CN109913936A - Decontamination system and decontamination method - Google Patents
Decontamination system and decontamination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109913936A CN109913936A CN201910366165.3A CN201910366165A CN109913936A CN 109913936 A CN109913936 A CN 109913936A CN 201910366165 A CN201910366165 A CN 201910366165A CN 109913936 A CN109913936 A CN 109913936A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of decontamination system and decontamination methods.Above-mentioned decontamination system includes reaction unit and power supply unit.Reaction unit includes cathode and imbibition component, and imbibition component includes the imbibition part for Electolyte-absorptive, and imbibition part can be contacted with cathode, workpiece to be decontaminated, so that imbibition part can provide electrolyte to cathode and workpiece to be decontaminated.There is power supply unit anode and cathode, anode can be electrically connected with workpiece to be decontaminated, and cathode can be electrically connected with cathode.Above-mentioned decontamination system can carry out live decontamination to workpiece to be decontaminated, and the secondary liquid waste generated is less.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear facilities decontamination fields, more particularly to a kind of decontamination system and decontamination method.
Background technique
Metal parts or structures shallow-layer pollution hot spot decontamination common method are to send after disassembling component to going in nuclear facilities
Dirty workshop, using traditional decontamination means processing such as traditional hot acid thermokalite.It is washed alternatively, being wiped repeatedly using chemical decontamination liquid
Dirt, but the method can generate more secondary liquid waste.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide it is a kind of being capable of live decontamination and the less decontamination system of secondary liquid waste.
In addition, also providing a kind of decontamination method.
A kind of decontamination system, comprising:
Reaction unit, including cathode and imbibition component, the imbibition component include the imbibition part for Electolyte-absorptive, institute
Stating imbibition part can contact with the cathode, workpiece to be decontaminated so that the imbibition part can to the cathode and it is described to
Decontamination workpiece provides the electrolyte；And
Power supply unit there is anode and cathode, the anode can be electrically connected with the workpiece to be decontaminated, the cathode energy
It is enough to be electrically connected with the cathode.
The imbibition component further includes shell in one of the embodiments, and the shell can accommodate the imbibition part,
And the shell can at least partly accommodate the cathode, the cathode is housed in the part in the shell can be with the suction
The contact of liquid part.
The material of the imbibition part is selected from polyurethane foam glue, lignose and polypropylene in one of the embodiments,
One of acid esters.
The decontamination system further includes the vacuum holding that can be connected to the imbibition component in one of the embodiments,
Set, the vacuum plant can vacuumize the imbibition component so that the imbibition part can with the cathode and it is described to
Decontamination workpiece contacts.
The cathode is selected from one of Ce-W electrode, silver-colored tungsten electrode and titanium plating iridium electrode in one of the embodiments,.
The decontamination system further includes liquid feed device in one of the embodiments, and the liquid feed device can install institute
Electrolyte is stated, the liquid feed device can be connected to the imbibition component, so that the electrolyte energy in the liquid feed device
The imbibition component is enough flowed into, and the liquid feed device can be flowed back to from the imbibition component.
The liquid feed device includes feed tank, solution feed pump and time liquid pump, the feed tank energy in one of the embodiments,
The electrolyte is enough installed, the solution feed pump can make the electrolyte in the feed tank flow into the imbibition component, institute
Stating back liquid pump can make the electrolyte of the imbibition component outflow flow into the feed tank.
The decontamination system further includes reaction tank in one of the embodiments, and the reaction tank can install electrolyte,
And the pool wall of the reaction tank can be electrically connected with the cathode, the reaction tank can accommodate the workpiece to be decontaminated and described
Cathode, when the pool wall of the reaction tank is electrically connected with the cathode, the cathode and the cathode are disconnected, the cathode with it is described
When cathode is electrically connected, the pool wall of the reaction tank and the cathode are disconnected.
A kind of decontamination method, includes the following steps:
Make imbibition part Contact cathod and workpiece to be decontaminated, the imbibition part absorption has electrolyte；And
To the cathode and the workpiece energization processing to be decontaminated, wherein the cathode is electrically connected with cathode, described wait go
Dirty workpiece is electrically connected with anode.
It is described in one of the embodiments, to be powered in the step of handling to the cathode with the workpiece to be decontaminated, electricity
Current density is 2A/cm2~20A/cm2。
It is described in one of the embodiments, to be powered in the step of handling to the cathode with the workpiece to be decontaminated, institute
The temperature for stating electrolyte is 30 DEG C~90 DEG C.
In one of the embodiments, in described the step of making imbibition part Contact cathod and workpiece to be decontaminated, make the yin
The spacing of pole and the workpiece to be decontaminated is 1cm~5cm.
Above-mentioned decontamination system uses electrolytic decontaminating technology, and imbibition part can be contacted with cathode, workpiece to be decontaminated, and wait go
Dirty workpiece can be connect with the anode of power supply unit, and cathode can be connect with the cathode of power supply unit, when the absorption of imbibition part has electricity
Solve liquid when, since imbibition part is contacted with cathode and workpiece to be decontaminated, thus make electrolyte respectively with workpiece to be decontaminated and cathode
Contact, forming circuit, to carry out live decontamination to workpiece to be decontaminated, without can just be gone after being disassembled workpiece to be decontaminated
It is dirty.And due to contacting using imbibition part with cathode, workpiece to be decontaminated, enable to use lower flow of electrolyte, it can
It realizes that electrolyte is contacted with cathode and workpiece to be decontaminated, is formed into a loop, so that the secondary liquid waste for generating decontamination system is less.
Therefore, above-mentioned decontamination system can carry out live decontamination to workpiece to be decontaminated, and the secondary liquid waste generated is less.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the decontamination system of an embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the reaction unit in decontamination system shown in FIG. 1；
Fig. 3 is the process flow chart of the decontamination method of an embodiment.
Specific embodiment
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment to invention is more fully described.Tool
Preferred embodiment of the invention is given in body embodiment.But the invention can be realized in many different forms,
It is not limited to the examples described herein.On the contrary, purpose of providing these embodiments is makes to the disclosure
Understanding it is more thorough and comprehensive.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and belong to technical field of the invention
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Term as used herein in the specification of the present invention is intended merely to description tool
Body embodiment purpose, it is not intended that in limitation the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the decontamination system 10 of an embodiment, comprising: reaction unit 100 and power supply unit 200.
Wherein, referring to Figure 2 together, reaction unit 100 includes cathode 110 and imbibition component 120, and imbibition component 120 wraps
The imbibition part 122 for Electolyte-absorptive is included, imbibition part 122 can be contacted with cathode 110, workpiece to be decontaminated 20.
Specifically, cathode 110 is selected from one of Ce-W electrode, silver-colored tungsten electrode and titanium plating iridium electrode.Cathode 110 and imbibition
The shape of part 122 is selected from one of circular plate type, triangle, rectangular, netted and conductive clip or a variety of combinations.By cathode 110
And imbibition part 122 is set as different shape, is in order to which the shape at the pollution hot spot with workpiece 20 to be decontaminated is consistent, so that wait go
It is respectively formed close contact between dirty workpiece 20, imbibition part 122 and cathode 110, convenient for carrying out decontamination to hot spot region.Above-mentioned cathode
110 and the shape of imbibition part 122 can be suitable for the workpiece 20 to be decontaminated such as plane, facet (angle steel class), curved surface (groove body).
Cathode 110 with a thickness of 2mm~10mm.The area of cathode 110 is 40cm2~200cm2.The cathode area upper limit is set
It is set to 200cm2It is because bigger area needs bigger DC power supply, value can yield to power supply thus for setting, reduce cost；Under
Limit is set as 40cm2It is to guarantee detersive efficiency.It is because the machinery of the cathode 110 of the thickness adds that thickness, which is set as above-mentioned value,
Work cost is minimum, and electrode life meets the requirements.And above-mentioned value can guarantee that clean effect reaches scheduled target.
Electrochemical decontamination technology is difficult to the life problems that one of problem being engineered is exactly cathode material, and common cathode exists
There are irreconcilable contradictions for electric conductivity, service life, marginal discharge and acid-resistant corrosion etc..And above-mentioned cathode is used, it solves
The problems such as common cathode service life is short, marginal discharge phenomenon is serious, poorly conductive, high fever.
Specifically, the material of imbibition part 122 is selected from one of polyurethane foam glue, lignose and polyacrylate.
Workpiece 20 to be decontaminated, cathode can be realized by enabling to imbibition part 122 to absorb lower flow of electrolyte using above-mentioned material
110 and electrolyte contacts, reduce the dosage of electrolyte.And imbibition part 122 is contacted with cathode 110, workpiece to be decontaminated 20,
Also the dosage of electrolyte can be reduced, to reduce the secondary liquid waste of generation.
Specifically, electrolyte includes detergent, conductivity accelerator, stabilizer, pH buffer and water.Wherein, detergent is
Nitric acid or phosphoric acid.Conductivity accelerator is sodium nitrate or sodium phosphate.Stabilizer is selected from one of citric acid and acetic acid.PH buffer
For sodium citrate or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
Imbibition component 120 further includes shell 124.Shell 124 can accommodate imbibition part 122.The material of imbibition part 122 is to meet
Water-swelling material, when imbibition part 122 is housed in shell 124, and has electrolyte to flow through in shell 124, imbibition part 122 absorbs water
Expansion, to contact with shell 124, makes imbibition part 122 not fall off from shell 124 in use.Shell 124 can also
It is enough at least partly to accommodate cathode 110.The part that cathode 110 is housed in shell 124 can be contacted with imbibition part 122.Setting is outer
Shell 124 can provide place for imbibition part 122, the contact of cathode 110 and workpiece to be decontaminated 20 and progress electrolytic decontaminating, and carrying is gone
Electrolyte during dirt, makes electrolyte not leak outside.
There is power supply unit 200 anode and cathode, anode can be electrically connected with workpiece 20 to be decontaminated, and cathode can be with cathode
110 electrical connections.Specifically, in the present embodiment, power supply unit 200 includes electrolysis power 210 and power supply pipeline 220.Electrolysis
Power supply 210 has anode and cathode.Electrolysis power 210 can enable anode and workpiece to be decontaminated by pipeline 220 of powering
20 electrical connections, cathode can be electrically connected with cathode 110.It is appreciated that in other embodiments, power supply unit 200 can be with
For other devices, any power supply unit with anode and cathode can be used as the power supply unit 200 in present embodiment.
Power supply unit 200 can regulate and control input voltage, input current, the output parameters such as electric current and output voltage.
Specifically, the output electric current of power supply unit 200 is 200A~400A, and output voltage is 5V~100V, input current 40A, defeated
Entering voltage is 380V.Use output electric current, output voltage is for the effect of the power supply unit 200 of above-mentioned value: mentioning for electrolysis installation
For DC current and given voltage.
Above-mentioned decontamination system 10 further includes vacuum plant 300, and vacuum plant 300 can be connected to imbibition component 120, and true
Empty device 300 can vacuumize imbibition component 120, so that imbibition part 122 can connect with cathode 110 and workpiece to be decontaminated 20
Touching.Specifically, vacuum plant 300 can the shell 124 to imbibition component 120 vacuumize.
In the present embodiment, vacuum plant 300 includes vacuum pump 310 and vacuum pipe 320.Vacuum pump 310 can lead to
Vacuum pipe 320 is crossed to be connected to the shell 124 of imbibition component 120.300 one side of vacuum plant can consolidate imbibition component 120
It is scheduled on 20 surface of workpiece to be decontaminated, avoids the need for artificially fixed brought labor intensity.On the other hand, vacuum plant 300
It will can also be tightly connected between imbibition part 122 and workpiece to be decontaminated 20, imbibition part 122 and cathode 110, avoid leakage.
Above-mentioned decontamination system 10 further includes liquid feed device 400, and liquid feed device 400 can install electrolyte, and liquid feed device
400 can be connected to imbibition component 120, so that the electrolyte in liquid feed device 400 can flow into imbibition component 120, and electricity
Solution liquid can flow back to liquid feed device 400 from imbibition component 120.Make electrolyte in imbibition component 120 using liquid feed device 400
It is excessively high and cause punch-through effect to avoid localized metallic ion concentration for constant flow.Specifically, liquid feed device 400 can be with suction
The shell 124 of liquid component 120 is connected to.
Specifically, liquid feed device 400 includes feed tank 410, solution feed pump 420 and time liquid pump 430.Feed tank 410 can be held
Loading electrolyte, solution feed pump 420 can make the electrolyte in feed tank 410 flow into imbibition component 120.Returning liquid pump 430 can make to inhale
The electrolyte that liquid component 120 flows out flows into feed tank 410.Solution feed pump 420 can also adjust the electrolyte for flowing into imbibition component 120
Flow.
Further, liquid feed device 400 further includes first pipe 440 and second pipe 450.Feed tank 410 can pass through
First pipe 440 and second pipe 450 are connected to the shell 124 of imbibition component 120.Solution feed pump 420 is located at first pipe 440
On, it returns liquid pump 430 and is located on second pipe 450.Electrolyte in feed tank 410 can pass through first pipe 440 and solution feed pump
420 flow into the shell 124 of imbibition component 120, and the electrolyte in shell 124 can be flowed by second pipe 450 and time liquid pump 430
Enter feed tank 410.
Further, liquid feed device 400 further includes heating unit, for electrolyte to be heated to 30 DEG C~90 DEG C.Heating
Unit is connect with feed tank 410.Setting heating unit can heat electrolyte, improve the electrolysis rate of electrolyte, and
Improve clean effect.
In the present embodiment, liquid feed device 400 further includes back liquid collecting tank 460.Returning liquid collecting tank 460 can be with imbibition
The shell 124 of component 120 is connected to, to collect the contaminated liquid in imbibition component 120.Contaminated liquid is the electrolysis for being unsatisfactory for electrolysis and requiring
Waste liquid.Specifically, the concentration of radionuclide specific activity is greater than 4 × 10 in contaminated liquid6Bq/g, pH are greater than 4.Return liquid collecting tank
460 can also connect with feed tank 410, to collect the contaminated liquid in feed tank 410.
When including back liquid collecting tank 460 in the liquid feed device 400 of above-mentioned decontamination system 10, vacuum pump 310 is also by true
Vacant duct 320 is connected to liquid collecting tank 460 is returned, to collect the contaminated liquid in imbibition component 120.Pass through the pumping of vacuum plant 300
It inhales, the contaminated liquid in imbibition component 120 can be pumped to back completely in liquid collecting tank 460, be avoided to subsequent electrolytic decontaminating
It impacts.
When in use, the electrolyte in feed tank 410 is flowed into liquid feed device 400 by first pipe 440 and solution feed pump 420
The shell 124 of imbibition component 120, electrolyte in shell 124 is by second pipe 450 and returns liquid pump 430 and flows into feed tank
410.When liquid to be electrolysed cannot reach electrolysis and require, contaminated liquid is obtained, and contaminated liquid is collected and is being returned in liquid collecting tank 460.
In some embodiments, above-mentioned decontamination system 10 further includes reaction tank 500, and reaction tank 500 can install electrolyte,
And the pool wall of reaction tank 500 can be electrically connected with cathode, reaction tank 500 can accommodate workpiece 20 and cathode 110 to be decontaminated.Reaction
When the pool wall in pond 500 is electrically connected with cathode, cathode 110 and cathode are disconnected.When cathode 110 is electrically connected with cathode, reaction tank 500
Pool wall is electrically connected with cathode.Reaction tank 500 can be used for small-sized part to be decontaminated as the place of small-sized 20 decontamination of workpiece to be decontaminated
20 decontamination.
When reaction tank 500 is used for the decontamination of small-sized workpiece 20 to be decontaminated, anode and the workpiece to be decontaminated of electrolysis power 210
20 electrical connections, cathode is electrically connected with the cathode 110 being contained in reaction tank 500 or the pool wall of cathode and reaction tank 500 is electrically connected
It connects.At this point, imbibition part 122 does not contact with cathode 110, workpiece to be decontaminated 20.The pool wall of reaction tank 500 is generally stainless steel
Material, can be electrically connected directly as cathode with the cathode of electrolysis power 210, the pool wall of reaction tank 500 can be electrolysed at this time, shadow
Ring the service life of reaction tank 500.Therefore, in some embodiments, cathode 110 can also be accommodated in reaction tank 500, so that cathode
110 can be electrically connected with cathode, carry out cell reaction.
Reaction tank 500 can also be connected to liquid feed device 400, to provide electrolyte for liquid feed device 400.Specifically, instead
Answer pond 500 that can be connected to the feed tank 410 of liquid feed device 400.When reaction tank 500 is connected to liquid feed device 400, reaction tank
Electrolyte, for configuring and storing electrolyte, can be transmitted to feed flow dress as the preparation pond and storage pond of electrolyte by 500
Set 400.Reaction tank 500 is used as a standby multifunction component, improves the utilization rate of reaction tank 500, and expand decontamination system
The use scope of system 10 improves ease of use.
In some embodiments, above-mentioned decontamination system 10 further includes waste liquid device 600, and waste liquid device 600 can be with feed flow
Device 400 is connected to, to receive the contaminated liquid of the generation of liquid feed device 400.Specifically, waste liquid device 600 can be with liquid feed device 400
Return liquid collecting tank 460 be connected to.Further, waste liquid device 600 can also be connected to reaction tank 500, to receive reaction tank 500
The contaminated liquid of interior generation.When decontamination place of the reaction tank 500 as small-sized workpiece 20 to be decontaminated, the contaminated liquid of generation can be flowed into
Waste liquid device 600.Waste liquid device 600 is discharged for storing contaminated liquid convenient for subsequent contaminated liquid.It is appreciated that in other realities
It applies in mode, waste liquid device 600 can be omitted, and contaminated liquid is stored in back in liquid collecting tank 460.
Further, above-mentioned decontamination system 10 further includes control device (not shown).Control device can respectively with
Reaction unit 100, power supply unit 200, vacuum plant 300 and liquid feed device 400 are electrically connected.Control device can be to decontamination system
10 reaction unit 100, power supply unit 200, vacuum plant 300 and liquid feed device 400 carries out centralized control.Specifically, it concentrates
Control includes process parameter control, the monitoring of instrument and the control of process.Further, process parameter control includes current density
The control and real-time display of (electric current), flow of electrolyte etc..The monitoring of instrument include: vacuum degree, voltage, liquid level etc. monitoring with
Control.The control of process includes: the open and close of the equipment such as controllable valve, pump.
By the way that control device is arranged, centralized control can be carried out to technological parameter, the meter status etc. in decontamination reaction, led to
It crosses and control device is operated, the adjustment to parameter can be realized, so that each parameter in decontamination reaction is clear, and energy
It is enough that easily parameter is monitored, it avoids and directly reaction unit 100, liquid feed device 400 etc. is contacted.
Further, above-mentioned decontamination system 10 further includes cart (not shown).Cart can carry reaction unit
100, power supply unit 200, vacuum plant 300, liquid feed device 400, reaction tank 500, waste liquid device 600 and control device etc..Tool
Body, the lower part of cart is equipped with castor.The top of cart is equipped with the handle for pushing cart.Cart can be easily by decontamination
System 10 is moved, to carry out live decontamination to the workpiece to be decontaminated 20 in different location.
Electrolytic decontaminating technology is the principle using electrochemical oxidation, by the anode of workpiece to be decontaminated access electrolysis power, yin
The cathode of electrolysis power is accessed in pole, forms current loop under the action of electrolyte.Under the action of electric field, workpiece table to be decontaminated
The metallic element in face is oxidized to cation and is dissolved in electrolyte, while the radioactivity for being attached to workpiece surface to be decontaminated is dirty
Dye object is also dissolved in electrolyte, to realize the purpose of decontamination.
Above-mentioned decontamination system 10 has at least the following advantages:
(1) above-mentioned decontamination system 10 can not only using imbibition component 120 and 110 pairs of large sizes of cathode workpiece 20 to be decontaminated into
Row scene decontamination, additionally it is possible to decontamination be carried out to small-sized workpiece 20 to be decontaminated using reaction tank 500, realize and different type is waited for
The decontamination of dirty workpiece 20, is improved the utilization rate of decontamination system 10.
(2) the decontamination rate of above-mentioned decontamination system 10 is fast, and decontamination depth is controllable, can be realized 3 points to workpiece 20 to be decontaminated
10 microns or more of decontamination depth in clock, to achieve the purpose that depth decontamination cleaning solution control.
(3) above-mentioned decontamination system 10 can carry out decontamination to workpiece 20 to be decontaminated by electrolysis, realize workpiece 20 to be decontaminated
Recycling or workpiece to be decontaminated 20 cleaning solution control.
(4) above-mentioned decontamination system 10 is by contacting imbibition part 122 with cathode 110, workpiece to be decontaminated 20, so that using
Less electrolyte can be such that cathode, workpiece to be decontaminated 20 contacts with electrolyte, to carry out cell reaction.And it combines and supplies
Liquid device 400 enables electrolyte to recycle, to reduce the discharge of secondary liquid waste.
Referring to Fig. 3, the decontamination method of an embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step S210: making imbibition part Contact cathod and workpiece to be decontaminated, and the absorption of imbibition part has electrolyte.
Wherein, the material of imbibition part is selected from one of polyurethane foam glue, lignose and polyacrylate.
Cathode is selected from one of Ce-W electrode, silver-colored tungsten electrode and titanium plating iridium electrode.
Electrolyte includes detergent, conductivity accelerator, stabilizer, pH buffer and water.Wherein, detergent is nitric acid or phosphorus
Acid.Conductivity accelerator is sodium nitrate or sodium phosphate.Stabilizer is selected from one of citric acid and acetic acid.PH buffer is citric acid
Sodium or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
The step of making imbibition part Contact cathod and workpiece to be decontaminated includes:
Shell is provided, shell can accommodate imbibition part, and shell can also at least partly accommodate cathode, and cathode is housed in outer
Part in shell can be contacted with imbibition part；
Shell is connect with imbibition part, shell is vacuumized using vacuum plant, so that imbibition part Contact cathod and wait go
Dirty workpiece.
In step S210, the spacing of cathode and workpiece to be decontaminated is 1cm~5cm.Set spacing to the effect of above-mentioned value
It is: according to the determining best interpolar of experiment away from, reduction electrolytic resistance as far as possible, while guarantees not contact with each other and lead to short circuit.
Step S220: cathode and workpiece energization to be decontaminated are handled, wherein cathode is electrically connected with cathode, workpiece to be decontaminated
It is electrically connected with anode.
Specifically, it is powered in the step of handling to cathode and workpiece to be decontaminated, current density 2A/cm2~20A/cm2.It will
The effect that current density is set as above-mentioned value is: the current density can get optimal electrolytic decontaminating effect.
It is powered in the step of handling to cathode and workpiece to be decontaminated, the temperature of electrolyte is 30 DEG C~90 DEG C.By electrolyte
Temperature setting be 30 DEG C~90 DEG C, can be improved the electrolysis rate of electrolyte, and improve clean effect.
During handling cathode and workpiece energization to be decontaminated, further includes: with flow of electrolyte be 0.01L/h.cm2~
0.05L/h.cm2, the step of electrolyte is continually fed into imbibition part.It is by the effect that flow of electrolyte is set as above-mentioned value: dimension
Hold flow of electrolyte stable in imbibition part.
By control device to current density, electrolyte temperature, the electrolysis liquid stream in energization treatment process in step S220
The parameters such as amount are controlled.
Above-mentioned decontamination method has at least the following advantages:
(1) above-mentioned decontamination method is contacted using imbibition part with cathode, workpiece to be decontaminated, can be carried out to workpiece to be decontaminated
Live fast decontaminating.
(2) above-mentioned decontamination method can be by the technological parameter and electrolyte composition of adjusting decontamination reaction to workpiece to be decontaminated
Decontamination depth controlled.
(3) above-mentioned decontamination method can reduce the generation of secondary liquid waste.
The following are specific embodiment parts:
Embodiment 1
The decontamination system of the present embodiment is for the inner wall decontamination to stainless steel storage tank.Using LB124 type Measurement of surface contamination
Instrument measures initial contamination level, and pollution is mainly β pollution.Decontamination process is as follows:
(1) imbibition part is placed in shell, obtains imbibition component.By imbibition part and cathode, the inner wall of stainless steel storage tank
Region 1 contacts, and is vacuumized by vacuum plant to imbibition component, keeps imbibition part and the inner wall of cathode, stainless steel storage tank close
Contact.Wherein, the material of imbibition part is polyurethane foam glue.Cathode uses disk-shaped Ce-W electrode, cathode area 50cm2,
The spacing of the inner wall of cathode and stainless steel storage tank is 1cm.
(2) anode of electrolysis power being electrically connected with the region 1 of the inner wall of stainless steel storage tank, cathode is electrically connected with cathode,
The electrolyte of feed tank is flowed into the shell of imbibition component by the solution feed pump of liquid feed device, and by returning liquid pump for the electrolysis in shell
Liquid stream returns feed tank, opens electrolysis power, carries out energization processing to cathode and region 1.Wherein, electrolyte uses nitric acid system.
By mass percentage, nitric acid is 55% (concentration of nitric acid is 65%) in electrolyte, and conductivity accelerator sodium nitrate is 10%, surely
It is 4% that determine agent citric acid, which be 5%, pH buffer reagent, distilled water 26%.It is powered in the step of handling, current density 5A/
cm2, the temperature of electrolyte is 30 DEG C, flow of electrolyte 0.01L/h.cm2。
(3) step (1) and step (2) are repeated, respectively by the region of the anode and the inner wall of stainless steel storage tank of electrolysis power
2, region 3 and region 4 are electrically connected, and carry out energization processing.Wherein, the initial contamination level in region 1, region 2, region 3 and region 4
It is close.The decontamination time of different zones is as shown in table 1 below.
The level of pollution result that region 1, region 2, region 3 and region 4 carry out before and after decontamination is as shown in table 1 below, wherein adopts
Level of pollution after level of pollution and decontamination is measured before decontamination with LB124 type surface pollution measuring instrument, before decontamination factor DF=decontamination
Level of pollution after level of pollution/decontamination tests corrosion depth using weight-loss method.Specifically, by before and after workpiece corrosion to be decontaminated points
Not Cai Yong a ten thousandth balance weigh quality, with corrosion front and back mass loss amount divided by corroded area, acquire corrosion depth.
Level of pollution and decontamination result before and after 1 decontamination of table compare
Embodiment 2
The decontamination system of the present embodiment is used to carry out decontamination to the outer wall of the stainless steel hopper of a heavy contamination.Using
LB124 type surface pollution measuring instrument measures initial contamination level, and pollution is mainly β pollution.Decontamination process is as follows:
(1) imbibition part is placed in shell, obtains imbibition component.By imbibition part and cathode, the outer wall of stainless steel storage tank
Region 1 contacts, and is vacuumized by vacuum plant to imbibition component, keeps imbibition part and the outer wall of cathode, stainless steel storage tank close
Contact.Wherein, the material of imbibition part is lignose.Cathode plates iridium electrode, cathode area 50cm using netted titanium2, cathode
Spacing with the outer wall of stainless steel storage tank is 5cm.
(2) anode of electrolysis power being electrically connected with the region 1 of the outer wall of stainless steel storage tank, cathode is electrically connected with cathode,
The electrolyte of feed tank is flowed into the shell of imbibition component by the solution feed pump of liquid feed device, and by returning liquid pump for the electrolysis in shell
Liquid stream returns feed tank, opens electrolysis power, carries out energization processing to cathode and region 1.Wherein, electrolyte uses Phosphoric Acid.
By mass percentage, phosphoric acid is 15% (concentration of phosphoric acid is 85%), and conductivity accelerator sodium phosphate is 10%, stabilizer acetic acid
It is 8% for 5%, pH buffer reagent, distilled water 62%.In decontamination reaction, current density 20A/cm2, flow of electrolyte is
0.05L/h.cm2。
(3) step (1) and step (2) are repeated, respectively by the region of the anode and the outer wall of stainless steel storage tank of electrolysis power
2, region 3 and region 4 are electrically connected, and carry out energization processing.Wherein, the initial contamination level in region 1, region 2, region 3 and region 4
It is close.The decontamination time of different zones is as shown in table 2 below.
The level of pollution result that region 1, region 2, region 3 and region 4 carry out before and after decontamination is as shown in table 2 below, test side
Method is identical as the test method in embodiment 1:
Level of pollution and decontamination result before and after 2 decontamination of table compare
Embodiment 3
The decontamination system of the present embodiment is used to carry out decontamination to the stainless steel cover board of a heavy contamination.Using LB124 type table
Face contamination meter measures initial contamination level, and pollution is mainly β pollution.Decontamination process is as follows:
(1) imbibition part is placed in shell, obtains imbibition component.By imbibition part and cathode, workpiece stainless steel cover to be decontaminated
The region 1 of plate contacts, and is vacuumized by vacuum plant to imbibition component, makes imbibition part and cathode, work piece inner surface to be decontaminated
It is in close contact.Wherein, the material of imbibition part is polyacrylate.Cathode uses netted silver-colored tungsten electrode, and cathode area is
200cm2, the spacing of cathode and workpiece stainless steel cover board to be decontaminated is 3cm.
(2) anode of electrolysis power is electrically connected with the region 1 of workpiece stainless steel cover board to be decontaminated, cathode is electrically connected with cathode
It connects, the electrolyte of feed tank is flowed into the shell of imbibition component by the solution feed pump of liquid feed device, and will be in shell by returning liquid pump
Electrolyte flows back to feed tank, opens electrolysis power, carries out energization processing to cathode and region 1.Wherein, electrolyte uses nitric acid body
System.By mass percentage, nitric acid is 55% (concentration of nitric acid is 65%), and conductivity accelerator sodium nitrate is 10%, stabilizer
Citric acid is that 5%, pH buffer reagent is 4%, distilled water 26%.In decontamination reaction, current density 2A/cm2, it is electrolysed liquid stream
Amount is 0.03L/h.cm2。
(3) step (1) and step (2) are repeated, respectively by the anode of electrolysis power and workpiece stainless steel cover board to be decontaminated
Region 2, region 3 and region 4 are electrically connected, and carry out energization processing.Wherein, the initial contamination in region 1, region 2, region 3 and region 4
It is on close level.The decontamination time of different zones is as shown in table 3 below.
Level of pollution result before and after region 1,4 decontamination of region 2, region 3 and region is as shown in table 3 below, test method with
Test method in embodiment 1 is identical:
Level of pollution and decontamination result before and after 3 decontamination of table compare
Embodiment 4
The decontamination system of the present embodiment is used to carry out decontamination to the small pallet of the stainless steel of a heavy contamination.Using LB124 type
Surface pollution measuring instrument measures initial contamination level, and pollution is mainly α pollution.Decontamination process is as follows:
(1) anode of electrolysis power is electrically connected with the small pallet of workpiece stainless steel to be decontaminated, cathode is connect with cathode, reaction
It is filled with electrolyte in pond, workpiece to be decontaminated and cathode are placed in reaction tank, opens electrolysis power, to cathode and to be decontaminated
The small pallet of workpiece stainless steel carries out electrolysis processing.Wherein, electrolyte uses Phosphoric Acid.By mass percentage, phosphoric acid is
15% (concentration of phosphoric acid is 85%), conductivity accelerator sodium phosphate is 10%, and stabilizer acetic acid is that 5%, pH buffer reagent is
8%, distilled water 62%.In decontamination reaction, current density 10A/cm2, flow of electrolyte 0.01L/h.cm2.Cathode uses
Silver-colored tungsten electrode, cathode area 100cm2, the spacing of reaction tank inner cathode and the small pallet of stainless steel is 4cm.
(2) decontamination terminates, and the contaminated liquid in reaction tank is recycled to waste liquid device.
The level of pollution result that the small pallet of workpiece stainless steel to be decontaminated carries out before and after decontamination is as shown in table 4 below, test method
It is identical as the test method in embodiment 1:
Level of pollution and decontamination result before and after 4 decontamination of table
Note: the small tray area of stainless steel is smaller, and it is primary to be only sufficient to LB124 type instrument measurement.
Comparative example 1
The decontamination process of comparative example 1 and the difference of the decontamination process in embodiment 1 are: imbibition part in comparative example 1
Material is glass fibre cotton.
The level of pollution result that region 1, region 2, region 3 and region 4 carry out before and after decontamination is as shown in table 5 below, test side
Method is identical as the test method in embodiment 1:
Level of pollution and decontamination result before and after 5 decontamination of table compare
As can be seen that using the polyurethane foam glue in embodiment 1 for imbibition from the comparison of comparative example 1 and embodiment 1
The material of part relatively uses the glass fibre cotton in comparative example 1 for the material of imbibition part, and under the same terms, clean effect is more preferable.
Comparative example 2
The decontamination process of comparative example 2 and the difference of the decontamination process in embodiment 1 are: the cathode in comparative example 2 is copper
Electrode.
Level of pollution before and after the decontamination in region 1, region 2, region 3 and region 4 is tested, test method and implementation
Test method in example 1 is identical.
It finds after tested, the clean effect in comparative example 2 is compared with the clean effect in embodiment 1, and under having no obvious
Drop, but in decontamination process, cathode electrode plate self-corrosion and consumption are serious, and the cathode electrode plate service life is unable to satisfy use demand.
Also electrolyte composition is made to have significant change simultaneously, so that electrolyte premature failure, is unfavorable for the practical utilization of electrolytic decontaminating.
Above-mentioned experimental result shows that the decontamination system in 1~embodiment of embodiment 4 can show workpiece to be decontaminated
Field decontamination.It, can be neatly to workpiece to be decontaminated and by controlling technological parameter and electrolyte composition in decontamination method etc.
Decontamination depth and decontamination level are controlled.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention
Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of decontamination system characterized by comprising
Reaction unit, including cathode and imbibition component, the imbibition component include the imbibition part for Electolyte-absorptive, the suction
Liquid part can be contacted with the cathode, workpiece to be decontaminated, so that the imbibition part can be to the cathode and described to be decontaminated
Workpiece provides the electrolyte；And
Power supply unit, there is anode and cathode, the anode can be electrically connected with the workpiece to be decontaminated, and the cathode can be with
The cathode electrical connection.
2. decontamination system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the imbibition component further includes shell, the shell
The imbibition part can be accommodated, and the shell can at least partly accommodate the cathode, the cathode is housed in the shell
Interior part can be contacted with the imbibition part.
3. decontamination system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the material of the imbibition part is selected from polyurethane foam
One of glue, lignose and polyacrylate.
4. decontamination system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the decontamination system further includes can be with the imbibition
The vacuum plant of component connection, the vacuum plant can vacuumize the imbibition component, so that the imbibition part can be with
The cathode and the workpiece to be decontaminated contact.
5. decontamination system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cathode be selected from Ce-W electrode, silver-colored tungsten electrode and
Titanium plates one of iridium electrode.
6. decontamination system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the decontamination system further includes liquid feed device, described
Liquid feed device can install the electrolyte, and the liquid feed device can be connected to the imbibition component, so that the feed flow fills
The electrolyte in setting can flow into the imbibition component, and can flow back to the liquid feed device from the imbibition component.
7. decontamination system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the liquid feed device include feed tank, solution feed pump and
Liquid pump is returned, the feed tank can install the electrolyte, and the solution feed pump can make the electrolyte in the feed tank
The imbibition component is flowed into, described time liquid pump can make the electrolyte of the imbibition component outflow flow into the feed tank.
8. decontamination system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the decontamination system further includes reaction tank, described anti-
Answer pond that can install electrolyte, and the pool wall of the reaction tank can be electrically connected with the cathode, the reaction tank can accommodate
The workpiece to be decontaminated and the cathode, when the pool wall of the reaction tank is electrically connected with the cathode, the cathode is born with described
Pole disconnects, and when the cathode is electrically connected with the cathode, the pool wall of the reaction tank and the cathode are disconnected.
9. a kind of decontamination method, which comprises the steps of:
Make imbibition part Contact cathod and workpiece to be decontaminated, the imbibition part absorption has electrolyte；And
To the cathode and the workpiece energization processing to be decontaminated, wherein the cathode is electrically connected with cathode, the work to be decontaminated
Part is electrically connected with anode.
10. decontamination method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that described to the cathode and the workpiece to be decontaminated
It is powered in the step of handling, current density 2A/cm2~20A/cm2。
11. decontamination method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that described to the cathode and the workpiece to be decontaminated
It is powered in the step of handling, the temperature of the electrolyte is 30 DEG C~90 DEG C.
12. decontamination method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that described to make imbibition part Contact cathod and work to be decontaminated
In the step of part, make spacing 1cm~5cm of the cathode and the workpiece to be decontaminated.
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| CN112176393A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-05 | 中核四川环保工程有限责任公司 | Electrochemical decontamination electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof |
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| US11342092B2 (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2022-05-24 | China Nuclear Sichuan Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for electrochemical decontamination and preparation method and application thereof |
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