CN109910542B - Vehicle and vehicle thermal management system - Google Patents
Vehicle and vehicle thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109910542B CN109910542B CN201711332235.0A CN201711332235A CN109910542B CN 109910542 B CN109910542 B CN 109910542B CN 201711332235 A CN201711332235 A CN 201711332235A CN 109910542 B CN109910542 B CN 109910542B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vehicle and a vehicle heat management system, wherein the vehicle heat management system comprises an air conditioning system cooling pipeline and a motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline, and an air-refrigerant heat exchanger inside the vehicle, a first expansion valve, an air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle and corresponding pipelines are sequentially arranged in the air conditioning system cooling pipeline; the vehicle thermal management system also includes a refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger, a first set of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger being disposed in a conduit between the exterior air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger and the first expansion valve, and a second set of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger being disposed in the motor cooling system cooling line. In the invention, when the air conditioning system is in a heating mode, waste heat in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system heats the refrigerant flowing through the first expansion valve through the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger, so that the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle can be prevented from frosting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vehicle and a vehicle thermal management system, and belongs to the technical field of electric automobiles.
Background
Energy conservation and emission reduction are development trends of the automobile industry in the world, and under the background, the application of electric automobiles is more and more popular and is considered as an inevitable way for automobile development by a plurality of experts and scholars. The driving motor and the motor controller system are core parts of the electric automobile. The efficiency of the drive motor is typically around 90%, which means that a 100kW motor generates approximately 10kWh of heat per hour. If the heat cannot be effectively discharged, the temperature inside the motor is increased sharply, so that the motor components are damaged, and the motor works abnormally or even is damaged. In addition, the motor controller also generates a large amount of heat, which may damage internal components. At present, a driving motor and a controller of an electric automobile mainly adopt a cooling liquid circulating device, and air and motor cooling liquid are subjected to forced convection heat exchange through a radiator and an electronic fan, so that heat generated by the motor is discharged out of the automobile.
On the other hand, when the temperature is lower in winter, a large amount of electric energy is consumed for heating in the vehicle. If the heat of the motor is recovered and supplied to the vehicle, the energy consumption of the whole vehicle can be saved. At present, an electric air conditioner with a heat pump function is mostly adopted for heating in an electric automobile. Under the low temperature working condition, the heat pump air conditioner has the problems of frosting of an evaporator outside the vehicle, low heat pump efficiency and the like. At this time, the evaporator outside the vehicle absorbs little heat from the environment, and it is difficult to meet the heating requirement. If can retrieve the motor heat to the air conditioner, not only can promote whole car heating capacity and whole car energy utilization efficiency, can also reduce the refrigeration load of air conditioner evaporimeter to restrain the evaporimeter and frosting, promote the heat pump efficiency of air conditioner.
The chinese patent document with the publication number of CN203460658U discloses a pure electric vehicle thermal management system, which realizes heat exchange between a circulation loop of a motor and a motor controller and a thermal management loop of a passenger compartment by arranging a plate heat exchanger in an air-conditioning and heating mode, and heats the passenger compartment by using waste heat of the motor and the motor controller, thereby realizing secondary utilization of energy and saving energy consumption of the whole vehicle. However, because the plate heat exchanger is connected in series with the heat dissipation water tank in the heat management loop of the motor and the motor controller, part of energy of the motor and the motor controller is wasted through the heat dissipation water tank in the heat exchange process, and the utilization efficiency of the energy is relatively low. In addition, the cooling medium directly enters the outdoor heat exchanger after passing through the expansion valve, which may cause the frosting phenomenon of the outdoor heat exchanger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle and a vehicle thermal management system, which are used for solving the problem that an outdoor heat exchanger is frosted when a cooling medium directly enters the outdoor heat exchanger after passing through an expansion valve.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a vehicle thermal management system, which comprises the following schemes:
the first scheme of the system is as follows: the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system is sequentially provided with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger inside the vehicle, a first expansion valve, an air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle and corresponding pipelines; the vehicle thermal management system also includes a refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger, a first set of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger being disposed in a conduit between the air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger external to the vehicle and a first expansion valve, and a second set of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger being disposed in the motor cooling system cooling line.
And a second system scheme: on the basis of the first system scheme, two ends of a second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger are connected with a motor cooling liquid bypass in parallel, and an air-cooling liquid heat exchanger is arranged in the motor cooling liquid bypass.
And a third system scheme: on the basis of the second system scheme, the second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger and the motor cooling liquid bypass are arranged in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system through a three-way connecting valve.
The scheme of the system is as follows: on the basis of the second scheme of the system, a second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger are connected with a first control valve in series, and a second control valve is arranged in the motor cooling liquid bypass in series.
The system scheme is five, six, seven and eight: on the basis of the first, second, third and fourth system schemes, a motor heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat of the motor and a motor controller heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat of the motor controller are arranged on the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system, and the motor heat dissipation structure and the motor controller heat dissipation structure are connected in parallel.
The invention also provides a vehicle, which comprises the following scheme:
the first scheme of the vehicle is as follows: the vehicle heat management system comprises an air conditioning system cooling pipeline and a motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline, wherein an air-refrigerant heat exchanger inside the vehicle, a first expansion valve, an air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle and corresponding pipelines are sequentially arranged in the air conditioning system cooling pipeline; the vehicle thermal management system also includes a refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger, a first set of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger being disposed in a conduit between the air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger external to the vehicle and a first expansion valve, and a second set of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger being disposed in the motor cooling system cooling line.
The second vehicle scheme is as follows: on the basis of the first vehicle scheme, two ends of a second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger are connected with a motor cooling liquid bypass in parallel, and an air-cooling liquid heat exchanger is arranged in the motor cooling liquid bypass.
The vehicle scheme III: on the basis of the second vehicle scheme, the second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger and the motor cooling liquid bypass are arranged in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system through a three-way connecting valve.
The vehicle scheme is four: on the basis of a second vehicle scheme, a second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger are connected with a first control valve in series, and a second control valve is arranged in the motor cooling liquid bypass in series.
Vehicle scheme five, six, seven, eight: on the basis of the first, second, third and fourth vehicle schemes, a motor heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat of a motor and a motor controller heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat of a motor controller are arranged on a cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system, and the motor heat dissipation structure and the motor controller heat dissipation structure are connected in parallel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the first group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger are arranged in a pipeline between the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the first expansion valve, the second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger are arranged in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system, and when the air conditioning system is in a heating mode, the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system heats the refrigerant flowing through the first expansion valve in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system through the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle is increased, the heat exchange quantity of the refrigerant is reduced, the frosting of the refrigerant is inhibited, and the heating performance of the heat pump is improved.
Furthermore, the motor cooling liquid bypass is arranged at two ends of the second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger in parallel, the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger is arranged in the motor cooling liquid bypass, when the air-conditioning system is in a heating mode, the cooling liquid part in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system is controlled to even completely flow through the second group of ports of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger, the medium in the cooling pipeline of the air-conditioning system is heated, the situation that the medium in the cooling pipeline of the air-conditioning system is heated after all the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system passes through the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger is avoided, the utilization rate of waste heat generated by the motor and the controller thereof can be effectively improved, and the effect of inhibiting the frosting of the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger outside the vehicle is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic principle structure of the vehicle thermal management system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the port distribution of the four-way reversing valve of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a port distribution for a plate heat exchanger of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the port distribution of the three-way junction valve of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the thermal management system of the vehicle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a vehicle, which can be different types such as a car, a passenger car and the like without limitation on the types. The vehicle comprises a vehicle thermal management system, and when a heat pump air conditioner is started to heat, the vehicle thermal management system adopts air conditioner refrigerants to dissipate heat of a motor and a motor controller, so that the heat of the motor and the motor controller is absorbed and transferred into the vehicle. As shown in fig. 1, a coolant line (motor heat dissipation structure) of the (driving) motor and a coolant line (motor controller heat dissipation structure) of the motor controller are connected in parallel, and a refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger and an air-coolant heat exchanger are connected in parallel at a heat dissipation end. When the air conditioner is not operated or the refrigeration mode is started, closing a pipeline of the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger, and using the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger to dissipate heat of the motor and the controller thereof; when the air conditioner starts a heating mode, the water path of the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger is closed, and the refrigerant-cooling liquid heat exchanger is used for radiating heat for the motor and the controller thereof.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system according to the present invention, which includes an air conditioning system cooling pipeline and a motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline, wherein the air conditioning system cooling pipeline is provided with a compressor 1, a four-way reversing valve 2, an in-vehicle air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, an out-vehicle air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4, a plate heat exchanger 5, an electronic expansion valve 6 (a first expansion valve) and corresponding pipelines, and the air conditioning system cooling pipeline is filled with a cooling medium (refrigerant) for heating or cooling the vehicle interior. The cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is internally provided with an expansion water tank 7, a plate type heat exchanger 5, an air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9, a water pump 10, a motor 11 (with a cooling liquid water jacket) and a motor controller 12 (with a cooling liquid water jacket), a cooling liquid pipeline (a motor heat dissipation structure) of the motor 11 is connected with a cooling liquid pipeline (a motor controller heat dissipation structure) of the motor controller 12 in parallel, and a cooling medium (cooling liquid) for cooling the motor and the motor controller is arranged in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system.
Wherein, the first group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5 is connected in series in a pipeline between the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle and the first expansion valve 6, and the second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5 is connected in series in a cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system. And motor cooling liquid bypasses are connected in parallel at two ends of the second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5, and the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is connected in series in the motor cooling liquid bypasses. In the specific setting process, the motor cooling liquid bypass and the second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5 are arranged on a cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system through a three-way connecting valve 8. Of course, as another embodiment, a pipeline may be directly connected in parallel to the motor coolant bypass and the second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5, and a first control valve may be provided in series to the second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5, and a second control valve may be provided in series to the motor coolant bypass to control the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the motor coolant bypass and the second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5. It is also possible to reserve only one of the two control valves to regulate the coolant flow in the second set of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5 and the air-coolant heat exchanger 9.
The expansion tank 7 is placed at the highest point of the cooling liquid circulation for the discharge of the gas in the cooling liquid. The air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 inside the vehicle, the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle and the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 are all provided with matched electronic fans. The port structure of the four-way reversing valve 2 is schematically shown in fig. 3, wherein one group of ports a1 and C1 are respectively connected with two ports of the compressor 1 through pipelines, and one group of ports B1 and D1 are respectively connected with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 inside the vehicle and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle through pipelines. The port structure of the plate heat exchanger 5 is schematically shown in fig. 4, where the first group of ports a2 and B2 are connected to the first expansion valve 6 and the exterior air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4, respectively, by pipes, and the second group of ports C2 and D2 are connected to the three-way connection valve 8 and the air-coolant heat exchanger 9, respectively, by pipes. The three-way connection valve 8 has a function of automatically controlling the flow direction of the fluid to control the flow path of the cooling fluid, and the port structure is schematically shown in fig. 5, and ports a3, B3 and C3 are respectively connected with the motor 11 and the motor controller 12, the plate heat exchanger 5 and the air-cooling fluid heat exchanger 9 through pipes.
In the present embodiment, the plate heat exchanger 5 is used as a specific refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger, and may be replaced by other heat exchangers; the cooling medium in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system and the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 50 vol% of ethylene glycol aqueous solution. Of course, as other embodiments, the cooling medium may be water or other suitable coolant.
The first embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system is implemented and controlled in the following manner:
(i) when the air conditioning panel is not turned on, the compressor 1 does not operate, and the refrigerant in the cooling line of the air conditioning system does not circulate. A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with a C3 (the interface is shown in figure 5), the water pump 10 is started, and an electronic fan matched with the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is started. At this time, the flow sequence of the coolant in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8C3 → 9 → 10.
(ii) When the air conditioner panel is opened to be in a heating mode, the compressor 1 works, the A1 and the B1 in the four-way reversing valve 2 are communicated, the C1 and the D1 are communicated (the interface is shown in figure 3), the electronic fan matched with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 inside the vehicle and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle is opened, and the electronic expansion valve 6 is opened. At this time, the flow sequence of the refrigerant in the air conditioning system cooling line is 1 → 2a1 → 2B1 → 3 → 6 → 5a2 → 5B2 → 4 → 2D1 → 2C1 → 1. A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with B3, the water pump 10 is started, and an electronic fan matched with the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is closed. At this time, the flow sequence of the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8B3 → 5C2 → 5D2 → 10.
(iii) When the air conditioner panel is opened to be in a refrigeration mode, the compressor 1 works, the A1 and the D1 in the four-way reversing valve 2 are communicated, the B1 and the C1 are communicated, the electronic fans matched with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 inside the vehicle and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle are opened, and the electronic expansion valve 6 is opened. At this time, the refrigerant flow sequence is 1 → 2a1 → 2D1 → 4 → 5B2 → 5a2 → 6 → 3 → 2B1 → 2C1 → 1. A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with a C3, a water pump 10 is started, and an electronic fan matched with the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is started. At this time, the flow sequence of the coolant in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8C3 → 9 → 10.
In the first embodiment of the vehicle heat management system, the plate heat exchanger 5 is connected in series with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle, and the plate heat exchanger 5 is arranged between the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle and the electronic expansion valve 6, so that the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system can be raised by preferentially utilizing the heat of the motor and the controller thereof in winter, the temperature of the refrigerant in the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle is raised, the heat exchange amount of the refrigerant is reduced, the frosting of the refrigerant is inhibited, and the heating performance of the heat pump is improved. By adopting the parallel connection structure of the plate type heat exchanger 5 and the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9, the cooling liquid of the motor and the controller thereof can exchange heat only through the plate type heat exchanger in winter, thereby increasing the heat exchange amount of the plate type heat exchanger and enhancing the inhibition effect on the frosting of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle. Of course, as another embodiment, the second set of ports of the plate heat exchanger 5 and the air-coolant heat exchanger 9 may be connected in series. The motor and the motor controller adopt a cooling pipeline parallel structure, because the motor 11 and the motor controller 12 thereof have larger heat dissipation capacity, the temperature of the components is higher in summer, if a serial structure is used, the cooling liquid is heated after passing through the former component, the water temperature may exceed the inlet water temperature requirement of the latter component, and the alarm or other faults are caused.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, in which, compared with the first embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system, air-conditioning refrigerant bypasses are further provided at both ends of the first group of ports a2 and B2 of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger 5, and the exterior air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 originally serially connected in the cooling line of the air-conditioning system is changed to be serially connected in the air-conditioning refrigerant bypasses, that is, the structure in which the first group of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger 5 and the exterior air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 are serially connected in the first embodiment is changed to the structure in which the first group of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger 5 and the exterior air-to-. The electronic expansion valves 6 originally connected in series with the first set of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger 5 are accordingly replaced with two, respectively a passenger compartment-side electronic expansion valve 6-1 (second expansion valve) connected in series with the exterior air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 and a heat exchanger-side electronic expansion valve 6-2 (third expansion valve) connected in series with the first set of ports of the refrigerant-to-coolant heat exchanger. Wherein the refrigerant in the air conditioning system cooling line flows in a direction from the passenger compartment side electronic expansion valve 6-1 to the exterior air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 and from the heat exchanger side electronic expansion valve 6-2 to the first set of ports of the refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger when the air conditioning system is in the heating mode. Of course, as another embodiment, the heat exchanger-side electronic expansion valve 6-2 connected in series with the first group of ports of the refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger may be omitted.
The second embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system is implemented and controlled in the following manner:
(i) when the air conditioning panel is not turned on, the compressor 1 does not operate, and the refrigerant in the cooling line of the air conditioning system does not circulate. A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with a C3 (the interface is shown in figure 5), the water pump 10 is started, and an electronic fan matched with the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is started. At this time, the flow sequence of the coolant in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8C3 → 9 → 10.
(ii) When the air-conditioning panel is opened to be in a heating mode, the compressor 1 works, an A1 and a B1 in the four-way reversing valve 2 are communicated, a C1 and a D1 are communicated, an electronic fan matched with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 inside the vehicle and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle is opened, and the electronic expansion valve 6-1 at the passenger compartment side and the electronic expansion valve 6-2 at the heat exchanger side are both opened. At this time, the refrigerant flow of the cooling line of the air conditioning system is divided into two paths, 1 → 2a1 → 2B1 → 3 → 6-1 → 4 → 2D1 → 2C1 → 1 and 1 → 2a1 → 2B1 → 3 → 6-2 → 5a2 → 5B2 → 2D1 → 2C1 → 1, respectively. A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with B3, the water pump 10 is started, and an electronic fan matched with the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is closed. At this time, the flow sequence of the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8B3 → 5C2 → 5D2 → 10.
(iii) When the air conditioner panel is opened to be in a refrigeration mode, the compressor 1 works, an A1 in the four-way reversing valve 2 is communicated with a D1, a B1 in the four-way reversing valve 2 is communicated with a C1, an electronic fan matched with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 in the vehicle and an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle is opened, an electronic expansion valve 6-1 on the passenger area side is opened, and an electronic expansion valve 6-2 on the heat exchanger side is closed. At this time, the refrigerant flow sequence in the air conditioning system cooling line is 1 → 2a1 → 2D1 → 4 → 6-1 → 3 → 2B1 → 2C1 → 1. A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with a C3, a water pump 10 is started, and an electronic fan matched with the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is started. At this time, the flow sequence of the coolant in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8C3 → 9 → 10.
In the embodiment, when the air conditioning panel is opened to be in the heating mode, a small amount of refrigerant in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system flows through the expansion valve 6-1 by controlling the opening degrees of the expansion valve 6-1 and the expansion valve 6-2, so that the phenomenon that the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle is frosted due to low-temperature refrigerant flowing through the expansion valve 6-1 is avoided, a large amount of refrigerant in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system flows through the expansion valve 6-2 and exchanges heat with cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system through the plate type heat exchanger 5, and the waste heat utilization rate of the motor and the motor controller is improved.
Compared with the first embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system, the pressure loss of the refrigerant in the second embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system is smaller, the opening degrees of the electronic expansion valves 6-1 and 6-2 can be adjusted according to the heating power of the motor, the frosting of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle is restrained, meanwhile, the waste heat of the motor is absorbed to the maximum extent, the system is complex, and the control difficulty is high.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, and compared with the first embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system, instead of providing a special plate heat exchanger 5, a set of heat exchange mechanism 13 is provided on the heat radiation surface of the external air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 serially connected in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system, and two ports of the heat exchange mechanism are serially connected in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system. The heat exchange mechanism 13 is in heat exchange connection with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle, that is, the cooling liquid flowing through the heat exchange mechanism in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system can exchange heat with the refrigerant flowing through the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system. The air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle and the heat exchange mechanism constitute a mutual heat exchange unit, two ports of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle constitute a first group of ports of the mutual heat exchange unit, and two ports of the heat exchange mechanism constitute a second group of ports of the mutual heat exchange unit.
Two ports of the heat exchange mechanism 13 are connected in parallel with a motor coolant bypass, and the air-coolant heat exchanger 9 is disposed in the motor coolant bypass. At this time, the heat exchange mechanism 13 and the air-coolant heat exchanger 9 are arranged in the motor cooling system cooling line through the three-way valve 8. The three-way valve 8 may be replaced with two control valves, one of which is connected in series with the heat exchanging mechanism 13 and the other of which is connected in series with the air-coolant heat exchanger 9, similarly to the first embodiment, to regulate the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heat exchanging mechanism 13 and the air-coolant heat exchanger 9. In addition, as another embodiment, the air-coolant heat exchanger 9 may be directly connected in series in the cooling line of the motor heat dissipation system, and in this case, the heat exchange mechanism 13 and the air-coolant heat exchanger 9 may be connected in series.
In the present embodiment, the heat exchange mechanism is provided on the winter refrigerant inlet side (the side closer to the electronic expansion valve 6) of the exterior air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4. The heat exchange mechanism is wound on the radiating surface of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle, and the heat exchange mechanism can be wound tightly close to the radiating surface of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle and can also surround the periphery of the radiating surface of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle but is not in contact with the radiating surface. In order to enhance the heat exchange effect, the winding direction of the heat exchange mechanism is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the refrigerant in the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle. In addition, the heat exchange unit and the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 constitute an independent heat dissipation unit 44, and share a set of electronic fans, which can be used for heat dissipation of the heat exchange unit and the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9, and the distance between the heat exchange unit and the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is not limited, as long as the distance is set within the working range of the set of electronic fans, so that the heat dissipation requirement can be met.
The third embodiment of the vehicle thermal management system is implemented and controlled in the following manner:
(i) when the air conditioning panel is not turned on, the compressor 1 does not operate, and the refrigerant in the cooling line of the air conditioning system does not circulate. The A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with the B3 (the interface is shown in figure 5), the water pump 10 is started, and the electronic fan of the heat dissipation unit 44 is started. At this time, the flow sequence of the coolant in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8B3 → 9 → 10.
(ii) When the air conditioner panel is opened to be in a heating mode, the compressor 1 works, the A1 and the B1 in the four-way reversing valve 2 are communicated, the C1 and the D1 are communicated, the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 in the vehicle and the electronic fan of the heat dissipation unit 44 are opened, and the electronic expansion valve 6 is opened. At this time, the refrigerant flow sequence in the air conditioning system cooling line is 1 → 2a1 → 2B1 → 3 → 6 → 4 → 2D1 → 2C1 → 1. A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with C3, the water pump 10 is started, and the flow sequence of the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8C3 → 13 → 10.
(iii) When the air conditioner panel is opened to be in a refrigeration mode, the compressor 1 works, the A1 and the D1 in the four-way reversing valve 2 are communicated, the B1 and the C1 are communicated, the electronic fans matched with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 inside the vehicle and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle are opened, and the electronic expansion valve 6 is opened. At this time, the refrigerant flow sequence in the air conditioning system cooling line is 1 → 2a1 → 2D1 → 4 → 6 → 3 → 2B1 → 2C1 → 1. A3 in the three-way connecting valve 8 is communicated with B3, the water pump 10 is started, and the electronic fan matched with the air-cooling liquid heat exchanger 9 is started. At this time, the flow sequence of the coolant in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system is 10 → 11/12 → 8A3 → 8B3 → 9 → 10.
Compared with the first embodiment of the vehicle heat management system, the third embodiment of the vehicle heat management system does not need to be provided with a special heat exchanger, but adds a corresponding heat exchange structure on the basis of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle to serve as the heat exchanger to absorb waste heat of the motor and the motor controller in cooling liquid of a cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system, so that the frosting of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4 outside the vehicle can be prevented, the energy utilization rate is improved, and the volume and the weight of the system can be saved.
The air conditioner in all the embodiments described above refers to an air conditioning apparatus capable of achieving cooling and heating, and here refers to a pure electric heat pump air conditioner for a new energy vehicle. As a matter of course, as another embodiment, the air conditioner may be replaced with a heat pump unit that can only achieve a heating function, and in the heating process in winter, the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system may achieve the waste heat absorption function in the cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system.
When the temperature of a passenger area is low in winter and an air conditioner needs to be started, the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system is adopted to absorb waste heat of the motor and the controller thereof and convey the waste heat to the passenger area so as to reduce the heat absorption of the evaporator, thereby realizing the utilization of the waste heat of the motor, reducing the heating energy consumption of the whole vehicle and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle; and moreover, the frosting of the air conditioner evaporator under the low-temperature working condition can be inhibited, and the heat pump efficiency of the air conditioner is improved.
Claims (8)
1. A vehicle heat management system comprises an air conditioning system cooling pipeline and a motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline, and is characterized in that an air-refrigerant heat exchanger inside a vehicle, a first expansion valve, an air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle and corresponding pipelines are sequentially arranged in the air conditioning system cooling pipeline; the vehicle thermal management system further comprises a plate heat exchanger, wherein a first group of ports of the plate heat exchanger are arranged in a pipeline between the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the first expansion valve, and a second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger are arranged in a cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system;
the motor heat dissipation system comprises a motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline, a motor controller heat dissipation system cooling pipeline and a motor control system heat dissipation system, wherein the motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline is provided with a motor heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat of a motor and a motor controller heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat of a motor controller;
the first group of ports of the plate heat exchanger are a first port and a second port, the first port is connected with a first expansion valve through a pipeline, and the second port is connected with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle through a pipeline;
the plate type heat exchanger is connected with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle in series, so that the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling pipeline of the air-conditioning system can be raised by preferentially utilizing the heat of the motor and the controller thereof in winter;
when the air conditioning system is in a heating mode, the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system heats the refrigerant flowing through the first expansion valve in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system through the plate heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle is increased, the heat exchange quantity of the refrigerant is reduced, the frosting of the refrigerant is inhibited, and the heating performance of the heat pump is improved.
2. The vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein a motor coolant bypass is connected in parallel to both ends of the second set of ports of the plate heat exchanger, and an air-coolant heat exchanger is disposed in the motor coolant bypass.
3. The vehicle thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the second set of ports of the plate heat exchanger and the motor coolant bypass are disposed in the motor cooling system cooling line through a three-way junction valve.
4. The vehicle thermal management system of claim 2, wherein a first control valve is connected in series with the second set of ports of the plate heat exchanger, and a second control valve is connected in series with the motor coolant bypass.
5. A vehicle comprises a vehicle thermal management system, wherein the vehicle thermal management system comprises an air conditioning system cooling pipeline and a motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline, and is characterized in that an air-refrigerant heat exchanger inside the vehicle, a first expansion valve, an air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle and corresponding pipelines are sequentially arranged in the air conditioning system cooling pipeline; the vehicle thermal management system further comprises a plate heat exchanger, wherein a first group of ports of the plate heat exchanger are arranged in a pipeline between the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the first expansion valve, and a second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger are arranged in a cooling pipeline of the motor heat dissipation system;
the motor heat dissipation system comprises a motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline, a motor controller heat dissipation system cooling pipeline and a motor control system heat dissipation system, wherein the motor heat dissipation system cooling pipeline is provided with a motor heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat of a motor and a motor controller heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat of a motor controller;
the first group of ports of the plate heat exchanger are a first port and a second port, the first port is connected with a first expansion valve through a pipeline, and the second port is connected with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle through a pipeline;
the plate type heat exchanger is connected with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle in series, so that the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling pipeline of the air-conditioning system can be raised by preferentially utilizing the heat of the motor and the controller thereof in winter;
when the air conditioning system is in a heating mode, the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline of the motor cooling system heats the refrigerant flowing through the first expansion valve in the cooling pipeline of the air conditioning system through the plate heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the air-refrigerant heat exchanger outside the vehicle is increased, the heat exchange quantity of the refrigerant is reduced, the frosting of the refrigerant is inhibited, and the heating performance of the heat pump is improved.
6. The vehicle of claim 5, characterized in that a motor coolant bypass is connected in parallel to both ends of the second set of ports of the plate heat exchanger, and an air-coolant heat exchanger is disposed in the motor coolant bypass.
7. The vehicle of claim 6, characterized in that the second set of ports of the plate heat exchanger and the motor coolant bypass are disposed in the motor cooling system cooling line through a three-way junction valve.
8. The vehicle of claim 6, characterized in that a first control valve is connected in series with the second set of ports of the plate heat exchanger and a second control valve is connected in series with the motor coolant bypass.
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| CN201711332235.0A CN109910542B (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2017-12-13 | Vehicle and vehicle thermal management system |
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| CN201711332235.0A CN109910542B (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2017-12-13 | Vehicle and vehicle thermal management system |
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| CN109910542A CN109910542A (en) | 2019-06-21 |
| CN109910542B true CN109910542B (en) | 2021-03-26 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110422032A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-08 | 郑州科林车用空调有限公司 | A kind of integral new-energy passenger Waste Heat Recovery air-conditioning system |
| CN113400885A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-17 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Vehicle, air conditioning system for vehicle and refrigerating and heating method |
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| FR2988467A1 (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-27 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Heat pump type heating installation for heating air in interior of hybrid car, has single condenser including internal water circulation circuit connectable with coolant circuit of thermal engine or air/water type heat exchanger |
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| CN109910542A (en) | 2019-06-21 |
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Address after: 450061 Yudao Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee after: Yutong Bus Co.,Ltd. Address before: 450016 Yutong Industrial Zone, eighteen Li River, Henan, Zhengzhou Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU YUTONG BUS Co.,Ltd. |
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