CN111072890B - Semi-rigid polyurethane foam, preparation method thereof, polyurethane foam sandwich component and application - Google Patents

Semi-rigid polyurethane foam, preparation method thereof, polyurethane foam sandwich component and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111072890B
CN111072890B CN201911351493.2A CN201911351493A CN111072890B CN 111072890 B CN111072890 B CN 111072890B CN 201911351493 A CN201911351493 A CN 201911351493A CN 111072890 B CN111072890 B CN 111072890B
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polyurethane foam
isocyanate
polyol
semi
component
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CN111072890A (en
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曹铖
王晓星
何国龙
赵恒平
沈沉
赵军
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Wanhua Chemical Group Co Ltd
Wanhua Chemical Beijing Co Ltd
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Wanhua Chemical Group Co Ltd
Wanhua Chemical Beijing Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
    • C08G18/4072—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/63 with other macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4205—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups
    • C08G18/4208—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
    • C08G18/4211—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
    • C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4244—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
    • C08G18/4247—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polyols containing at least one ether group and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G18/425—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polyols containing at least one ether group and polycarboxylic acids the polyols containing one or two ether groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
    • C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
    • C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
    • C08G18/4841—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units containing oxyethylene end groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/63—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
    • C08G18/632—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto polyethers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/552—Fatigue strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/582—Tearability
    • B32B2307/5825—Tear resistant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a semi-rigid polyurethane foam obtained from the reaction of a composition comprising an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component, the isocyanate-reactive component comprising: polyether polyol 1, the content of ethylene oxide is 5-50 wt%; a polymer polyol; polyester polyol 1 obtained by reacting a linear dibasic acid with a nonlinear diol containing a pendant group; a catalyst; a foaming agent; and (4) surface activity. The polyurethane foam can be used for preparing a multilayer structure without adding an additional adhesive, and has excellent mechanical property, thermal aging resistance, humidity and heat aging resistance, weather alternating aging resistance and excellent blasting reliability. The invention also provides a preparation method of the polyurethane foam, and an interlayer part containing the polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof.

Description

Semi-rigid polyurethane foam, preparation method thereof, polyurethane foam sandwich component and application
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a semi-rigid polyurethane foam, particularly for instrument panels, a method for the preparation of said material, and a sandwich component comprising said polyurethane foam and a method for the preparation thereof.
Background
Automobile instrument panels are one of the most important parts in automobile interior trim, and are required to have a comfortable touch and good impact absorption properties. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam is widely applied to the preparation of middle and high-end vehicle type instrument panels in the market due to good hardness and elasticity and excellent performances of energy absorption, shock resistance, impact resistance and the like. In recent years, with the development of industries, the upgrading of consumer demands, the improvement of safety and comfort, and the like, materials for automobile instrument panels are also required to further improve performance. Besides conventional properties, properties such as environmental protection, flame retardance, aging resistance, airbag explosion and the like need to be enhanced.
Patent CN 105820303A discloses polyurethane foam for low-density automobile instrument panels, and a preparation method and application thereof, and the foam formula system has the advantages of high raw material cost, high TVOC (total volatile organic compound) of the prepared foam, poor flame retardant property and excessive loss rate of mechanical property after aging.
Therefore, a technical scheme is needed to solve the problems of the prior art that safety needs to be enhanced, such as environmental protection, flame retardance, aging resistance, airbag explosion and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a semi-rigid polyurethane foam which can be used for preparing a multilayer structure without adding an additional adhesive, and has excellent environmental protection performance, flame retardant performance (no flame retardant is added), mechanical performance, thermal aging resistance, humidity and heat aging resistance, weather alternating aging resistance and excellent blasting reliability. The invention also provides a preparation method of the polyurethane foam, a sandwich component containing the polyurethane foam, and a preparation method and application of the sandwich component.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a semi-rigid polyurethane foam obtained from the reaction of a composition comprising an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component, the isocyanate-reactive component comprising: polyether polyol 1, the content of ethylene oxide is 5-50 wt%; a polymer polyol; polyester polyol 1, which is obtained by reacting linear chain dibasic acid with nonlinear chain dihydric alcohol containing a side group to obtain a catalyst; a foaming agent; a surfactant.
Preferably, the isocyanate-reactive component comprises: polyether polyol 1, the average functionality is 2-4.5, preferably 2-4, the hydroxyl value is 30-200 mgKOH/g, preferably 50-85 mgKOH/g, the polyether polyol is obtained by reacting ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and the content of the ethylene oxide is 10-25 wt%; a polymer polyol, i.e., a graft copolymerization type polyether polyol, having an average functionality of 2 to 4.5, preferably 2 to 3, a hydroxyl value of 15 to 50mgKOH/g, preferably 20 to 40mgKOH/g, and a solid content of 20 to 50wt%, preferably 25 to 45 wt%; the polyester polyol 1 has a hydroxyl value of 20-300 mgKOH/g, preferably 25-120 mgKOH/g, and is obtained by reacting a linear dibasic acid with a non-linear diol containing a side group; a catalyst; a foaming agent; a surfactant.
In the present invention, the isocyanate component refers to a class of compounds having isocyanate groups, examples of which include, but are not limited to, Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), 1, 4-cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI), Xylylene Diisocyanate (XDI), cyclohexanedimethylene diisocyanate (HXDI), trimethyl-1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMHDI), tetramethylm-xylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), norbornane diisocyanate (NBDI), dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate (TODI), methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate (HTDI), and the like, and prepolymers, modified products, polymers and the like of such monomers, and such isocyanate compounds may be used alone or in combination. Preferably, the isocyanate component has an NCO content of 20 to 34 wt.%, preferably 25 to 32 wt.%.
In the present invention, the polyether polyol 1 refers to a compound obtained by polymerizing alkylene oxide initiated with polyol, examples of the initiator include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 2-butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, etc., and examples of the alkylene oxide used include, but are not limited to, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc. The alkylene oxide monomer may be added in a block form or may be added randomly, but block addition is preferable, propylene oxide polymerization is more preferable, and ethylene oxide block addition is performed at the terminal.
In the present invention, preferably, the isocyanate-reactive component further comprises polyether polyol 2 having an average functionality of 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 3; the hydroxyl value is 20-200 mgKOH/g, preferably 25-180 mgKOH/g, more preferably 30-170 mgKOH/g, and the hydroxyl value is obtained by the reaction of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, wherein the content of the ethylene oxide is 55-95 wt%, preferably 75-90 wt%. The alkylene oxide monomer may be block addition or random addition, but random addition is preferred. The addition of polyether polyol 2 enhances the miscibility of the isocyanate-reactive component and the isocyanate, provides more balanced reactivity, and improves foam moldability and process latitude.
In the present invention, the polymer polyol refers to a graft copolymer polyol obtained by reacting a polyether polyol, which may be polyethylene oxide polyol, polypropylene oxide polyol, polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer polyol, etc. commonly used in the art, with a vinyl monomer, which may be acrylonitrile, styrene, vinylidene chloride, hydroxyalkyl acrylate, alkyl acrylate, etc., preferably acrylonitrile and/or styrene.
In the present invention, in the polyester polyol 1, the non-linear diol having a pendant group is an aliphatic diol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and the pendant group is a methyl group, examples of which include, but are not limited to, 2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1, 4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol, 3-methylpent-2-ene-1, 5-diol, trimethyl-1, 6-hexanediol, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-hexanediol, 3, 6-dimethyl-3, 6-octanediol, 2, 7-dimethyl-2, 7-octanediol, 8-methyl-1, 8-nonanediol, 2-methyl-2, 5-decanediol, and the like, which may be used alone or in combination. The linear dibasic acid refers to a dibasic acid having a linear structure, does not contain a side chain, and preferably is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2-12 carbon atoms, examples of which include, but are not limited to, succinic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and the like, and can be used alone or in combination. The polyester polyol 1 is effective in improving the cohesion of the foam layer and the compatibility between the materials of the respective layers in the part.
In the present invention, the isocyanate-reactive component preferably further comprises a polyester polyol 2 obtained by reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride with a polyol, and having a functionality of 2 to 3, preferably 2, and a hydroxyl value of 20 to 600mgKOH/g, preferably 30 to 200 mgKOH/g. Preferably, the aromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride has 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, phthalic anhydride, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and the like, which may be used alone or in combination. More preferably, the aromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride is one or more of phthalic anhydride, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid. Preferably, the polyhydric alcohol has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, examples of which include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, pentanediol, hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, dipropylene glycol, and the like, and may be used alone or in combination. The hydrolysis resistance, flame retardance, aging resistance, mechanical property and the like of the polyurethane foam can be effectively improved by adding the polyester polyol 2.
In the present invention, the catalyst refers to a class of compounds having catalytic activity to isocyanate and active hydrogen atoms, examples of which include, but are not limited to, triethylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N' -tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N-methylaniline, N-dimethylaniline, tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octanoate, tin ethylhexanoate, tin laurate, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin maleate, dioctyltin diacetate, etc., and such catalysts may be used alone or in combination.
In the present invention, the blowing agent may be selected from physical blowing agents, chemical blowing agents, and the like commonly used in the art, including but not limited to water, chlorodifluoromethane, chlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, butane, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, air, CO2And N2Preferably water.
In the present invention, the surfactant, examples of which include, but are not limited to, for example, a polysiloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymer as a main structure, and the like, may be used alone or in combination.
In the present invention, the isocyanate-reactive component may further comprise a cross-linking agent, and the cross-linking agent may be any one commonly used in the art, such as polyol, polyamine, etc., and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, phenylenediamine, sorbitol, etc., and such cross-linking agents may be used alone or in combination.
In the present invention, the isocyanate-reactive component may further comprise a chain extender, which may employ chain extenders commonly used in the art, such as diols, diamines, diphenols, and the like, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, cyclohexanediol, methylamine, ethylamine, hydrogenated bisphenol a, benzenediol, and the like, and such chain extenders may be used alone or in combination.
In the present invention, the isocyanate-reactive component may further comprise a flame retardant, which can provide a better flame retardant effect to the polyurethane material obtained by the reaction, and examples include, but are not limited to, halogenated phosphate flame retardants, halogenated hydrocarbons and other halogen-containing flame retardants, melamine and its salts, reactive flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants, and the like, and such flame retardants may be used alone or in combination. The use of the flame retardant causes a decrease in environmental properties, and therefore the flame retardant is not a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the present invention, the isocyanate-reactive component may also contain other additives commonly used in the art, including but not limited to coupling agents, color pastes, fillers, smoke suppressants, dyes, pigments, antistatic agents, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, diluents, surface wetting agents, leveling agents, thixotropic agents, and the like.
In the invention, the molar ratio of isocyanate groups in the isocyanate component to active hydrogen atoms in the isocyanate-reactive component is 90-120: 100, preferably 105 to 115: 100.
in a preferred embodiment, based on the total mass of the isocyanate-reactive components:
the using amount of the polyether polyol 1 is 40-90%, preferably 60-70%;
the using amount of the polymer polyol is 3-30%, preferably 5-20%;
the using amount of the polyether polyol 2 is 0-20%, preferably 3-15%;
the using amount of the polyester polyol 1 is 3-40%, and preferably 5-20%;
the dosage of the polyester polyol 2 is 0-20%, preferably 7-15%;
the dosage of the catalyst is 0.5-5%, preferably 1-3%;
the amount of the foaming agent is 1-5%, preferably 2-3.5%;
the dosage of the surfactant is 0.1-1%, preferably 0.3-0.7%.
The polyurethane foam obtained by the components including the polyether polyol 1, the polymer polyol, the polyether polyol 2, the polyester polyol 1, the polyester polyol 2 and the like has excellent formability, excellent mechanical property, environmental protection property and flame retardant property, and excellent aging resistance. Is suitable for preparing products such as shock pads, baffles, armrests and the like, and is particularly suitable for instrument board parts, in particular to automobile instrument board parts.
According to the preparation method of the polyurethane foam, the isocyanate component and the isocyanate reactive component are mixed for reaction, and the polyurethane foam is obtained after the reaction is finished.
In a preferred embodiment, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively controlling the temperature of an isocyanate component and the temperature of an isocyanate reactive component to be 22-28 ℃, preferably 24-26 ℃;
injecting the isocyanate component and the isocyanate reactive component into a mold through a high-pressure casting machine for reaction, and opening the mold after the reaction is finished to obtain polyurethane foam, wherein the filling density of the polyurethane foam is 100-200 kg/m3Preferably 120 to 160kg/m3(ii) a The pressure of the high-pressure casting machine is 100-180 bar, preferably 130-170 bar, the temperature of the die is 30-60 ℃, preferably 35-55 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 50-180 seconds, preferably 60-140 seconds.
A polyurethane foam sandwich component comprises an outer layer substrate, a middle layer and an inner layer substrate, wherein the middle layer is the semi-rigid polyurethane foam, and the thickness of the middle layer is preferably 0.3-1.2 cm, and more preferably 0.5-1.2 cm; the outer layer base material is modified polyvinyl chloride, the preferred thickness is 0.8-1.2 mm, the inner layer base material is modified polypropylene, and the preferred thickness is 2.5-3.5 mm. The modified polyvinyl chloride and the modified polypropylene are prepared by conventionally preparing modified polyvinyl chloride and modified polypropylene materials of the automobile instrument panel, and are not particularly limited.
A method of making a polyurethane foam sandwich component, the steps comprising:
step one, respectively controlling the temperature of an isocyanate component and the temperature of an isocyanate reactive component to be 22-28 ℃, preferably 24-26 ℃;
step two, respectively assembling an inner layer base material and an outer layer base material in an upper die and a lower die of a die in advance, and reacting the isocyanate component and isocyanateInjecting the components into a mold through a high-pressure casting machine for reaction, and opening the mold after the reaction is finished to obtain an interlayer part; wherein the filling density of the polyurethane foam is 100-200 kg/m3Preferably 120 to 160kg/m3The pressure of the high-pressure casting machine is 100-180 bar, preferably 130-170 bar, the temperature of the die is 30-60 ℃, preferably 35-55 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 50-180 seconds, preferably 60-140 seconds.
The polyurethane foam filling density refers to the density of the polyurethane foam molded in the mold.
With respect to the specific components involved in the polyurethane foam of the present invention, such as polyols, auxiliaries and the like, may be used alone or in combination, except as specifically mentioned. In addition, raw materials, processes, methods, parameters and the like required for preparing the components, which are not described or described, can be referred to the techniques commonly used in the art, and do not affect the implementation of the invention, such as the preparation of polyether polyol, the preparation of polyester polyol, the preparation of polymer polyol, the preparation of polyurethane foam and the like.
The "hydroxyl value" appearing in the present invention means an average hydroxyl value of the component unless otherwise specified.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the semi-rigid polyurethane foam has excellent environmental protection performance, flame retardant performance (no need of adding a flame retardant), mechanical performance and aging resistance, and is particularly suitable for being applied to automobile instrument panels. When the material is used for an automobile instrument panel, the initial mechanical property and the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, peeling force and the like) of the instrument panel under extreme conditions are excellent enough, so that splashes generated during the explosion of the safety air bag can be effectively reduced, and the explosion reliability is improved. Meanwhile, due to the excellent environmental protection performance and flame retardant performance, the comprehensive safety of passengers can be improved.
Detailed Description
Some examples are listed below to provide the public with a better understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention.
The examples and comparative examples used the following starting materials:
diphenylmethane diisocyanate, WANANTE MDI-50, NCO content 33.6 wt%, viscosity 12 mPa.s at 25 ℃, Wanhua chemistry;
polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, WANNATE PM-200, 31.4 wt% of NCO content, 200 mPa.s of viscosity at 25 ℃, and Wanhua chemistry;
modified MDI, WANNATE 80693, NCO content 28.7 wt%, Wanhua chemistry;
1-1 of polyether polyol, wherein the polyether polyol is initiated by pentaerythritol, propylene oxide is polymerized, and ethylene oxide is added at the end block, the content of ethylene oxide is 10 wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 50 mgKOH/g;
1-2 parts of polyether polyol, beginning with diethylene glycol, polymerizing propylene oxide, and adding ethylene oxide end blocks, wherein the ethylene oxide content is 25wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 85 mgKOH/g;
1-3 parts of polyether polyol, starting with trimethylolpropane, polymerizing propylene oxide, and performing addition on an ethylene oxide terminal block, wherein the ethylene oxide content is 15 wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 56 mgKOH/g;
polyether polyol 2-1, triethanolamine initiation, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide random copolymerization, wherein the ethylene oxide content is 90wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 85 mgKOH/g;
polyether polyol 2-2, dipropylene glycol initiation, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide random copolymerization, wherein the ethylene oxide content is 75 wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 170 mgKOH/g;
2-3 parts of polyether polyol, starting with glycerol, randomly copolymerizing propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, wherein the ethylene oxide content is 82 wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 30 mgKOH/g;
polyether polyol 3, starting with glycerol, polymerizing propylene oxide, and carrying out block addition on the terminal of ethylene oxide, wherein the content of ethylene oxide is 15 wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 28 mgKOH/g;
polyether polyol 4, starting with sucrose, polymerizing propylene oxide, and performing block addition on the end of ethylene oxide, wherein the content of ethylene oxide is 20 wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 28 mgKOH/g;
polyether polyol 5, starting with glycerol, polymerizing propylene oxide, and carrying out block addition on the terminal of ethylene oxide, wherein the content of ethylene oxide is 20 wt%, and the hydroxyl value is 34 mgKOH/g;
1-1 part of polymer polyol, started by ethylene glycol, having a hydroxyl value of 20mgKOH/g and a solid content of 25 wt%;
1-2 parts of polymer polyol, beginning with trimethylolpropane, having a hydroxyl value of 40mgKOH/g and a solid content of 30 wt%;
1-3 parts of polymer polyol, starting with glycerol, having a hydroxyl value of 30mgKOH/g and a solid content of 45 wt%;
polymer polyol 2, pentaerythritol initial, hydroxyl value 28mgKOH/g, solid content 30 wt%;
1-1 polyester polyol, wherein the hydroxyl value is 120mgKOH/g and is obtained by the reaction of adipic acid and 2-methyl-1, 3 propanediol;
1-2 parts of polyester polyol, wherein the polyester polyol is obtained by reacting sebacic acid and 3, 6-dimethyl-3, 6-octanediol, and has a hydroxyl value of 25 mgKOH/g;
1-3 parts of polyester polyol, wherein adipic acid is reacted with 2-methyl-1, 4-butanediol and 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol in a mass ratio of 5:2, and the hydroxyl value is 60 mgKOH/g;
2-1 of polyester polyol, wherein phthalic anhydride is reacted with dipropylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol in a mass ratio of 9:10, and the hydroxyl value is 30 mgKOH/g;
2-2 parts of polyester polyol, wherein the polyester polyol is obtained by reacting isophthalic acid and ethylene glycol, and has a hydroxyl value of 102 mgKOH/g;
2-3 parts of polyester polyol, wherein the polyester polyol is obtained by reacting terephthalic acid with diethylene glycol and has a hydroxyl value of 200 mgKOH/g;
catalyst 1, KC121, wanhua chemistry;
catalyst 2, KC101, wanhua chemistry;
catalyst 3, a 70% diethylene glycol solution of bis (N, N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl) ether;
a blowing agent, water;
surfactant 1, SC815, wanhua chemistry;
surfactant 2, B8715, winning company.
The preparation method of the isocyanate component 1 comprises the following steps: in a reaction kettle at the temperature of 45 ℃, according to the mass parts, 30 parts of WANANTE MDI-50 and 70 parts of WANNATE PM-200 are put into the reaction kettle, and the materials are discharged after being uniformly stirred; an NCO content of 32% by weight and a viscosity at 25 ℃ of 70 mPas.
The preparation method of the isocyanate component 2 comprises the following steps: putting 55 parts of WANANTE MDI-50 and 22 parts of polyether polyol 3 into a reaction kettle at 45 ℃, uniformly stirring, heating to 70 ℃, adding 23 parts of WANNATE PM-200, uniformly stirring, and discharging; an NCO content of 25% by weight and a viscosity at 25 ℃ of 300 mPas.
Isocyanate component 3 was used as WANNATE 80693.
Examples and comparative examples preparation of polyurethane foam samples:
step one, respectively controlling the temperature of an isocyanate component and the temperature of an isocyanate reactive component to be 25 ℃;
injecting the isocyanate component and the isocyanate reactive component into a mold through a high-pressure casting machine for reaction, and opening the mold after the reaction is finished to obtain polyurethane foam, wherein the filling density of the polyurethane foam is 130kg/m3(ii) a Wherein the pressure of the high-pressure casting machine is 150bar, the temperature of the die is 40 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 120 seconds.
Examples and comparative examples preparation of sandwich components:
step one, respectively controlling the temperature of an isocyanate component and the temperature of an isocyanate reactive component to be 25 ℃;
step two, respectively assembling a modified polypropylene substrate (purchased from Jinfa technology) with the thickness of 3mm and a modified polyvinyl chloride substrate (purchased from Normal mature Ruihua, model number DSY 260/05) with the thickness of 1mm in an upper die and a lower die of a die in advance, injecting the isocyanate component and the isocyanate reactive component into the die through a high-pressure casting machine for reaction, and opening the die after the reaction is finished to obtain an interlayer component; wherein the filling density of the polyurethane foam is 130kg/m3The filling thickness is 1cm, the pressure of a high-pressure casting machine is 150bar, the temperature of a mould is 40 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 120 seconds.
The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0002334766720000111
Figure BDA0002334766720000121
TABLE 2 (parts by mass)
Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3
Polyether polyol 1-1 76
Polyether polyol 1-2 76
Polymer polyol 1-1 19
Polyester polyol 1-1 18.5
Water (W) 2.5 3 2
SC815 0.7 0.6
KC121 1 0.5
KC101 1.3 0.9 2
Polyether polyol 4 75
Polyether polyol 5 12
Polymer polyol 2 13
Catalyst 3 0.5
Surfactant 2 0.5
Isocyanate component 1 67
Isocyanate component 2 70
Isocyanate component 3 40
Molar ratio of NCO to active hydrogen atoms 108:100 112:100 100:100
Note: comparative example 3, comparative example made according to the example of patent 201480070198.9 (Sanyo).
The foam and sandwich component samples obtained in the examples and comparative examples were tested using the following test standards and methods:
tensile property test standard: ISO 1798;
tear performance test standard: ISO 8067;
combustion characteristic test standard: GB 8410;
environmental protection performance test standard: VDA278, test TVOC;
initial formability: confirming the appearance and filling condition after opening the die; wherein "A" represents no defect; "B" indicates that small bubbles are available for repair; "C" indicates that bubbles are not easily repaired; "D" indicates small starvation repairable; "E" indicates that the material shortage is not easy to repair;
formability after aging: "F" indicates no new defect; "G" indicates the presence of a bulge; "H" indicates a variation;
peel performance test standard: testing the force value of the polyvinyl chloride substrate and polyurethane foam when peeling, wherein the peeling angle is 180 degrees, the peeling speed is 200mm/min, and the peeling length is 100 mm;
in the above test items, the moldability and the peel property were tested using a sandwich member sample, and the tensile properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), the tear property, the combustion property and the environmental protection property were tested using a foam sample.
Long-period heat aging test conditions: the sample was left at 120 ℃/30% RH for 500 hours;
long-period damp-heat aging test conditions: the sample was left at 70 ℃ and 95% RH for 500 hours;
weather cycle aging test conditions: the sample was subjected to 15 standard cycles; one standard cycle: the sample is subjected to 100 ℃. + -. 2 ℃/30% RH (15.5 hours), 23 ℃. + -. 2 ℃/30% RH (0.5 hours), -40 ℃. + -. 2 ℃/30% RH (7.5 hours), 23 ℃. + -. 2 ℃/30% RH (0.5 hours), 55 ℃. + -. 2 ℃/95% RH (15.5 hours), 23 ℃. + -. 2 ℃/30% RH (0.5 hours), -40 ℃. + -. 2 ℃/30% RH (7.5 hours), 23 ℃. + -. 2 ℃/30% RH (0.5 hours) in this order.
The test results are listed in the following table.
TABLE 3 initial State examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0002334766720000131
TABLE 4 Properties of examples and comparative examples after long-term heat aging
Figure BDA0002334766720000141
TABLE 5 Properties of examples and comparative examples after long-term humid heat aging
Figure BDA0002334766720000142
TABLE 6 Properties of the examples and comparative examples after weathering
Figure BDA0002334766720000143
The examples and the comparative examples show that the examples have excellent environmental protection performance in the initial state, and have better formability, higher performances such as stretching, tearing, stripping, flame retardance and the like compared with the comparative examples; after long-period heat aging, long-period damp-heat aging and climate cycle aging, the embodiment has better comparative ratio formability, smaller loss rate of performances such as stretching, tearing and stripping, excellent flame retardant property is kept, and more excellent aging resistance is shown.

Claims (20)

1. A semi-rigid polyurethane foam obtained from a reaction comprising an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component, the isocyanate-reactive component comprising: polyether polyol 1, wherein the content of ethylene oxide is 5-50 wt%, the average functionality is 2-4.5, the hydroxyl value is 30-200 mgKOH/g, and the polyether polyol is obtained by starting with polyol and reacting with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; a polymer polyol having an average functionality of 2 to 4.5, a hydroxyl value of 15 to 50mgKOH/g, and a solid content of 20 to 50 wt%; the polyester polyol 1 has a hydroxyl value of 20-300 mgKOH/g, and is obtained by reacting a linear chain dibasic acid with a non-linear chain dihydric alcohol containing a side group, wherein the non-linear chain dihydric alcohol containing the side group is an aliphatic dihydric alcohol with 4-12 carbon atoms, and the side group is methyl; polyether polyol 2, the average functionality is 2-5; the hydroxyl value is 20-200 mgKOH/g, the polyol is obtained by the reaction of polyol with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and the content of the ethylene oxide is 55-95 wt%; the polyester polyol 2 is obtained by reacting aromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride with polyhydric alcohol, the functionality is 2-3, and the hydroxyl value is 20-600 mgKOH/g; a catalyst; a foaming agent; a surfactant.
2. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the polyether polyol 1 has an ethylene oxide content of 10 to 25 wt%.
3. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 2, wherein the polyether polyol 1, having an average functionality of 2 to 4 and a hydroxyl value of 50 to 85mgKOH/g, is obtained by reacting a polyol with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; the polymer polyol has an average functionality of 2-3, a hydroxyl value of 20-40 mgKOH/g and a solid content of 25-45 wt%; the polyester polyol 1 has a hydroxyl value of 25 to 120 mgKOH/g.
4. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate component has an NCO content of 20 to 34 wt.%.
5. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 4, wherein the isocyanate component has an NCO content of 25 to 32 wt.%.
6. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the polyether polyol 2 has an average functionality of 2 to 3; a hydroxyl value of 25 to 180mgKOH/g, and an ethylene oxide content of 75 to 90 wt%.
7. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 6, wherein the polyether polyol 2 has a hydroxyl value of 30 to 170 mgKOH/g.
8. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the linear dibasic acid is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
9. The semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the polyester polyol 2 has a functionality of 2 and a hydroxyl value of 30 to 200 mgKOH/g.
10. Semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the molar ratio of isocyanate groups in the isocyanate component to active hydrogen atoms in the isocyanate-reactive component is from 90 to 120: 100.
11. the semi-rigid polyurethane foam of claim 10, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate groups in the isocyanate component to active hydrogen atoms in the isocyanate-reactive component is from 105 to 115: 100.
12. semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, based on the total mass of the isocyanate-reactive components:
the using amount of the polyether polyol 1 is 40-90%;
the using amount of the polymer polyol is 3-30%;
the using amount of the polyether polyol 2 is 0-20%;
the using amount of the polyester polyol 1 is 3-40%;
the using amount of the polyester polyol 2 is 0-20%;
the dosage of the catalyst is 0.5-5%;
the amount of the foaming agent is 1-5%;
the dosage of the surfactant is 0.1-1%.
13. Semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 12, characterized in that, based on the total mass of the isocyanate-reactive components:
the using amount of the polyether polyol 1 is 60-70%;
the using amount of the polymer polyol is 5-20%;
the using amount of the polyether polyol 2 is 3-15%;
the using amount of the polyester polyol 1 is 5-20%;
the using amount of the polyester polyol 2 is 7-15%;
the dosage of the catalyst is 1-3%;
the amount of the foaming agent is 2-3.5%;
the dosage of the surfactant is 0.3-0.7%.
14. A method of making a semi-rigid polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising the steps of:
step one, respectively controlling the temperature of an isocyanate component and the temperature of an isocyanate reactive component to be 22-28 ℃;
injecting the isocyanate component and the isocyanate reactive component into a mold through a high-pressure casting machine for reaction, and opening the mold after the reaction is finished to obtain polyurethane foam, wherein the filling density of the polyurethane foam is 100-200 kg/m3(ii) a Wherein the pressure of the high-pressure casting machine is 100-180 bar, the temperature of the die is 30-60 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 50-180 seconds.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein in the first step, the temperature of the isocyanate component and the temperature of the isocyanate-reactive component are controlled to be 24-26 ℃ respectively;
secondly, the filling density of the polyurethane foam is 120-160 kg/m3(ii) a Wherein the high-pressure casting machineThe pressure of the mold is 130-170 bar, the temperature of the mold is 35-55 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 60-140 seconds.
16. A polyurethane foam sandwich member comprising an outer substrate, an intermediate layer and an inner substrate, wherein the intermediate layer is the semirigid polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or the semirigid polyurethane foam obtained by the production process according to claim 14 or 15, the outer substrate is modified polyvinyl chloride, and the inner substrate is modified polypropylene.
17. The polyurethane foam sandwich member according to claim 16, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.3 to 1.2cm, the thickness of the outer layer substrate is 0.8 to 1.2mm, and the thickness of the inner layer substrate is 2.5 to 3.5 mm.
18. The process for the preparation of polyurethane foam sandwich components according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the steps comprise:
step one, respectively controlling the temperature of an isocyanate component and the temperature of an isocyanate reactive component to be 22-28 ℃;
step two, respectively assembling an inner layer base material and an outer layer base material in an upper die and a lower die of a die in advance, injecting the isocyanate component and the isocyanate reactive component into the die through a high-pressure casting machine for reaction, and opening the die after the reaction is finished to obtain an interlayer part; wherein the filling density of the polyurethane foam is 100-200 kg/m3The pressure of the high-pressure casting machine is 100-180 bar, the temperature of the die is 30-60 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 50-180 seconds.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein in step one, the temperature of the isocyanate component and the isocyanate-reactive component is controlled to be 24-26 ℃ respectively;
secondly, the filling density of the polyurethane foam is 120-160 kg/m3The pressure of the high-pressure casting machine is 130-170 bar, the temperature of the die is 35-55 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 60-140 seconds.
20. Use of the polyurethane foam sandwich component of claim 16 for an instrument panel.
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