CN109919995A - A kind of afforestation project amount visualization auditing method - Google Patents
A kind of afforestation project amount visualization auditing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109919995A CN109919995A CN201910098089.2A CN201910098089A CN109919995A CN 109919995 A CN109919995 A CN 109919995A CN 201910098089 A CN201910098089 A CN 201910098089A CN 109919995 A CN109919995 A CN 109919995A
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- afforestation project
- nursery stock
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of afforestation project amounts to visualize auditing method, it passes sequentially through and obtains high-resolution orthography, unmanned plane image and design drawing fitting using unmanned plane aerophotogrammetry and carry out audit realization for different types of afforestation project, wherein, color is sketched the contours using different profiles and sketches the contours of the differential section afforested in range in greenery patches, difference operation is carried out by the area respectively to two parts, calculates the greenery area increase and decrease amount in practice of construction stage；Then using plot is divided first, successively different colours mark the nursery stock of different conditions to nursery stock strain tree in each plot again, and then count the increase and decrease amount of nursery stock quantity；Afforestation project amount visualization auditing method solves the problems, such as solve the audit of afforestation project amount, and whole process has figure on evidence, and result credibility is high；In addition, since this auditing method only needs the repugnancy between unmanned plane image and design drawing that identifies and audit, and then audit efficiency is enable to be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas field downhole operation technical field, in particular to a kind of afforestation project amount visualizes auditing party
Method.
Background technique
Afforestation project mainly includes the nursery stock planted in greenery patches and green based on grass.There are a spies for afforestation project
Point, that is, the vegetable material used cost is relatively low but area scale and quantity size it is larger.This has resulted in afforestation project amount
One situation difficult to extricate oneself from a most embarrassing situation of audit, detailed rules and regulations of auditing workload is too big, loses more than gain；It audited and was slightly then unable to reach at all
The purpose quantitatively audited.Currently, the audit of afforestation project amount is more extensive, qualitatively it is viewed as at the scene with control design drawing
Main, auditing result is subjective, confidence level is lower, be easy to cause between owner and unit in charge of construction and generates dispute.With nobody
The continuous maturation of machine aerophotogrammetry technology has obtained the cost of the high resolution image of a specific region using unmanned plane
Through very popular.Visualization audit based on unmanned plane image is conducive to crack the problem of afforestation project amount audit, and entire
Process has figure on evidence, and result credibility is high；In addition, since the unmanned plane image that only needs to identify and audit is different with design drawing
Place is caused, efficiency can be greatly improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of afforestation project amount realized based on unmanned plane aerophotogrammetry technology is visual
Change auditing method.
For this purpose, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of afforestation project amount visualization auditing method, steps are as follows:
S1, unmanned plane carry out gridding flight within the scope of afforestation project, and are used vertically downward using Airborne Camera
When obtaining multiple aerial photographs to shooting style of shooting constant duration, and recording the equal corresponding record of every aerial photograph and have shooting
Warp, the latitude coordinate at quarter；Wherein, longitudinal overlap >=70% of multiple aerial photographs, transverse overlap >=30% are complete to guarantee
Whole afforestation project ranges can be completely covered in portion's aerial photograph；
S2, whole aerial photographs that step S1 is obtained are cut out and are spliced, obtain the whole afforestation projects of a covering
The aerial photograph of range, and at least three control points are determined on this aerial photograph；
S3, it is found on the design drawing of the afforestation project and determines that number of control points and position are complete on aerial photograph
Consistent at least three control point, enable aerial photograph by translation, rotation and/or zoom operations enable control point thereon with
Control point on design drawing is overlapped one by one, and aerial photograph and design drawing form fitting；
It wherein, can also be on the basis of design drawing, even if design drawing passes through translation, rotation in above-mentioned steps S3
And/or zoom operations enable control point thereon that can be overlapped one by one with the control point on aerial photograph, such aerial photograph just with
Design drawing forms fitting；
S4, afforestation project audit:
When afforestation project is greenery patches, greening range is manually sketched the contours of on the aerial photograph for forming fitting with design drawing
The interior differentiated partial contour of tool, and use different profiles to sketch the contours color differentiation and be designed as greening part but lack the part that do not build
And it is designed to non-greening part but status be the part of greening, and then pass through the area progress difference fortune respectively to two parts
It calculates, calculates the greenery area increase and decrease amount in practice of construction stage；
When afforestation project is nursery stock strain tree, the aerial photograph for forming fitting with design drawing is divided into several first
Plot, in turn, using the nursery stock of the mark point difference mark different conditions of different colours, such as normal growth on each plot
State, lodging state, dead state, missing plantation state, other plants surrogate outcomes states etc., and then count each
The increase and decrease amount and growing state of intramassif nursery stock quantity.
It is preferred that in step sl, the highest flying height of unmanned plane is according to formula: H=f × GSD/a is calculated；Its
In, H is flying height, and f is the focal length of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard camera lens, and GSD is preset picture resolution, and a is Airborne Camera
Pixel Dimensions.
It is further preferred that when the afforestation project wait audit is greenery patches, picture resolution≤20cm；When afforestation project to be audited
When being set for nursery stock strain, picture resolution≤5cm.
Afforestation project amount visualization auditing method solves the problems, such as solve the audit of afforestation project amount, and whole process has
On evidence, result credibility is high for figure；In addition, since this auditing method only needs identify and audit unmanned plane image and design drawing
Between repugnancy, and then audit efficiency is enable to be greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of afforestation project amount of the invention visualizes auditing method flow chart；
Fig. 2 is unmanned plane and photo coverage area effect diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is schematic diagram of the aviation image with design drawing using control point fitting in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the grass green ground area verification result in residential quarters in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the residential quarters nursery stock strain book subregion verification result in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described further, but following embodiments are absolutely not to this hair
It is bright to have any restrictions.
The present embodiment further visualizes the afforestation project amount and examines by taking the audit to certain residential quarters afforestation project as an example
The implementation process of meter method is further described.
Step 1: aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle obtains high-resolution orthography:
In order to guarantee filmed image without missing, therefore by the residential quarters together with other two adjacent residential quarters together
It takes photo by plane；Unmanned plane uses electronic fixed-wing unmanned plane, carries NIKON D810 camera thereon；Specifically, camera is photosensitive
Component size is 35.9mm × 24mm, and Pixel Dimensions are 4.89 μm, and the pixel of images is 7360 × 4912, and camera is matched
The focal length of camera lens is 35mm；
Unmanned plane is shot using aerophotogrammetry technology, specifically, in the residential quarters together with adjacent another
Gridding flight is carried out in the regional scope of outer two residential quarters, and is shot using Airborne Camera using shooting vertically downward
Obtain multiple aerial photographs to mode constant duration, and record the equal corresponding record of every aerial photograph have shooting time warp,
Latitude coordinate；In order to guarantee that whole afforestation project ranges, the total flight two of unmanned plane can be completely covered in whole aerial photographs
Sortie, 4 air strips of each sortie are overlapped 1 air strips between two sorties, and final amount to obtains 200 aerial photographs；
As shown in Fig. 2, including greenery patches and nursery stock strain tree by afforesting type in this present embodiment, picture resolution is set as
≤ 5cm, therefore, highest flying height=35mm × 5cm/4.89 μm=358m of unmanned plane, actual set flying height is
225m, corresponding picture resolution are 3cm；Flying speed is set as 25m/s, and the time interval of corresponding photo acquisition is set as
2s, make unmanned plane it is adjacent take pictures twice when horizontal interval distance be 50m, guarantee unmanned plane acquisition aerial photograph meet
Longitudinal overlap >=70%；And between adjacent two air strips between be divided into 80m, the requirement of transverse overlap >=30%.
Step 2: obtaining Yi Zhangbao as shown in figure 3,200 aerial photographs that step 1 obtains are cut out and are spliced
Aerial photograph containing entire residential quarters range；Then, this aerial photograph is imported in ArcGIS software, since house is small
The shape in area is marked using the inflection point in four corners of cell enclosure wall as control point close to square, referring specifically to
8 control points marked in aerial photograph as shown in Figure 3: X1、 Y1、M1、N1、O1、P1And Q1；
Step 3: call the design drawing of the cell, as shown in figure 4, and import in ArcGIS software, due to enclosing for cell
Wall is built in strict accordance with design drawing, and the inflection point that 4 corners of cell enclosure wall are similarly found in design drawing is clicked through as control
Line flag, referring specifically to 8 control points marked in design drawing as shown in Figure 3: X2、Y2、M2、N2、O2、P2And Q2；
Using the Georeferencing tool in ArcGIS software, aerial photograph is grasped by translation, rotation and scaling
Make to make eight control point X on the coordinate system and aerial photograph of the two1、Y1、M1、N1、O1、P1And Q1Specific coordinate and design drawing
Eight control point X on paper2、Y2、M2、N2、O2、P2And Q2It corresponds and is overlapped, at this time between aerial photograph and design drawing
Closing operation is covered to complete；
Step 4: for the audit of the greenery area in residential quarters to be measured:
As shown in figure 4, manually being sketched the contours of on the aerial photograph for forming fitting with design drawing in greening range with poor
Other partial contour, and use different profiles to sketch the contours color differentiation and be designed as greening part but lack the part that do not build and design
At non-greening part but status is both difference types of part of greening；It should be noted that in order to clearly in Fig. 5
In represent different difference types, therefore in Fig. 5, useIndicate practical greenery patches and the design indiscriminate portion in greenery patches
Point, it usesIt indicates to be designed as greening part but lacks the part that do not build, useExpression be designed to non-greening part but
Status is the part of greening；
In turn, the area of two different difference type portions is calculated respectively using ArcGIS software, and utilization is poor
It is worth operation, calculates the greenery area increase and decrease amount in practice of construction stage；Specifically, according to calculation formula: S1=belong to and be designed as
Sum of all pixels × the picture resolution for including in the profile of greening part but the scarce part that do not build2It calculates and is designed as greening part
But lack the area S for the part that do not build1；Pass through calculation formula: S2=belong to and be designed to non-greening part but status be to afforest part
Sum of all pixels × the picture resolution for including in profile2It calculates for being designed to non-greening part but status be to afforest part
Area S2, accordingly, the greenery area in practice of construction stage increases decrement Δ S=S2-S1；If Δ S > 0, then it represents that practical greenery patches face
The greenery area of product relatively design increased, if Δ S < 0, then it represents that greenery area of the practical greenery area less than design.
By calculating, the greenery patches audit conclusion of the residential quarters is as follows: in the greenery patches in the residential quarters, being consistent with design
The a total of about 24180m of greenery area2, reduce area 339m2, increase area 1861m2, net increase area 1522m2, i.e. the house
The practical greenery area of cell increases by 6.2% compared with the greenery area in design drawing；Specifically, the northeast corner bottom commerce in design
It does not build, increases greenery area 1454.5m2；2 substations in southern side merge into 1 in design, increase greenery area
165m2；1 substation's area of north side increases in design, reduces greenery area 67m2；The shed for bicycle in No. 4 building southern side replaces
Cause original place greenery area to increase and other local greenery areas are reduced, the small corner 34m of one piece of No. 6 building north side2It does not afforest.
Step 5: for the audit of the nursery stock strain tree in residential quarters to be measured:
As shown in figure 5, the aerial photograph for forming fitting with design drawing, which is divided into A~L, first amounts to 12 plot, according to
Secondaryly, nursery stock is manually marked in the form for marking point on each plot, specifically, marking point using black indicates just
The nursery stock of normal state marks point using white and marks dead or missing nursery stock, and then is utilized respectively different color mark points
Count the increase and decrease amount of each intramassif nursery stock quantity.
Specific statistical result is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1:
According to the statistical result of table 1, the audit conclusion of the nursery stock strain tree of the residential quarters is as follows: dead or missing nursery stock
Quantity is 272, and newly-increased nursery stock quantity is 37, and the quantity compared to the nursery stock strain tree planned in design drawing reduces
235, the requirement of initial planning is not met.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of afforestation project amount visualizes auditing method, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
S1, unmanned plane carry out gridding flight within the scope of afforestation project, and using Airborne Camera using shooting vertically downward
Multiple aerial photographs are obtained to style of shooting constant duration, and record the equal corresponding record of every aerial photograph to have shooting time
Through, latitude coordinate；Wherein, longitudinal overlap >=70% of multiple aerial photographs, transverse overlap >=30%, to guarantee all boats
Whole afforestation project ranges can be completely covered by taking a picture；
S2, whole aerial photographs that step S1 is obtained are cut out and are spliced, obtain the whole afforestation project ranges of a covering
Aerial photograph, and on this aerial photograph determine at least three control points；
S3, it is found on the design drawing of the afforestation project and number of control points and position complete one determining on aerial photograph
At least three control points caused enable aerial photograph by translation, the control point of rotation and/or zoom operations order thereon and set
Control point on meter drawing is overlapped one by one, and aerial photograph and design drawing form fitting；
S4, afforestation project audit:
When afforestation project is greenery patches, manually sketches the contours of on the aerial photograph for forming fitting with design drawing and have in greening range
Differentiated partial contour, and use different profiles sketch the contours color distinguish i) be designed as greening part but lack the part do not built with
And ii) it is designed to non-greening part but status be the part of greening, and then by the area progress difference operation to two parts,
Calculate the greenery area increase and decrease amount in practice of construction stage；
When afforestation project is nursery stock strain tree, the aerial photograph for forming fitting with design drawing is divided into several ground first
Block in turn using the nursery stock of the mark point difference mark different conditions of different colours on each plot, and then counts each
The increase and decrease amount of a intramassif nursery stock quantity.
2. afforestation project amount according to claim 1 visualizes auditing method, which is characterized in that in step sl, nobody
The highest flying height of machine is according to formula: H=f × GSD/a is calculated；Wherein, H is flying height, and f is unmanned aerial vehicle onboard phase
The focal length of machine camera lens, GSD are preset picture resolution, and a is the Pixel Dimensions of Airborne Camera.
3. afforestation project amount according to claim 2 visualizes auditing method, which is characterized in that when greening work to be audited
When journey is greenery patches, picture resolution≤20cm；When the afforestation project wait audit is nursery stock strain tree, picture resolution≤5cm.
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