CN114435075A - Finished automobile thermal management system and method for pure electric commercial vehicle - Google Patents

Finished automobile thermal management system and method for pure electric commercial vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114435075A
CN114435075A CN202210270420.6A CN202210270420A CN114435075A CN 114435075 A CN114435075 A CN 114435075A CN 202210270420 A CN202210270420 A CN 202210270420A CN 114435075 A CN114435075 A CN 114435075A
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Prior art keywords
way valve
heat
battery
motor
temperature
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CN202210270420.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李树浩
邹玉霞
金增兵
刘保国
安东
李晓艳
赵宗艳
李士博
马磊
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China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Jinan Power Co Ltd
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China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Jinan Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210270420.6A priority Critical patent/CN114435075A/en
Publication of CN114435075A publication Critical patent/CN114435075A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/04—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant from cooling liquid of the plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3223—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or type of the compressor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B60K11/04—Arrangement or mounting of radiators, radiator shutters, or radiator blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a pure electric commercial vehicle whole vehicle thermal management system and a pure electric commercial vehicle whole vehicle thermal management method, which comprise the following steps: an HVAC subsystem; the HVAC subsystem includes: the system comprises a compressor, a refrigeration three-way valve, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a battery and a heat pump; the compressor is connected with the condenser through a refrigeration three-way valve; the condenser and the heat pump are respectively connected with the expansion valve; the output end of the expansion valve is respectively connected with the battery and the evaporator; the battery and the evaporator are respectively connected with the compressor. The invention reduces the redundancy of parts such as a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and the like, and saves the cost of a battery pack cooling module; in the aspect of the energy efficiency ratio of the whole vehicle, the capacity utilization rate of the whole vehicle of the vehicle is improved, particularly in winter, the waste heat of a motor is effectively utilized, the power consumption of heating a cab can be changed from 10kW to 3kW in winter, and the driving mileage of the vehicle is greatly improved; in the aspect of the comfort of the cab, the heating effect of the cab in winter is improved.

Description

Finished automobile thermal management system and method for pure electric commercial vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of finished automobile thermal management of electric automobiles, in particular to a finished automobile thermal management system and method of a pure electric commercial automobile.
Background
At present, the thermal characteristics of the whole electric automobile are greatly changed along with the change of a power system, which is different from the traditional internal combustion engine automobile. The entire vehicle thermal management of the pure electric vehicle not only needs to meet the requirement of comfortable driving of a passenger compartment, but also needs to realize uniform management of the entire vehicle through heat transfer among the parts such as the motor, the battery, the refrigeration unit, the heat pump unit and the like, and maintain all the parts to be always at safe working temperature.
At the present stage, the thermal management of the pure electric commercial vehicle cannot realize the systematic thermal management of the whole vehicle. There are, but not limited to, the following problems:
a) the battery pack heat management system is an independent module, namely the module is provided with an independent refrigerating device and a PTC heating device, so that the whole vehicle is provided with a second set of refrigerating device except a refrigerating device of a cab HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) system, and the redundancy and the cost increase of parts of the whole vehicle are caused;
b) the winter heating of the cab is nearly dependent on a water heating or air heating PTC heater, and the endurance process of the electric vehicle in winter is directly reduced by about 20 percent;
c) in the existing pure electric commercial vehicle provided with the heat pump, the heat pump unit directly absorbs heat from the external environment, so that the efficiency is low and the heating effect is poor;
d) in winter, the battery pack completely depends on the PTC of the battery module to heat the battery in a low-power state, so that the electric quantity of the battery is additionally consumed;
e) the heat of the motor heat dissipation system (including an inverter, a charger, a motor controller, etc.) is directly discharged to the external environment through a radiator, which causes heat waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a whole vehicle thermal management system of a pure electric commercial vehicle, which realizes unified management of heat of a whole vehicle from the perspective of the whole vehicle.
The system comprises: an HVAC subsystem; the HVAC subsystem includes: the system comprises a compressor, a refrigeration three-way valve, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a battery and a heat pump;
the first end of the compressor is connected with the input end of the condenser through the port A and the port B of the refrigeration three-way valve; the first end of the compressor is also connected with a refrigerant input end of the heat pump through an A port and a C port of the refrigeration three-way valve;
the output end of the condenser and the refrigerant output end of the heat pump are respectively connected with the input end of the expansion valve; the output end of the expansion valve is respectively connected with the refrigerant input end of the battery and the input end of the evaporator; the refrigerant output end of the battery and the output end of the evaporator are respectively connected with the second end of the compressor.
Further, it should be noted that the method further includes: a battery thermal management subsystem;
the battery thermal management subsystem includes: the system comprises a liquid cooling battery pack, a four-way valve, a first water pump, a battery proportion three-way valve and a first water heater;
the output end of the liquid cooling battery pack is connected with the input end of the first water pump through the end C and the end B of the four-way valve; the output end of the first water pump is connected with the input end of the cooling liquid of the battery through the end A and the end C of the battery proportional three-way valve; the cooling liquid output end of the battery is connected with the input end of the liquid cooling battery pack through the first water heater.
Further, it should be noted that the method further includes: a motor heat dissipation subsystem;
the motor heat dissipation subsystem includes: the system comprises a motor, a radiator proportion three-way valve, a radiator module and a second water pump;
the output end of the motor is connected with the input end of the radiator module through the end A and the end B of the radiator proportional three-way valve; the output end of the radiator module is connected with the input end of the second water pump through the end A and the end D of the four-way valve; the output end of the second water pump is connected with the motor;
the working mode of the four-way valve is that the A end is communicated with the B end, and the C end is communicated with the D end.
It should be further noted that the output end of the motor is connected with the input end of the cooling liquid of the heat pump through the end a and the end C of the proportional three-way valve of the radiator; the cooling liquid output end of the heat pump and the output end of the radiator module are respectively connected with the input end of the second water pump through the A end and the D end of the four-way valve; the output end of the second water pump is connected with the motor.
It is further noted that the evaporator is arranged in the cab, and a warm air subsystem is also arranged in the cab;
the warm air subsystem includes: the heating core, the third water pump and the second water heater;
the output end of the warm core is connected with the input end of a second water heater, the output end of the second water heater is connected with the input end of a third water pump, and the output end of the third water pump is connected with the input end of the warm core; the second water heater heats the cooling liquid and heats the cab through the heating core.
It is further noted that the refrigerants used in the HVAC subsystem include, but are not limited to, R134a, R407C, R1234yf, CO2Etc.;
the cooling fluid used by the battery pack thermal management subsystem includes, but is not limited to, a glycol/water solution.
The invention also provides a whole vehicle thermal management method of the pure electric commercial vehicle, which comprises the following steps: the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs heat from the cab, is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through the compressor, flows into the condenser through the port A and the port B of the refrigeration three-way valve, discharges heat to the external environment, is changed into medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant through the expansion valve, so that the temperature in the cab is in a preset temperature range;
the refrigerant which is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant by the expansion valve passes through the battery, absorbs heat from the battery and enables the battery to operate in a preset temperature range;
then the refrigerant flows back to the compressor to be changed into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
It is further noted that the method further comprises: the cooling liquid absorbs heat generated by the liquid cooling battery pack, enters the battery through the C end and the B end of the four-way valve, the first water pump and the A end and the C end of the battery proportional three-way valve in sequence, transfers the heat to the battery, and exchanges heat with a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant of the battery;
and the cooling liquid after heat exchange flows back to the liquid-cooled battery pack through the first water heater.
It is further noted that the method further comprises: the cooling liquid absorbs heat from the motor, flows into the radiator module through the end A and the end B of the radiator proportional three-way valve to cool the cooling liquid, and flows back to the motor through the end A and the end D of the four-way valve and the second water pump to cool the motor.
It should be further noted that, under the working condition of driving in winter, the cooling liquid flowing out of the motor flows into the heat pump while the motor naturally radiates heat
The cooling liquid absorbs heat from the motor, and one part of the cooling liquid transfers the heat to the heat pump through the A end and the C end of the radiator proportional three-way valve to exchange heat with a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump;
after absorbing heat from the cooling liquid, the refrigerant in the heat pump flows back to the compressor through the port A and the port C of the refrigeration three-way valve and is changed into a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant;
the compressor outputs high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerants to the evaporator to release heat to the cab and change the refrigerants into medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerants, the medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerants are changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerants through the expansion valve, and then the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerants flow back to the compressor through the condenser and the ports B and A of the refrigeration three-way valve to change the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerants.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the whole vehicle heat management system of the pure electric commercial vehicle provided by the invention reduces the redundancy of parts such as a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and the like, and saves the cost of a battery pack cooling module; in the aspect of the energy efficiency ratio of the whole vehicle, the capacity utilization rate of the whole vehicle of the vehicle is improved, particularly in winter, the waste heat of a motor is effectively utilized, the power consumption of heating a cab can be changed from 10kW to 3kW in winter, and the driving mileage of the vehicle is greatly improved; in the aspect of the comfort of the cab, the heating effect of the cab in winter is improved.
The invention utilizes the heat pump system to absorb heat from the cooling liquid circulation loop of the electric motor and transfer the heat to the cab for heating, thereby avoiding the problems of greatly reduced endurance mileage of the pure electric commercial vehicle and poor heating effect of the cab in winter,
the invention uses the series mode of the two-position four-way valve to realize that the heat generated by the motor and the like heats the battery pack, solves the problem of electric quantity waste caused by only depending on the built-in PTC heating when the battery pack is in a low-power state in winter,
drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a whole vehicle thermal management system of a pure electric commercial vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the natural heat dissipation of the motor and the air conditioning providing cooling for both the cab and the battery pack;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the waste heat generated after the motor dissipates heat to heat the battery pack;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the motor coolant loop absorbing heat to provide heat to the cab;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the system operating in a winter parking condition.
Description of reference numerals:
1-compressor, 2-refrigeration three-way valve, 3-condenser, 4-expansion valve, 5-evaporator, 6-battery, 7-heat pump, 8-third water pump, 9-second water heater, 10-warm core, 11-liquid cooling battery pack, 12-four-way valve, 13-first water pump, 14-battery proportion three-way valve, 15-first water heater, 16-motor, 17-radiator proportion three-way valve, 18-radiator module, 19-second water pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the entire vehicle thermal management system for the pure electric commercial vehicle provided by the invention mainly relates to an HVAC subsystem, a motor heat dissipation subsystem and a battery thermal management subsystem, the three subsystems are independent and mutually matched to exchange heat, the entire vehicle resource management utilization rate is improved, and the entire vehicle heat is uniformly managed from the perspective of the entire vehicle.
The invention provides a complete vehicle heat management system of a pure electric commercial vehicle, which aims at the problem that two sets of refrigerating devices of a battery pack and a cab HVAC system of the pure electric commercial vehicle are redundant at the present stage and adopts one set of refrigerating system to simultaneously supply cold for the battery pack and the cab. HVAC is an English acronym for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, namely Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning.
The invention also aims at the problems that the endurance mileage of the pure electric commercial vehicle is greatly reduced in winter and the heating effect of the cab is poor.
And aiming at the problem that the battery pack is heated only by the built-in PTC in a low-power state in winter, so that the electric quantity is wasted, the battery pack is heated by heat generated by a motor and the like by using a series mode of the two-position four-way valve.
When the air conditioning function is realized, the main operation components of the system are a first air conditioning refrigeration cycle consisting of a compressor, a refrigeration three-way valve, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator and a second air conditioning refrigeration cycle consisting of the compressor, the refrigeration three-way valve, the condenser, the expansion valve and a battery.
When the invention realizes the function of the heat pump, the main operation components of the system are the heat pump circulation consisting of a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion valve, a heat pump and a refrigeration three-way valve. The connection mode of the components of the air conditioning system and the heat pump system is as follows: the compressor can be connected with the A port of the refrigeration three-way valve and the output end of the evaporator respectively to meet the positive flow and the reverse flow of the refrigerant and realize the heat pump mode and the refrigeration mode.
When the warm air function is realized, the main running components of the system are composed of a water pump, a second water heater and a warm core.
The battery pack cooling liquid loop or battery pack heat management system expressed by the invention refers to a system consisting of a liquid-cooled battery pack, a four-way valve, a first water pump, a battery proportional three-way valve, a battery and a first water heater.
The invention discloses a motor cooling liquid loop or a motor heat dissipation system, which is a system consisting of a motor, a radiator proportional three-way valve, a heat pump, a radiator module, a four-way valve and a second water pump.
Specifically, the HVAC subsystem in the system of the present invention comprises: the system comprises a compressor 1, a refrigeration three-way valve 2, a condenser 3, an expansion valve 4, an evaporator 5, a battery 6 and a heat pump 7;
the first end of the compressor 1 is connected with the input end of the condenser 3 through the port A and the port B of the refrigeration three-way valve 2; the first end of the compressor 1 is also connected with the refrigerant input end of the heat pump 7 through the port A and the port C of the refrigeration three-way valve 2; the output end of the condenser 3 and the refrigerant output end of the heat pump 7 are respectively connected with the input end of the expansion valve 4; the output end of the expansion valve 4 is respectively connected with the refrigerant input end of the battery 6 and the input end of the evaporator 5; the refrigerant output of the battery 6 and the output of the evaporator 5 are connected to a second end of the compressor 1, respectively.
The first and second ends of the compressor 1 can be used according to the actual operating requirements, both input and output. The expression "connected" in the sense of the present invention means a physical connection of refrigerant or coolant lines.
The compressor of the present invention is an electric compressor, including but not limited to an electric scroll compressor; the refrigeration three-way valve is a two-position three-way valve, and can realize the switching of an A-B or an A-C flow path; the condenser is an air-cooled heat exchanger, including but not limited to a tube-and-strip compact heat exchanger, and only has 1 refrigerant heat exchange pipeline; expansion valves include, but are not limited to, thermostatic expansion valves, electronic expansion valves; the evaporator is an air-cooled heat exchanger, including but not limited to a tube-and-strip compact heat exchanger, and only has 1 refrigerant heat exchange pipeline; the battery is a water-cooled heat exchanger and is provided with two heat exchange pipelines, specifically a refrigerant heat exchange pipeline and a cooling liquid heat exchange pipeline; the heat pump Chiller is a water-cooled heat exchanger and is provided with two heat exchange pipelines, specifically a refrigerant heat exchange pipeline and a cooling liquid heat exchange pipeline.
The battery thermal management subsystem of the present invention comprises: the system comprises a liquid cooling battery pack 11, a four-way valve 12, a first water pump 13, a battery proportion three-way valve 14 and a first water heater 15;
the output end of the liquid cooling battery pack 11 is connected with the input end of a first water pump 13 through the end C and the end B of a four-way valve 12; the output end of the first water pump 13 is connected with the cooling liquid input end of the battery 6 through the end A and the end C of the battery proportion three-way valve 14; the coolant output of the battery 6 is connected to the input of the liquid-cooled battery pack 11 via a first water heater 15.
The motor heat dissipation subsystem as the present invention includes: an electric motor 16, a radiator proportional three-way valve 17, a radiator module 18, and a second water pump 19; the output end of the motor 16 is connected with the input end of the radiator module 18 through the end A and the end B of the radiator proportional three-way valve 17; the output end of the radiator module 18 is connected with the input end of a second water pump 19 through the end A and the end D of the four-way valve 12; the output end of the second water pump 19 is connected with the motor 16; the four-way valve 12 has a working mode that an A end is communicated with a B end, and a C end is communicated with a D end.
The output end of the motor 16 is connected with the input end of the cooling liquid of the heat pump 7 through the A end and the C end of the radiator proportion three-way valve 17; the coolant output end of the heat pump 7 and the output end of the radiator module 18 are respectively connected with the input end of a second water pump 19 through the A end and the D end of the four-way valve 12; the output end of the second water pump 19 is connected with the motor 16.
In order to adjust the temperature in the cab, a warm air subsystem is arranged in the cab; evaporimeter 5 sets up in the driver's cabin, and the warm braw subsystem includes: a warm core 10, a third water pump 8 and a second water heater 9; the output end of the warm core 10 is connected with the input end of a second water heater 9, the output end of the second water heater 9 is connected with the input end of a third water pump 8, and the output end of the third water pump 8 is connected with the input end of the warm core 10; the second water heater 9 heats the coolant and heats the cab through the warm core 10.
Wherein, the third water pump 8 is an electrically driven water pump and can be provided with a water tank; the second water heater 9 is a water heating thermistor heater; the warm core 10 is an air-cooled heat exchanger, can be provided with an electronic fan and only comprises 1 cooling liquid heat exchange pipeline; the liquid-cooled battery pack 11 refers to a battery pack with a built-in cooling liquid flow channel; the four-way valve 12 is a two-position four-way valve which can realize the switching of two modes of A-B and C-D and A-D and B-C, and the first water pump 13 is an electrically driven water pump and can be provided with a water tank; the battery proportional three-way valve 14 is a proportional three-way valve and can realize an A-B or A-C full-open mode or a proportional opening mode between A-B and A-C to realize the adjustment of the flow between the A-B and A-C flow paths; the first water heater 15 is a water heating thermistor heater; the motor 16 is a liquid-cooled motor, and can be attached with components such as a motor controller, an inverter, a charger and the like, and the attached components and the motor are connected in series in a cooling liquid loop; the radiator proportional three-way valve 17 is a proportional three-way valve and can realize an A-B or A-C full-open mode or a proportional opening mode between A-B and A-C to realize the adjustment of the flow between the A-B and A-C flow paths; the radiator module 18 is an air-cooled radiator, including but not limited to a tube-and-strip heat exchanger, which may be provided with an electronic fan and only 1 coolant heat exchange pipe; the second water pump 19 is an electrically driven water pump.
The system of the present invention designs two kinds of circulating work medium, i.e. refrigerant and cooling liquid. Refrigerants used in air conditioning and heat pump operations include, but are not limited to, R134a, R407C, R1234yf, CO2Etc.; electric powerThe cooling fluid used by the pool, motor, warm air circuit includes, but is not limited to, glycol/water solution.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, based on the above-mentioned complete vehicle thermal management system for the pure electric commercial vehicle, the present invention further provides a complete vehicle thermal management method for the pure electric commercial vehicle, which includes: the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the evaporator 5 absorbs heat from the cab, is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through the compressor 1, flows into the condenser 3 through the port A and the port B of the refrigeration three-way valve 2, discharges heat to the external environment, is changed into medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant through the expansion valve 4, so that the temperature in the cab is within the preset temperature range of 20-25 ℃.
The refrigerant changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant by the expansion valve 4 passes through the battery 6, absorbs heat from the battery 6, and enables the battery 6 to operate within a preset temperature range; and then returns to the compressor 1 to be changed into a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
The thermal management system of the pure electric commercial vehicle has multiple working modes in different seasons and different working conditions, and the response units in the modes are different, including but not limited to 4 typical working conditions shown in fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5. The working condition exemplarily shown in fig. 2 is a summer driving working condition, the natural heat dissipation of the motor can meet the temperature requirement of the motor, and the air conditioning system provides cooling capacity for the cab and the battery pack at the same time. In the operating condition of fig. 2, the responses are the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner, the battery pack coolant circuit and the motor coolant circuit. The function of the first refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning unit is: the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the evaporator 5 absorbs heat from the cab, is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through the compressor 1, passes through the A-B flow path of the refrigeration three-way valve 2, is changed into medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through heat discharged from the condenser 3 to the external environment, and is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant through the expansion valve 4. The effect is to provide cooling to the cab environment and maintain the cab at a suitable temperature, typically 20-25 ℃.
Further, the second refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning system functions as: the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the battery 6 absorbs heat from the battery pack cooling liquid loop, changes the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through the compressor 1, discharges the heat to the external environment through the condenser 3 to be changed into the medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and changes the heat into the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant through the expansion valve 4. Is realized to provide cold for the battery pack coolant loop and is further combined with the battery pack coolant loop to maintain the battery pack at a suitable temperature, typically between 20 ℃ and 35 ℃.
The battery pack cooling liquid loop has the functions as follows: the coolant absorbs heat generated by the liquid-cooled battery pack and transfers the heat to the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant of the battery 6 through the a-C flow path of the battery proportional three-way valve 14. The A-B flow path of the battery proportion three-way valve 14 is in parallel connection with the A-C flow path, and is used for adjusting and conveying the heat quantity to the battery 6, so that the waste of the cold quantity of the second refrigeration loop of the air conditioning unit is avoided.
With the motor coolant circuit of the present invention, the coolant absorbs heat generated by the motor 16, transfers it to the radiator module 18, and ultimately discharges it to the environment.
Here, the operation mode of the four-way valve 12 is a parallel mode, i.e., a-D-on, or B-C-on. The battery pack cooling liquid loop and the motor cooling liquid loop are independently circulated, and the two loops are connected in parallel.
The method of the present invention further comprises: the cooling liquid absorbs heat generated by the liquid cooling battery pack 11, enters the battery 6 through the C end and the B end of the four-way valve 12, the first water pump 13 and the A end and the C end of the battery proportion three-way valve 14 in sequence, transfers the heat to the battery 6, and exchanges heat with a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant of the battery 6;
the heat-exchanged cooling liquid is returned to the liquid-cooled battery pack 11 through the first water heater 15. Maintaining the battery pack at a proper temperature of 15-30 ℃.
The method of the present invention further comprises: the coolant absorbs heat from the motor 16, flows through the a and B ends of the radiator proportional three-way valve 17, and flows into the radiator module 18 to cool the coolant, and the heat is discharged to the outside environment through the radiator. The cooled coolant flows back to the motor 16 through the a and D terminals of the four-way valve 12 and the second water pump 19 to cool the motor 16.
Under the condition of parking in winter, the parking heat pump unit absorbs heat from the external environment and provides heat for the cab by combining the heat generated by the warm air loop so as to maintain the cab at a proper temperature. The parking heat pump unit is not efficient enough to provide sufficient heat to the cab due to its low operating efficiency, but reduces the power consumption of the second water heater 9 alone.
In the method of the present invention, the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant in the condenser 3 absorbs heat from the external environment, passes through the a-B flow path of the refrigeration three-way valve 2, is changed into high temperature and high pressure refrigerant by the compressor 1, releases heat to the cab in the evaporator 5, is changed into medium temperature and high pressure refrigerant, and is changed into low temperature and low pressure refrigerant by the expansion valve 4.
When the interior of the cab is heated, the coolant transfers the heat generated by the second water heater 9 to the cab through the warm core 10, so that the interior of the cab is heated.
The volumetric conditions of the present invention are exemplary conditions only. The electric automobile has a plurality of working conditions and a plurality of response unit modes in different seasons and different driving states. The different modes depend on the thermal management system architecture set forth in the present invention, which is also intended to be encompassed by the present invention.
The finished vehicle heat management method of the pure electric commercial vehicle can realize the purpose of simultaneously or independently providing cold energy for the battery pack heat management system and the cab HVAC system; the motor cooling system can realize independent natural cooling; the heat pump unit can absorb heat from a cooling liquid loop of a motor heat dissipation system or an external environment to provide heat for a cab; a cooling liquid loop of the motor cooling system can be connected with a cooling liquid loop of the battery pack in series to provide controllable heat for heating the battery pack; the battery pack heat management subsystem and the water heating unit are provided with the water PTC heater, so that the requirements of parking heating and high-power heat requirements of components can be met.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a pure electric commercial car whole car thermal management system which characterized in that includes: an HVAC subsystem;
the HVAC subsystem includes: the system comprises a compressor (1), a refrigeration three-way valve (2), a condenser (3), an expansion valve (4), an evaporator (5), a battery (6) and a heat pump (7);
the first end of the compressor (1) is connected with the input end of the condenser (3) through the port A and the port B of the refrigeration three-way valve (2); the first end of the compressor (1) is also connected with a refrigerant input end of the heat pump (7) through an A port and a C port of the refrigeration three-way valve (2);
the output end of the condenser (3) and the refrigerant output end of the heat pump (7) are respectively connected with the input end of the expansion valve (4); the output end of the expansion valve (4) is respectively connected with the refrigerant input end of the battery (6) and the input end of the evaporator (5); the refrigerant output end of the battery (6) and the output end of the evaporator (5) are respectively connected with the second end of the compressor (1).
2. The vehicle thermal management system of a pure electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1,
further comprising: a battery thermal management subsystem;
the battery thermal management subsystem includes: the system comprises a liquid cooling battery pack (11), a four-way valve (12), a first water pump (13), a battery proportion three-way valve (14) and a first water heater (15);
the output end of the liquid cooling battery pack (11) is connected with the input end of the first water pump (13) through the end C and the end B of the four-way valve (12); the output end of the first water pump (13) is connected with the cooling liquid input end of the battery (6) through the A end and the C end of the battery proportional three-way valve (14); the cooling liquid output end of the battery (6) is connected with the input end of the liquid cooling battery pack (11) through the first water heater (15).
3. The vehicle thermal management system of a pure electric commercial vehicle according to claim 2,
further comprising: a motor heat dissipation subsystem;
the motor heat dissipation subsystem includes: a motor (16), a radiator proportional three-way valve (17), a radiator module (18) and a second water pump (19);
the output end of the motor (16) is connected with the input end of the radiator module (18) through the A end and the B end of the radiator proportion three-way valve (17); the output end of the radiator module (18) is connected with the input end of a second water pump (19) through the A end and the D end of the four-way valve (12); the output end of the second water pump (19) is connected with the motor (16);
the working mode of the four-way valve (12) is that the A end is communicated with the B end, and the C end is communicated with the D end.
4. The vehicle thermal management system of a pure electric commercial vehicle according to claim 3,
the output end of the motor (16) is connected with the input end of the cooling liquid of the heat pump (7) through the A end and the C end of the radiator proportion three-way valve (17); the cooling liquid output end of the heat pump (7) and the output end of the radiator module (18) are respectively connected with the input end of a second water pump (19) through the A end and the D end of the four-way valve (12); the output end of the second water pump (19) is connected with the motor (16).
5. The pure electric commercial vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the evaporator (5) is arranged in a cab, and a warm air subsystem is further arranged in the cab;
the warm air subsystem includes: a warm core (10), a third water pump (8) and a second water heater (9);
the output end of the warm core (10) is connected with the input end of a second water heater (9), the output end of the second water heater (9) is connected with the input end of a third water pump (8), the output end of the third water pump (8) is connected with the input end of the warm core (10); the second water heater (9) heats the coolant and heats the cab through the heating core (10).
6. The vehicle thermal management system of a pure electric commercial vehicle according to claim 2,
refrigerants used in HVAC subsystems include, but are not limited to, R134a, R407C, R1234yf, CO2；
The cooling fluid used by the battery pack thermal management subsystem includes, but is not limited to, a glycol/water solution.
7. The finished vehicle thermal management method of the pure electric commercial vehicle is characterized by adopting the finished vehicle thermal management system of the pure electric commercial vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6;
the method comprises the following steps: the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the evaporator (5) absorbs heat from the cab, is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through the compressor (1), flows into the condenser (3) through the port A and the port B of the refrigeration three-way valve (2), discharges heat to the external environment, is changed into medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant through the expansion valve (4), so that the temperature in the cab is in a preset temperature range;
the refrigerant which is changed into low temperature and low pressure by the expansion valve (4) passes through the battery (6) and absorbs heat from the battery (6), so that the battery (6) operates in a preset temperature range;
then the refrigerant flows back to the compressor (1) to be changed into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
8. The vehicle thermal management method for the pure electric commercial vehicle according to claim 7,
the method further comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid absorbs heat generated by the liquid cooling battery pack (11), enters the battery (6) through the C end and the B end of the four-way valve (12), the first water pump (13) and the A end and the C end of the battery proportion three-way valve (14) in sequence, transfers the heat to the battery (6), and exchanges heat with a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant of the battery (6);
the cooling liquid after heat exchange flows back to the liquid-cooled battery pack (11) through the first water heater (15).
9. The vehicle thermal management method for the pure electric commercial vehicle according to claim 7,
the method further comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid absorbs heat from the motor (16), flows into the radiator module (18) through the A end and the B end of the radiator proportional three-way valve (17) to cool the cooling liquid, and flows back to the motor (16) through the A end and the D end of the four-way valve (12) and the second water pump (19) to cool the motor (16).
10. The vehicle thermal management method for the pure electric commercial vehicle according to claim 7,
under the working condition of driving in winter, the cooling liquid flowing out of the motor (16) flows into the heat pump (7) while the motor (16) naturally radiates heat
The cooling liquid absorbs heat from the motor (16), and one part of the cooling liquid transfers the heat to the heat pump (7) through the A end and the C end of the radiator proportion three-way valve (17) to exchange heat with low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump (7);
after absorbing heat from the cooling liquid, the refrigerant in the heat pump (7) flows back to the compressor (1) through the port A and the port C of the refrigeration three-way valve (2) and is changed into a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant;
the compressor (1) outputs high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerants to the evaporator (5) to release heat to a cab, the refrigerants are changed into medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerants, the refrigerants are changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerants through the expansion valve (4), and then the refrigerants flow back to the compressor (1) through the condenser (3) and the port B and the port A of the refrigeration three-way valve (2) to be changed into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerants.
CN202210270420.6A 2022-03-18 2022-03-18 Finished automobile thermal management system and method for pure electric commercial vehicle Pending CN114435075A (en)

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