CN109931890B - Method for detecting concentricity of pressure vessel shell - Google Patents

Method for detecting concentricity of pressure vessel shell Download PDF

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CN109931890B
CN109931890B CN201910297400.6A CN201910297400A CN109931890B CN 109931890 B CN109931890 B CN 109931890B CN 201910297400 A CN201910297400 A CN 201910297400A CN 109931890 B CN109931890 B CN 109931890B
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concentricity
infrared distance
distance meter
points
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CN109931890A (en
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段晓健
陈学纲
陈诚
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Shanxi Yangmei Chemical Industry Machinery Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pressure vessel manufacturing, relates to measurement of concentricity of a pressure vessel shell, and particularly relates to a method for detecting concentricity of the pressure vessel shell. The method for detecting the concentricity of the pressure container shell is easy to operate, the infrared distance measurement technology is utilized to carry out reference positioning and measurement of data related to the concentricity, the concentricity of a pressure container product is accurately calculated through a formula, the detection result is high in precision, and the method is worthy of popularization.

Description

Method for detecting concentricity of pressure vessel shell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pressure vessel manufacturing, relates to measurement of concentricity of a pressure vessel shell, and particularly relates to a method for detecting the concentricity of the pressure vessel shell.
Background
In the process of manufacturing the pressure vessel, the concentricity of a shell of the pressure vessel is one of key data, and the shell of the pressure vessel comprises a shell pass cylinder, end sockets arranged at two ends of the shell pass cylinder, and a first port and a second port which are respectively arranged at the tops of the end sockets at the two ends; the concentricity of the pressure vessel shell is the concentricity between the first port and the second port of the pressure vessel shell, namely the offset distance between the axis of the first port and the axis of the second port. In actual operation, the volume of the pressure container is large, so that the detection of the concentricity of the shell of the pressure container is always a difficult point in the manufacture of the pressure container, firstly, the concentricity is difficult to detect, and secondly, the error of the concentricity detection data is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the concentricity of a pressure container is difficult to detect or the error of detection data is large in the background technology, and provides a method for detecting the concentricity of a shell of the pressure container.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: a method for detecting concentricity of a pressure vessel shell, comprising the steps of:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
selecting a surface vertical to the axis of the first port in the first port of the pressure container shell as a reference surface, and selecting the outer end surface of the second port of the pressure container shell as a surface to be measured;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
placing a fixed baffle in the first port, and arranging the fixed baffle in the central range of the reference surface;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
placing a first infrared distance meter on the inner wall of the first port, and measuring the horizontal distance from the first infrared distance meter to the outer end face of the first port;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
placing a second infrared distance meter and a third infrared distance meter on the inner wall of the first port, and enabling the horizontal distance between the second infrared distance meter and the third infrared distance meter and the outer end face of the first port to be respectively equal to the horizontal distance between the first infrared distance meter and the outer end face of the first port;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
starting the first infrared distance measuring instrument, the second infrared distance measuring instrument and the third infrared distance measuring instrument to converge the three infrared lasers on the fixed baffle, keeping the distance measuring readings of the first infrared distance measuring instrument, the second infrared distance measuring instrument and the third infrared distance measuring instrument consistent, and at the moment, the convergence point of the infrared lasers is the central point position of the reference surface;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
convergence point of three infrared lasers on fixed baffleInstalling a laser range finder, selecting two points with the same diameter of a second port at the junction of the second port and the surface to be measured as a first group of measuring points, wherein the two points are positioned on the second port and the surface to be measured, and measuring the distance between the two points and marking as a; the two points are respectively and sequentially provided with a movable baffle, the distances from the central point of the reference surface to the two points are measured by a laser range finder and are respectively b and c, then three sides with the distances of a, b and c form a triangle, and the corresponding angles of the three sides of a, b and c are respectively A, B, C;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
calculating by a, b and c and using cosine theorem to obtain cosB and cosC;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
calculating concentricity, concentricity = drained | b × cosC-c × cosB |;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
selecting another two points which are different from the first group of measuring points and have the same diameter as the second port as a second group of measuring points at the junction of the second port and the surface to be measured, and repeating the steps
Figure 976788DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
~
Figure 221824DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
(ii) a And calculating the concentricity at least twice, and comparing all the measured concentricity, wherein the concentricity with the maximum result is the concentricity of the pressure vessel shell.
If the concentricity is 0, the reference surface and the surface to be measured are coaxial; when the concentricity is not 0, the deviation of the axes of the reference surface and the surface to be measured is shown, the maximum concentricity is selected as the final concentricity result of the pressure vessel shell, and more accurate concentricity reference data is provided in the subsequent concentricity adjustment operation of the pressure vessel shell.
Preferably, first infrared distance meter, second infrared distance meter and third infrared distance meter all include infrared distance meter body and take the rotatable base of degree, and the installation of infrared distance meter body is on the rotatable base of taking the degree, the bottom of rotatable base is provided with the magnetic sheet that is used for adsorbing the pressure vessel casing. The rotatable base with the degrees can observe the rotation angle visually, and the first infrared distance meter, the second infrared distance meter and the third infrared distance meter are fixed on the pressure vessel shell through the magnetic sheets, so that fine adjustment and disassembly are very convenient.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for detecting the concentricity of the pressure container shell is easy to operate, the infrared distance measurement technology is utilized to carry out reference positioning and measurement of data related to the concentricity, the concentricity of a pressure container product is accurately calculated through a formula, the detection result is high in precision, and the method is worthy of popularization.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the method for detecting concentricity of a pressure vessel shell according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a reference plane; 2-surface to be measured; 3-fixing a baffle plate; 4-a first infrared rangefinder; 5-a second infrared distance meter; 6-a third infrared distance meter; 7-laser rangefinder; 8-moving the baffle; 9-adjustable support.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when in use, and are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for detecting concentricity of a pressure vessel shell according to the present invention will now be described.
A method for detecting concentricity of a pressure vessel shell, comprising the steps of:
Figure 532720DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
selecting a surface vertical to the axis of a first port in the first port of the pressure container shell as a reference surface 1, and selecting an outer end surface of a second port of the pressure container shell as a surface to be measured 2; the concentricity is the offset distance between the axes of a reference surface 1 and a surface to be measured 2, the axis of the reference surface 1 and the axis of a first port are positioned on the same line, and the axis of the surface to be measured 2 is the axis of a second port;
Figure 740978DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
placing a fixed baffle 3 in the first port, and arranging the fixed baffle 3 at the central range of the reference surface 1;
Figure 86509DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
placing a first infrared distance meter 4 on the inner wall of the first port, and measuring the horizontal distance from the first infrared distance meter 4 to the outer end face of the first port;
Figure 722021DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
placing a second infrared distance meter 5 and a third infrared distance meter 6 on the inner wall of the first port, and making the second infrared distance meter 5 and the third infrared distance meter 6The horizontal distance from the third infrared distance meter 6 to the outer end face of the first port is equal to the horizontal distance from the first infrared distance meter 4 to the outer end face of the first port;
Figure 254633DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
starting the first, second and third infrared distance meters 4, 5 and 6 to converge the three infrared lasers on the fixed baffle 3, and keeping the distance measurement readings of the first, second and third infrared distance meters 4, 5 and 6 consistent (the distance measurement readings are the lengths of the infrared lasers of the first, second and third infrared distance meters 4, 5 and 6), wherein the convergence point of the infrared lasers is the position of the central point of the reference surface 1;
Figure 781430DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
installing a laser range finder 7 at the convergence point of three infrared lasers on the fixed baffle 3, and then selecting two points with the same diameter as the second port at the junction of the second port and the surface to be measured 2 as a first group of measuring points, (during specific operation, the junction of the second port and the surface to be measured 2 is a circle, and one point is selected on the second port first, and the other point on the second port, which is farthest from the point, is two points on the same diameter as the point on the second port, or drawing a straight line in the circle at the junction of the second port and the surface to be measured 2 randomly, and the perpendicular bisector of a line segment formed by the intersection of the straight line and the circle is a line passing through the diameter of the circle, so that two points with the same diameter as the second port are found) and measuring the distance between the two points on the second port and the surface to be measured 2 and is marked as a; the two points are respectively and sequentially provided with a movable baffle 8, the distances from the central point of the reference surface 1 to the two points are measured by the laser range finder 7 to be b and c respectively, a triangle is formed by three sides with the distances of a, b and c respectively, and the corresponding angles of the three sides of a, b and c are A, B, C respectively;
Figure 463690DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
c is calculated by a, b and c and using the cosine theoremosB、cosC；
Figure 784950DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Calculating concentricity, concentricity = drained | b × cosC-c × cosB |;
Figure 804859DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
selecting another two points which are different from the first group of measuring points and have the same diameter as the second port as a second group of measuring points at the junction of the second port and the surface to be measured 2, and repeating the steps
Figure 823762DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
~
Figure 675043DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
(ii) a And calculating the concentricity at least twice, and comparing all the measured concentricity, wherein the concentricity with the maximum result is the concentricity of the pressure vessel shell.
Further, as a specific embodiment of the method for detecting the concentricity of the pressure vessel shell, the first infrared distance meter 4, the second infrared distance meter 5 and the third infrared distance meter 6 each comprise an infrared distance meter body and a rotatable base with degrees, the infrared distance meter body is mounted on the rotatable base with degrees, and the bottom of the rotatable base is provided with a magnetic sheet for adsorbing the pressure vessel shell. The rotatable base of degree of belt can audio-visual observation angle of rotation, fixes first infrared distance meter 4, second infrared distance meter 5 and third infrared distance meter 6 in the pressure vessel casing through the magnetic sheet moreover, and fine setting and dismantlement are all very convenient.
Further, as an embodiment of the method for detecting the concentricity of the pressure vessel shell according to the present invention, the fixed baffle 3 is supported at the first port by an adjustable bracket 9. The position of the fixed baffle 3 is conveniently adjusted by the adjustable bracket 9 so as to adapt to the first ports of the pressure vessel shells with different sizes.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for detecting concentricity of a pressure vessel shell, comprising the steps of:
Figure 533549DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
selecting a surface vertical to the axis of a first port in the first port of the pressure container shell as a reference surface (1), and selecting an outer end surface of a second port of the pressure container shell as a surface to be measured (2);
Figure 670132DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
placing a fixed baffle (3) in the first port, and arranging the fixed baffle (3) at the central range of the reference surface (1);
Figure 276694DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
placing a first infrared distance meter (4) on the inner wall of the first port, and measuring the horizontal distance from the first infrared distance meter (4) to the outer end face of the first port;
Figure 207741DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
placing a second infrared distance meter (5) and a third infrared distance meter (6) on the inner wall of the first port, and enabling the horizontal distance between the second infrared distance meter (5) and the third infrared distance meter (6) and the outer end face of the first port to be respectively equal to the horizontal distance between the first infrared distance meter (4) and the outer end face of the first port;
Figure 165333DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
turning on the first, second and third redThe outer distance measuring instruments (4, 5 and 6) converge the three infrared lasers to the fixed baffle (3), and keep distance measuring readings of the first infrared distance measuring instrument, the second infrared distance measuring instrument and the third infrared distance measuring instrument (4, 5 and 6) consistent, and at the moment, the convergence point of the infrared lasers is the position of the central point of the reference surface (1);
Figure 840028DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
a laser range finder (7) is arranged at the convergence point of three infrared lasers on the fixed baffle (3), then two points with the same diameter of a second port are selected as a first group of measuring points at the junction of the second port and the surface to be measured (2), the two points are arranged on the second port and the surface to be measured (2), and the distance between the two points is measured and marked as a; the two points are respectively and sequentially provided with a movable baffle (8), the distances from the central point of the reference surface (1) to the two points are measured by a laser range finder (7) to be b and c respectively, a triangle is formed by three sides with the distances of a, b and c respectively, and the corresponding angles of the three sides of a, b and c are A, B, C respectively;
Figure 973200DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
calculating by a, b and c and using cosine theorem to obtain cosB and cosC;
Figure 340727DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
calculating concentricity, concentricity = drained | b × cosC-c × cosB |;
Figure 254457DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
selecting another two points which are different from the first group of measuring points and have the same diameter as the second port as a second group of measuring points at the junction of the second port and the surface to be measured (2), and repeating the steps
Figure 670526DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
~
Figure 986100DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
(ii) a And calculating the concentricity at least twice, and comparing all the measured concentricity, wherein the concentricity with the maximum result is the concentricity of the pressure vessel shell.
2. The method for detecting the concentricity of a pressure vessel shell according to claim 1, wherein the first infrared distance meter (4), the second infrared distance meter (5) and the third infrared distance meter (6) each comprise an infrared distance meter body and a rotatable base with degrees, the infrared distance meter body is mounted on the rotatable base with degrees, and the bottom of the rotatable base is provided with a magnetic sheet for adsorbing the pressure vessel shell.
3. A method for detecting pressure vessel shell concentricity according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed stop (3) is supported to the first port by an adjustable bracket (9).
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CN111397538B (en) * 2020-03-04 2021-06-22 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 Cone detection and machining positioning method
CN115847071A (en) * 2022-12-22 2023-03-28 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 Concentricity adjusting device for upper flange and lower flange of pressure vessel equipment

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