CN109295493A - The electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant - Google Patents
The electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant Download PDFInfo
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- CN109295493A CN109295493A CN201811245087.3A CN201811245087A CN109295493A CN 109295493 A CN109295493 A CN 109295493A CN 201811245087 A CN201811245087 A CN 201811245087A CN 109295493 A CN109295493 A CN 109295493A
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- electrochemical
- contact device
- positive contact
- fluid reservoir
- decontamination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
- C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
- C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant, including fluid reservoir, cathode plate is installed below fluid reservoir, conducting wire is connected on cathode plate, liquid storage pot bottom is provided with through-hole, and through-hole bottom end sequentially passes through fluid reservoir, cathode plate；Positive contact device is detachably connected with outside fluid reservoir, positive contact device is provided with the accommodating chamber for accommodating cathode plate, lip ring is provided on positive contact device, cleaning chamber is constituted inside lip ring with positive contact device bottom surface, positive contact device bottom offers opening, open communication accommodating chamber and cleaning chamber.The present invention is for lesser Polluted area, the cleaning chamber that can be made up of positive contact device, lip ring carries out radionuclide region to pinpoint decontamination in situ, decontamination precision is high, clean effect is good, electrolyte will not be wasted on the metal surface without cleaning, not only save cleaning cost and secondary liquid waste amount is few.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cores to arrange retired and disposal of three wastes field, and in particular to the electrification of metal surface radioactive pollutant
Learn decontamination method in situ.
Background technique
In nuclear power plant, military nuclear power and institute, along with the operation of nuclear facilities equipment, maintenance, inspection and
Periodic inspection can generate a large amount of detachable and not easy to disassemble metallic pollution portions in spentnuclear fuel post-processing and the elimination of nuclear facilities
Part, such as pipeline, glove box etc..Its surface deposition and the primary radionuclides of attachment pollution have60Co、55Fe、63Ni and54Mn.It is right
The decontamination of the nuclear facilities such as these metallic pollution components, it is main using ways and means physically or chemically from its surface or inside,
All or part of contaminating radioactivity nucleic that removes is subtracted with preventing and reducing harm of the radionuclide to human and environment as far as possible
Few radioactive solid waste yield.
Electrochemical decontamination refers to the pollutant by electrodissolution metal surface, disengages it from metal surface and is dissolved in electricity
It solves in liquid, so that metal surface polishes, to achieve the purpose that decontamination.It has the advantage that metal body injury
It is smaller, so that surface is oxidized film covering, is not easy secondary pollution after dirt of dieing；Work efficiency is high, can be completed in a short time decontamination；
Chemical reagent usage amount is few, and the waste waste liquid of generation is also accordingly reduced；Soft, hard dirt can be removed, clean effect is good；Be conducive into
The disposition of one step, decontamination required cost are relatively low.Therefore, electrochemical decontamination is as the pollution gold generated in the operation of nuclear industry field
The decontamination method for belonging to component, is effective and is realistic.Also, it is generated in future in order to reduce retired waste
Amount exempts related decontamination method as with extremely low level radioactivity, and electrochemical decontamination is also up-and-coming method.
But electrochemical polish apparatus used in traditional electrochemical decontamination method is mainly slot type electrochemical decontamination,
Such as the patent of Publication No. CN205943483 discloses a kind of ultrasonic electrolysis automated decontamination dress for removing radioactive surface contamination
It sets, this device needs manual demolition widget part to be put into electrolytic cell, not only complex process but also electrolyte will be to entire zero
Component is regardless of whether have the place of pollution to be electrolysed, without specific aim, decontamination effect is low；Publication No. CN102628176A
Patent disclose a kind of moving cathode electrochemical cleaning device, which is equally applicable to cleaning bulk zone, and structure
Complexity uses and repairs inconvenience.Therefore, it is necessary to it is a kind of can for be not easy and the metal surface of non-dismountable workpiece on office
Portion Hotspot of Radioactivity region pinpoint the method for decontamination in situ to solve the problems of prior art.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the electrochemical in-situ decontamination methods of metal surface radioactive pollutant, existing to solve
Have in technology to being not easy and the decontamination process of non-dismountable metal works is complicated, there is no specific aim to cause decontamination radionuclide
At high cost and electrochemical decontamination apparatus structure complexity is not easy to the problem of repairing and using.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant, the method use electrochemical decontamination system,
The electrochemical decontamination system includes D.C. regulated power supply, anode metal presss from both sides and portable electrochemical cathode assembly, described portable
Formula electrochemical cathode device includes fluid reservoir, is equipped with cathode plate below the fluid reservoir, is connected with conducting wire on the cathode plate,
Liquid storage pot bottom is provided with through-hole, and the through-hole bottom end sequentially passes through fluid reservoir, cathode plate；Outside the fluid reservoir removably
It is connected with positive contact device, the positive contact device is provided with the accommodating chamber for accommodating cathode plate, also sets in the accommodating chamber
Be equipped with the fill-in pad being located at below cathode plate, be provided with lip ring on positive contact device, inside the lip ring with
Positive contact device bottom surface constitutes cleaning chamber, and positive contact device bottom offers opening, the open communication accommodating chamber and cleaning chamber；
It the described method comprises the following steps:
(A) anode of D.C. regulated power supply clamps workpiece to be decontaminated by anode metal folder；
(B) portable electrochemical cathode assembly is connected to the cathode of D.C. regulated power supply by conducting wire；
(C) lip ring is placed in workpiece surface radioactive pollution to be decontaminated region, and be compacted lip ring to make clearly
It is completely enclosed to wash chamber；Wherein, step (A)-(C) sequence in no particular order；
(D) electrolyte is added into fluid reservoir, and opens D.C. regulated power supply and carries out electrochemical decontamination；
(E) after completing decontamination, D.C. regulated power supply, and cleaning workpiece surface, cathode plate, positive contact device and annular are closed
Sealing element；
(F) it collects and the fill-in pad after cleaning generated secondary liquid waste and use in step (E) is uniformly processed.
In the prior art, slot type electrochemical decontamination is for cleaning dismountable components in batches, however for such as hot cell,
The radioactive pollution for saving the non-removable stainless steel work-piece surfaces such as pond wall surface, glove box table top is helpless, application
Range is relatively narrow, meanwhile, the process is more complicated for slot type electrochemical decontamination, if being used to a certain workpiece of individually cleaning, cleans at high cost；
And not only structure is complicated for moving cathode electrochemical cleaning device disclosed in Chinese patent CN102628176A, causes to install, make
With inconvenient and the same with slot type electrochemical decontamination with maintenance, which can not be directed to the radioactive nucleus of a certain smaller area
Element carries out concentration cleaning, i.e., to all areas, regardless of whether there is radionuclide, cleaning effect is the same, and not only makes
At the waste of electrolyte, cleaning effect is bad, and secondary liquid waste is more, does not have promotional value.
Moreover, that there is also detersive efficiencies is low, the decontamination time is long for traditional retired nuclear equipment electrochemical decontamination device, with
And waste treatment processes it is complicated the problems such as.So that staff is sudden and violent for a long time during carrying out decontamination process and aftertreatment technology
It is exposed in radioactive environment, is unfavorable for the health of staff.
In order to solve problems existing in the prior art, inventor devises one kind and is able to carry out metal surface part
The portable electrochemical cathode assembly of the fixed point of " hot spot " decontamination in situ, and it is directed to the portable electrochemical cathode assembly application
Utility model (application number: CN201820965346.9).Later, inventor persistently studies, around applying the portable electrification
The corresponding electrochemical decontamination method of the electrochemical decontamination system research and development of cathode assembly is learned, and is further determined by experimental method
The optimum reaction condition and electrolyte ratio of electrochemical decontamination method, significantly improves detersive efficiency and decontamination is greatly shortened
Time.
Specifically, electrochemical decontamination system applied by the experimental method include D.C. regulated power supply, anode metal folder and
Portable electrochemical cathode assembly.Wherein, the anode of D.C. regulated power supply is connected to anode metal folder, DC voltage-stabilizing by conducting wire
The cathode of power supply is connected to portable electrochemical cathode assembly by conducting wire.The overall structure of electrochemical decontamination system and positive and negative
The connection type of pole is the prior art, and the present invention is not specifically limited.
An improvement of the invention is the provision of the fixed point original position that one kind is able to carry out metal surface part " hot spot "
The portable electrochemical cathode assembly of decontamination.
Specifically, portable electrochemical cathode assembly includes fluid reservoir, is equipped with cathode plate below the fluid reservoir, preferably
Ground, cathode plate can use cathode titanium plates.The diameter of cathode plate can be excellent less than, greater than or equal to the diameter of liquid storage pot bottom
Selection of land, the diameter of cathode plate are equal to the diameter of liquid storage pot bottom, and as a preferred size of cathode plate, the diameter of cathode plate is
50mm.Cathode plate can be with the connection type of fluid reservoir bottom surface and connect, is threadedly coupled, is clamped or splices by fastener,
It can be fixed on fluid reservoir bottom surface by the way of welding, it is preferable that be provided with screw hole on cathode plate and fluid reservoir bottom surface, lead to
Cathode plate can be removably attached to below fluid reservoir by crossing the screw matched with screw hole.Conducting wire is connected on cathode plate,
The conducting wire is used for the cathode of external D.C. regulated power supply.The bottom of fluid reservoir is provided with through-hole, and the bottom end of through-hole sequentially passes through
Fluid reservoir, cathode plate, i.e. through-hole are connected to inside fluid reservoir and the lower space of cathode plate, the purpose that through-hole is arranged are to make liquid storage
The electrolyte held inside tank can be from fluid reservoir internal penetration to cathode plate, and finally infiltrates into the lower section of cathode plate, in order to
So that the electrolyte in fluid reservoir is slowly flowed to below cathode plate, the diameter of through-hole should not be too large, it is preferable that through-hole it is straight
Diameter is 1~3mm.
It is detachably connected with positive contact device outside fluid reservoir, while being provided with accommodating chamber in positive contact device to accommodate
Cathode plate, receiving described herein refer to that cathode plate is put into accommodating chamber completely.Fluid reservoir, positive contact device and cathode plate are set
It sets there are many modes, such as when cathode board diameter is less than the diameter of liquid storage pot bottom, the upper surface of positive contact device can be with
The lower surface connection of fluid reservoir or the inner surface of accommodating chamber of positive contact device and the side of fluid reservoir are detachably connected；When
When cathode board diameter is greater than or equal to the diameter of liquid storage pot bottom, the inner surface of the accommodating chamber of positive contact device and the side of fluid reservoir
Face is detachably connected.Preferably, cathode board diameter is equal in fluid reservoir base diameter and the central axes and fluid reservoir of cathode plate
The mode that axis collinear, the inner wall of the accommodating chamber of positive contact device and the lower half portion of liquid storage tank wall are connected through a screw thread is removable
The connection unloaded.When the accommodating chamber of positive contact device contains the lower half portion of fluid reservoir, it is provided with and is used in positive contact device
The through slot of conducting wire is walked to lead to conducting wire outside positive contact device from cathode plate.
Fill-in pad is additionally provided in accommodating chamber, the fill-in pad is located at below cathode plate.Preferably, the fill-in pad
Material is absorbent cotton.Fill-in pad is provided at least three benefits: first, fill-in pad further slows down the infiltration speed of electrolyte
Degree, and electrolyte is uniformly dispersed, the electrolyte into fill-in pad needs to continue lower infiltration just now after fill-in pad saturation extremely to clean
In chamber, avoid electrolyte cleaning chamber in be unevenly distributed caused by local concentration it is excessively high cause metal surface to damage, or
Person's local concentration is low to cause cleaning effect poor；Second, the fill-in pad of electrolyte saturation is downwardly projecting to opening due to gravity
Lower section, and finally contacted with workpiece to be decontaminated and constitute salt bridge progress decontamination, fill-in pad itself is also equipped with the effect of wiper, can wipe
The high radionuclide of part adhesive force is wiped, and the electrolyte on workpiece to be decontaminated is smeared uniformly；Third, being completed in decontamination
Afterwards, fill-in pad itself is in a saturated state, is adsorbed with electrochemical decontamination liquid, can rapidly be carried out by replacement fill-in pad next
Secondary use, meanwhile, fill-in pad has the function of collecting electrochemical decontamination liquid, is conducive to the subsequent processing work to electrochemical decontamination liquid
Skill.
It is provided with lip ring below positive contact device, the connection type of positive contact device and lip ring can be
Clamping, mounting are connected by fastener, and the material of lip ring can use the rubber of resistance to strong acid, such as ethylene-propylene-diene monomer
Glue.When portable electrochemical cathode assembly is placed on workpiece to be decontaminated, lip ring is by generating certain deformation with tight
It is thickly fitted on workpiece to be decontaminated, electrolyte is avoided to spread.It is collectively formed inside lip ring with positive contact device bottom surface
Clean chamber.The opening that positive contact device bottom opens up is for being connected to accommodating chamber and cleaning chamber, so that infiltrating into below fill-in pad
Electrolyte and fill-in pad itself can opening point enter in cleaning chamber.In use, lip ring fits closely
On workpiece to be decontaminated, cleaning chamber is completely enclosed, and electrolyte forms salt bridge in cleaning chamber, with clear after D.C. regulated power supply energization
Wash the radionuclide of regional area.Preferably, replaceable various sizes of according to the size of Polluted area on workpiece to be decontaminated
Lip ring, according to required electrode spacing, replaceable various sizes of positive contact device is so that cathode plate and anode wait for
The distance between decontamination workpiece is, such as 40~100mm.
It is designed by the structure of portable electrochemical cathode assembly, either dismountable workpiece or non-removable work
Part, large-scale workpiece or miniature workpiece can be cleaned radionuclide region thereon by way of electrochemistry；Together
When, it, can be by cleaning chamber that positive contact device, lip ring are constituted to radionuclide area for lesser Polluted area
Domain carries out pinpointing decontamination in situ, and decontamination precision is high, and clean effect is good, and electrolyte will not be wasted in the metal surface without cleaning
On, it has not only saved cleaning cost and secondary liquid waste amount is few；Moreover, the positive contact device of cathode assembly and fluid reservoir it
Between, between fluid reservoir and cathode plate, detachably connected mode, operation spirit are all made of between positive contact device and lip ring
Living, user can flexibly select the size of positive contact device and lip ring according to actual needs, the installation of equipment, disassembly,
It uses and repairs and is all very convenient.
Another improvement of the invention is that surrounding electrochemical decontamination system provides corresponding electrochemical decontamination method,
And it further determined the optimum reaction condition and electrolyte ratio of electrochemical decontamination method.
Specifically, method includes the following steps:
(A) anode of D.C. regulated power supply clamps workpiece to be decontaminated by anode metal folder.Wherein, anode metal folder passes through
The anode of conducting wire and D.C. regulated power supply connects, and anode metal presss from both sides fixed clamp on workpiece to be decontaminated such as steel plate.This field
It will be appreciated by the skilled person that anode metal folder should do extensive interpretation, all knots that can be clamped and be fixed on workpiece to be decontaminated
Structure should belong to anode metal folder.
(B) portable electrochemical cathode assembly is connected to the cathode of D.C. regulated power supply by conducting wire；
(C) lip ring is placed in workpiece surface radioactive pollution to be decontaminated region, and be compacted lip ring to make clearly
It is completely enclosed to wash chamber.Step (A)-(C) sequence is in no particular order.
(D) electrolyte is added into fluid reservoir, and opens D.C. regulated power supply and carries out electrochemical decontamination；
(E) after completing decontamination, D.C. regulated power supply, and cleaning workpiece surface, cathode plate, positive contact device and annular are closed
Sealing element；
(F) it collects and the fill-in pad after cleaning generated secondary liquid waste and use in step (E) is uniformly processed.
Through the above steps, fast and efficiently workpiece surface decontamination, and waste processing side can be realized under normal temperature conditions
Method is simple, shorten staff carry out decontamination process and aftertreatment technology during be exposed in radioactive environment when
Between, improve staff's operational safety.
In order to further increase detersive efficiency, shorten the decontamination time, inventor is obtained by orthogonal experiment method and imitated to decontamination
The primary and secondary of the influence factor of rate is concentration of electrolyte > electrode spacing > current density, and further determined preferred electrolyte
Proportion and reaction condition.Wherein, electrolyte includes HNO in the step (D)3, the HNO3The concentration of solution is 6~10mol/
L.Preferably, HNO3The concentration 10mol/L of solution.
It further, further include NaNO in the electrolyte3, as electrolyte, the NaNO3Content be 100g/L.
Further, the current density is (0.1~0.5) A/cm2, it is preferable that current density 0.3A/cm2。
Further, the cathode plate at a distance from workpiece to be decontaminated be 0.4~1.0cm, it is preferable that cathode plate with wait go
The distance of dirty workpiece surface is 0.4cm.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of portable electrochemical cathode assembly, which further includes being located above fluid reservoir
Top cover, adjusting through-hole, the inner space for adjusting through-hole connection top cover and exterior space, top cover are provided on the top cover
On be provided with adjust bolt and with adjust the adjusting screw hole that matches of bolt, the adjustings screw hole connection adjusting through-hole.It is preferred that
Ground, the diameter for adjusting through-hole is 2mm.By above-mentioned setting, top cover is used not only for preventing pollutant from falling into dirt in fluid reservoir
Contaminate electrolyte, additionally it is possible to adjust precession or back-out in screw hole by adjusting bolt, adjusting through-hole turned off or on, with control
Pressure inside fluid reservoir, to control the speed that electrolyte seeped through-hole.Specifically, when top cover covers opening above fluid reservoir
Mouthful, and adjust through-hole be conditioned bolt it is completely enclosed when, fluid reservoir inner space is closed structure, and with electrolyte gradually from
Through-hole permeates, and the pressure above and below electrolyte changes, and the seepage velocity of electrolyte reduces；It is opened when adjusting through-hole
When, the space above electrolyte is connected to external pressure, and seepage velocity is accelerated again.As can be seen that by above structure, so that
User can adjust the seepage velocity of electrolyte according to actual needs in operation, further increase electrolyte utilization rate and
The flexibility of operation.Preferably, the inner wall of the top cover is used with the outer wall of fluid reservoir and is threadedly coupled.
Further, the adjusting stud base is provided with gasket.Gasket can by self-deformation preferably with
Fitting inside through-hole is adjusted, and then reaches preferably sealing effect, while gasket can also play certain buffer function, avoid gold
The adjusting bolt of category avoids scratch to through-hole is adjusted.
Further, the fluid reservoir outer sheath is equipped with the shell being located above positive contact device, connects on the shell
There is handle, is provided with cabling channel in the handle.The shell above positive contact device is arranged in be conducive to form guarantor to fluid reservoir
Shield, meanwhile, the handle connected on shell can hold convenient for operator, and operator is facilitated to use.Preferably, handle passes through
The mode of bolt-hole is detachably connected to housing side.Cabling channel is provided in handle, for placing from positive contact device
In extend connection D.C. regulated power supply cathode conducting wire, avoid conducting wire arbitrarily place caused by it is inconvenient.
As the preferred technical solution of through-hole arrangement mode, the number of the through-hole is 6, the arrangement of 6 through-holes
Mode are as follows: 6 through-holes are located at 6 apexes of regular hexagon.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and benefits:
1, the present invention is for lesser Polluted area, the cleaning chamber that can be made up of positive contact device, lip ring
Radionuclide region is carried out to pinpoint decontamination in situ, decontamination precision is high, and clean effect is good, will not be wasted in electrolyte and be not necessarily to
It on the metal surface of cleaning, has not only saved cleaning cost and secondary liquid waste amount is few, there is extensive promotional value；
2, the present invention can further slow down the seepage velocity of electrolyte by the way that fill-in pad is arranged first, and electrolyte is divided
Dissipate uniformly, avoid electrolyte cleaning chamber in be unevenly distributed caused by local concentration it is excessively high cause metal surface to damage,
Or local concentration is low causes cleaning effect poor；Secondly, the fill-in pad of electrolyte saturation is downwardly projecting to opening due to gravity
It below mouthful, and is finally contacted with workpiece to be decontaminated and constitutes salt bridge progress decontamination, fill-in pad itself is also equipped with the effect of wiper, can
The high radionuclide of part adhesive force is wiped, and the electrolyte on workpiece to be decontaminated is smeared uniformly；Finally, being completed in decontamination
Afterwards, fill-in pad itself is in a saturated state, and is adsorbed with electrochemical decontamination liquid, can rapidly be carried out down by replacing fill-in pad
First use, meanwhile, fill-in pad has the function of collecting electrochemical decontamination liquid, is conducive to the subsequent processing to electrochemical decontamination liquid
Technique；
3, detersive efficiency of the present invention is high, and the decontamination time is short, and can carry out electrochemical decontamination reaction at normal temperature, therefore aobvious
Land the safety for improving staff when carrying out electrochemical decontamination technique；
4, the present invention be directed to nuclear waste two sources: carrying electrochemistry waste liquid electrolyte fill-in pad and cleaning two
Secondary waste liquid carries out unified collection and processing, simplifies post-processing difficulty, improves efficiency of post treatment.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of cathode plate in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is 4000 times of enlarged drawings of workpiece scanning electron microscope surface topography to be decontaminated after electrolysis；
Label and corresponding parts title in attached drawing:
1- fluid reservoir, 2- cathode plate, 3- through-hole, 4- positive contact device, 5- lip ring, 6- fill-in pad, 7- top cover, 8-
Adjust bolt, 9- shell, 10- handle, 11- cabling channel, 12- conducting wire, 13- workpiece to be decontaminated.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", " perpendicular
Directly ", the orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "high", " low " "inner", "outside" is orientation based on the figure or position
Relationship is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have
There is specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Embodiment as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant, the party
Method uses electrochemical decontamination system, and electrochemical decontamination system includes D.C. regulated power supply, anode metal folder and portable electrochemical
Cathode assembly, the portable electrochemical cathode assembly include fluid reservoir 1, and cathode plate 2, cathode plate 2 are equipped with below fluid reservoir 1
On be connected with conducting wire 12,1 bottom of fluid reservoir is provided with through-hole 3, and 3 bottom end of through-hole sequentially passes through fluid reservoir 1, cathode plate 2；The storage
Positive contact device 4 is detachably connected with outside flow container 1, the positive contact device 4 is provided with the receiving for accommodating cathode plate 2
Chamber is additionally provided with the fill-in pad 6 positioned at 2 lower section of cathode plate in the accommodating chamber, is provided with lip ring on positive contact device 4
5,5 inside of lip ring constitutes cleaning chamber with 4 bottom surface of positive contact device, and 4 bottom of positive contact device offers opening, institute
State open communication accommodating chamber and cleaning chamber；The material of the fill-in pad 6 is absorbent cotton；The number of the through-hole 3 be 6, described 6
The arrangement mode of a through-hole 3 are as follows: 6 through-holes 3 are located at 6 apexes of regular hexagon.
It the described method comprises the following steps:
(A) anode of D.C. regulated power supply clamps workpiece 13 to be decontaminated by anode metal folder；
(B) portable electrochemical cathode assembly is connected to the cathode of D.C. regulated power supply by conducting wire 12；
(C) lip ring 5 is placed in 13 surface radioactive pollution region of workpiece to be decontaminated, and is compacted lip ring 5
Keep cleaning chamber completely enclosed；Wherein, step (A)-(C) sequence in no particular order；
(D) electrolyte is added into fluid reservoir 1, and opens D.C. regulated power supply and carries out electrochemical decontamination；(E) decontamination is completed
Afterwards, D.C. regulated power supply, and cleaning workpiece surface, cathode plate 2, positive contact device 4 and lip ring 5 are closed；
(F) it collects and the fill-in pad 6 after cleaning generated secondary liquid waste and use in step (E) is uniformly processed；
Electrolyte is the HNO that concentration is 10mol/L in the step (D)3, further include electrolyte NaNO in electrolyte3, institute
State NaNO3Content be 100g/L；Response parameter are as follows: current density 0.3A/cm2；The cathode plate 2 and workpiece 13 to be decontaminated
Distance be 0.4cm；Reaction temperature is room temperature.
In order to verify the detersive efficiency of the above method, to mainly contain60It is solid as hot spot that the steaming raffinate of Co stains stainless steel
Surely workpiece 13 to be decontaminated is polluted, region area to be decontaminated is Ф 50mm.As shown in figure 3, after 30s cell reaction, surface without
Obvious hollow shape becomes porous fine and close reticular structure, illustrates 13 surface of workpiece to be decontaminated60Co is removed substantially.By calculating,
Its surface60Co level of pollution is from 19.160Bq/cm2It is reduced to 0.103Bq/cm2, detersive efficiency is up to 99.46%.Thus may be used
See, this method can carry out under normal temperature conditions, and can targetedly determine in a relatively short period of time specific region
Point decontamination in situ, decontamination precision is quasi-, and detersive efficiency is high, will not be wasted in electrolyte on the metal surface without cleaning, not only
It has saved cleaning cost and secondary liquid waste amount is few, there is extensive promotional value.
Embodiment 2:
On the basis of embodiment 1, portable electrochemical cathode assembly further includes the top cover 7 positioned at 1 top of fluid reservoir, top
It is provided with adjusting through-hole on lid 7, adjusts inner space and the exterior space of through-hole connection top cover 7, is provided with adjusting spiral shell on top cover 7
Bolt 8 and the adjusting screw hole to match with adjusting bolt 8, the adjusting screw hole connection adjust through-hole；8 bottom of adjusting bolt
Portion is provided with gasket；1 outer sheath of fluid reservoir is equipped with the shell 9 for being located at 4 top of positive contact device, connects on the shell 9
It is connected to handle 10, is provided with cabling channel 11 in the handle 10.
Make user in operation can be according to reality by top cover 7 and adjusting through-hole, adjusting bolt 8, adjusting screw hole
Demand adjusts the seepage velocity of electrolyte, further increases the utilization rate of electrolyte and the flexibility of operation.
Shell 9, which is conducive to form fluid reservoir 1, to be protected, meanwhile, the handle 10 connected on shell 9 can be convenient for operator
It holds, operator is facilitated to use.The cabling channel 11 being arranged in handle 10 is for placing the company extended from positive contact device 4
The conducting wire 12 for connecing D.C. regulated power supply cathode, it is inconvenient caused by avoiding conducting wire from arbitrarily placing.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant, the method uses electrochemical decontamination system, institute
Stating electrochemical decontamination system includes D.C. regulated power supply, anode metal folder and portable electrochemical cathode assembly, which is characterized in that
The portable electrochemical cathode assembly includes fluid reservoir (1), is equipped with cathode plate (2), the yin below the fluid reservoir (1)
It is connected on pole plate (2) conducting wire (12), fluid reservoir (1) bottom is provided with through-hole (3), and through-hole (3) bottom end sequentially passes through storage
Flow container (1), cathode plate (2)；It is detachably connected with positive contact device (4) outside the fluid reservoir (1), the positive contact device
(4) it is provided with the accommodating chamber for accommodating cathode plate (2), filling out below cathode plate (2) is additionally provided in the accommodating chamber
It fills pad (6), is provided on positive contact device (4) lip ring (5), lip ring (5) inside and positive contact device
(4) bottom surface constitutes cleaning chamber, and positive contact device (4) bottom offers opening, the open communication accommodating chamber and cleaning chamber；
It the described method comprises the following steps:
(A) anode of D.C. regulated power supply clamps workpiece (13) to be decontaminated by anode metal folder；
(B) portable electrochemical cathode assembly is connected to the cathode of D.C. regulated power supply by conducting wire (12)；
(C) lip ring (5) is placed in workpiece to be decontaminated (13) surface radioactive pollution region, and is compacted lip ring
(5) make cleaning chamber completely enclosed；Wherein, step (A)-(C) sequence in no particular order；
(D) electrolyte is added into fluid reservoir (1), and opens D.C. regulated power supply and carries out electrochemical decontamination；
(E) after completing decontamination, D.C. regulated power supply, and cleaning workpiece surface, cathode plate (2), positive contact device (4) and ring are closed
Shape sealing element (5)；
(F) it collects and the fill-in pad (6) after cleaning generated secondary liquid waste and use in step (E) is uniformly processed.
2. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Electrolyte includes HNO in the step (D)3, the HNO3The concentration of solution is 6~10mol/L.
3. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
It further include NaNO in the electrolyte3, the NaNO3Content be 100g/L.
4. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The current density is (0.1~0.5) A/cm2。
5. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The cathode plate (2) is 0.4~1.0cm at a distance from workpiece to be decontaminated (13).
6. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Further include the top cover (7) above fluid reservoir (1), adjusting through-hole, the adjusting through-hole connection are provided on the top cover (7)
The inner space of top cover (7) and exterior space, be provided on top cover (7) adjust bolt (8) and with adjust bolt (8) phase
The adjusting screw hole matched, the adjusting screw hole connection adjust through-hole.
7. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
Adjusting bolt (8) bottom is provided with gasket.
8. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Fluid reservoir (1) outer sheath is equipped with the shell (9) being located above positive contact device (4), is connected with handle on the shell (9)
(10), cabling channel (11) are provided in the handle (10).
9. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination method of metal surface radioactive pollutant described according to claim 1~any one of 8,
It is characterized in that, the material of the fill-in pad (6) is absorbent cotton.
10. the electrochemical in-situ decontamination side of metal surface radioactive pollutant described according to claim 1~any one of 8
Method, which is characterized in that the number of the through-hole (3) is 6, the arrangement mode of 6 through-holes (3) are as follows: 6 through-holes (3) point
Not Wei Yu regular hexagon 6 apexes.
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| CN109913936A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-06-21 | 中广核核电运营有限公司 | Decontamination system and decontamination method |
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| CN109295493B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-05-26 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Electrochemical in-situ decontamination method for radioactive pollutants on metal surface |
| CN111748837A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-09 | 中广核核电运营有限公司 | Immersion type electrolytic decontamination device |
| CN115762840A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-03-07 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Electrochemical decontamination device and decontamination method for pipeline |
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