CN109929087B - Polyurethane rigid foam and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polyurethane rigid foam and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a rigid polyurethane foam obtained by reacting an isocyanate composition comprising an a isocyanate component and a B isocyanate-reactive component, wherein the B isocyanate-reactive component comprises at least one polyether polyol B1 homopolymerised by ethylene oxide and at least one polyether polyol B2 homopolymerised by propylene oxide. The polyurethane rigid foam has high mechanical property, and can be applied to structural materials and functional materials. The invention also provides a preparation method of the foam, and the method is simple and easy to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polyurethane rigid foam and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Rigid polyurethane foams obtained by foam molding a mixture containing an isocyanate compound, a polyol, a blowing agent, a catalyst and the like are widely used as materials having excellent moldability. The polyurethane rigid foam has the characteristics of good mechanical property, good thermal insulation property and the like, so that the polyurethane rigid foam can be used as a functional material and a structural material, and can be used in the fields of refrigerators, freezers, refrigeration houses, pipelines, buildings, protection, automobiles, aircrafts and the like. Processes for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams are also known, such as casting, spraying, injection, etc.
At present, components playing a functional role in a polyurethane rigid foam formula are the key research objects of researchers, for example, patent CN201610533931.7 discloses a fluorine-free flame retardant polyurethane rigid foam composition for heat preservation of a solar water heater, which adopts halogenated polyether polyol or halogen-free phosphorus-containing polyol and the like, so that the flame retardant property of the material is improved; for another example, patent CN201610941336.7 discloses a structural flame-retardant rosin-based polyol for rigid polyurethane foam, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the flame-retardant rosin-based polyol is adopted to improve the flame-retardant property of the material; for another example, patent CN200510094781.6 discloses a formulation for producing rigid polyurethane foam by using a third generation blowing agent, which researches an environment-friendly rigid polyurethane foam blowing agent to reduce environmental pollution. Although the above prior art has further studied on the functionality of the rigid polyurethane foam, it has not studied further on the comprehensive properties, especially the mechanical properties of the rigid polyurethane foam.
Patent CN201480057496.4 discloses improved rigid polyurethane and rigid polyisocyanurate foams based on fatty acid modified polyether polyols, which are prepared by using a fatty acid modified polyether polyol to prepare a well cured, low brittleness closed cell rigid polyurethane foam, however, when the rigid foam is used in the filling layer of a sandwich element, the mechanical properties of the rigid foam are not high and cannot be compared with the traditional materials such as aluminum alloy, injection molding plastic and the like.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to provide a polyurethane rigid foam having excellent mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the polyurethane rigid foam with excellent mechanical property.
The technical scheme of the polyurethane rigid foam is as follows.
A rigid polyurethane foam obtained by reacting an isocyanate composition comprising an A isocyanate component and a B isocyanate-reactive component, and having an isocyanate index of 0.95 to 1.15, preferably 1 to 1.1.
The isocyanate index refers to the number of moles of NCO groups in the a organic isocyanate component and the number of moles of reactive hydrogen atoms in the B isocyanate-reactive component.
The B isocyanate-reactive component comprises at least one polyether polyol B1 homopolymerized with ethylene oxide and at least one polyether polyol B2 homopolymerized with propylene oxide.
The a isocyanate component may employ isocyanate-based compounds commonly used in the art, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polyphenylmethane Polyisocyanate (PMDI), 1, 5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, 4' -dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethyldimethylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), and the like, and polymers, prepolymers, and the like of such isocyanate monomers. The above isocyanate-based compounds may be used alone or in combination.
Preferably, the A isocyanate component is organic isocyanate A1 and/or organic isocyanate prepolymer A2, the NCO content is 25-35 wt%, the functionality is 2-3.5, preferably 2.1-2.9, and the viscosity at 25 ℃ is 5-700 mPa & s, preferably 10-500 mPa & s. The viscosity according to the invention is determined at 25 ℃ in accordance with DIN 53019-1-3.
The organic isocyanate A1 can be any isocyanate commonly used in the art, and the obtaining route can be obtained by commercial purchase or can be prepared by a method commonly used in the art. Examples that may be employed include, but are not limited to, Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polyphenylmethane Polyisocyanate (PMDI), 1, 5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, 4' -dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethyldimethylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), and the like, and polymers of such isocyanates. The above isocyanates may be used alone or in combination.
The organic isocyanate prepolymer A2 is a reaction product of isocyanate compounds and polyols, wherein the isocyanate compounds account for 90-99.9%, preferably 95-99.8% of the total mass of the organic isocyanate prepolymer A2, and the polyols account for 0.1-10%, preferably 0.2-5% of the total mass of the organic isocyanate prepolymer A2. The organic isocyanate prepolymer A2 can be obtained by commercial purchase or preparation by methods commonly used in the art.
The isocyanate-based compound used for preparing the organic isocyanate prepolymer a2 may be selected from any isocyanate commonly used in the art, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polyphenylmethane Polyisocyanate (PMDI), 1, 5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, 4' -dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethyldimethylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), and the like, and polymers of such isocyanates. The above isocyanates may be used alone or in combination.
The polyol used for preparing the organic isocyanate prepolymer A2 can be selected from any polyol commonly used in the field, and particularly, the polyol is selected from polyols with the functionality of 2-4 and the molecular weight of 400-10000. Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol ethers, polypropylene glycol ethers, polypentaerythritol ethers, polytetrahydrofuran ether glycols, etc., and such polyols may be used alone or in combination.
The B isocyanate reactive component comprises polyether polyol B1, polyether polyol B2, a catalyst, a foaming agent and a surfactant.
The polyether polyol B1 has a functionality of 2-6, preferably 2-3, and a hydroxyl value of 300-800 mgKOH/g, preferably 400-700 mgKOH/g.
The functionality of the polyether polyol B2 is 2-8, preferably 2.5-5, more preferably 3-4, and the hydroxyl value is 30-650 mgKOH/g, preferably 50-550 mgKOH/g.
The initiator of the polyether polyol B1 may be selected from initiators commonly used in the art, such as amine-based initiators and/or alcohol-based initiators, examples of which include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, bisphenol a, bisphenol S, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, tolylenediamine, and the like, and such initiators may be used alone or in combination. In particular, the starter of the polyether polyol B1 is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and toluylenediamine, preferably one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and sucrose.
The initiator of the polyether polyol B2 may be selected from initiators commonly used in the art, such as amine-based initiators and/or alcohol-based initiators, examples of which include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, bisphenol a, bisphenol S, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, tolylenediamine, and the like, and such initiators may be used alone or in combination. In particular, the starter of the polyether polyol B2 is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and toluenediamine, preferably one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and toluenediamine.
Particularly, the B isocyanate reactive component also comprises polyether polyol B3, the polyether polyol B3 is obtained by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, the functionality is 2-8, preferably 2-4, and the hydroxyl value is 300-900 mgKOH/g, preferably 400-700 mgKOH/g.
In the polyether polyol B3, the content of ethylene oxide is 1-99%, preferably 20-80%, based on the total mass of the ethylene oxide and the propylene oxide. It should be noted that the ethylene oxide and the propylene oxide used for metering are the ethylene oxide and the propylene oxide used for synthesizing the polyether polyol B3.
The initiator of the polyether polyol B3 may be selected from those commonly used in the art, for example, those containing amine-based initiators and/or alcohol-based initiators, examples of which include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, bisphenol a, bisphenol S, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, tolylenediamine, etc., and such initiators may be used alone or in combination. In particular, the starter of the polyether polyol B3 is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and toluylenediamine, preferably one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and sucrose.
In a preferred embodiment, the B isocyanate-reactive component comprises polyether polyol B3, the polyether polyol B3 is not optional but is required.
The B isocyanate-reactive component further comprises an optional polyester polyol, which refers to a reactant of a carboxylic acid and a polyol, or a reactant of an anhydride and a polyol, or a reactant of a lactone. The carboxylic acid is usually a dicarboxylic acid, preferably an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and/or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, examples of which include, but are not limited to, succinic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecylcarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and the like, and such carboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination. Examples of the acid anhydride include, but are not limited to, phthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and the like, and such acid anhydrides may be used alone or in combination. Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 3-methylpropanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 10-decanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, etc., and such polyhydric alcohols may be used alone or in combination. Examples of such lactones include, but are not limited to, epsilon-caprolactone.
The B isocyanate-reactive component also comprises optional polyether carbonate polyols, natural product polyols, and the like. The polyether carbonate polyol may employ polyether carbonate polyols commonly used in the art; the natural product polyol may be a natural product polyol commonly used in the art, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, castor oil and derivatives thereof, vegetable oil polyols, rosin ester polyols, and the like.
The catalyst may employ a catalyst commonly used in the art, for example, an amine-based catalyst, an organic metal-based catalyst, etc., and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, triethylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N' -tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N-methylaniline, N-dimethylaniline, tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octanoate, tin ethylhexanoate, tin laurate, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin maleate, dioctyltin diacetate, etc., and such catalysts may be used alone or in combination.
The blowing agent may be a physical blowing agent and/or a chemical blowing agent commonly used in the art. In particular, the B3 blowing agent is water, chlorodifluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, butane, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, air, CO2And N2Preferably water.
The surfactant may be a foam stabilizer commonly used in the art, for example, a polysiloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymer or the like as a main structure, and such foam stabilizers may be used alone or in combination.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the average hydroxyl value of the B isocyanate-reactive component is from 300 to 900mgKOH/g, preferably from 500 to 800 mgKOH/g.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the B isocyanate-reactive component comprises:
polyether polyol B1, accounting for 44-89% of the total mass of the isocyanate reactive component B, preferably 49-79%,
polyether polyol B2, accounting for 5-50%, preferably 8-40% of the total mass of the isocyanate reactive component B,
polyether polyol B3, accounting for 0-50%, preferably 8-40% of the total mass of the isocyanate reactive component B,
a catalyst accounting for 0.1-2%, preferably 0.3-1% of the total mass of the isocyanate reactive component B,
a foaming agent accounting for 0.1-2%, preferably 0.3-1.5% of the total mass of the isocyanate reactive component B,
and the surfactant accounts for 0.1-1%, preferably 0.2-0.5% of the total mass of the isocyanate reactive component B.
It should be noted that in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the B isocyanate-reactive component does not contain a modified polyether polyol, which is a product obtained by reacting a compound having a reactive group with a polyether polyol, or a product obtained by directly adding a compound having a reactive group at the stage of preparing a polyether polyol. The compound having a reactive group means a compound having a reactive activity other than an initiator (an amine compound, an alcohol compound, etc.) which plays a role of initiation, for example, a compound having a carboxyl group, a compound having an ester group, and a derivative of such a compound.
It is specifically noted that in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the B isocyanate-reactive component does not contain a fatty acid modified polyether polyol. The fatty acid-modified polyether polyol refers to a fatty acid-modified polyether polyol or a fatty acid derivative-modified polyether polyol. The fatty acid derivative refers to fatty acid ester or vegetable oil.
A crosslinking agent may also be added to the isocyanate composition. The crosslinking agent may be one commonly used in the art, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, sorbitol, etc., and such crosslinking agents may be used alone or in combination.
Chain extenders may also be added to the isocyanate composition. The chain extender may be one commonly used in the art, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butanediol, cyclohexanediol, hydrogenated bisphenol a, and the like, and such chain extenders may be used alone or in combination.
Fillers may also be added to the isocyanate composition.
The filler may be an organic filler or an inorganic filler commonly used in the art, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, silica-based minerals, metal salts, metal oxides, metal fibers, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, and the like, more specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, melamine, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, talc, glass fibers, carbon nanotubes, plant fibers, and the like, and the fillers may be used alone or in combination.
In one example in which the filler is preferably included, the proportion of the filler is 1 to 80%, preferably 5 to 70%, more preferably 10 to 60%, still more preferably 20 to 55% of the total mass of the isocyanate composition. In the present invention, the proportion of the filler is calculated with respect to the total mass of the isocyanate composition, and the total mass of the isocyanate composition does not include the mass of the filler in the calculation.
The isocyanate composition provided by the invention has excellent binding property with the filler and good wetting property, so that the proportion of the filler can reach a higher level, and the prepared polyurethane rigid foam has no defects, thereby further improving the mechanical property of the material and reducing the weight of the material.
Other additives commonly used in the art, such as flame retardants, coupling agents, smoke suppressants, dyes, pigments, antistatic agents, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, diluents, surface wetting agents, leveling agents, catalysts, thixotropic agents, plasticizers, and the like, may also be added to the isocyanate composition.
The preparation method of the polyurethane rigid foam comprises the steps of uniformly mixing all the raw materials for foaming reaction, and obtaining the foam after the reaction is finished.
The preparation process of the rigid polyurethane foam of the present invention is well known in the art, and for example, reference may be made to contents of chapter seven and chapter eight of polyurethane foam (third edition), published in 1 month of 2005 (authored by zhui shi, liu yi army, etc.), or to other existing documents.
A method for preparing the rigid polyurethane foam of the present invention is exemplified:
(1) adopting a high-pressure casting machine produced by Krauss-Maffei, controlling the equipment pressure to be (150 +/-20) bar, the mould temperature to be (50 +/-3) DEG C and the mould pressure to be (200 +/-10) kN;
respectively controlling the temperature of the isocyanate component A and the temperature of the isocyanate reactive component B to be (25 +/-1) DEG C;
(2) adding the raw materials into equipment, opening the mould for pouring, wherein the pouring amount is 200g/s, closing the mould, keeping the pressure for 5min, and then opening the mould to obtain the polyurethane rigid foam product.
Another example of the preparation method of the rigid polyurethane foam of the invention is as follows:
(1) adopting a high-pressure casting machine produced by Krauss-Maffei, controlling the equipment pressure to be (150 +/-20) bar, the mould temperature to be (50 +/-3) DEG C and the mould pressure to be (200 +/-10) kN;
controlling the temperature of the isocyanate component A to be (25 +/-1) DEG C, uniformly mixing the calcium carbonate and the isocyanate reactive component B, and controlling the temperature to be (25 +/-1) DEG C;
(2) adding the raw materials into equipment, opening the mould for pouring, wherein the pouring amount is 200g/s, closing the mould, keeping the pressure for 5min, and then opening the mould to obtain the polyurethane rigid foam product.
Another example of the preparation method of the rigid polyurethane foam of the invention is as follows:
(1) adopting a high-pressure casting machine produced by Krauss-Maffei, controlling the equipment pressure to be (150 +/-20) bar, the mould temperature to be (50 +/-3) DEG C and the mould pressure to be (200 +/-10) kN;
controlling the temperature of the isocyanate component A to be (25 +/-1) DEG C, and uniformly mixing the chopped glass fiber and the isocyanate reactive component B, wherein the temperature is controlled to be (25 +/-1) DEG C;
(2) adding the raw materials into equipment, opening the mould for pouring, wherein the pouring amount is 200g/s, closing the mould, keeping the pressure for 5min, and then opening the mould to obtain the polyurethane rigid foam product.
With respect to the specific components involved in the polyurethane composition of the present invention, such as polyols, auxiliaries, fillers and the like, they may be used alone or in combination, except as specifically mentioned.
The "hydroxyl value" appearing in the present invention means an average hydroxyl value of the component unless otherwise specified.
Detailed Description
Some examples are listed below to provide the public with a better understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention.
The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows.
A isocyanate component:
WANNATEPM-200, NCO content 31.4 wt%, viscosity 200 mPa.s at 25 deg.C, and Wanhua chemical production;
WANNATE 80691, NCO content 29 wt.%, viscosity 400 mPas at 25 ℃, WANNATE chemical production.
B isocyanate-reactive component:
polyether B1-1, initiated with diethylene glycol, homopolymerized ethylene oxide, having a hydroxyl value of 400 mgKOH/g;
polyether B1-2, trimethylolpropane initiation, ethylene oxide homopolymerization, hydroxyl value of 700 mgKOH/g;
polyether B1-3, glycerin initiation, ethylene oxide homopolymerization, hydroxyl value 500 mgKOH/g;
polyether B2-1, trimethylolpropane started, propylene oxide homopolymerization, hydroxyl value 50 mgKOH/g;
polyether B2-2, initiated with toluenediamine, homopolymerized propylene oxide, having a hydroxyl value of 550 mgKOH/g;
polyether B2-3, glycerin-initiated, propylene oxide homopolymerization, hydroxyl value 300 mgKOH/g;
polyether B3-1, initiated with diethylene glycol, ethylene oxide copolymerized with propylene oxide, ethylene oxide content 80%, hydroxyl value 400 mgKOH/g;
polyether B3-2, initiated with toluenediamine, ethylene oxide copolymerized with propylene oxide, ethylene oxide content 20%, hydroxyl value 700 mgKOH/g;
catalyst, DC1027, manufactured by gas chemical company;
surfactant, B8870, produced by Woods Corp;
fillers, calcium carbonate, chopped glass fibers;
a blowing agent, water.
Method for preparing the samples of example 1 and comparative example 1:
(1) adopting Krauss-Maffei high-pressure casting machine equipment, controlling the equipment pressure to be 150bar, the mould temperature to be 50 ℃, and the mould pressure to be 200 kN;
respectively controlling the temperature of the isocyanate component A and the temperature of the isocyanate reactive component B to be 25 ℃;
(2) adding the raw materials into equipment, opening the mould for pouring, wherein the pouring amount is 200g/s, closing the mould, keeping the pressure for 5min, and then opening the mould to obtain the polyurethane rigid foam product.
Preparation methods of samples of example 2, example 3, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3:
(1) adopting a high-pressure casting machine produced by Krauss-Maffei, controlling the equipment pressure to be 150bar, the mould temperature to be 50 ℃ and the mould pressure to be 200 kN;
controlling the temperature of the isocyanate component A to be 25 ℃, and uniformly mixing the filler and the isocyanate reactive component B, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃;
(2) adding the raw materials into equipment, opening the mould for pouring, wherein the pouring amount is 200g/s, closing the mould, keeping the pressure for 5min, and then opening the mould to obtain the polyurethane rigid foam product.
The weight parts of the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 (parts by weight)
| Categories | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| PM200 | 173 | 135 | 182 | 105 | ||
| WANNATE 80691 | 129 | 145 | ||||
| Polyether B1-1 | 79 | |||||
| Polyether B1-2 | 49 | |||||
| Polyether B1-3 | 59 | 43 | ||||
| Polyether B2-1 | 8 | |||||
| Polyether B2-2 | 40 | |||||
| Polyether B2-3 | 11 | 4 | ||||
| Polyether B3-1 | 8 | 55 | 99 | |||
| Polyether B3-2 | 40 | 93 | ||||
| DC1027 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Water (W) | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.3 |
| B8870 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Chopped glass fiber | 45 | 49 | ||||
| Calcium carbonate | 129 | 112 |
The samples of the examples and comparative examples were tested using the following test standards and methods: density test standard: ISO 845;
bending property test standard: ISO 14125;
impact performance test standard: ISO 179;
tensile property test standard: ISO 1926.
The test results of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Categories | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Density (kg/m)3) | 900 | 1200 | 1200 | 900 | 1200 | 1200 |
| Flexural modulus (MPa) | 3196 | 7007 | 6260 | 2368 | 5732 | 4522 |
| Flexural Strength (MPa) | 80 | 157 | 142 | 58 | 129 | 118 |
| Impact Strength (KJ/m)2) | 29 | 61 | 51 | 22 | 53 | 45 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 48 | 89 | 76 | 36 | 74 | 59 |
| Elongation at Break (%) | 2.5 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 2.4 | 4.5 | 3.8 |
| Glass transition temperature (. degree. C.) | 190 | 151 | 156 | 140 | 135 | 126 |
Claims (18)
1. A rigid polyurethane foam, wherein the foam is obtained by reacting an isocyanate composition, wherein the isocyanate composition comprises an A isocyanate component and a B isocyanate-reactive component, and the isocyanate index is 0.95-1.15;
the B isocyanate reactive component comprises at least one polyether polyol B1 homopolymerized by ethylene oxide and at least one polyether polyol B2 homopolymerized by propylene oxide, comprises polyether polyol B1, polyether polyol B2, polyether polyol B3, a catalyst, a foaming agent and a surfactant, and is calculated by taking the total mass of the B isocyanate reactive component as a reference,
the functionality of the polyether polyol B1 is 2-3, the hydroxyl value is 400-800 mgKOH/g, and the initiator of the polyether polyol B1 is one or more selected from ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and sucrose;
the polyether polyol B2 has a functionality of 2-8 and a hydroxyl value of 30-650 mgKOH/g.
2. The foam of claim 1, wherein the A isocyanate component is an organic isocyanate A1 and/or an organic isocyanate prepolymer A2, has an NCO content of 25 to 35 wt.%, a functionality of 2 to 3.5, and a viscosity of 5 to 700mPa · s at 25 ℃.
3. The foam of claim 2, wherein the A isocyanate component is an organic isocyanate A1 and/or an organic isocyanate prepolymer A2, has an NCO content of 25 to 35 wt.%, a functionality of 2.1 to 2.9, and a viscosity of 10 to 500 mPa-s at 25 ℃.
4. The foam according to claim 1, wherein the polyether polyol B1 has a hydroxyl value of 400 to 700 mgKOH/;
the polyether polyol B2 has a functionality of 2.5-5 and a hydroxyl value of 50-550 mgKOH/g.
5. The foam according to claim 4, wherein the polyether polyol B2 has a functionality of 3 to 4 and a hydroxyl number of 50 to 550 mgKOH/g.
6. Foam according to claim 1, wherein the starter of the polyether polyol B2 is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and toluenediamine.
7. The foam of claim 6, wherein the initiator of polyether polyol B2 is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and toluenediamine.
8. The foam according to claim 1, wherein the polyether polyol B3 is obtained by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and has a functionality of 2-8 and a hydroxyl value of 300-900 mgKOH/g.
9. The foam of claim 8, wherein the polyether polyol B3 has a functionality of 2 to 4 and a hydroxyl number of 400 to 700 mgKOH/g.
10. The foam according to claim 8, wherein the polyether polyol B3 has an ethylene oxide content of 1-99% based on the total mass of the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide;
the initiator of the polyether polyol B3 is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and toluenediamine.
11. The foam according to claim 10, wherein the polyether polyol B3 has an ethylene oxide content of 20 to 80% based on the total mass of the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide;
the initiator of the polyether polyol B3 is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and sucrose.
12. The foam of any of claims 1-11, wherein the B isocyanate-reactive component comprises: based on the total mass of the isocyanate reactive component B,
13. the foam of claim 12, wherein a filler is further added to the isocyanate composition.
14. The foam of claim 13, wherein the filler is selected from one or more of melamine, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, talc, glass fiber, carbon nanotubes, and plant fiber;
the proportion of the filler is 1-80% of the total mass of the isocyanate composition.
15. The foam according to claim 14, wherein the proportion of the filler is 5 to 70% by mass of the total mass of the isocyanate composition.
16. The foam according to claim 15, wherein the proportion of the filler is 10 to 60% by mass of the total mass of the isocyanate composition.
17. The foam according to claim 16, wherein the proportion of the filler is 20 to 55% by weight of the total isocyanate composition.
18. A method for preparing the rigid polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the raw materials are uniformly mixed and subjected to a foaming reaction, and the foam is obtained after the reaction is finished.
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| CN110885418A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-17 | 山东一诺威新材料有限公司 | Polyurethane rigid foam for on-line tube heat collector and preparation method thereof |
| CN112646121A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-13 | 淄博汇德聚氨酯制品股份有限公司 | Polyurethane rigid foam thermal insulation material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112830703B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-09-24 | 舒浪平 | Concrete reinforcing agent and preparation method thereof |
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