CN109916794A - The lossless detection method of porosity of porous material based on industry CT - Google Patents
The lossless detection method of porosity of porous material based on industry CT Download PDFInfo
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- CN109916794A CN109916794A CN201711328194.8A CN201711328194A CN109916794A CN 109916794 A CN109916794 A CN 109916794A CN 201711328194 A CN201711328194 A CN 201711328194A CN 109916794 A CN109916794 A CN 109916794A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of porosity detection methods based on industrial C Porous materials, the DR image of porous exemplar is specially obtained using industrial CT scan, then the threedimensional model of porous material is rebuild, the total volume and pore volume that porous material is obtained by VGStudio MX software, obtain the porosity of sample by formula pore volume/sample volume x100%.
Description
Technical field:
The invention of this reality is related to a kind of porosity detection method of porous material, more particularly to the porous material based on industry CT
The lossless detection method of porosity.
Background technique:
Porous material is as a kind of new engineering material haveing excellent performance for having both function and structure double attribute, in metallurgy
The industries such as machinery, petrochemical industry, energy environment protection, defence and military, nuclear technology and bio-pharmaceuticals, medical instrument have obtained wide hair and have answered
With.Such as porous material can be used for energy-absorbing damping, sound-deadening and noise-reducing, such as be used for the impingement baffle of automobile, be used as sound filter；Porous material
It can be used for that gas or liquid are filtered and are separated, to reach the purification and centrifugation of medium；Porous material can be used for
Heat exchanger, efficiency are very high；Porous material such as POROUS TITANIUM, porous tantalum, porous hydroxyapatite etc. can be used as biomaterial, such as people
Work bone, tooth etc.；Porous ceramics can be used as catalyst converter carrier, to promote to react；Rigid polyurethane foam can be used as heat-insulated
Thermal insulation material is widely used in building energy conservation；Polymer foams are used as the shell that antenna house and radio emit.
The performance of porous material especially porous metal material and the structural parameters in its hole, such as porosity, aperture, aperture point
The most basic parameter such as cloth, pore appearance, specific surface area has direct relationship.Wherein the porosity of porous metals is these again
Important indicator in basic parameter is to describe the most basic feature of its microstructure, is to study its internal structure and control its ruler
Very little stable important parameter directly affects its a variety of physical and chemical performance.
In the prior art, the porosity for detecting porous material has following several method: one, high pressure press pump method is to pass through
Measurement applies the amount of the pump entered in porous material when different pressures to be characterized, micro- due to that will be pumped into high pressure press pump method
Very big pressure is needed in pore hole, there may come a time when to crush detected materials；Two, nitrogen adsorption methods, by measuring different pressures
The adsorbance of lower material for gaseous obtains absorption isotherm, and the hole of material, but the party are calculated using mathematical model appropriate
Method is only applicable to measurement aperture, and closed pore is then unable to measure；Three, scanning electron microscope method is shot more using scanning electron microscope
The SEM image of Porous materials, and obtained photo is opened and handled with image processing module, select suitable processing method to carry out
Parameter setting, and finally determine obtain as a result, still this method is only capable of testing the exemplar of small size, or for body
The biggish sample of product carries out local sampling test, and the porosity of material that this method obtains is inaccurate and accurate.
Industry CT is that (industrial computerized tomography) refers to the nuclear imaging being applied in industry
Technology.The basic principle is that decrease and absorption characteristic according to radiation in object to be detected.Absorption sheet of the commaterial to radiation
It leads related with physical property.So gone out using radionuclide or other radiation emissions, it is with certain energy and intensity
X-ray or gamma-rays, attenuation law and distribution situation in object to be detected, it is possible to be displayed by detector and obtain object
Internal details are finally used computer information processing and Image Reconstruction Technology, are shown with image format.Industry CT is wide
It is general to apply in industrial fields such as automobile, material, railway, space flight, aviation, military project, national defence, for space transporter and airship and too
The succeeding in sending up of empty aircraft, the development of aero-engine, large-scale weapon system are examined and test, geologic structure analysis, railway
The important technical that vehicle speed and heavy load safety, petroleum reserves prediction, mechanical product quality judgement etc. provide.
But people so far, is also found no to detect the Pore genesis of porous tantalum using industry CT, to find out its cause,
The application for first consisting in porous tantalum is not also extensive, and existing tantalum is applied in fields such as electronics, metallurgy, steel, chemical industry more, such as tantalum electricity
Appearance, tantalum ingot, tantalum powder etc., these products are mainly using the fusing point of tantalum is high, steam forces down, cold-forming property is good, chemical stability
The advantages that high, anti-liquid metal corrosion ability is strong, surface film oxide dielectric constant is big.But tantalum is not fabricated to more by these products
It is poroid.So not leaving the detection to the Pore genesis of tantalum yet.Next is have extremely least a portion of researcher will be more at present
Poroid tantalum is used in medical field, but only laboratory lab scale stage really promotes, and the hole of tantalum is detected
Also and research undeployed, detected only with the existing method for testing other porous materials, however as aforementioned described,
Existing detection method other than damaging, it is inaccurate or accurate there are also testing result the defects of, and can be accurately or precisely
The Pore genesis of detection porous tantalum is applied to have great necessity in medical field.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of accurate and non-destructive testing porosity of porous material methods.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented as follows: the porosity of porous material based on industry CT it is lossless
Detection method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: starting industry CT apparatus system；
Step 2: sheet metal is covered in the transmitting X-ray exit of industrial CT system；
Step 3: workpiece to be scanned is placed on the turntable center of industry CT and is fixed, by the ray of industry CT
Switch is opened, and X-ray is emitted；
Step 4: industry CT turntable is rotated a circle, and holding X-ray is emission state, is grasped from industry CT Control Software
Make that the window ranges for whether having exceeded the interface in rotary course to surface sweeping workpiece profile observed in interface, is judged as YES, then sweeps
The process of retouching has dependent projections data to receive range beyond detector, and reconstruction failure executes step 5；It is judged as NO, executes step
Six；
Step 5: by the control program in industry CT Control Software, before adjusting workpiece to be scanned along X-ray direction
Coordinate position afterwards executes step 4；
Step 6: setting tube voltage, tube current, the time of integration, focus mode and projection number, industry CT enter to be scanned
Workpiece scanning mode；
Step 7: stopping transmitting X-ray after the end of scan, carries out image weight to scanning workpiece by industry CT reconstruction software
Structure, the workpiece threedimensional model after obtaining reconstruct, the extraction of volume parameter is carried out by software to the image after reconstruct, analyzes hole
Volume and sample volume, and pass through the porosity of formula (pore volume/sample volume x100%) acquisition sample.
Preferably, if industry CT interval 24 hours or more is not keyed up in step 1, instruction machine processing, input time are carried out
(shutting down number of days), and system is selected to instruct machine automatically.
To further increase accuracy, sheet metal described in step 2 be a piece of or several with a thickness of 0.2-4mm aluminium,
Iron, copper, tin and/or tantalum sheet metal be formed by stacking.
Complete DR image is obtained to be further ensured that, exemplar is fixed in turntable using fixed device in step 3
The heart, so that the beam centre of industry CT, sample center and detector center are located at same straight line.
To further avoid the shake of exemplar in the detection process, the turntable includes the locating clip that lower part is arranged in
Tool, the positioning fixture are fixed on three-dimensional moving device top, erecting bed are vertically fixed by the positioning fixture, described
Erecting bed end face center places the exemplar.
To further avoid the shake of exemplar in the detection process, the positioning fixture is three to grab fixture or four grab fixture,
The erecting bed is light-weight cylindrical, and the exemplar is fixed on the light-weight cylindrical top surface by light flexible part.
To further increase detection accuracy, the material of the light-weight cylindrical is organic glass, plastics or foam.
Further to submit detection accuracy, the flexible piece is carbon fiber or resin material.
Preferably, the pore volume is added up by pore volume of the software to different location, obtains pore volume.
In the present invention, porosity refers to the three-dimensional pore space rate of sample, specially pore volume and sample total volume it
Than；Percent opening refers to the ratio between open volume and sample total volume；Rate of closed hole refers to the ratio between closed pore volume and sample total volume.
Tube voltage and tube current refer to the voltage and current of the radiographic source of industry CT, select suitable tube voltage and tube current
It can ensure signal noise ratio (snr) of image quality requirement, to guarantee to obtain the higher scan image of quality.And general industry CT has
At least two focal spot sizes (focus mode), refer to the size of radiographic source starting point.The time of integration refers to one pair two of scanning
Time needed for dimension projection, projection number refer to that one week number scanned of sample rotates, that is, final resulting two dimension are thrown
The number of shadow visits the size that elemental size refers to the minimum display unit on the detector of industry CT.The meaning of all of above parameter
It is known to the technical staff in existing field.
The utility model has the advantages that
Using lossless detection method of the invention, the lossless of porosity can be carried out to large volume of porous material exemplar
Test, obtained result are accurate and accurate.
In addition, porosity detection method of the invention is particularly suitable for the biggish porous metals of density, the especially gold such as tantalum
Belong to, tantalum atom ordinal number is 73, is not easy to be penetrated by ray, and the arrangement of its internal holes is uneven, is not easy to measure its porosity, at present also
Do not find that any effective method can accurately detect the Pore genesis of porous tantalum material, detection through the invention
Method, can the porosity to porous tantalum material accurately detect.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the outside drawing of sample 1# in embodiment 1；
The distribution of pores figure that Fig. 2 is sample 1# (wherein abscissa is aperture, and ordinate is hole number)；
Fig. 3 is the outside drawing of sample 2# in embodiment 2；
The distribution of pores figure that Fig. 4 is sample 2# (wherein abscissa is aperture, and ordinate is hole number)；
Fig. 5 is the structure diagram of three chucking chuck；
Fig. 6 is four structure diagrams for grabbing chuck；
The flow chart of Fig. 7 this method.
Specific embodiment:
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but the present invention does not limit to
In these embodiments, any improvement or replacement on the present embodiment essence spirit still falls within the claims in the present invention and is wanted
Seek the range of protection.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Fig. 1,2,5,6 and 7, the present embodiment is detected to sample 1# as shown in Figure 1, sample
1# is a medical porous tantalum implantation piece, which is column, and length 80mm, diameter is φ 10mm, and in the plant
The tail end for entering part is provided with external screw thread.
Using the present embodiment method detected before, first choose a complete sample 1#, using industry CT to its into
Row detection, the industry CT that the present embodiment uses is 600kV/225kV double source industrial DR/CT imaging system.The device is existing city
It can purchase on field, the industry CT in the present embodiment is purchased from China Engineering Physics Research Institute, and important technological parameters are as follows:
| Detection mode | Standard scan |
| Focal spot size | Routine≤0.4mm, it is micro-≤6 μm |
| Penetrate maximum equivalent steel thickness | 60mm |
| Diameter of work can be examined | ≤500mm |
| Image quality indicator sensitivity | Better than 1.5% |
| Micro-CT scanning maximum amplification ratio | 200 |
| Conventional CT spatial resolution | >=3Lp/mm (is examined and determine) by GJB5312 |
| Micro-imaging resolving power | ≤ 6 μm (test of Jimma card) |
| Density resolution | ≤ 0.8% (being examined and determine by GJB5312) |
| Sweep time | Cone-beam minimum sweep time 200s |
| Image reconstruction times | Rebuild 10243Time≤200s (scan rebuilding is synchronous to carry out) |
| CT reconstruction image matrix | 512 × 512~4096 × 4096 |
| Environment | Temperature: 25 DEG C of humidity: 60% |
Specific detecting step is as follows:
Step 1: starting industry CT apparatus system carries out instruction machine processing to industry CT ray tube；
Wherein, if industry CT interval 24 hours or more is not keyed up, instruction machine processing is carried out, input time shuts down number of days, and
Selection system instructs machine automatically.If industry CT had booting in 24 hours, without instructing machine.
Step 2: sheet metal is covered in the transmitting X-ray exit of industrial CT system, the sheet metal of 2mm can be placed, still
The sheet metal is formed by stacking using the Cu of the Ta and 2mm of 0.5mm in the present embodiment, and total 2.5mm is thick.
Step 3: being placed on the turntable center in lead room for sample 1#, wherein sample 1# is used vertical mode, makes it
Threaded portion is located at lower end, then sample 1# is fastened at turntable center using the adhesive tape of resin material, and make work
Beam centre, sample center and the detector center of industry CT is located at same straight line；Be then log out lead room, confirm in lead room nobody and
Lead door is closed；
Wherein, the turntable is the top surface of perspex bar, and the turntable is grabbed by three chucking chuck (Fig. 5) or four
Chuck (Fig. 6) is fixed in three-dimensional mobile platform, the three-dimensional mobile platform be existing roller belt mechanism, cylinder, electric cylinders,
Hydraulic cylinder, leadscrew-nut mechanism etc. are constituted.
Step 4: industry CT turntable is done 360 ° of rotations after finishing by parameter adjustment, and holding X-ray is emission state,
Whether workpiece profile to be scanned has exceeded the window at the interface in rotary course from industry CT Control Software operation interface
Range is judged as YES, then scanning process has dependent projections data to receive range beyond detector, and reconstruction failure executes step 5；
It is judged as NO, executes step 6；
Step 5: by the turning table control program in industry CT Control Software, before adjusting sample 1# along X-ray direction
Coordinate position afterwards executes step 4；
By adjusting final determining sample 1# is FOD430mm, FDD1450mm along the front and rear coordinate position in X-ray direction.
Step 6: setting sweep parameter, tube voltage 500kV, tube current 1.4mA, focal spot size 0.4mm；The time of integration
1500ms visits elemental size 0.2x0.2mm, projects number 1000 times, so that industry CT enters sample 1# scanning mode to be scanned；
Step 7: stopping transmitting X-ray after the end of scan, carries out image weight to sample 1# by industry CT reconstruction software
Structure, the sample 1# threedimensional model after obtaining reconstruct carry out volume by the image after 3.0 pairs of software VGStudio MAX reconstruct
The extraction of parameter analyzes pore volume and sample volume, and obtains sample by formula (pore volume/sample volume x100%)
Porosity.
The pore volume is added up by pore volume of the VGStudio MAX 3.0 to different location, obtains hole
Volume.Fig. 2 is shown in for the distribution of pores figure of sample 1#.
According to the distribution of pores of sample 1#, all pore volumes are added up, obtain pore volume, and according to extraction
Sample volume, test concrete outcome it is as follows:
The Pore genesis of 1 sample 1# of table
The two-dimentional porosity of 2 sample 1# of table calculates
Pore volume/sample volume x100% is arrived to the porosity of sample 1#.The mean porosities are computational chart
Average two-dimentional porosity in 2.
The test result of 3 sample 1# of table
Wherein, 3.0 software of VGStudio MAX is existing commercially available product, in the present embodiment
3.0 software of VGStudio MAX is purchased from Volume Graphics company, Germany.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Fig. 3,4,5 and 6: the present embodiment is detected to sample 2# as shown in Figure 3, sample 2#
It is similarly medical porous tantalum implantation block, which is column, and length 10mm, diameter is φ 10mm.
Before the method using the present embodiment is detected, complete sample 2# is first chosen, use is same as Example 1
Industry CT.
Specific detecting step is as follows:
Step 1: starting industry CT apparatus system carries out instruction machine processing to industry CT ray tube；
Wherein, if industry CT interval 24 hours or more is not keyed up, instruction machine processing is carried out, input time shuts down number of days, and
Selection system instructs machine automatically.If industry CT had booting in 24 hours, without instructing machine.
Step 2: sheet metal is covered in the transmitting X-ray exit of industrial CT system, the sheet metal of 2mm can be placed, still
In the present embodiment, the sheet metal is formed by stacking using the Fe of the Ta and 2mm of 0.5mm, and total 2.5mm is thick.
Step 3: being placed on the turntable center in lead room for sample 2#, wherein sample 2# is used vertical mode, then
Sample 1# is fastened at turntable center using the adhesive tape of resin material, and makes the beam centre of industry CT, in sample
The heart and detector center are located at same straight line, are then log out lead room, confirm that nobody and lead door are closed in lead room；
Wherein, the turntable is the top surface of perspex bar, and the turntable is grabbed by three chucking chuck (Fig. 5) or four
Chuck (Fig. 6) is fixed in three-dimensional mobile platform, the three-dimensional mobile platform be existing roller belt mechanism, cylinder, electric cylinders,
Hydraulic cylinder, leadscrew-nut mechanism etc. are constituted.
Step 4: industry CT turntable is done 360 ° of rotations after finishing by parameter adjustment, and holding X-ray is emission state,
Whether workpiece profile to be scanned has exceeded the window at the interface in rotary course from industry CT Control Software operation interface
Range is judged as YES, then scanning process has dependent projections data to receive range beyond detector, and reconstruction failure executes step 5；
It is judged as NO, executes step 6；
Step 5: by the turning table control program in industry CT Control Software, before adjusting sample 2# along X-ray direction
Coordinate position afterwards executes step 4；
Step 6: setting sweep parameter, acceleration voltage 500kV, electric current 1.4mA, focal spot size 0.4mm；The time of integration
1500ms visits elemental size 0.2mm, projects number 1000 times, and industry CT enters sample 2# scanning mode to be scanned；
Step 7: stopping transmitting X-ray after the end of scan, carries out image weight to sample 2# by industry CT reconstruction software
Structure, the sample 2# threedimensional model after obtaining reconstruct carry out volume by the image after 3.0 pairs of software VGStudio MAX reconstruct
The extraction of parameter analyzes pore volume and sample volume, and obtains sample by formula (pore volume/sample volume x100%)
Porosity.The pore volume is added up by pore volume of the VGStudio MAX 3.0 to different location, obtains hole
Gap volume.For distribution of pores graph Fig. 2 of sample 2#.According to the distribution of pores of sample 2#, all pore volumes are carried out tired
Add, obtain pore volume, and according to the sample volume of extraction, specific test result is as follows；
The Pore genesis of 4 sample 2# of table
The two-dimentional porosity of 5 sample 2# of table calculates
Pore volume/sample volume x100% is arrived to the porosity of sample 2#.Concrete outcome is as follows:
The test result of 6 sample 2# of table
Wherein, 3.0 software of VGStudio MAX in the present embodiment is consistent with embodiment 1.
Claims (9)
1. the lossless detection method of the porosity of porous material based on industry CT, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: starting industry CT apparatus system；
Step 2: sheet metal is covered in the transmitting X-ray exit of industrial CT system；
Step 3: workpiece to be scanned is placed on the turntable center of industry CT and is fixed, by the beam switch of industry CT
It opens, emits X-ray；
Step 4: industry CT turntable is rotated a circle, and holding X-ray is emission state, operates boundary from industry CT Control Software
It observes the window ranges whether workpiece profile to be scanned in rotary course has exceeded the interface in face, is judged as YES, then it is scanned
Journey has dependent projections data to receive range beyond detector, and reconstruction failure executes step 5；It is judged as NO, executes step 6；
Step 5: it by the control program in industry CT Control Software, adjusts workpiece to be scanned and is sat along the front and back in X-ray direction
Cursor position executes step 4；
Step 6: setting tube voltage, tube current, the time of integration, focus mode and projection number, industry CT enter workpiece to be scanned
Scanning mode；
Step 8: stopping transmitting X-ray after the end of scan, carries out image reconstruction to scanning workpiece by industry CT reconstruction software,
Workpiece threedimensional model after obtaining reconstruct carries out the extraction of volume parameter by software to the image after reconstruct, analyzes pore-body
Long-pending and sample volume, and obtain by formula (pore volume/sample volume obtains) x100% the porosity of sample.
2. lossless detection method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: if industry CT interval 24 hours or more in step 1
It is not keyed up, then carries out instruction machine processing, input time shuts down number of days, and system is selected to instruct machine automatically.
3. the lossless detection method as described in any of the above-described claim, it is characterised in that: sheet metal described in step 2 is
It is a piece of or several are formed by stacking with a thickness of 0.2-4mm selected from the sheet metal of aluminium, iron, copper, tin and/or tantalum.
4. the lossless detection method as described in any of the above-described claim, it is characterised in that: using fixed device in step 3
Exemplar is fixed on turntable center, so that the beam centre of industry CT, sample center and detector center are located at same straight line.
5. lossless detection method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the turntable includes the positioning that lower part is arranged in
Fixture, the positioning fixture are fixed on three-dimensional moving device top, erecting bed are vertically fixed by the positioning fixture, in institute
It states erecting bed end face center and places the exemplar.
6. lossless detection method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: the positioning fixture is three to grab fixture or four grab folder
Tool, the erecting bed are light-weight cylindrical, and the exemplar is fixed on the light-weight cylindrical top surface by lightweight part.
7. lossless detection method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: the material of the light-weight cylindrical is organic glass
Glass, plastics or foam.
8. lossless detection method as claimed in claims 6 or 7, it is characterised in that: the lightweight part is carbon fiber or resinous wood
Matter.
9. the lossless detection method as described in any of the above-described claim, it is characterised in that: the pore volume passes through software
It adds up to the pore volume of different location, obtains pore volume.
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Application publication date: 20190621 |