CN109917209B - Coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high-temperature condition - Google Patents
Coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high-temperature condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN109917209B CN109917209B CN201910251197.9A CN201910251197A CN109917209B CN 109917209 B CN109917209 B CN 109917209B CN 201910251197 A CN201910251197 A CN 201910251197A CN 109917209 B CN109917209 B CN 109917209B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high temperature conditions, wherein one embodiment of the device comprises the following components: a coaxial transmission line having an inner core and an outer conductor and a heating element for heating the coaxial transmission line; wherein a sample of the target material is disposed in the middle of the coaxial transmission line and between the inner core and the outer conductor; one end of the coaxial transmission line is electrically connected with a signal transmitting port of the measuring instrument, and the other end of the coaxial transmission line is electrically connected with a signal receiving port of the measuring instrument; the external conductor includes a high thermal conductive material portion and a low thermal conductive material portion; in a first neighborhood of the middle part of the coaxial transmission line, the thickness of the high heat conduction material part is larger than that of the low heat conduction material part; the high thermal conductivity material portion is less thick than the low thermal conductivity material portion in a second vicinity of the end of the coaxial transmission line. The embodiment can ensure that the two ends of the coaxial transmission line have lower temperature, so that the test cable connected with the measuring instrument is not damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic parameter measurement, in particular to a device for measuring electromagnetic parameter coaxial transmission lines of uniform materials under a high-temperature condition.
Background
Microwave dielectric materials have been widely used in microwave fields as electromagnetic wave media, and the measurement of electromagnetic parameters of microwave dielectric materials has important significance for the development of materials. The coaxial transmission line method is one of the most widely used methods in measuring electromagnetic parameters (e.g., permittivity, permeability) of a material. In the coaxial transmission line method, a ring-section sample is inserted between inner and outer conductors of a coaxial line. The operating frequency of the coaxial transmission line method can theoretically be reduced to 0 hz and can cover a wide frequency range. Compared with other measuring methods, the coaxial transmission line method has the advantages of wide frequency band, low working frequency, small size, simple sample processing and the like. However, the environment in which the material is used in the fields of national defense, industry, and medical treatment is often a high-temperature environment, and a change in temperature causes a change in the electromagnetic properties of the material, and thus a measurement device suitable for a normal temperature state is not suitable for a high-temperature state.
Although the coaxial transmission line method has the same measurement principle at high temperature as normal temperature, a new problem is introduced as the test temperature increases. The high-temperature coaxial transmission method needs to solve the following problems:
1. the sample cannot damage the coaxial transmission line during heating, so isolated heating, i.e. heating outside the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line, must be used to heat the sample by means of heat conduction.
2. The test cable connected to the two ends of the coaxial transmission line cannot resist high temperature, so that the temperature at the port of the test cable needs to be low enough, and the temperature at the two ends of the inner core of the coaxial transmission line directly connected with the inner core of the test cable needs to be reduced on the premise of not damaging the transmission line.
Therefore, the existing coaxial transmission line electromagnetic parameter measuring device cannot meet the high-temperature requirement, and a coaxial transmission line measuring device under the high-temperature condition is urgently needed to solve the problem of measuring the electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under the high-temperature condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to measure the electromagnetic parameters of the material under the high-temperature condition without damaging the coaxial transmission line and the test cable.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under a high-temperature condition.
The coaxial transmission line measuring device for the electromagnetic parameters of the uniform material under the high-temperature condition is used for being connected with a measuring instrument to measure the electromagnetic parameters of a target material under the high-temperature condition; the device comprises: a coaxial transmission line having an inner core and an outer conductor and a heating element for heating the coaxial transmission line; wherein a sample of the target material is disposed in the middle of the coaxial transmission line and between the inner core and the outer conductor; one end of the coaxial transmission line is electrically connected with a signal transmitting port of the measuring instrument, and the other end of the coaxial transmission line is electrically connected with a signal receiving port of the measuring instrument; the external conductor includes a high thermal conductive material portion and a low thermal conductive material portion; in a first neighborhood of the middle part of the coaxial transmission line, the thickness of the high heat conduction material part is larger than that of the low heat conduction material part; the high thermal conductivity material portion is less thick than the low thermal conductivity material portion in a second vicinity of the end of the coaxial transmission line.
Preferably, the longitudinal section of the high thermal conductivity material portion is: the length of the inner side bottom is larger than that of the outer side bottom, and the low heat conduction material part is positioned on two sides of the high heat conduction material part.
Preferably, the inner side of the outer conductor is further provided with a high-conductivity metal plating layer.
Preferably, the inner core comprises: the low heat conduction inner supporting rod and the high electric conductivity metal coating arranged on the outer surface of the low heat conduction inner supporting rod.
Preferably, the heating means includes: the electric heating wire, the heat preservation layer and the thermocouple are used for sensing temperature to control the temperature; wherein, the heating wire is arranged at the outer side of the high heat conduction material part in the middle of the coaxial transmission line.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises: the water cooling component is used for cooling two ends of the coaxial transmission line; wherein, the water cooling part includes: the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively arranged at one end of the coaxial transmission line and the other end of the coaxial transmission line.
Preferably, the first water inlet is located below the first water outlet, and the second water inlet is located below the second water outlet.
Preferably, the water cooling part further includes: a water pump for realizing water cycle.
In addition, the invention also provides an installation tool for installing the target material sample into the coaxial transmission line.
The installation tool of the embodiment of the invention can comprise: an end portion and a cylindrical rod portion for applying an external force; the rod part is provided with a cylindrical hole along the axis, and the rod part can be matched with the inner surface of the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line and is penetrated by the inner core of the coaxial transmission line; the outer surface of the rod part is provided with scales for indicating the length, and the length of the rod part is half of the length of the coaxial transmission line.
In addition, the invention also provides a disassembling tool for taking out the target material sample from the coaxial transmission line.
The removal tool of an embodiment of the invention may include: an end seat and a cylindrical long rod for external force application; the long rod is provided with a cylindrical hole along the axis, and the long rod can be matched with the inner surface of the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line and is penetrated by the inner core of the coaxial transmission line; the length of the long rod is equal to that of the coaxial transmission line.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the heating part is used for heating the coaxial transmission line at the outer side of the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line, so that the heat is conducted to the target material sample, and the coaxial transmission line cannot be damaged. In addition, the high heat conduction material part of the external conductor of the coaxial transmission line is designed to be larger in thickness at the middle part and smaller in thickness at the two ends, and the low heat conduction material part is designed to be smaller in thickness at the middle part and larger in thickness at the two ends (for example, the longitudinal section of the high heat conduction material part is designed to be trapezoidal, the length of the inner side bottom of the longitudinal section of the high heat conduction material part is larger than that of the outer side bottom of the longitudinal section of the high heat conduction material part), so that the conduction of temperature from the. Meanwhile, the inner core of the coaxial transmission line is provided with a low-heat-conduction inner support rod, and two ends of the coaxial transmission line are cooled by water cooling parts. Through the various arrangements, the temperature at two ends of the coaxial transmission line can be ensured to be reduced to a lower value (for example, reduced to below 60 ℃). Finally, the high-conductivity metal coatings are arranged on the inner side of the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line and the outer surface of the inner core, so that the measurement accuracy of the electromagnetic parameters can be improved. By means of the device, the electromagnetic parameter measurement of the uniform material at room temperature to 800 ℃ can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high temperature conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of a coaxial transmission line in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of a coaxial transmission line component in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high temperature conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high temperature conditions according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an installation tool configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a removal tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10-coaxial transmission line measuring device of uniform material electromagnetic parameter under high temperature condition, 11-coaxial transmission line, 12-heating component, 14-water cooling chamber, 20-measuring instrument, 30-remote computer, 40-testing cable, 50-sample, 60-mounting tool, 70-dismounting tool, 111-inner core of coaxial transmission line, 112-external conductor of coaxial transmission line, 121-heating wire, 122-thermocouple, 123-heat preservation layer, 131-first water inlet, 132-first water outlet, 133-second water inlet, 134-second water outlet, 141-power supply socket, 142-temperature control interface, 143-heat dissipation hole, 144-water pump mounting maintenance window, 601-end, 602-rod, 701-end seat, 702-long rod, 1121-high heat conduction material part, 1122-low heat conduction material part, 1123-test cable interface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high temperature conditions in the embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, a homogeneous material electromagnetic parameter coaxial transmission line measuring device 10 under high temperature conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention is used in connection with a measuring instrument 20 for measuring an electromagnetic parameter of a target material under high temperature conditions, and includes a coaxial transmission line 11 (see fig. 2 to 5) and a heating unit 12 for heating the coaxial transmission line 11 and a target material sample 50 (see fig. 3, which is generally installed at the center of the coaxial transmission line) installed inside the coaxial transmission line 11. In a specific application, two ends of the coaxial transmission line 11 can be electrically connected to the measuring instrument 20 through a test cable 40. Preferably, the test instrument 20 in the embodiment of the present invention can transmit and receive signals and analyze the signals, and it may be a single instrument (e.g., a vector network analyzer) or a combination of multiple instruments (e.g., a signal generator combined with a spectrometer), where one end of the coaxial transmission line 11 is electrically connected to a signal transmitting port of the measurement instrument 20 and the other end is electrically connected to a signal receiving port of the measurement instrument 20. In addition, the remote computer 30 can remotely control the measuring instrument 20 to perform the measuring operation, and can control the temperature of the heating component 12.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of the coaxial transmission line in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is another schematic diagram of the components of the coaxial transmission line in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the coaxial transmission line 11 has a central inner core 111 and an outer conductor 112, and a target material sample 50 may be located between the inner core 111 and the outer conductor 112 during the electromagnetic parameter measurement. In order to suppress the temperature conduction from the middle of the coaxial transmission line 11 to both ends, the inner core 111 may have a low thermal conductivity inner brace as a main body. Meanwhile, in order to improve the measurement accuracy of electromagnetic parameters, a high-conductivity metal coating can be arranged on the outer surface of the low-heat-conduction inner supporting rod. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, "low thermal conductivity", "high electrical conductivity", and the like are determined according to a preset strategy, and have definite meanings. For example, the preset policy may be: and determining the material with the thermal conductivity coefficient larger than the first threshold value as a high thermal conductive material, determining the material with the thermal conductivity coefficient smaller than the second threshold value as a low thermal conductive material, and determining the material with the electrical conductivity coefficient larger than the third threshold value as a high electrical conductivity material. In practical application, the low heat conduction material can be glass fiber, and the high heat conduction material can be titanium alloy, carbon alloy and the like, and if the highest working temperature is 800 ℃, the high-conductivity metal can be gold.
The outer conductor 112 of the coaxial transmission line 11 may include a high thermal conductivity material portion 1121 in the middle and a low thermal conductivity material portion 1122 near both ends, and the low thermal conductivity material portion 1122 may be designed as a test cable interface 1123 at the ends. In order to effectively suppress the temperature from being conducted from the middle portion to both ends while ensuring the heating effect of the middle portion of the coaxial transmission line 11, the following arrangement may be made: in a first vicinity of the middle of the coaxial transmission line 11, the high thermal conductive material portion 1121 is thicker than the low thermal conductive material portion 1122; in a second vicinity of the end of the coaxial transmission line 11, the high thermal conductivity material portion 1121 is smaller in thickness than the low thermal conductivity material portion 1122. Here, the middle of the coaxial transmission line 11 refers to a space that surrounds the center point of the coaxial transmission line 11 and is determined according to a preset rule. The first neighborhood and the second neighborhood are adjacent spaces determined according to a preset rule, for example, the first neighborhood may be a space having a distance from the middle of the coaxial transmission line 11 smaller than a preset distance, and the second neighborhood may be a space having a distance from the end of the coaxial transmission line 11 smaller than a preset length. With the above arrangement, the thickness of the high thermal conductive material portion 1121 can be gradually reduced from the middle to both ends of the coaxial transmission line 11, and the thickness of the low thermal conductive material portion 1122 can be gradually increased from the middle to both ends, thereby suppressing conduction of heat from the middle to both ends, contributing to control of the temperature at both ends of the coaxial transmission line 11, and ensuring that the test cable 40 connected to the coaxial transmission line 11 is not damaged by high temperature.
Preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, a longitudinal cross section (i.e., a cross section along an extending direction of the coaxial transmission line 11) of the high thermal conductive material portion 1121 may be configured to be a trapezoid, a length of an inner bottom (i.e., a bottom of the trapezoid inside the coaxial transmission line 11) of the trapezoid is greater than a length of an outer bottom (i.e., a bottom of the trapezoid outside the coaxial transmission line 11), and the low thermal conductive material portion 1122 is located at two sides of the high thermal conductive material portion 1121. This can further suppress the conduction of the heat of the middle portion to the end portions. In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of the electromagnetic parameter measurement, a high-conductivity metal plating layer may be provided inside the outer conductor 112.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a structure of a coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high temperature conditions in an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is another schematic view of a structure of a coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high temperature conditions in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a heating element 12 is located outside a coaxial transmission line 11 for heating. The heating part 12 may include: a heating wire 121 for supplying heat, an insulation layer 123 for keeping warm, and a thermocouple 122 for sensing temperature for temperature control. Wherein the heating wire 121 is disposed outside the high thermal conductive material portion 1121 at the middle of the coaxial transmission line 11. In practical applications, the heating member 12 further has a housing for accommodating the heating wire 121, the insulating layer 123 and the thermocouple 122, and the heating member as configured above may be a clam type high temperature furnace.
As a preferable solution, the device 10 for measuring an electromagnetic parameter of a uniform material under a high temperature condition according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a water cooling component for cooling two ends of the coaxial transmission line 11. Wherein, the water cooling part includes: a water pump (not shown in the figure) for realizing water circulation, a first water inlet 131 and a first water outlet 132 provided at one end of the coaxial transmission line 11, and a second water inlet 133 and a second water outlet 134 provided at the other end of the coaxial transmission line 11. In specific application, the first water inlet 131 can be arranged below the first water outlet 132, and the second water inlet 133 can be arranged below the second water outlet 134, so that water flow can penetrate through the outer wall of the coaxial transmission line 11 under the action of gravity, and the cooling effect is improved.
In a specific application scenario, the device 10 for measuring the electromagnetic parameter of the uniform material coaxial transmission line under the high temperature condition according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include a water-cooling chamber 14 for storing cooling water. It will be appreciated that water can enter the first and second water inlets 131, 133 from the water-cooled compartment 14, and that water from the first and second water outlets 132, 134 can return to the water-cooled compartment 14. The water cooling compartment 14 has a housing, a power supply socket 141 for supplying power to the water pump, the heating wire 121, and the like is disposed on the housing, a heat dissipation hole 143, a water pump installation maintenance window 144, and a temperature control interface 142 are further disposed on the housing, and the water pump is installed in the housing. It is understood that the remote computer 30 can control the heating temperature of the heating wires 121 through the temperature control interface 142.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an installation tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a removal tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the installation tool 60 according to the embodiment of the present invention is used to install the target material sample 50 into the coaxial transmission line 11. The installation tool 60 may include: an end 601 for external application of force and a cylindrical stem 602. The length of the rod 602 is half of the length of the coaxial transmission line 11, and the rod 602 is provided with a cylindrical hole along the axis, and the cylindrical hole can be matched with the inner surface of the outer conductor 112 of the coaxial transmission line 11 and penetrated by the inner core 111 of the coaxial transmission line 11. The outer surface of the shaft 602 is also provided with a scale indicating the length. When installing the sample, the installation tool 60 is used to push the sample 50 into the middle of the coaxial transmission line 11 from one end of the coaxial transmission line 11, and the scale corresponding to the final installation position is half of the sample width (i.e. the length of the sample in the extending direction of the coaxial transmission line 11), and the sample 50 is in the middle of the coaxial transmission line 11. The cross-section of the mounting tool 60 is the same as that of the sample 50, which ensures that the sample 50 is uniformly stressed during mounting and thus protects the sample shape.
The removal tool 70 of the present embodiment is used to remove the target material sample 50 from the coaxial transmission line 11. The removal tool 70 may include: an end seat 701 for applying external force and a cylindrical long rod 702; the length of the long rod 702 is equal to that of the coaxial transmission line 11, and the long rod 702 is provided with a cylindrical hole along the axis, which can be matched with the inner surface of the outer conductor 112 of the coaxial transmission line 11 and penetrated by the inner core 111 of the coaxial transmission line 11. In use, the removal tool 70 may be inserted into the coaxial transmission line 11 to push the sample 50 out directly.
During actual test, firstly, the above components are installed, then, a remote computer 30 is used for setting parameters such as test frequency, point number and the like, the heating component 12 is controlled by temperature control software to be heated to a test temperature, then, full-dual-port calibration of coaxial transmission lines is carried out under a high temperature condition, then, an installation tool 60 is used for installing a target material sample 50, after the temperature is stabilized, software in the remote computer 30 is used for executing electromagnetic parameter measurement and calculation, after the measurement is completed, a detaching tool 70 is used for taking out the sample, and a top cover of the heating component 12 is opened for cooling.
In summary, in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the heating element is used to heat the coaxial transmission line outside the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line, so as to conduct heat to the target material sample, and thus the coaxial transmission line is not damaged. In addition, the high-heat-conduction material part of the external conductor of the coaxial transmission line is designed to be larger in thickness at the middle part and smaller in thickness at the two ends, and the low-heat-conduction material part is designed to be smaller in thickness at the middle part and larger in thickness at the two ends, so that the middle heating effect of the coaxial transmission line can be ensured, and meanwhile, the temperature can be effectively inhibited from being conducted from the middle part to the two ends. Meanwhile, the inner core of the coaxial transmission line is provided with a low-heat-conduction inner support rod, and two ends of the coaxial transmission line are cooled by water cooling parts. Through above-mentioned multiple setting, can ensure that coaxial transmission line both ends temperature drops to lower numerical value. Finally, the high-conductivity metal coatings are arranged on the inner side of the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line and the outer surface of the inner core, so that the measurement accuracy of the electromagnetic parameters can be improved. By means of the device, the electromagnetic parameter measurement of the uniform material at room temperature to 800 ℃ can be realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coaxial transmission line measuring device for electromagnetic parameters of uniform materials under high temperature conditions is used for being connected with a measuring instrument to measure the electromagnetic parameters of target materials under the high temperature conditions; the device comprises: a coaxial transmission line having an inner core and an outer conductor and a heating element for heating the coaxial transmission line;
wherein a sample of the target material is disposed in the middle of the coaxial transmission line and between the inner core and the outer conductor;
one end of the coaxial transmission line is electrically connected with a signal transmitting port of the measuring instrument, and the other end of the coaxial transmission line is electrically connected with a signal receiving port of the measuring instrument;
wherein the external conductor includes a high thermal conductivity material portion and a low thermal conductivity material portion; in a first neighborhood of the middle part of the coaxial transmission line, the thickness of the high heat conduction material part is larger than that of the low heat conduction material part; the high thermal conductivity material portion is less thick than the low thermal conductivity material portion in a second vicinity of the end of the coaxial transmission line.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal section of the portions of high thermal conductivity material is: the length of the inner side bottom is larger than that of the outer side bottom, and the low heat conduction material part is positioned on two sides of the high heat conduction material part.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the inner side of the outer conductor is further provided with a high conductivity metal plating.
4. The device of claim 3, wherein the inner core comprises: the low heat conduction inner supporting rod and the high electric conductivity metal coating arranged on the outer surface of the low heat conduction inner supporting rod.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the heating component comprises: the electric heating wire, the heat preservation layer and the thermocouple are used for sensing the temperature to control the temperature; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the heating wire is arranged on the outer side of the high heat conduction material part in the middle of the coaxial transmission line.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising: the water cooling component is used for cooling two ends of the coaxial transmission line; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the water-cooling part includes: the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively arranged at one end of the coaxial transmission line and the other end of the coaxial transmission line.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the first water inlet is located below the first water outlet and the second water inlet is located below the second water outlet.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the water cooling part further comprises: a water pump for realizing water cycle.
9. An installation tool for installing a sample of a target material into the coaxial transmission line according to any one of claims 1-8, the installation tool comprising: an end portion and a cylindrical rod portion for applying an external force;
the rod part is provided with a cylindrical hole along the axis, and the rod part can be matched with the inner surface of the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line and is penetrated by the inner core of the coaxial transmission line; the outer surface of the rod part is provided with scales for indicating the length, and the length of the rod part is half of the length of the coaxial transmission line.
10. A removal tool for removing a target material sample from a coaxial transmission line according to any one of claims 1-8, the removal tool comprising: an end seat and a cylindrical long rod for external force application; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the long rod is provided with a cylindrical hole along the axis, and the long rod can be matched with the inner surface of the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line and is penetrated by the inner core of the coaxial transmission line; the length of the long rod is equal to that of the coaxial transmission line.
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