CN104634795A - Environmental pore pressure probe capable of effectively detecting heavy metal elements in deep soil body - Google Patents
Environmental pore pressure probe capable of effectively detecting heavy metal elements in deep soil body Download PDFInfo
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- CN104634795A CN104634795A CN201410795297.5A CN201410795297A CN104634795A CN 104634795 A CN104634795 A CN 104634795A CN 201410795297 A CN201410795297 A CN 201410795297A CN 104634795 A CN104634795 A CN 104634795A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environmental pore pressure probe capable of effectively detecting heavy metal elements in a deep soil body. An analog to digital converter (2) is arranged at the top of an upper half section of a probe and is connected with a coaxial cable (1) which is used for transferring signals and data, the lower part of the analog to digital converter (2) is connected with a pre-amplifier (3), the lower side of the pre-amplifier (3) is connected with an element detection component (4), and a thin-walled stainless steel window (5) is formed in the side wall of the probe corresponding to the element detection component (4); and a three-component seismic geophone (6) is arranged at a lower half section of the probe, a clinometer (7) is arranged at the lower part of the three-component seismic geophone (6), a friction drum (8) is positioned below the clinometer, a pore water pressure sensor (9) is arranged at the middle part of the friction drum (8), the lower side of the friction drum is connected with a cone probe (11), and a pore pressure filter ring (10) is positioned at a connecting part between the friction drum and the cone probe. The probe disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of wide detection range, safety, high speed, accuracy and economic performance, and can be used for providing a powerful detection tool for environmental geotechnical engineering practices.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environment hole pressure probe for effectively detecting deep soil heavy metal element, belong in Geotechnical Engineering field a kind of can directly, the static sounding device of in situ detection soil layer element contamination continuously.
Background technology
Static sounding technology refers to and utilizes propulsion system by the sounding rod indentation test soil layer with contact probe, the static point resistance, side friction power etc. of throughput examining system test soil, the engineering characteristic of soil can be determined, as deformation modulus, rigidity, the native allowable bearing etc. of soil.The static sounding technology history of existing more than 80 year so far, widespread use static sounding in the world, partly or entirely instead of the probing in engineering investigation and sampling.First China succeed in developing electric measuring type static sounding in nineteen sixty-five and be applied to prospecting.In recent years along with the fast development of sensor technology, occurred a lot of new static sounding technology, these technology can obtain the pore water pressure of soil layer, seismic event, resistivity, temperature, even image quickly and accurately.It is widely used in environmental geotechnical field abroad.China is more late in the research starting of novel static sounding sensor, and the penetration resistance that current domestic widely used single Double lumen intubation only can be tested or specific penetration resistance, side friction power, confirmable soil layer mechanical characteristic is very limited.Heavy metal pollution causes soil body environmental quality to worsen, the serious harm benign cycle of the ecosystem and the living environment of the mankind.Soil is a kind of very complicated construction material, and wherein element kind, content and existence form all can produce impact in various degree to the physics of soil, chemistry and mechanical property.Therefore, understand the situation of element in soil, especially the detection of heavy metal element is of great significance.
Stable atomic structure is made up of atomic nucleus and extranulear electron, and extranulear electron runs on the track of each self-retaining with its distinctive energy.When the initial X-ray of enough energy irradiates testing sample, atom internal layer electrons gain energy and discharging, this layer produces room, and the electronic transition being in high-energy electron layer fills up corresponding room to this low energy electrons layer.Because different electronic shell also exists energy difference, these energy differences discharge with the form of X ray.The intensity of the characteristic X-ray of each element is except outside the Pass the energy and intensity with excitaton source have, also relevant with this element content in the sample to which.Can detect that whether certain element exists and content according to the intensity of the characteristic X-ray of different element.According to this principle, the present invention is based on conventional hole pressure probe, invent a kind of can the in-situ test instrument of convenient, fast detection soil body heavy metal element, improve the deficiency that conventional transducer cannot detect soil body element.Meanwhile, the perforation device utilizing hole pressure to pop one's head in can detect the heavy metal element contamination within the scope of degree of depth 80m in the soil body, for environmental geotechnical practice provides strong survey tools.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defect existed for domestic existing hole pressure feeler inspection spys technology, proposes a kind of can the direct in-situ environment hole pressure that detects deep soil heavy metal element contamination probe.
Technical scheme: the environment hole pressure probe detecting deep soil heavy metal element (kind or content) of the present invention adopts concentric cable transmission of signal and data, analog to digital converter is provided with in the upper semisection top of probe, and be connected with the concentric cable of data with transmission of signal, the bottom of analog to digital converter is connected with prime amplifier, the below of prime amplifier is connected with Element detection parts, and the probe sidewall corresponding to Element detection parts offers thin-wall stainless steel window;
3-component earthquake detector is provided with at the lower semisection of probe, tiltmeter is provided with in the bottom of 3-component earthquake detector, friction cylinder is positioned at the below of tiltmeter, pore water pressure sensor is provided with at the middle part of friction cylinder, be connected with circular cone probe in the below of friction cylinder, hole press filtration ring is positioned at the junction that friction cylinder and circular cone are popped one's head in.
The thickness of thin-wall stainless steel window is 3.5mm.
Element detection parts are made up of three parts, are detector, lead shield and X ray radioactive source respectively; Detector is be highly 30mm, and diameter is the right cylinder of 10mm; Lead shield is thickness is 3.0mm, and diameter is the thin column of 15mm.
The cone angle of circular cone probe is 60 °, and cone basal cross section amasss as 10cm
2, friction cylinder surface area 150cm
2.
Hole press filtration ring thickness 5mm, be positioned at cone shoulder position, the useful area ratio of probe is 0.8.
The environment hole pressure probe detected for deep soil heavy metal element of the present invention, its element detecting section formed primarily of the Circuits System of concentric cable, analog to digital converter, prime amplifier, Element detection parts, thin-wall stainless steel window and its inside.After X ray radioactive source receives the information from earth's surface, go out electron impact at a high speed by emission of cathode and produce X ray afterwards to anode metal material (can change according to required detection elements difference).When x-ray bombardment is to probe outside soil particle, after in soil particle, the atom of element to be determined is subject to x-ray bombardment, its inner electron obtains energy, departs from atom constraint and discharges; Be in the electronic transition of high level electronic shell to low-lying level electronics to fill up the room of this layer.Energy difference between high low-lying level electronic shell discharges with the form of characteristic X-ray.Detector in Element detection parts detects the characteristic X-ray through thin-wall stainless steel window, and then produces electric signal.The electric signal produced passes to analog to digital converter after the amplification of prime amplifier, then preserves in co-axial cables transport to the Microcomputer Collecting and storage system on earth's surface after transferring digital signal to, draws the sectional view of real-time continuous.According to measured signal intensity, after the demarcation of shop experiment, signal intensity and the relational expression around between soil layer element contamination can be set up.The X ray direct irradiation that lead shield stops X ray radioactive source to excite on the detector, and then produces the Received signal strength of mistake.Thin-wall stainless steel window decreases the loss of characteristic X-ray by producing during probe in transmittance process, farthest improves the accuracy measured.The effect of analog to digital converter is simulating signal to be converted to digital signal, then preserves through co-axial cables transport, to improve accuracy and the precision of signal, avoids the loss producing packet in transmitting procedure.Wherein, X ray radioactive source by the speed regulating the voltage between negative and positive the two poles of the earth can regulate electronics, can regulate cathode voltage can regulate the quantity producing electronics, thus can control the hardness of produced X ray and then change its penetration capacity.
Beneficial effect: the character of element on soil contained in soil has to be affected significantly.When environment being caused to worsen containing during heavy metal element in soil, the serious harm benign cycle of the ecosystem and the living environment of the mankind.Therefore, when reconnoitring in civil engineering work and Geotechnical Engineering field to soil in heavy metal element to carry out detection be a far reaching job.The traditional method that current soil body heavy metal element detects needs to collect sample transport and detects to laboratory, and storage condition and traffic condition all can impact the precision of test and accuracy in this course, and cost is higher, need take a long time.Meanwhile, the impact that heavy metal may be bad on the healthy generation of operator in sampling process.
The invention solves existing hole pressure probe can not the defect of element in direct-detection soil, can the content of heavy metal element in convenient, fast, continuous detecting conehead depth soil, make hole pressure touching methods technology can serve environmental geotechnical field more accurately, all sidedly.The advantages such as this technology has that analysis speed is fast, detection elements kind is many, depth range light, safety non-pollution, with low cost and Non-Destructive Testing, are very suitable for the detection of contaminated site.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is component arrangement figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is Element detection block diagram of the present invention.
Wherein have: concentric cable 1, analog to digital converter 2, prime amplifier 3, Element detection parts 4, thin-wall stainless steel window 5,3-component earthquake detector 6, tiltmeter 7, friction cylinder 8, pore water pressure sensor 9, hole press filtration ring 10, circular cone probe 11.Wherein, Element detection parts 4 are made up of detector 4-1, lead shield 4-2 and X ray radioactive source 4-3 tri-part.
Embodiment
The environment hole pressure surveying deep soil heavy metal element (contamination) that can effectively detect of the present invention is popped one's head in, analog to digital converter 2 is provided with in the upper semisection top of probe, and be connected with the concentric cable 1 of data with transmission of signal, the bottom of analog to digital converter 2 is connected with prime amplifier 3, the below of prime amplifier 3 is connected with Element detection parts 4, and the probe sidewall corresponding to Element detection parts 4 offers thin-wall stainless steel window 5;
3-component earthquake detector 6 is provided with at the lower semisection of probe, tiltmeter 7 is provided with in the bottom of 3-component earthquake detector 6, friction cylinder 8 is positioned at the below of tiltmeter 7, pore water pressure sensor 9 is provided with at the middle part of friction cylinder 8, be connected with circular cone probe 11 in the below of friction cylinder 8, hole press filtration ring 10 be positioned at friction cylinder 8 and circular cone pop one's head in 11 junction.
The thickness of thin-wall stainless steel window is 3.5mm.
Element detection parts 4 are made up of three parts, are detector 4-1, lead shield 4-2 and X ray radioactive source 4-3 respectively; Detector 4-1 is be highly 30mm, and diameter is the right cylinder of 10mm; Lead shield 4-2 is thickness is 3.0mm, and diameter is the thin column of 15mm.
The cone angle of circular cone probe 11 is 60 °, and cone basal cross section amasss as 10cm
2, friction cylinder 8 surface area 150cm
2.
Hole press filtration ring 10 thickness 5mm, be positioned at cone shoulder position, the useful area ratio of probe is 0.8.
This probe is integrated with the function (can survey end resistance, frictional resistance) of conventional static sounding and detects the function of soil layer element contamination.By means of the perforation device of hole pressure probe, it is the analysis that heavy metal in the soil body within the scope of 80m carries out quantitative and qualitative analysis that this probe can realize the degree of depth, has further developed the content of static sounding technology.
After X ray radioactive source receives the information from earth's surface, go out electron impact at a high speed by emission of cathode and produce X ray afterwards to anode metal material (can change according to required detection elements difference).When x-ray bombardment is to probe outside soil particle, after in soil particle, the atom of element to be determined is subject to x-ray bombardment, inner electron obtains energy, departs from atom constraint and discharges; Be in the electronic transition of high level electronic shell to low-lying level electronics to fill up the room of this layer.Energy difference between high low-lying level electronic shell discharges with the form of characteristic X-ray.Detector in Element detection parts detects the characteristic X-ray through thin-wall stainless steel window, and then produces electric signal.The electric signal produced passes to analog to digital converter after the amplification of prime amplifier, then preserves in co-axial cables transport to the Microcomputer Collecting and storage system on earth's surface after transferring digital signal to, draws the sectional view of real-time continuous.According to measured signal intensity, after the demarcation of shop experiment, signal intensity and the relational expression around between soil layer constituent content can be set up.The X ray direct irradiation that lead shield stops X ray radioactive source to excite on the detector, and then produces the Received signal strength of mistake.Thin-wall stainless steel window decreases the loss of characteristic X-ray by producing during probe in transmittance process, farthest improves the accuracy measured.The effect of analog to digital converter is simulating signal to be converted to digital signal, then preserves through co-axial cables transport, to improve accuracy and the precision of signal, avoids the loss producing packet in transmitting procedure.Wherein, X ray radioactive source by the speed regulating the voltage between negative and positive the two poles of the earth can regulate electronics, can regulate cathode voltage can regulate the quantity producing electronics, thus can control the hardness of produced X ray and then change its penetration capacity.
For the difference of testing requirement, apparatus of the present invention can carry out the analysis of quantitative and qualitative analysis to element in soil.
According to mosleys law, characteristic X-ray is that various element is intrinsic, and the square root of the frequency of characteristic X-ray and the atom coefficient of element have following relation:
In formula, Q, σ are constants.
The energy of characteristic X-ray equals the energy difference occurred between two electronic shell of transition, also has with atomic number the relation determined:
In formula, Δ E is characteristic X-ray energies; R is rydberg constant (1.097 × 10
-5cm
-1); H is Planck constant (6.63 × 10
-34js); C is the light velocity (3 × 10
10cm/s); Z is the atomic number of object element; n
i, n
fthe total quantum number of residing electronic shell before and after transition respectively; σ is positive number, relevant with inner layer case number of electrons.This shows, square root and the atomic number of the energy of the characteristic X-ray of each pedigree are linear.As long as the energy measuring characteristic X-ray gets final product the element kind in qualitative analysis soil.
For quantitative test, the intensity I of characteristic X-ray
iwith the mass percentage concentration C of element to be analyzed
ithere is following relation:
I
i＝KC
i/μ
m(3)
In formula, μ
mthe gross mass absorption coefficient being sample to X ray and characteristic X-ray; K is constant, relevant with the mass absorption coefficient of analytical element to incident ray with incident ray intensity.So just can carry out quantitative test according to line strength of characteristic X-ray to element.
Claims (5)
1. one kind effectively can be detected the environment hole pressure probe of deep soil heavy metal element, it is characterized in that, analog to digital converter (2) is provided with in the upper semisection top of probe, and be connected with the concentric cable (1) of data with transmission of signal, the bottom of analog to digital converter (2) is connected with prime amplifier (3), the below of prime amplifier (3) is connected with Element detection parts (4), and the probe sidewall corresponding to Element detection parts (4) offers thin-wall stainless steel window (5);
3-component earthquake detector (6) is provided with at the lower semisection of probe, tiltmeter (7) is provided with in the bottom of 3-component earthquake detector (6), friction cylinder (8) is positioned at the below of tiltmeter (7), pore water pressure sensor (9) is provided with at the middle part of friction cylinder (8), be connected with circular cone probe (11) in the below of friction cylinder (8), hole press filtration ring (10) is positioned at friction cylinder (8) and circular cone and pops one's head in the junction of (11).
2. the environment hole pressure probe that effectively can detect deep soil heavy metal element according to claim 1, is characterized in that the thickness of thin-wall stainless steel window (5) is 3.5mm.
3. the environment hole pressure probe that effectively can detect deep soil heavy metal element according to claim 1, it is characterized in that Element detection parts (4) are made up of three parts, is detector (4-1), lead shield (4-2) and X ray radioactive source (4-3) respectively; Detector (4-1) is be highly 30mm, and diameter is the right cylinder of 10mm; Lead shield (4-2) for thickness be 3.0mm, diameter is the thin column of 15mm.
4. the environment hole pressure probe that effectively can detect deep soil heavy metal element according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the cone angle of circular cone probe (11) is 60 °, cone basal cross section amasss as 10cm
2, friction cylinder (8) surface area 150cm
2.
5. the environment hole pressure probe that effectively can detect deep soil heavy metal element according to claim 1, it is characterized in that hole press filtration ring (10) thickness 5mm, be positioned at cone shoulder position, the useful area ratio of probe is 0.8.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106706673A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-24 | 东南大学 | Environment pore pressure static sounding probe for in-situ detection of heavy metal polluting components and concentration |
| CN108051849A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-05-18 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of earthquake three-component dry hole probe and test method |
| CN112444611A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-03-05 | 华东交通大学 | Agricultural orchard soil detection system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106706673A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-24 | 东南大学 | Environment pore pressure static sounding probe for in-situ detection of heavy metal polluting components and concentration |
| CN108051849A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-05-18 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of earthquake three-component dry hole probe and test method |
| CN108051849B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2024-01-23 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Earthquake three-component dry hole probe and testing method |
| CN112444611A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-03-05 | 华东交通大学 | Agricultural orchard soil detection system |
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Application publication date: 20150520 |