CN1099210C - 用于蜂窝无线电的收发信机测试 - Google Patents

用于蜂窝无线电的收发信机测试 Download PDF

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CN1099210C
CN1099210C CN96194138A CN96194138A CN1099210C CN 1099210 C CN1099210 C CN 1099210C CN 96194138 A CN96194138 A CN 96194138A CN 96194138 A CN96194138 A CN 96194138A CN 1099210 C CN1099210 C CN 1099210C
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G·博格
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Abstract

在蜂窝网孔中提供测试环路，用于测试和监视从无线电基站传递蜂窝业务的无线电设备所需的整个链。包括收发信机测试单元的软件修改的移动站用电缆连接在无线电基站中的发射机与接收机部分之间。逻辑被引入基站控制器中，以便在该网孔的所有业务信道上建立到该移动站的连接和评价来自收发信机测试单元及接收机的测量报告。如果信号强度和/或误码率不在预定的预期区间内，则在基站控制器中给出告警。而且，也可有关在该网孔中的所有业务信道上提供测量的信号强度和误码率的报告。收发信机测试可用周期的命令开始。另外，可评价有关网孔业务的统计以确定导致收发信机测试自动启动的网孔的不正常情况，在网孔中提供连续的监视以实现快速故障检测和故障定位，因此降低费用、减少蜂窝业务不工作时间和提高对终端用户服务的质量。

Description

用于蜂窝无线电的收发信机测试
本发明涉及测试蜂窝网络中的设备的系统，特别是涉及用于检测和定位在无线电基站中的发送与接收链路上的故障的系统。
蜂窝无线电话系统典型地包括相邻无线电网孔的网络，一起提供所服务的地理区域的完全覆盖。每个网孔有一个基站(BS)，通过相关的无线信道与一个或多个移动站(MS)通信。指定给给定网孔的一组无线信道与在相邻网孔中使用的那些组不同，以便避免干扰。BS组是由各自的移动业务交换中心(MSC)控制的，每个移动业务交换中心等效于公共交换电话网(PSTN)中的本地交换机。因此，MSC负责处理诸如交换、选路由和对呼叫收费并且与PSTN及其它网络进行往返通信的任务。
众所周知的蜂窝系统是北欧移动电话(NMT)系统；全向通信系统(TACS)；高级移动电话系统(AMPS)；美国数字蜂窝(ADC)系统；全球移动通信系统(GSM)和个人数字蜂窝(PDC)系统(以前称为日本数字蜂窝(JDC)系统)。GSM系统的各个方面情况在Hofverberg的美国专利5408696“校正无线电信号强度信息信号的方法和设备”以及EriKsson的美国专利5212689“在时分复用无线通信系统中发送有关发射机天线选择的不同命令的方法”中叙述了。这两个专利引用在这里供参考。
无线通信系统的硬件实现的许多具体细节已超出目前讨论的范围，但是本领域的技术人员已经清楚；本发明可应用于任何这样的系统。无线通信系统的一个例子是蜂窝通信网络，其中MSC接在PSTN与一个或多个BS之间，从MS发送和接收信号。当呼叫接通时，在业务信道上进行通信。这种业务信道和在业务信道上建立通信中使用的控制信道的技术规范可根据所实现的系统的如GSM、PDC、ADC等的应用标准。对于这样的基站和移动站的示例硬件结构感兴趣的人，Dahlin等人的美国专利5119397引用在这里供参考。
在TDMA蜂窝无线电话系统中，每条无线信道分为一系列时隙，每个时隙包含来自数据源如话音变换的数字编码部分的信息脉冲串。这些时隙被分组为具有预定持续时间的连续的TDMA帧。每个TDMA帧中的时隙数与不同的用户数相关，这些用户可同时地共用无线信道。如果TDMA帧中的每个时隙指定给不同的用户，TDMA帧的持续时间是指定给同一用户的连续的时隙之间的最小时间量。指定给话音通信的同一用户的连续时隙通常不是无线载波上的相连的时隙。指定的时隙构成用户的数字业务信道，这可认为是指定给用户的逻辑信道。除了话音或业务信道之外，蜂窝无线通信系统也提供用于传递基站与移动站之间的呼叫建立消息的寻呼/接入或控制信道。欧洲GSM系统是全数字系统，其中200KHz宽的无线信道位于靠近900MHz。每个GSM无线信道具有每秒270Kb的总数据率并且分为八个全速率业务信道(每个业务时隙传递116加密的比特)。
在无线电BS的无线电部分的故障检测和故障定位是这样的能力，这些能力对于降低由蜂窝无线网经营者承担的操作与维护(O&M)费用、减少蜂窝业务停用时间和提高终端用户的服务质量是重要的。常规地，通过在无线电基站中包含分开的单元和功能来检测和定位故障。这个方法的一个问题是在发射机及接收机链中包含所有可能故障是困难的，这引起降级或使蜂窝业务不能传输。
在与多个MS通信的BS中提供特别的收发信机测试仪(TRXT)是公知的。TRXT 10在图1中作为收发信机组(TG)100部分画出。TG100包括两个收发信机(TRX)，每个收发信机包括4个部件：一个收发信机控制器(TRXC)22，一个8信道信号处理部分(8xspp)24，一个无线发射机(RTX)26，和一个无线接收机(RRX)28。
TRXC22控制在TRX与基站控制器(BSC)(未示出)之间的信令。TG控制(TGC)被包括作为在一个TRXC22中的软件功能来处理TG 100中的公共控制功能。TGC使用指定给TRX的控制时隙通过收发信机无线接口(TRI)30与BSC通信。8xspp24处理所有的数字信号处理，例如用于-时隙的均衡和信道编码并且可服务多达8个全速率的双工信道。
RTX26包括用于调制、射频(RF)载波信号产生和功率放大的功能。每个TRX至少有一个RTX。如果不采用跳频，则每个RTX属于一个特定的TRX。TRX的这种配置的例子在图1中以虑线表示。如果采用跳频，则为每个跳频提供一个RTX，和RTX的数量可大于TRX的数量。在跳频的情况下，RTX属于每个时隙的不同的TRX。
每个TRX还包括一个接收器(RRX)28。RRX28是用于接收的无线电部分并且包括接收和解调功能。每个RRX属于一个特定的TRX。
在TG中还包括一个定时模块(TM)40、一个发送器组合器50和一个接收器除法器60。TM40从输入的脉码调制(PCM)时钟中提供一个基准频率并进行帧同步。组合器50组合来自多个RTX的信号给一个天线。接收器除法器60包括一个接收器除法器的放大器(RXDA)和一个接收器除法器(RXD)，它放大并分配来自接收天RXA ANT与RXB ANT的信号给RRX。
当在TG100中采用跳频时，为每个TRX提供一个基带开关(BBX)70，用于控制TRXC 22与RTX26之间的信号通路。根据跳频顺序，该开关将来自TRXC22的每个信号脉冲串连接到当前的RTX而且主要地由8xspp 24的软件和RTX实现的。
TRXT单元10包含在图1的TG中，用于在BSC的控制下执行整个基站TG 100的发送器及接收器单元的功能测试。TRXT10接到发射天线TX ANT和利用定向耦合器接到接收器除法器60，并且响应测试回路(TL)控制信号TX TL、RXA TL和RXB TL而工作。TRXT10利用TGC功能与BSC通信。
TRXT10在某一信道频率和时隙上进行TG100的各个功能的测量，然后在时隙中一定延迟之后给出结果，该时隙是与进行测量的时隙分开的。因此测量结果是在与要进行测试的信道不同的信道中给出的。这产生一个问题，因为对于电波传播和多路径传播，发射机/接收机情况可能完全不同。测量将取决于两条信道而不是只一条信道的情况并因此可能是错误的。
有关图1所述的BS的部件的进一步细节在“Ericsson RadioSystem AB(1993年)”的“CME20 MSC/VLR/HLR O&M Trainingdocument”和“Ericsson Radio System AB(1991年，1992年，1994年)”的“CME 20 System SurVey training Dodument”中公开了，这两个文件引用在这里以供参考。
已经提出其它的测试单元用于检测收发信机中的故障。国际专利公开号wo 91/19365和wo91/19366公开了一种收发信机测试环路，其中在测试信号传送到接收机之前被延迟了。国际专利公开号wo91/15904公开了用于基站收发信机设备的遥测移动台，其中延迟被引入该测试移动台。这些测试系统存在着与前述TRXT单元相同的问题，即测试信号的延迟可导致错误的结果。
需要一种系统来监视用于从蜂窝网络的无线基站提供蜂窝业务的无线电设备的整个链。这样的系统将填充收发信机基站(BTS)中任何其它监视功能所不能覆盖的缝隙。
申请人的发明的一个目的是在与无线电基站传递蜂窝业务所需的无线电设备的整个链上提供测试和监视能力。
申请人的发明的另一个目的是改善故障检测与故障定位，因此降低了操作与管理费用、减少蜂窝业务停用时间和提高对终端用户的服务质量。
在申请人的发明的一个方面中，软件修改的移动站(MS)用电缆接在无线电基站(BS)中的发送器与接收器部分之间。基站控制器(BSC)在网孔的所有的业务信道上建立到包含在该MS中的收发信机测试仪(TRXT)单元的连接和评价来自该MS的下行链路测量报告以及上行链路的测量报告。以这种方式，提供该网孔中的连续监视，实现快速故障检测与故障定位。如果信号强度和/或误码率不在预定的期望区间内，则在该BSC中给出一个告警。而且，可在该网孔中所有业务信道(TCH)上提供有关测量的信号强度和误码率的报告。可在预定的周期自动地或利用命令人工地启动收发信机测试。另外，评价有关该网孔中业务的统计，使得该网孔中的不正常情况导致收发信机测试自动的启动。
下面参考仅仅通过举例和附图表示的优选实施例更详细地叙述申请人的发明，其中：
图1表示收发信机组的典型方框图；和
图2表示根据本发明的射频测试环路。
在蜂窝网络中，提供基站系统(BSS)以便连接移动站(MS)到交换系统(SS)。BSS包括几个收发信机基站(BTS)和一个基站控制器(BSC)。BTS是服务一个网孔所需的无线电设备，包括无线系统、功率放大器和数字处理设备。BSC控制和监视BTS的及在BSS中的无线电连接。
为每个网孔提供一个收发信机组(TG)。如上面根据图1所叙述的，TG包括几个收发信机(TRX)，一个收发信机(TRX)用于一个网孔中的一个载波。TRX包含在该载波上发送/接收所需的大部分设备。这些TRX都接到相同的发射机天线。
根据本发明，TRXT单元提供作为连接TRX的RTX和RRX的BTS中的独立的硬件单元。TRXT单元执行测试，通过建立到TRXT单元的TCH连拉和在所有空闲TCH信道上评价信道强度与质量、上行链路与下行链路来检验BTS中的发射机和接收机链路。
收发信机测试可利用操作者命令人工地启动或者由BSC以预定的周期自动地启动。在BSC中可设定参数以指示BSC是否自动地开始测试和测试之间的间隔。测试可排定在任何希望的时间自动地发生。典型地，这些测试被排定在晚上发生以减少干扰用户业务的概率。
判定逻辑可包括在BSC中，以便根据成功的TCH指定的业务统计启动自动的测试。这个逻辑检测不成功的TCH指定速率是否太高或者在预定的时间间隔期间是否没有呼叫接到该网孔。因此，提供BTS中无线电部分的连续监视而不干扰无线电环境。
TRXT功能可以用天线分集接收监视功能实现。一些系统如数字通信系统1800(DCS 1800)采用两个天线。在两个天线的情况下，例如在图1中RXA ANT和RXB ANT所示的，两个发射机链路最好由TRXT测试监视。当使用分集接收时天线分集接收监视功能提供两个接收机连接RXA和RXB的连续监视。TRXT功能与天线分集接收监视功能一起提供了BTS中接收机部分显著地增加的监视并且保证发送链路和接收链路作为一个整体进行监视和检验。
测试环路作为图2中本发明的一个实施例表示出，标号与在图1中也出现的单元所给的标号相同。TRXT测试是从BSC开始和控制的。在发射机端(下行链路)，要测试的信道被传送给时隙处理器(TSH)15。TSH 15确定在哪些载频上的哪些时隙被测试。该测试不防碍不在测试中的时隙上的正常业务。信道经过RTX 26发送、在组合器50中组合并传递给测量耦合单元(MCU)52。MCU 52实质上是一个分离器，经过电缆连接传递发射机链路信号到TRXT单元10。
TRXT单元10就信号强度和有关发送机链路信号的质量进行测量，并且经过接收机反馈环路(即经过上行链路信道)向BSC报告。信号经过电缆从TRXT单元10发送到RXDA62。RXDA62发送这些反馈信号给RRX 28，在RRX28中进行如信号强度和质量的测量。然后，RRX经过TSH15发送这些信号给BSC进行评价。
使用图2所示的测试环路，可以建立TRXT单元和网孔中所有构成的TCH信道，包括所有信道组之间的连接，当启动收发信机测试时，使用标准的呼叫建立信令在所有空闲业务信道上建立到TRXT的连接。然后BSC评价有关信号强度和质量的测量报告。
TRXT单元10提供有关发送链路的测量和报告，而RRX 28提供有关接收链路的测量和报告，因此保证对无线电信道的上行链路和下行链路路径二者的检验。BSC中的处理器适当地编程用于评价这些测量和报告。TRXT测试检验发射功率是在预期正常值附近的一个预定区间内。下行链路质量测量用于检验在发送机链路上的误码率(BER)为低于可接受的差错率。TRXT测试也检验由接收机测量的功率电平为在预期值附近的一个预定区间内。接收机质量测量用于检验BER为低于可接受的差错率。
上面概述的过程叙述了网孔中一个信道的评价。当网孔站点内的所有网孔变为空闲时，用TRXP终究要对它们全部进行测试。
在测试完成之后，可提供测试结果的打印输出，包括有关哪些信道测试了和哪些信道发现了故障的信息。如果测试结果表示满足所有的标准，则所有的RRX、RTX和时隙加上测试中这些单元之间的所有互连都认为工作正常。
故障测试结果指示故障BTS设备。故障位置被确定为发射机或接收机链路，相应于被测试的TG、TRX和时隙。当出现故障的测试结果时，在BSC中提供一个告警。
TRXT单元10可安置在BTS设备机柜内的板上，作为一个插入单元，易于安装入已经传送的设备中。在安装或在网孔工作期间的收发信机测试可由维护人员启动以检验网孔中的所有连接都在工作。
TRXT单元10的电源可利用已知手段从BTS设备中提供。在TRXT测试期间构成的BS和MS电源以及用于到与来自TRXT单元的衰减和BSC协调。TRXT单元最好在电源故障后自动地重新启动。
TRXT测试环路不妨碍正常的业务，而只对空闲业务信道起作用。因此，TRXT单元最好符合用于移动业务处理的GSM技术规范，但以下几点例外。TRXT单元总是响应具有国际移动用户识别(IMSI)的寻呼，在TRXT单元中使用的MS终端以唯一的TRXT IMSI转换编程的。而且，TRXT测试可以在TRXT MS终端中无用户识别模块(SIM)卡运行。
关于GSM技术规范的其它例外是：通常在MS单元中发现的位置更新和IMSI连接/拆除过程从在TRXT单元中使用的MS中去掉，以便避免在归属位置寄存器(HLR)中寄存所有TRXT单元和与寄存有关的信令。当去掉连接/拆除过程时，必须小心以保证没有干扰其它业务功能引起TRXT功能不工作。
GSM技术规范的又一个例外是：在上行链路上不连续传输(DTX)不由TRXT单元使用，以便优化MS测量的准确性。总之，由于TRXT的要点是测试BS的部件，不希望中断TRXT传输，正如DTX的情况那样。最后，TRXT测试可在被阻挡的网孔的TRXT中运行。
构成为TCH的所有上行链路和下行链路时隙可利用TRXT单元进行测试。构成为广播控制信道(BCCH)以及独立的专用控制信道(SDCCH)的上行链路和下行链路时隙利用成功的TRXT测试内含地监视和检验。TRXT单元可在无跳频和跳频网孔二者中执行测试，该跳频包括基带跳频和合成跳频。
根据GSM 05.08技术规范的精度，TRXT单元测量和报告TRXT环路中的下行链路信号的信号强度和质量。当建立测试环路时，根据GSM05.05技术规范，TRXT单元10馈送具有该发送信号强度容限的信号给RXDA 62。根据GSM 12.11技术规范提供故障指示。这些GSM技术规范引用在这里供参考。
应该懂得，根据本发明的基于MS的TRXT单元起着有呼叫给它的移动站的作用。BTS设备根据实际TCH连接的信号强度和质量被监视。基于MS的TRXT单元提供比TRXT单元更直接的BTS设备能力检验以便连接和服务该网孔中的移动站，TRXT单元只评价对TRXT定义的测试图和环路。
根据本发明的基于MS的TRXT单元在进行测试时的时刻只占用一条TCH而不是如常规测试环路一样占用两条TCH。因此，利用基于MS的TRXT单元改善了在测试期间用于正常业务的该网孔的可用性。
经过根据用于开始TRXT测试的成功TCH指定的判定逻辑，根据本发明以基于MS的TRXT提供BTS硬件设备的连续监视而不妨碍无线电环境。TRXT测试与BTS硬件和软件独立地执行。TRXT测试单元可检测发射机或接收机链中的任何故障，这个故障导致信号强度或信号质量在一组区间外变化，并且TRXT测试单元可检测和正确定出不能连接和服务移动站的所有信道及相关的BTS设备。
虽然上面已说明申请人的发明的一个实施例，但是申请人的发明不限于这个特定的实施例。本申请考虑了落入由以下面的权利要求书所定义的申请人的发明的精神及范围内的任何及所有修改。

Claims (6)

1.一种在用于传递蜂窝业务的无线电基站中监视和测试无线电设备的方法，包括步骤：
在网孔的所有业务信道上建立移动站中的收发信机测试单元和收发信机基站之间的业务连接；和
在收发信机测试单元评价在所有空闲业务信道上的信号强度和误码率，其中如果信号强度和误码率在预定区间之外，则确定该无线电设备是故障的并在该基站中给出告警。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括禁止对收发信机测试单元的不连续的传输。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于还包括步骤：
评价网孔中的业务统计，其中如果评价业务统计为不正常，收发信机测试自动地开始并且在所有空闲业务信道上评价信号强度和误码率，而且如果信号强度和位误码率在预定区间之外，则确定该无线电设备为故障并且在该基站中给出告警。
4.一种监视和测试用于传递蜂窝业务的无线电基站中的无线电设备的系统，包括：
用于在网孔中的所有业务信道上建立移动站中收发信机测试单元与收发信机基站之间的业务连接的装置；和
在收发信机测试单元评价用于在所有空闲业务信道上的信号强度和误码率的装置，如果信号强度和位误码率在预定区间外，则确定该无线电设备是故障的，如果确定该无线电设备是故障的，在该基站中给出告警。
5.根据权利要求4的系统，还包括禁止对收发信机测试单元的不连续的传输的装置。
6.根据权利要求4的系统，还包括：
用于评价网孔中业务统计的装置，如果评价网孔中的业务统计为不正常，则自动地开始收发信机测试。
CN96194138A 1995-04-03 1996-03-20 用于蜂窝无线电的收发信机测试 Expired - Fee Related CN1099210C (zh)

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WO1996031988A1 (en) 1996-10-10
CN1185263A (zh) 1998-06-17

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