss layer more than water flowing fractured zone, as " calamity
Evil property absciss layer ", protective layer thickness h0=100.45-98.5=1.95m.
S3: maximum absciss layer amount, the maximum remaining absciss layer amount of disastrous absciss layer are calculated, in conjunction with Fig. 4, according to equivalent material simulating
Test and rock mechanics numerical simulation conclusion, maximum remnants absciss layer amount (△ hi0) generally maximum absciss layer amount (△ hi) 1/3:
In formula: M-mining thickness/m (known)；
The broken swollen coefficient (known) of the synthesis of the following rock stratum of-ith critical；
HiHeight/m (known) of-ith critical away from coal seam；
ziMaximum defluxion/m of-ith critical.
As shown in figure 5, can be derived based on " clamped beam " principle:
In formula: liHalf length/the m (known) of-ith critical (clamped beam)；
qi- top rock stratum is applied to evenly load/Mpa (known) of ith critical；
EiElasticity modulus/Mpa (known) of-ith critical rock；
biWidth/m (known) of-ith critical；
Hi0Thickness/m (known) of-ith critical.
Formula (4) are substituted into formula (3) and obtain maximum remaining absciss layer amount formula:
S4: the position of maximum remaining absciss layer is determined；It is maximum for horizontal or Flat rock strata (seam inclination is less than 15 °)
Absciss layer amount (△ hi) center in goaf should be betided.Absciss layer bottom is a circular arc, restores its complete circle (Fig. 6), from there through
Geometric method can find out maximum remaining absciss layer amount (△ hi0) specific location, i.e., maximum remaining absciss layer apart from goaf center away from
From x are as follows:
In formula: L-working face tilt length/m；
HiDistance/m of-key leafing working face；
δ-mining effect range angle/° (factors such as it is with lithology, working face designs are related, from " building, water body, railway
And main roadway coal column is stayed and is set and mining pressed coal regulation " (Coal Industry Press, 2000) check in, P121-176).Such as
P190: three exploiting field δ=71 ° of Yanzhou Mining District Yangchuan village mine).
S5: remaining absciss layer disaster is prevented and treated；
S51: behind the position for determining maximum remaining absciss layer, determining remnants absciss layer water (or/and remaining absciss layer gas) bleeder off hole,
And to be drilled into maximum remaining absciss layer space as target area, the elevation angle, hole depth and the whole hole target position of drilling are designed.Such as attached drawing 7 (a) institute
Show, after calculating x by formula (6), that is, can determine the location point B of the maximum remaining absciss layer in machine lane side and air way side it is maximum it is remaining from
The location point C of layer.The line L in machine lane (and air way) and B point (and C point)1(and L2) length, respectively machine lane (and air way) remnants
The hole depth of absciss layer water (gas) discharge orifice；B, C point is the target position of discharge orifice；L1(and L2) and horizontal sharp angle α1(and
α2) it is the discharge orifice elevation angle.
S52: having constructed brill nest before working face mining in machine lane and air way, bore nest step pitch referring to First Weighting Interval of Main and
Periodic weighting step pitch, and from open-off cut to being incorporated as end number consecutively J1, J2 ... ... (machine lane) and F1, F2 ... ... (air way)；
S53: it before first weighting, constructs discharge orifice in J1 (F1) to maximum remaining absciss layer space；After first weighting,
The period 1 come before pressing in J2 (F2) to maximum remaining absciss layer space construction discharge orifice, this time after periodic weighting, then
Second round press before in J3 (F3) to maximum remaining absciss layer space construction discharge orifice, successively carry out, until working face adopts complete receipts
Make.
Calculating parameter in the present embodiment can be found in coal mine technical data archives, be easy for those skilled in the art
The data or formula learnt about the specific calculating process of mechanics are this field skill without increasing additional workload, and wherein
Art personnel are easy to get by inspection information, and the convenience of calculation, field engineering technical staff slightly gives training and can grasp.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of identification and diaster prevention and control method of remnants absciss layer, which comprises the following steps:
S1: according to overlying strata lithology and combinations thereof feature, it is based on " combination beam " principle, determines the position of all absciss layers in overlying strata；
S2: disastrous absciss layer is identified；
S3: maximum absciss layer amount, the maximum remaining absciss layer amount of disastrous absciss layer are calculated；
S4: the position of maximum remaining absciss layer is determined；
S5: remaining absciss layer disaster is prevented and treated.
2. the identification and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
In S1, overlying strata are made of m layers of rock stratum, and from bottom to top number consecutively is 1,2 ..., m, according to " combination beam " principle, are derived the
The discriminate of absciss layer is generated between n-layer rock stratum and (n+1)th layer of rock stratum are as follows:
In formula: the rock stratum number in a certain rock stratum combination of n-, wherein n < m；
EjElasticity modulus/the Mpa, j=1,2 ..., n of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum；
γjDensity/t.m of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum-3, j=1,2 ..., n；
MjThickness/the m, j=1,2 ..., n of jth layer rock stratum in the combination of-rock stratum.
3. the identification and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Maximum caving zone height and maximum height of water flowing fractured zone are obtained by rock mechanics numerical simulation in S2, absciss layer is away from roof
Height be greater than maximum height of water flowing fractured zone, and abscission layer development is not yet linked up between bending band lower part, with water flowing fractured zone,
It is not otherwise then disastrous absciss layer for disastrous absciss layer.
4. the identification and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Maximum remnants absciss layer amount is the 1/3 of maximum absciss layer amount in S3.
5. the identification and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that wherein,
Maximum remnants absciss layer amount:
In formula: △ hi- maximum absciss layer amount；
M-mining thickness/m；
The broken swollen coefficient of the synthesis of the following rock stratum of-ith critical；
HiHeight/m of-the ith critical away from coal seam；
liHalf length/m of-ith critical (clamped beam)；
qi- top rock stratum is applied to evenly load/Mpa of ith critical；
EiElasticity modulus/Mpa of-ith critical rock；
biWidth/m of-ith critical；
Hi0Thickness/m of-ith critical.
6. the identification and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer according to claim 5, which is characterized in that maximum remaining
Absciss layer span is from the central distance x in goaf are as follows:
In formula: L-working face tilt length/m；
HiDistance/m of-key leafing working face；
δ-mining effect range angle/°.
7. the identification and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
S5 the following steps are included:
S51: behind the position for determining maximum remaining absciss layer, remnants absciss layer water or/and remaining absciss layer gas bleeder off hole are determined, and to bore
It is target area to maximum remaining absciss layer space, designs the elevation angle, hole depth and the whole hole target position of drilling；
S52: having constructed brill nest before working face mining in machine lane and air way, and from open-off cut to being incorporated as end number consecutively；
S53: it before first weighting, constructs discharge orifice in first brill nest to maximum remaining absciss layer space；After first weighting,
The period 1 come before pressing in second brill nest to maximum remaining absciss layer space construction discharge orifice, this time after periodic weighting,
Again second round come before pressing in third brill nest to maximum remaining absciss layer space construction discharge orifice, successively carry out, until work
It adopts to finish and be incorporated as in face.
8. the identification and diaster prevention and control method of a kind of remaining absciss layer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the step
Brill nest step pitch in S52 is working face mining First Weighting Interval of Main and periodic weighting step pitch.
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